CN117515583A - Method, device and system for controlling air distribution of secondary air of boiler and boiler system - Google Patents
Method, device and system for controlling air distribution of secondary air of boiler and boiler system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117515583A CN117515583A CN202311717409.0A CN202311717409A CN117515583A CN 117515583 A CN117515583 A CN 117515583A CN 202311717409 A CN202311717409 A CN 202311717409A CN 117515583 A CN117515583 A CN 117515583A
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- alkali metal
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
- F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
- F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
Abstract
The application discloses a method, a device and a system for controlling the air distribution of secondary air of a boiler and the boiler system, wherein current alkali metal concentration data is firstly obtained, then a target secondary air distribution scheme corresponding to the current alkali metal concentration data is determined from a plurality of pre-configured secondary air distribution schemes corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data respectively, and then a secondary air door of the boiler system is controlled according to the target secondary air distribution scheme. Because the secondary air door air distribution scheme of the boiler is configured, the aim of enabling the hearth flame temperature of the boiler system to be lower than the preset first temperature threshold is achieved, in practical application, the hearth flame temperature can be reduced to a certain extent by controlling the secondary air door to work according to the target secondary air distribution scheme matched with the current alkali metal concentration, the alkali metal release amount in high-alkali fuel is reduced, and therefore the slag-bonding coking phenomenon caused by gas-phase alkali metal is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of control, in particular to a method, a device and a system for controlling secondary air distribution of a boiler and a boiler system.
Background
Boiler fuels such as eastern coal, biomass, municipal solid waste, waste alcohol and waste oil of chemical industry and the like used in the current boilers generally contain more alkali metals, such as sodium (Na) and potassium (K), and can be called high-alkali fuels.
When the high-alkali fuel is combusted, alkali metal in the high-alkali fuel volatilizes into a gas phase in combustion flame, and the gas phase alkali metal can cause serious slag bonding and pollution problems on a heating surface, so that the safety and the high efficiency of boiler combustion equipment are affected.
Therefore, how to solve the problem of coking due to alkali metal is a urgent problem for those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present application is provided to provide a method, a device, a system and a boiler system for controlling the air distribution of a boiler, so as to realize the task of controlling the air distribution of the boiler, thereby realizing the task of controlling the combustion process of high-alkali fuel and reducing the phenomenon of slagging and coking caused by gas phase alkali metal.
The specific scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, a method for controlling air distribution of secondary air of a boiler is provided, and the method is applied to a boiler system burning high alkali fuel, the boiler system comprises a secondary air door, and the method for controlling air distribution of secondary air of the boiler comprises the following steps:
Acquiring current alkali metal concentration data, wherein the alkali metal concentration data is detected by an alkali metal concentration sensor arranged at a preset position on a water-cooled wall of the boiler system;
determining a target overgrate air distribution scheme corresponding to the current alkali metal concentration data from a plurality of overgrate air distribution schemes which are pre-configured and respectively correspond to different alkali metal concentration data; the secondary air distribution schemes are configured according to preset control targets, and the control targets comprise: the hearth flame temperature of the boiler system is lower than a preset first temperature threshold;
and controlling the secondary air door according to the target secondary air distribution scheme.
In a second aspect, there is provided a boiler secondary air distribution control device applied to a boiler system burning high alkali fuel, the boiler system including a secondary air door, the boiler secondary air distribution control device comprising:
an alkali metal concentration data acquisition unit for acquiring current alkali metal concentration data, the alkali metal concentration data being data detected by an alkali metal concentration sensor arranged at a preset position on a water-cooled wall of the boiler system;
An air distribution scheme determining unit, configured to determine a target secondary air distribution scheme corresponding to the current alkali metal concentration data from a plurality of pre-configured secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data; the secondary air distribution schemes are configured according to preset control targets, and the control targets comprise: the hearth flame temperature of the boiler system is lower than a preset first temperature threshold;
and the air door control unit is used for controlling the secondary air door according to the target secondary air distribution scheme.
In a third aspect, a secondary air distribution control system for a boiler is provided, the secondary air distribution control system being applied to a boiler system burning high alkali fuel, the boiler system including a secondary air door, the secondary air distribution control system comprising:
an alkali metal concentration detection system comprising an alkali metal concentration sensor arranged at a preset position on a water-cooled wall of the boiler system for detecting current alkali metal concentration data;
the boiler secondary air distribution control device comprises a memory and a processor; the memory is used for storing programs; the processor is used for executing the program to realize each step of the boiler secondary air distribution control method.
In a fourth aspect, a boiler system is provided, which burns a high alkali fuel, the boiler system comprising a secondary air door and the boiler secondary air distribution control system described above.
