CN117514286A

CN117514286A - Reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device and energy-absorbing supporting method

Info

Publication number: CN117514286A
Application number: CN202311563879.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜坤; 毕瑞阳; 周健; 刘明晖; 杨颂歌; 牛腾飞
Original assignee: Central South University
Current assignee: Central South University
Priority date: 2023-11-22
Filing date: 2023-11-22
Publication date: 2024-02-06

Abstract

An energy-absorbing automatic supporting device capable of being recycled and an energy-absorbing supporting method, which are as follows: the outer support sleeve is sleeved outside the inner rod body, the front check ring at the front end of the outer support sleeve is connected with six front supports, and the front pipe body of the outer support sleeve is provided with six strip-shaped sliding grooves; six rear supports which are arranged in the six strip-shaped sliding grooves in a sliding way are fixedly connected to the circular baffle disc; the front ends of the six anchor rods are hinged with the six front supports, the six small sliding sleeves are sleeved outside the six anchor rods in a sliding manner, and the front ends and the rear ends of the six support rods are respectively hinged with the six small sliding sleeves and the six rear supports; the outer fixed sleeve is connected at the end of the outer support sleeve, the inner locking pipe body is sleeved at the end of the inner rod body and is arranged in the outer fixed sleeve in a sliding mode, and the inner sliding pipe body is arranged in the outer fixed sleeve in a sliding mode and is connected with the pressing rod. The method comprises the following steps: drilling and installing a supporting device; monitoring the state, and replacing the energy-absorbing tray when the energy-absorbing tray fails; and recovering the component when the support is finished. The device and the method can effectively meet the continuous energy absorption support requirement.

Description

Reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device and energy-absorbing supporting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground tunnel and mine tunnel support, and particularly relates to a recyclable energy-absorbing automatic support device and an energy-absorbing support method.

Background

The anchor bolt support is an active support mode and plays an important role in underground engineering support in China. The anchor bolt support is mainly composed of three theories, namely a combined beam, a combined arch and a suspension beam, wherein an anchor zone is formed at the shallow part of the surrounding rock, and a pretightening force is applied to the surface of the surrounding rock, so that a support zone is formed at the shallow part of the surrounding rock. The traditional energy-absorbing anchor rod utilizes the anchoring agent or the anchor rod component to form a larger anchoring body at the bottom of the drilled hole, and the mode is simple, convenient and effective, so that the surrounding rock generates larger anchoring force, thereby playing a role in supporting a roadway. However, in the practical engineering, the existing energy-absorbing anchor rod has the following problems: firstly, when high stress is continuously pressed, continuous energy absorption cannot be met; secondly, after the energy absorption range is exceeded, the energy absorption anchor rod is invalid; thirdly, the energy absorbing support is disposable and cannot be reused; fourth, the repeated reuse of the rod body and related components cannot be realized; fifthly, automatic anchoring cannot be realized; and sixthly, the anchoring agent performance material is easy to cause the anchor release of the rod body and surrounding rock, and the energy absorption support is affected. Therefore, the anchor agent is required to be removed and replaced with the pollution caused by the anchor agent; the continuous energy absorption effect of the energy absorption anchor rod is realized, the recycling of the energy absorption anchor rod is realized, and the supporting cost is saved; the real-time monitoring of the energy-absorbing anchor rod is beneficial to taking corresponding measures in time and guaranteeing the safety and stability of the roadway. Therefore, a continuous energy-absorbing anchor rod which is suitable for roadway stability support during high-stress continuous compression is urgently needed, and all components can be monitored in real time and recycled.

In order to effectively solve the above problems, it is highly desirable to provide an energy-absorbing support device and method that can effectively cope with the energy-absorbing failure and the performance problem of the anchoring agent, and can meet the continuous energy-absorbing requirement and be reused for many times.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device and the energy-absorbing supporting device, which have strong supporting capability, obvious energy-absorbing effect, environmental protection and no pollution, can be effectively adapted to the working condition of continuous high-stress compression, can effectively meet the continuous energy-absorbing requirement, and can ensure the stability of roadway supporting; the supporting method has the advantages of ideal supporting effect, good energy absorption effect and good environmental protection effect, has continuous energy absorption capability, can monitor the supporting state in real time, is wholly recyclable and can be reused, can effectively prevent disasters caused by deep high stress to the roadway, and has wide application prospect.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device, which comprises an inner rod body, a round baffle disc, an outer supporting sleeve, a telescopic sleeve, a pressing rod, an umbrella-shaped anchoring head, a sensor, an energy-absorbing tray, a gasket and a nut;

The circular baffle disc is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the front part of the inner rod body, and separates the inner rod body into a front section rod body and a rear section rod body;

the inner diameter of the outer support sleeve is larger than the outer diameter of the inner rod body, the outer support sleeve consists of a front check ring, a front section pipe body, a rear section pipe body and a rear check ring, the inner diameter of the front section pipe body is larger than the inner diameter of the front check ring and larger than the outer diameter of the circular baffle disc, the front end of the front section pipe body is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rear end of the front check ring, a front limit step positioned at the inner side of the outer support sleeve is formed at the joint of the front end and the rear end of the front section pipe body, and the inner diameter of the rear check ring is smaller than the inner diameter of the front section pipe body and smaller than the outer diameter of the circular baffle disc; the rear end of the front section pipe body and the front end of the rear section pipe body are coaxially and fixedly connected to the two opposite sides of the rear check ring, and a rear limit step positioned on the inner side of the outer support sleeve is formed at the joint of the front section pipe body and the rear check ring; six strip-shaped sliding grooves are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the rear part of the rear pipe body; the outer support sleeve is coaxially sleeved outside the inner rod body, the front check ring is slidingly sleeved outside the front section rod body, the rear check ring is slidingly sleeved outside the rear section rod body, the rear check ring is in limit fit with the circular baffle disc through a rear limit step, and when the rear check ring is abutted with the circular baffle disc, the tail end of the rear section pipe body is positioned at the front side of the tail end of the rear section rod body;

The telescopic sleeve consists of an outer fixed sleeve, an inner locking pipe body and a inner sliding pipe body, wherein the outer fixed sleeve consists of a large-diameter section pipe body A positioned at the front side and a small-diameter section pipe body A coaxially connected to the rear end of the large-diameter pipe body, the front end of the large-diameter section pipe body A is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rear end of the rear section pipe body, the outer surface of the small-diameter section pipe body A is provided with an external thread structure, the front end of the small-diameter section pipe body A is circumferentially and alternately provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth, a plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the part of the front section of the small-diameter section pipe body A between the ratchet teeth, each ratchet tooth consists of two continuous wedge-shaped tooth teeth with the same inclined plane direction, and a wedge-shaped clamping groove is formed between every two adjacent wedge-shaped tooth teeth; the inner locking pipe body consists of a large-diameter section pipe body B positioned at the front side and a small-diameter section pipe body B coaxially connected to the rear end of the large-diameter section pipe body B, the outer diameter of the large-diameter section pipe body B is matched with the inner diameter of the large-diameter section pipe body A, the inner diameter of the large-diameter section pipe body B is matched with the outer diameter of an inner rod body, a plurality of locking strip blocks are uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the large-diameter section pipe body B, the plurality of locking strip blocks are matched with a plurality of strip guide grooves, the rear ends of the plurality of locking strip blocks are exposed at the rear side of the rear end of the small-diameter section pipe body B, a plurality of inclined teeth are correspondingly arranged at the rear ends of the plurality of locking strip blocks, the outer diameter of the small-diameter section pipe body B is matched with the inner diameter of the small-diameter section pipe body A, the inner locking pipe body is axially slidably and radially rotatably sleeved outside the tail end of the inner rod body through the large-diameter section pipe body B, meanwhile, the inner locking pipe body is axially slidably inserted into the telescopic sleeve, and the plurality of locking strip blocks are slidably inserted into the plurality of strip guide grooves or meshed with the plurality of inclined teeth at the rear ends of the plurality of strip guide grooves; the outer diameter of the inner sliding tube body is matched with the inner diameter of the small-diameter section tube body A, the inner diameter of the inner sliding tube body is matched with the outer diameter of the small-diameter section tube body B, a plurality of strip-shaped sliding blocks are uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the front section of the inner sliding tube body in a circumferential direction, and a plurality of spur gear teeth are continuously arranged at the front end of the inner sliding tube body in a circumferential direction; the inner sliding tube body is positioned at the rear side of the inner locking tube body, is axially and slidably inserted into the small-diameter section tube body A, a plurality of strip-shaped sliding blocks are correspondingly inserted into a plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves, and a plurality of spur gear teeth at the front end of the inner sliding tube body are meshed and matched with a plurality of bevel gear teeth;