By means of the technical scheme, when the secondary air valve air distribution scheme of the boiler is configured, the aim of enabling the hearth flame temperature of the boiler system to be lower than the preset first temperature threshold is achieved, so that in practical application, the hearth flame temperature can be reduced to a certain extent by controlling the secondary air valve to work according to the target secondary air distribution scheme matched with the current alkali metal concentration, alkali metal release in high alkali fuel is inhibited, and slagging coking caused by gas phase alkali metal is reduced.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the application. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for controlling air distribution of secondary air of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a configuration flow of a overgrate air distribution scheme;
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic structural view of a boiler system;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of the layout position of the spectrum probe in the boiler system shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic structural view of another boiler system;
FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of the layout position of the spectrum probe in the boiler system shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic process diagram for implementing a overfire air distribution control task for the boiler system shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 5;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a secondary air distribution control device for a boiler according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The applicant finds that in the boiler system, the alkali metal release and migration in the high-alkali fuel are closely related to the flue gas temperature, and the flue gas temperature is also a key factor influencing slagging coking. Specifically, the higher the temperature, the more fully the high-alkali fuel burns, the higher the amount of alkali released, the higher the gas-phase alkali concentration, and the higher the likelihood of coking and slagging.
Based on this, the applicant proposes: slag formation and coking can be reduced to some extent by controlling the flue gas temperature of the boiler system. Specifically, the application provides a method, a device and a system for controlling the air distribution of secondary air of a boiler and a boiler system, which can be suitable for realizing the automatic control task of air distribution of the boiler, thereby controlling the flue gas temperature in the high-alkali fuel combustion process and reducing the slagging coking phenomenon caused by gas phase alkali metal.
Fig. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of controlling secondary air distribution of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present application, which may be applied to a boiler system burning high alkali fuel, which may include a secondary air door.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for controlling the secondary air distribution of the boiler may include the following steps:
step S101, acquiring current alkali metal concentration data.
Wherein the alkali metal concentration data is data detected by an alkali metal concentration sensor that may be disposed at a preset location on a water wall of the boiler system to determine an alkali metal concentration of a near wall region of the water wall.
Alternatively, the alkali metal concentration sensor may be non-contact. In one possible implementation, the alkali metal concentration sensor may detect alkali metal concentration using a non-contact spontaneous emission spectroscopy technique. The alkali metal concentration sensor may be a spectrum probe for detecting alkali metal concentration, for example, which has a simple structure and good applicability.
In addition, the alkali metal type corresponding to the alkali metal concentration data may be set according to the high alkali fuel composition for combustion. Specifically, since alkali metals in the high alkali fuel for combustion in the boiler system are mainly sodium (Na) and potassium (K), the alkali metal concentration data may include Na concentration data and K concentration data based on this. For example, for eastern coal, the Na concentration in the coal quality is 5 to 10 times the K concentration, based on which the alkali metal concentration data may include only Na concentration data.
Step S102, determining a target overgrate air distribution scheme corresponding to the current alkali metal concentration data from a plurality of overgrate air distribution schemes which are pre-configured and respectively correspond to different alkali metal concentration data.
The secondary air distribution schemes are configured according to preset control targets, and the control targets comprise: the hearth flame temperature of the boiler system is lower than a preset first temperature threshold. The air distribution scheme of the secondary air door is adjusted, so that the flame temperature of the hearth can be changed; by controlling the furnace flame temperature below the first temperature threshold, alkali metal release in the high alkali fuel can be reduced, and the gas phase alkali metal concentration is reduced, thereby reducing slag formation and coking caused by the gas phase alkali metal.
Alternatively, the flame temperature peak may be determined by measurement with a temperature measuring instrument, and the first temperature threshold may be set to 1600 ℃ assuming that the flame peak temperature measured with the temperature measuring instrument is 1700 ℃.
And step S103, controlling the secondary air gate according to the target secondary air distribution scheme.
Specifically, the secondary air distribution scheme can include the opening degree of the secondary air door, and under different opening degrees, the secondary air door can provide different secondary air volumes. It should be noted that the secondary air distribution scheme described above for different boiler systems may include different control objects. For the existing wall type opposed firing boiler, the opening degree of a baffle plate door and the angle of an inner/outer secondary air swirl vane can be controlled to adjust the air quantity of a swirl burner; for the existing tangential firing boiler, the opening degree of the multi-layer baffle door can be controlled to adjust the air quantity.
In addition, a Distributed Control System (DCS) can be used for controlling the secondary air valve so as to achieve target air quantity and secondary air distribution control tasks of the boiler system.
According to the boiler secondary air distribution control scheme, when the secondary air valve air distribution scheme of the boiler is configured, the purpose that the hearth flame temperature of a boiler system is lower than the preset first temperature threshold value is achieved, so that in practical application, the hearth flame temperature can be reduced to a certain extent by controlling the secondary air valve to work according to the target secondary air distribution scheme matched with the current alkali metal concentration, alkali metal release is reduced, and the slagging coking phenomenon caused by gas phase alkali metal is reduced.