The outer diameter of the pressing rod is smaller than the inner diameter of the small-diameter section pipe body A, the pressing rod is axially slidably inserted into the small-diameter section pipe body A, and the front end of the pressing rod is fixedly sleeved outside the tail end of the inner sliding pipe body;

the umbrella-shaped anchoring head consists of a spring, a front support, a rear support, an anchoring rod, a sliding small sleeve and a supporting rod; the spring is sleeved outside the front section rod body and is positioned on the inner side of the front section pipe body, the front end of the spring is abutted against the front limiting step, the rear end of the spring is abutted against the front end of the circular baffle disc, and six front supports are circumferentially and uniformly fixedly connected to the edge of the rear end of the front check ring; the six rear supports are correspondingly arranged in the six strip-shaped sliding grooves in a sliding manner and are uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer circular surface of the circular baffle disc in the circumferential direction; six anchor rods are circumferentially and uniformly distributed outside the front section of the front section pipe body, and the front ends of the six anchor rods are correspondingly hinged with six front supports; the six sliding small sleeves are respectively and slidably assembled outside the rear sections of the six anchoring rods; six struts are circumferentially and uniformly distributed outside the rear section of the front section pipe body, the rear ends of the six struts are correspondingly hinged with six rear supports, and the front ends of the six struts are correspondingly hinged with six sliding small sleeves;

the sensor is of an annular structure, is sleeved on the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A in a sliding manner, has a function of detecting stress according to self stress change, and simultaneously has a function of detecting displacement change of the energy-absorbing tray according to the change condition of the compression amount of the energy-absorbing tray, and is connected with a signal wire;

The energy-absorbing tray consists of a plurality of honeycomb rigid frames and a plurality of rubber pads; the honeycomb rigid frame consists of an inner circular ring, an outer circular ring and a honeycomb connecting frame, wherein the inner diameter of the inner circular ring is matched with the outer diameter of the small-diameter section pipe body A, the outer circular ring is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the inner circular ring, and the honeycomb connecting frame is connected between the inner circular ring and the outer circular ring; the plurality of honeycomb rigid frames are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axial direction, the plurality of rubber pads are arranged in a plurality of spaces formed by the plurality of honeycomb rigid frames, and two end faces of each rubber pad are respectively connected with the end faces of the outer circular rings in the two adjacent honeycomb rigid frames;

the energy-absorbing tray and the gasket are sleeved on the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A in a sliding manner, and the energy-absorbing tray is connected with the sensor in a fitting manner; the nut is connected to the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A in a threaded fit mode and is connected with the gasket in a fitting mode.

Further, in order to avoid sliding the sleeve from sliding out of the tail end of the anchoring rod, a limiting block is fixedly connected to the tail end of the anchoring rod.

Further, in order to ensure the supporting strength, the umbrella-shaped anchoring heads and the outer supporting sleeve are made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner rod body, the supporting rod, the pressing rod, the telescopic sleeve and the anchoring rod are made of Q235 plain carbon steel.

Furthermore, in order to enable the front end of the inner rod body to smoothly slide into the front retainer ring and the inner part of the front section pipe body and smoothly slide out of the front retainer ring and the inner part of the front section pipe body, the front end of the inner rod body is of a pointed structure.

In the invention, the round baffle disc is fixedly connected to the outer side of the front part of the inner rod body, and six rear supports are uniformly connected to the round baffle disc in the circumferential direction, so that the rear ends of six support rods can be conveniently and movably connected to the six rear supports. The six strip-shaped sliding grooves are formed in the circumferential direction of the rear section of the front section pipe body on the outer support sleeve, the six rear supports can be slidably inserted into the six strip-shaped sliding grooves and then fixedly connected with the circular baffle disc after being sleeved on the inner rod body, so that the axial sliding capacity between the outer support sleeve and the inner rod body can be ensured, and meanwhile, the relative rotation between the outer support sleeve and the inner rod body can be prevented through the radial limiting effect of the six rear supports. The front end of the six anchor rods is movably connected to the front retaining ring on the outer support sleeve, the six sliding small sleeves are slidably sleeved on the rear sections of the six anchor rods, and meanwhile, the front ends of the six support rods are respectively and movably connected with the six sliding small sleeves, so that the six support rods and the six anchor rods can be movably connected, and further, the six sliding small sleeves can slide to different positions on the six anchor rods by changing the relative displacement between the inner rod body and the outer support sleeve, so that umbrella-shaped anchor heads can be in a stretching state or a shrinking state. The front limiting step is formed at the joint of the front section pipe body and the front retainer ring on the outer support sleeve, two ends of the spring sleeved outside the inner rod body are respectively abutted against the front limiting step and the round retainer plate, and elastic restoring force can be provided between the inner rod body and the outer support sleeve by the spring, so that after the inner rod body slides towards the bottom of a hole relative to the outer support sleeve, the inner rod body can be automatically pushed towards the direction of the hole through the action of elastic force, and the reset action of the inner rod body can be automatically realized. The rear limit step is formed at the joint of the front section pipe body and the rear check ring on the outer support sleeve, so that the limit action between the rear limit step and the circular baffle disc can be conveniently utilized to limit the maximum sliding travel of the inner rod body to the direction of the orifice. The large-diameter section pipe body A of the outer fixed sleeve is fixedly connected to the rear end of the rear section pipe body, so that the outer fixed sleeve and the outer support sleeve which are fixedly connected can be conveniently used as a main bearing rod body of the support device, and meanwhile, the axial sliding space of the inner rod body can be ensured. The front end of the small-diameter section pipe body A of the outer fixed sleeve is provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth, each ratchet tooth is composed of two wedge-shaped teeth which are arranged continuously, a wedge-shaped clamping groove is formed between the two wedge-shaped teeth, a plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves are formed between the plurality of ratchet teeth, simultaneously, a plurality of locking strip blocks are fixedly and uniformly connected to the outer side of the large-diameter section pipe body B of the inner locking pipe body, a plurality of inclined plane teeth are arranged at the rear end of each locking strip block, so that the plurality of locking strip blocks can slide into the plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves, the inner rod can move a certain distance towards an orifice part relative to the outer support sleeve under the action of a spring, the circular retaining disc and the front retaining ring can reach a distance which meets the shrinkage state, the umbrella-shaped anchoring head can restore to the shrinkage state, and simultaneously, the plurality of inclined plane teeth can be meshed with the plurality of wedge-shaped clamping grooves in the plurality of ratchet teeth, the inner rod can move a certain distance towards the bottom of the hole of the outer support sleeve, and the distance between the circular retaining disc and the front retaining ring can be converted into the expansion state. The outer side of the front section of the inner sliding tube body is uniformly and fixedly connected with a plurality of strip-shaped sliding blocks, the strip-shaped sliding blocks are slidably inserted into a plurality of outer strip-shaped guide grooves, a plurality of tooth teeth are continuously arranged at the front end of the inner sliding tube body, and the tooth teeth can act on a plurality of inclined plane teeth at the tail end of the inner locking tube body conveniently through the tooth teeth of the inner sliding tube body. The pressing rod is axially slidably inserted into the small-diameter section pipe body A, the front end of the pressing rod is fixedly sleeved outside the tail end of the inner sliding pipe body, the inner sliding pipe body can be conveniently pressed towards the direction of the hole bottom, and the inner locking pipe body and the inner rod body can be conveniently pushed to move towards the direction of the hole bottom relative to the outer supporting sleeve pipe through the inner locking pipe body, so that the umbrella-shaped anchoring head can be conveniently driven to be converted into a propped-open state from a contracted state or converted into a contracted state from the propped-open state, the change of the supporting state can be automatically controlled only through the pressing rod, the automatic supporting process is remarkably improved, and the construction steps are effectively simplified. The external thread structure is arranged on the outer surface of the small-diameter section pipe body A, so that a sensor, an energy absorption tray, a gasket and a nut can be conveniently assembled on the external surface of the small-diameter section pipe body A, and further, the anchoring operation of the supporting device can be conveniently realized. The sensor is of an annular structure and is assembled on the front side of the energy-absorbing tray, so that the stress change condition of surrounding rock can be sensed in real time through the change condition of self stress in the process of acting with the surrounding rock, meanwhile, the compression change condition of the energy-absorbing tray can be sensed in real time through the mode of matching with the energy-absorbing tray, the energy-absorbing condition of the energy-absorbing tray can be mastered in real time, the failure condition of the energy-absorbing tray can be found in time, timely taking of remedial supporting measures is facilitated, and the safety and stability of a roadway are guaranteed. The energy-absorbing tray consists of a plurality of honeycomb-shaped rigid frames and a plurality of rubber pads, so that the energy-absorbing effect of the energy-absorbing tray can be obviously improved through the plurality of rubber pads while the sufficient rigidity of the energy-absorbing tray is ensured. The honeycomb rigid frame consists of the inner circular ring, the outer circular ring and the honeycomb connecting frame, so that the honeycomb rigid frame can have enough compression resistance, and further the rigidity of the energy absorption tray can be guaranteed to meet the support requirement. Because the umbrella-shaped anchoring head has radial expansion capability under the state of being opened, the umbrella-shaped anchoring head can be expanded and deformed at the periphery of the front section pipe body in a mode of inwards pushing the inner rod body only by assembling the umbrella-shaped anchoring head at the head end of the supporting device and then placing the umbrella-shaped anchoring head in a drilling hole, and then the umbrella-shaped anchoring head can be tightly embedded into surrounding rock, so that the anchoring supporting effect is remarkably improved. The reliable installation of the supporting device can be realized on the basis of not using the anchoring agent through the umbrella-shaped anchoring head, and the supporting effect can be effectively ensured, so that the problem of easy anchor release caused by the non-ideal performance of the anchoring agent is effectively solved, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by chemical substances in the anchoring agent is effectively avoided. Because the energy-absorbing tray located at the hole opening is used as the main energy-absorbing component, the energy-absorbing tray can be conveniently removed and replaced after the energy-absorbing tray fails, so that the supporting cost is effectively saved. The device has strong supporting capability, obvious energy absorption effect, environmental protection and no pollution, is convenient for realizing automatic supporting, has strong reusability, can be effectively adapted to the working condition of continuous compression of high stress, can effectively meet continuous energy absorption requirement, can ensure the stability of roadway supporting, and has wide application prospect.