In some embodiments provided herein, the control objective may further include: the temperature of the water wall near-wall area and the temperature of the hearth outlet of the boiler system are lower than a preset second temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold can be set according to the ash fusion point of the high-alkali fuel, and the second temperature threshold is lower than the first temperature threshold.
Alternatively, the second temperature threshold may be at least 100 ℃ lower than the ash melting point of the high alkali fuel. To reduce the adverse effect on combustion, the second temperature threshold may be 100 ℃ to 200 ℃ lower than the ash melting point of the high alkali fuel. For example, the coal quality and slag formation of the boiler system during the last half year can be analyzed, and the melting point of the coal quality ash can be determined by combining the sampling analysis results. Assuming that the ash fusion point of the high fuel is 1300 ℃, the second temperature threshold may be set to 1100 ℃.
By means of the secondary air door air distribution scheme, the secondary air door is controlled to work according to the target secondary air distribution scheme matched with the current alkali metal concentration, and the flue gas temperature of the water-cooled wall near-wall area and the hearth outlet can be reduced on the basis of reducing the hearth flame temperature, so that the release and migration of alkali metal in high-alkali fuel are inhibited to a certain extent, and further slagging and coking caused by gas-phase alkali metal are reduced.
The following describes a specific procedure for configuring the overgrate air distribution scheme based on alkali metal concentration in the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic configuration flow diagram of a secondary air distribution scheme, and in conjunction with fig. 2, in some embodiments provided herein, the configuration process of the several secondary air distribution schemes corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data may include the following steps:
step S201, a combustion prediction model of the boiler system is established.
The combustion prediction model can provide the flue gas temperature distribution condition of the boiler system under different operation working condition parameters, so that a basis is provided for configuration of a secondary air distribution scheme.
Step S202, configuring a secondary air distribution scheme based on the flue gas temperature.
The flue gas temperature can be represented by temperature data of preset measuring points of a hearth combustion area of the boiler system, and the data can be detected by a high-temperature thermometer manually.
Specifically, the step S202 may include steps a to B:
step A, for each set of operation condition parameters in a plurality of sets of operation condition parameters preset in the boiler system, executing the following steps A1 to A3:
And A1, acquiring temperature data corresponding to the operation condition parameters.
The temperature data may include temperature data of the preset measuring point of a furnace combustion area of the boiler system, and the data may be measured.
It should be noted that, based on the operating condition parameters and the temperature data, the simulated operating condition of the boiler system may be simulated using the combustion prediction model. The combustion prediction model can calculate the flue gas temperature distribution condition of the boiler system under the current working condition, and based on the flue gas temperature distribution condition, when the temperature of the combustion area in the hearth is monitored to be higher, the air distribution scheme of the secondary air door can be adjusted to reduce the temperature in the hearth.
And step A2, continuously adjusting the secondary air distribution parameters of the boiler system until the condition of the flue gas temperature distribution provided by the combustion prediction model is monitored to meet the control target.
Wherein, the air distribution parameters of the boiler system can comprise the opening degree of an air door of the secondary air door; the monitoring that the above control target is satisfied may refer to: and monitoring that the flame temperature of the hearth is lower than the first temperature threshold, the temperature of the near-wall area of the water-cooled wall is lower than the second temperature threshold and the temperature of the outlet of the hearth is lower than the second temperature threshold. Alternatively, in adjusting the overgrate air distribution parameters of the boiler system, combustion efficiency and NOx emission optimization principles may be considered in addition to the control objectives described above. Specifically, the combustion prediction model can be utilized to observe NOx concentration data of a hearth outlet of the boiler system, and the optimal working parameters of the secondary air valve under the current working condition can be obtained through comprehensive analysis. The secondary air valve is controlled to work according to the optimal working parameters, so that the flame temperature of the hearth, the temperature of the near-wall area of the water-cooled wall and the temperature of the outlet of the hearth are respectively lower than the corresponding temperature threshold values, the oxygen concentration in the boiler meets the preset optimal combustion condition, and the NOx concentration at the outlet of the hearth meets the optimal NOx emission condition.
And A3, recording the current air distribution parameters of the boiler system as a secondary air distribution scheme corresponding to the temperature data.
And B, after a plurality of groups of records are obtained, configuring a plurality of secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different temperature data.
Step S203, configuring a secondary air distribution scheme based on alkali metal concentration.
Specifically, step S203 may include: and converting the plurality of secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different temperature data into the plurality of secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data according to a pre-established mapping relation between the alkali metal concentration at the preset position and the flue gas temperature at the preset measuring point.
In some embodiments provided herein, the step S201 of establishing a combustion prediction model of the boiler system may include the following steps C to F:
and C, acquiring a plurality of groups of historical data.