The invention also provides an energy-absorbing supporting method, which adopts a recyclable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device and comprises the following steps:

step one: drilling holes in the surrounding rock surface of the roadway area to be supported, and ensuring that the hole diameter of the drilling holes is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the umbrella-shaped anchoring heads in the contracted state;

step two: pushing the reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device into the drill hole, ensuring that the umbrella-shaped anchoring head support reaches the bottom of the drill hole, and simultaneously ensuring that the small-diameter section pipe body A is exposed out of the hole opening of the drill hole for a certain length;

step three: the sensor, the energy absorbing tray, the gasket and the nut are sleeved on the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A exposed at the hole opening of the drill hole in sequence;

step four: the method comprises the steps of manually pressing a pressing rod towards the hole bottom direction once, pushing the inner sliding pipe body and the inner rod body to slide towards the hole bottom direction relative to the outer supporting sleeve through the pressing rod, compressing a spring, pushing the rear support to a direction close to the front support, expanding the plurality of support rods towards the periphery by utilizing the movement of the rear support, driving the plurality of sliding small sleeves to slide towards the front sections of the plurality of anchoring rods, expanding the plurality of anchoring rods towards the periphery, enabling the expanded umbrella-shaped anchoring heads to be embedded into surrounding rocks to a certain depth, and generating larger friction force;