Wherein the history data may include: the method comprises the steps of operating condition parameters of the boiler system, corresponding temperature data of preset measuring points and corresponding temperature data of a plurality of measuring points of a hearth outlet of the boiler system. The above-mentioned operating condition parameters may be obtained by the test and distributed control system DCS, and may include: the machine unit load, the coal quality, the combination mode of coal mills, the air quantity, the air temperature, the opening degree of a secondary air valve and other operating parameters.
And D, building a boiler structure model according to the structural parameters of the boiler system.
By way of example, three-dimensional modeling software (e.g., inventor, solidworks, etc.) may be utilized to determine the dimensions of the boiler system, such as the boiler windbox, duct, overgrate ports, burner, furnace, etc., according to 1:1 to build the boiler structure model.
And E, on the basis of the boiler structure model, carrying out fluid dynamics simulation according to different operation condition parameters, and establishing an initial prediction model.
For example, the boiler structure model established in the step D may be imported into CFD simulation software (ComputationalFluid Dynamics, computational fluid dynamics, CFD), such as ANSYS, and then equations of heat transfer, flow, pulverized coal combustion and the like are opened, and an initial prediction model of the boiler system is established by using data simulation calculation according to parameters such as unit load, coal quality, coal mill combination mode, secondary air gate opening and the like.
And F, correcting the initial prediction model by utilizing the temperature data of the preset measuring points corresponding to each group of operation condition parameters and the temperature data of a plurality of corresponding measuring points of the hearth outlet to obtain a combustion prediction model of the boiler system.
And F, the combustion prediction model obtained in the step is more matched with the plurality of groups of historical data and is closer to the actual running condition of the boiler system. Thus, a more accurate distribution of the composition field, velocity field and temperature field of the boiler system may be provided by means of the combustion prediction model.
The combustion prediction model provides the flue gas temperature distribution condition of the boiler system and the like, and the setting position of the alkali metal concentration sensor can be determined according to the flue gas temperature distribution condition.
In some embodiments provided herein, the preset position may be: and determining an easy-slag-bonding area on the water-cooling wall according to the temperature distribution condition of the boiler system provided by the combustion prediction model.
The above-mentioned slag-bonding-prone region may be a high-temperature region of the near-wall region of the water-cooled wall, which is determined according to the temperature distribution condition of the boiler system provided by the combustion prediction model and is prone to reach the second temperature threshold.
In one possible implementation, the alkali metal concentration sensor may be a spectroscopic probe that may together with a monitoring host and specialized analysis software form an alkali metal on-line monitoring system for detecting and outputting alkali metal concentration data.
In some embodiments provided herein, the mapping relationship between the alkali metal concentration at the preset position and the flue gas temperature at the preset measurement point may be established by the following steps:
and performing correlation analysis on the alkali metal concentration and the flue gas temperature according to the alkali metal concentration data of the preset position and the temperature data of the preset measuring point under different working conditions, and fitting to obtain a correlation function of the alkali metal concentration of the preset position and the flue gas temperature of the preset measuring point for representing the mapping relation.
Alternatively, the boiler system may be a tangential firing boiler, and may have multiple layers of secondary air and multiple layers of SOFA secondary air (SOFA, split overfire air), where each layer of secondary air has a separate damper to control, and the multiple layers of damper opening may be adjusted to achieve the target air volume for organized firing. By way of example, FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a boiler system, which may be a 300MW tangential firing boiler burning eastern coal, with a total of AA, AB, BC, CD, DE, EF six layers of overair, four layers of SOFA overair. According to the scheme, a combustion prediction model of the boiler can be established, and the position of the secondary air of the combustion area DE\EF of the hearth and the upper part, the position of the secondary air of the SOFA and the temperature of the lower part of the secondary air of the hearth can be determined according to the model. On the basis, a spectrum probe can be arranged in the slag-bonding area. By way of example, fig. 4 shows a schematic layout of the spectral probes in the boiler system shown in fig. 3, and in combination with fig. 4, 3 spectral probes may be disposed on the front and rear walls and the two side walls of the slag-bonding prone region, and 12 spectral probes may be disposed in total, so as to detect the alkali metal concentration and the flue gas temperature therein by means of the spectral probes.
Alternatively, the boiler system may be a wall-type opposed firing boiler, may be provided with a plurality of cyclone burners and a layer of overfire air, and the secondary air quantity of the cyclone burners may be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the damper door and the angle of the inner/outer secondary air cyclone blades. By way of example, fig. 5 shows a schematic structural diagram of another boiler system, which may be a 600MW wall-type opposed firing boiler that fires 20% -30% of eastern coals, according to which a combustion prediction model of the boiler may be established, from which the position of the uppermost swirl burner in the combustion zone of the furnace and its upper portion may be determined to be easily overrun. On the basis, a spectrum probe can be arranged in the slag-bonding area. By way of example, fig. 6 shows a schematic view of the arrangement positions of the spectral probes in the boiler system shown in fig. 5, and in combination with fig. 6, 4 spectral probes can be arranged on both side walls of the slag-prone region, and a total of 8 spectral probes can be arranged, so that the alkali metal concentration and the flue gas temperature can be detected there by means of the spectral probes.
FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a process for implementing a overfire air distribution control task for the boiler system shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 5. As shown in connection with fig. 7, the process may include:
Firstly, configuring a plurality of groups of historical data, specifically, firstly, obtaining operation condition parameters of a boiler system by a distributed control system DCS and a test, wherein examples are as follows: and (3) operating parameters such as unit load, coal quality, a coal mill combination mode, air quantity, air temperature, secondary air valve opening and the like are measured to obtain preset measurement of a combustion area of the hearth and temperature data of a plurality of measuring points of an outlet of the hearth, and a plurality of sets of historical data are configured.
On the basis, according to structural parameters of a boiler system, for example, dimensional parameters such as a wind box, an air duct, a secondary air nozzle, a burner, a hearth and the like of a tangential combustion boiler, and further dimensional parameters such as a wind box, an air duct, a cyclone burner, over-fire air, a hearth and the like of a wall type opposed combustion boiler are shown, according to the following steps: 1, on the basis of which an initial prediction model of the boiler system is built by utilizing numerical simulation calculation, and then model correction is carried out by utilizing temperature data to obtain a combustion prediction model of the boiler system.
And determining the setting position of a spectrum probe for collecting temperature and alkali metal concentration based on the established combustion prediction model, and installing an alkali metal on-line monitoring system, wherein the system can comprise the spectrum probe, a monitoring host and the like.
Analyzing the running coal quality, slag bonding, corrosion and other running states of the boiler system in the last half year, and determining the melting point of the coal ash by combining the sampling analysis results; and measuring a flame temperature peak value by using a temperature measuring instrument so as to determine a control target limit value, namely a first temperature threshold value and a second temperature threshold value, based on the coal ash melting point and the flame temperature peak value. For example, for a 300MW tangential firing boiler using eastern coal, the peak flame temperature may be determined to be 1700℃, the melting point of the coal ash may be 1300℃, based on which it may be determined that the highest flame temperature value for the furnace of the boiler system should be below 1600℃, the near wall region of the furnace combustion zone, the highest furnace exit temperature should be below 1100℃, i.e., the first temperature threshold is set to 1600℃, and the second temperature threshold is set to 1100℃. For example, for a 600MW wall-opposed firing boiler using 20% -30% of eastern coal, the peak flame temperature may be 1750 ℃ and the melting point of coal ash may be 1350 ℃, based on which it may be determined that the highest flame temperature value of the furnace of the boiler system should be below 1650 ℃, the near-wall area of the furnace combustion zone, the highest temperature of the furnace outlet should be below 1150 ℃, i.e. the first temperature threshold is 1650 ℃ and the second temperature threshold is 1150 ℃.
And then under different operation conditions, analyzing the overgrate air distribution scheme of the boiler system to determine a relatively better overgrate air distribution scheme, for example, analyzing the opening degree of each layer of baffle door of the tangential combustion boiler to determine the opening degree of each layer of baffle door, for example, analyzing the opening degree of each layer of baffle door and the angle of swirl vane of the wall-type opposite-flow combustion boiler to determine the opening degree of each layer of baffle door and the angle of swirl vane. On the basis, the target limit value, the optimal combustion efficiency and the optimal NOx emission of control are considered, the combustion prediction model calculation is carried out, and the secondary air distribution scheme is optimized, so that the secondary air distribution scheme based on the flue gas temperature is obtained.
According to the calculation results of alkali metal concentration data (such as Na concentration data, for example), temperature data and a combustion prediction model detected by the spectrum probe arranged according to the figure 4 or the figure 6, the association relation between the alkali metal concentration and the flue gas temperature is obtained, the association function between the alkali metal concentration and the flue gas temperature is obtained through data analysis and fitting, and a secondary air distribution scheme based on the alkali metal concentration is configured, so that the secondary air distribution control scheme provided by the embodiment of the application is realized.
On the basis of the boiler secondary air distribution scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, the matching relation between the alkali metal concentration data and the optimal secondary air distribution scheme (comprising the opening degree of each layer of baffle gate and the angle of the cyclone blade, or the opening degree of each layer of baffle gate) can be edited into a control strategy which can be identified by the distributed control system DCS. Under the condition that the distributed control system DCS monitors the change of the parameters of the operation working conditions, such as the change of the combination modes of the load, the coal quality and the coal mill of the boiler system, the distributed control system DCS adjusts the secondary air valve according to the corresponding target secondary air distribution scheme so as to realize the target air quantity, thereby realizing the purposes of fine air distribution adjustment task and optimizing the combustion working conditions in the boiler, reducing the slag formation and the coking caused by alkali metal, realizing the intelligent targeted treatment of the slag formation and the coking phenomenon in the high-alkali fuel combustion process, and improving the operation safety and the economy of the boiler. In addition, the burning rate of the eastern coal can be improved, and for a 600MW wall-opposed combustion boiler, the burning rate of the eastern coal can be improved by 20% by means of the scheme.
Compared with the scheme that an existing operator adjusts air distribution according to the temperature in the hearth measured by the high-temperature thermometer so as to control the release conversion of alkali metal, the scheme provides more visual and accurate air distribution adjustment basis by means of the combustion prediction model, and in addition, the scheme can realize the automatic control task of the secondary air valve by depending on the distributed control system DCS without continuously trying in the operation process of the boiler system manually, and has lower quality and technical requirements on operators.
The secondary air distribution control device of the boiler provided by the embodiment of the application is described below, and the secondary air distribution control device of the boiler and the secondary air distribution control method of the boiler described below can be correspondingly referred to each other.
The boiler secondary air distribution control device provided by the embodiment of the application can be applied to a boiler system burning high-alkali fuel, and the boiler system can comprise a secondary air door. The boiler secondary air distribution control device may include:
an alkali metal concentration data acquisition unit for acquiring current alkali metal concentration data, the alkali metal concentration data being data detected by an alkali metal concentration sensor arranged at a preset position on a water-cooled wall of the boiler system;
an air distribution scheme determining unit, configured to determine a target secondary air distribution scheme corresponding to the current alkali metal concentration data from a plurality of pre-configured secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data; the secondary air distribution schemes are configured according to preset control targets, and the control targets comprise: the hearth flame temperature of the boiler system is lower than a preset first temperature threshold;
And the air door control unit is used for controlling the secondary air door according to the target secondary air distribution scheme.
In some embodiments provided herein, the control objective may further include: the temperature of a near-wall area of a water-cooled wall of the boiler system and the temperature of an outlet of a hearth are lower than a preset second temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold is set according to the ash fusion point of the high-alkali fuel, and the second temperature threshold is lower than the first temperature threshold.
In some embodiments provided herein, the secondary air distribution control device for a boiler may further include a secondary air distribution scheme configuration unit configured to configure the several secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data.
On the basis of the above, the process of configuring the plurality of secondary air distribution schemes corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data by the secondary air distribution scheme configuration unit may include:
establishing a combustion prediction model of the boiler system, wherein the combustion prediction model can provide flue gas temperature distribution conditions of the boiler system under different operation condition parameters;
for each of a number of preset sets of operating condition parameters of the boiler system: acquiring temperature data corresponding to the operation condition parameters, wherein the temperature data comprises temperature data of preset measuring points of a hearth combustion area of the boiler system; continuously adjusting secondary air distribution parameters of the boiler system, wherein the secondary air distribution parameters of the boiler system comprise air door opening degrees of secondary air doors until the temperature distribution condition of flue gas provided by the combustion prediction model is detected that the flame temperature of a hearth is lower than the first temperature threshold value, the temperature of a near-wall area of a water-cooled wall is lower than the second temperature threshold value and the temperature of an outlet of the hearth is lower than the second temperature threshold value; recording the current secondary air distribution parameters of the boiler system as a secondary air distribution scheme corresponding to the temperature data; configuring a plurality of secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different temperature data;
And converting the plurality of secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different temperature data into the plurality of secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data according to a pre-established mapping relation between the alkali metal concentration at the preset position and the flue gas temperature at the preset measuring point.
In some embodiments provided herein, the process of establishing the combustion prediction model of the boiler system by the overgrate air distribution scheme configuration unit may include:
acquiring a plurality of sets of historical data, the historical data comprising: the method comprises the steps of operating condition parameters of the boiler system, corresponding temperature data of preset measuring points and corresponding temperature data of a plurality of measuring points of a hearth outlet of the boiler system;
building a boiler structure model according to the structural parameters of the boiler system;
on the basis of the boiler structure model, carrying out fluid dynamics simulation according to different operation condition parameters, and establishing an initial prediction model; the operating condition parameters include: unit load, coal quality, coal mill combination mode and secondary air valve opening;
and correcting the initial prediction model by utilizing the temperature data of the preset measuring points corresponding to each group of operating condition parameters and the temperature data of a plurality of measuring points corresponding to the hearth outlet to obtain a combustion prediction model of the boiler system.
In some embodiments provided herein, the preset position may be: and determining an easy-slag-bonding area on the water-cooling wall according to the temperature distribution condition of the boiler system provided by the combustion prediction model.
In some embodiments provided herein, the alkali metal concentration sensor may detect alkali metal concentration using a non-contact spontaneous emission spectroscopy technique.
In some embodiments provided herein, the process of establishing the mapping relationship between the alkali metal concentration at the preset position and the flue gas temperature at the preset measurement point may include:
and performing correlation analysis on the alkali metal concentration and the flue gas temperature according to the alkali metal concentration data of the preset position and the temperature data of the preset measuring point under different working conditions, and fitting to obtain a correlation function of the alkali metal concentration of the preset position and the flue gas temperature of the preset measuring point for representing the mapping relation.
The boiler overgrate air distribution control device that this application embodiment provided can be applied to boiler overgrate air distribution control equipment, if possess the terminal of data processing ability: computer, server, cloud, etc. Alternatively, the boiler secondary air distribution control device may be applied to a boiler system burning high alkali fuel, and the boiler system may include a secondary air door. Fig. 8 shows a block diagram of a hardware structure of a boiler secondary air distribution control apparatus, and referring to fig. 8, the hardware structure of the boiler secondary air distribution control apparatus may include: at least one processor 1, at least one communication interface 2, at least one memory 3 and at least one communication bus 4;
In the embodiment of the application, the number of the processor 1, the communication interface 2, the memory 3 and the communication bus 4 is at least one, and the processor 1, the communication interface 2 and the memory 3 complete communication with each other through the communication bus 4;
processor 1 may be a central processing unit CPU, or a specific integrated circuit ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention, etc.;
the memory 3 may comprise a high-speed RAM memory, and may further comprise a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory) or the like, such as at least one magnetic disk memory;
wherein the memory stores a program, the processor is operable to invoke the program stored in the memory, the program operable to:
acquiring current alkali metal concentration data, wherein the alkali metal concentration data is detected by an alkali metal concentration sensor arranged at a preset position on a water-cooled wall of the boiler system;
determining a target overgrate air distribution scheme corresponding to the current alkali metal concentration data from a plurality of overgrate air distribution schemes which are pre-configured and respectively correspond to different alkali metal concentration data; the secondary air distribution schemes are configured according to preset control targets, and the control targets comprise: the hearth flame temperature of the boiler system is lower than a preset first temperature threshold;
And controlling the secondary air door according to the target secondary air distribution scheme.
Alternatively, the refinement function and the extension function of the program may be described with reference to the above.
On the basis of the above, the embodiment of the application provides a boiler air distribution control system, which can be applied to a boiler system burning high-alkali fuel, and the boiler system can comprise a secondary air door.
The boiler secondary air distribution control system may include: alkali metal concentration detecting system and above-mentioned boiler overgrate air distribution control equipment.
The alkali metal concentration detection system may include an alkali metal concentration sensor disposed at a preset position on a water wall of the boiler system for detecting current alkali metal concentration data.
Optionally, the alkali metal concentration detection system may further include a monitoring host, configured to collect alkali metal concentration data detected by the alkali metal concentration sensor, so as to obtain the alkali metal concentration data by the boiler overgrate air distribution control device.
Optionally, the alkali metal concentration detection system can also be used for establishing a mapping relation between the flue gas temperature and the alkali metal concentration by means of professional analysis software.
Alternatively, the location of the alkali metal concentration sensor may be referred to the description of the secondary air distribution control method section of the boiler described above.
Embodiments of the present application also provide a boiler system that burns a high alkali fuel, which may include: secondary air door and boiler secondary air distribution control system
Alternatively, reference may be made to the above for further description of the boiler system.
The embodiment of the application also provides a storage medium, which may store a program adapted to be executed by a processor, the program being configured to:
acquiring current alkali metal concentration data, wherein the alkali metal concentration data is detected by an alkali metal concentration sensor arranged at a preset position on a water-cooled wall of a boiler system;
determining a target overgrate air distribution scheme corresponding to the current alkali metal concentration data from a plurality of overgrate air distribution schemes which are pre-configured and respectively correspond to different alkali metal concentration data; the secondary air distribution schemes are configured according to preset control targets, and the control targets comprise: the hearth flame temperature of the boiler system is lower than a preset first temperature threshold;
and controlling a secondary air door of the boiler system according to the target secondary air distribution scheme.
Alternatively, the refinement function and the extension function of the program may be described with reference to the above.
Finally, it is further noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and may be combined according to needs, and the same similar parts may be referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling the air distribution of secondary air of a boiler, which is characterized by being applied to a boiler system burning high-alkali fuel, wherein the boiler system comprises a secondary air door, and the method for controlling the air distribution of secondary air of the boiler comprises the following steps:
acquiring current alkali metal concentration data, wherein the alkali metal concentration data is detected by an alkali metal concentration sensor arranged at a preset position on a water-cooled wall of the boiler system;
determining a target overgrate air distribution scheme corresponding to the current alkali metal concentration data from a plurality of overgrate air distribution schemes which are pre-configured and respectively correspond to different alkali metal concentration data; the secondary air distribution schemes are configured according to preset control targets, and the control targets comprise: the hearth flame temperature of the boiler system is lower than a preset first temperature threshold;
And controlling the secondary air door according to the target secondary air distribution scheme.
2. The method for controlling the overgrate air distribution of a boiler according to claim 1, wherein the control target further comprises: the temperature of a near-wall area of a water-cooled wall of the boiler system and the temperature of an outlet of a hearth are lower than a preset second temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold is set according to the ash fusion point of the high-alkali fuel, and the second temperature threshold is lower than the first temperature threshold.
3. The method for controlling the secondary air distribution of a boiler according to claim 2, wherein the configuration process of the several secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data comprises:
establishing a combustion prediction model of the boiler system, wherein the combustion prediction model can provide flue gas temperature distribution conditions of the boiler system under different operation condition parameters;
for each of a number of preset sets of operating condition parameters of the boiler system: acquiring temperature data corresponding to the operation condition parameters, wherein the temperature data comprises temperature data of preset measuring points of a hearth combustion area of the boiler system; continuously adjusting secondary air distribution parameters of the boiler system, wherein the secondary air distribution parameters of the boiler system comprise air door opening degrees of secondary air doors until the temperature distribution condition of flue gas provided by the combustion prediction model is detected that the flame temperature of a hearth is lower than the first temperature threshold value, the temperature of a near-wall area of a water-cooled wall is lower than the second temperature threshold value and the temperature of an outlet of the hearth is lower than the second temperature threshold value; recording the current secondary air distribution parameters of the boiler system as a secondary air distribution scheme corresponding to the temperature data; configuring a plurality of secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different temperature data;
And converting the plurality of secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different temperature data into the plurality of secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data according to a pre-established mapping relation between the alkali metal concentration at the preset position and the flue gas temperature at the preset measuring point.
4. A method of controlling the overgrate air distribution of a boiler according to claim 3, wherein building a combustion prediction model of the boiler system comprises:
acquiring a plurality of sets of historical data, the historical data comprising: the method comprises the steps of operating condition parameters of the boiler system, corresponding temperature data of preset measuring points and corresponding temperature data of a plurality of measuring points of a hearth outlet of the boiler system;
building a boiler structure model according to the structural parameters of the boiler system;
on the basis of the boiler structure model, carrying out fluid dynamics simulation according to different operation condition parameters, and establishing an initial prediction model; the operating condition parameters include: unit load, coal quality, coal mill combination mode and secondary air valve opening;
and correcting the initial prediction model by utilizing the temperature data of the preset measuring points corresponding to each group of operating condition parameters and the temperature data of a plurality of measuring points corresponding to the hearth outlet to obtain a combustion prediction model of the boiler system.
5. The method for controlling secondary air distribution of a boiler according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the preset position is: and determining an easy-slag-bonding area on the water-cooling wall according to the temperature distribution condition of the boiler system provided by the combustion prediction model.
6. The method for controlling the overgrate air distribution of the boiler according to claim 5, wherein the alkali metal concentration sensor detects the alkali metal concentration by adopting a non-contact spontaneous emission spectrum technology.
7. The method for controlling secondary air distribution of a boiler according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the mapping relationship between the alkali metal concentration at the preset position and the flue gas temperature at the preset measuring point is established by the following steps:
and performing correlation analysis on the alkali metal concentration and the flue gas temperature according to the alkali metal concentration data of the preset position and the temperature data of the preset measuring point under different working conditions, and fitting to obtain a correlation function of the alkali metal concentration of the preset position and the flue gas temperature of the preset measuring point for representing the mapping relation.
8. The utility model provides a boiler overgrate air distribution controlling means, its characterized in that is applied to the boiler system who fires high alkali fuel, the boiler system includes the overgrate air door, boiler overgrate air distribution controlling means includes:
An alkali metal concentration data acquisition unit for acquiring current alkali metal concentration data, the alkali metal concentration data being data detected by an alkali metal concentration sensor arranged at a preset position on a water-cooled wall of the boiler system;
an air distribution scheme determining unit, configured to determine a target secondary air distribution scheme corresponding to the current alkali metal concentration data from a plurality of pre-configured secondary air distribution schemes respectively corresponding to different alkali metal concentration data; the secondary air distribution schemes are configured according to preset control targets, and the control targets comprise: the hearth flame temperature of the boiler system is lower than a preset first temperature threshold;
and the air door control unit is used for controlling the secondary air door according to the target secondary air distribution scheme.
9. A boiler secondary air distribution control system, characterized in that is applied to the boiler system that fires high alkali fuel, the boiler system includes the overgrate air door, boiler secondary air distribution control system includes:
an alkali metal concentration detection system comprising an alkali metal concentration sensor arranged at a preset position on a water-cooled wall of the boiler system for detecting current alkali metal concentration data;
The boiler secondary air distribution control device comprises a memory and a processor; the memory is used for storing programs; the processor is configured to execute the program to implement the steps of the boiler overgrate air distribution control method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A boiler system, wherein the boiler system combusts a high alkali fuel, the boiler system comprising a secondary air door and the boiler secondary air distribution control system of claim 9.
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