During pressing the pressing rod, the front end of the inner sliding pipe body is utilized to push out a plurality of locking strip blocks positioned in a plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves towards the direction of the hole bottom, when the plurality of locking strip blocks are pushed out of the plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves, the inner locking pipe body is guided to radially rotate by an angle through the meshing action of a plurality of positive tooth teeth at the front end of the inner sliding pipe body and a plurality of inclined tooth teeth at the rear end of the plurality of locking strip blocks, so that the plurality of locking strip blocks rotate to a state of being staggered with the plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves and the plurality of inclined tooth teeth are relatively aligned with the plurality of ratchet teeth, after the pressing force is removed, the inner rod body and the inner sliding pipe body are pushed to move towards the direction of the hole through the reset elastic force of the spring, and then the plurality of inclined tooth teeth at the rear end of the plurality of locking strip blocks are contacted with a plurality of ratchet tooth teeth at the front end of the small-diameter section pipe body A, and slide into the wedge-shaped clamping groove in a sliding fit mode in the process that the inclined tooth teeth are contacted with the wedge tooth teeth in the corresponding ratchet tooth teeth, so that the state is stretched;

step five: the nut is rotated by the lockset, so that the sensor is tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock at the orifice, a larger anchoring force is generated at the head end of the supporting device, when the torque force increases to a smaller extent, the umbrella-shaped anchoring head achieves the optimal anchoring effect, the nut is stopped from rotating, and the anchoring construction operation of the single recyclable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device is completed;

Step six: adopting a certain interval and row spacing to complete the anchoring and supporting operation of the complete surrounding rock of the whole roadway;

step seven: in the supporting process, monitoring the stress value and the displacement variation in the supporting process;

connecting the signal wire of each recyclable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device with monitoring equipment in a ground monitoring center, acquiring stress signals of each recyclable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device and compression signals of an energy-absorbing tray in real time by using a sensor, and sending the stress signals and the compression signals to the monitoring equipment; the monitoring equipment obtains stress data of the supporting device in the supporting process through the received stress signals, obtains compression deformation data of the energy-absorbing tray in the supporting process through the received compression quantity signals, and displays the compression deformation data in real time through a display screen connected with the energy-absorbing tray;

step eight: technicians grasp surrounding rock deformation conditions and energy absorption effects of the energy absorption trays in real time according to the displayed monitoring data; when the surface displacement with larger variation is generated due to the high stress action of surrounding rock in a certain area of the roadway, and the energy-absorbing tray is compressed and deformed under the continuous high stress action, secondary anchoring and supporting operation is carried out, so that the repeated energy-absorbing and supporting operation is realized under the condition that the inner rod body is not taken out;

S81: the nut on the failure supporting device is rotated and taken down, and then the washer, the deformed energy absorbing tray and the sensor are sequentially taken out;

s82: if the deformed energy-absorbing tray can be restored to the initial state within a certain time under the combined action of a plurality of rubber pads and a plurality of honeycomb-shaped rigid frames, the energy-absorbing tray is reused; if the deformed energy-absorbing tray cannot be restored to the initial state, replacing a new energy-absorbing tray;

s83: flattening the rock body with the outer convex surrounding rock surface due to deformation, and sleeving a sensor, an energy absorption tray, a gasket and a nut on the small-diameter section pipe body A in sequence;

s84: tightening the nut by using the lockset, and reapplying the pretightening force to ensure that the umbrella-shaped anchoring head reappears larger anchoring force;

step nine: after the roadway finishes a preset service period, recycling the supporting device;

s91: the nut is rotated and taken down, and then the gasket, the energy absorption tray and the sensor are sequentially taken down;

s92: the inner rod body and the inner sliding tube body move towards the hole bottom under the action of reset elasticity of the spring after the pressing force is removed, the plurality of locking strip blocks slide into the plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves, the rear support seat moves to a position far away from the front support seat, the plurality of support rods are driven to shrink inwards by the movement of the rear support seat, the plurality of sliding small sleeves are driven to slide towards the rear ends of the plurality of anchor rods, and the plurality of anchor rods are further driven to shrink inwards, so that the umbrella-shaped anchor head is shrunk to an initial state;

S93: after the umbrella-shaped anchor head is contracted to an initial state, the supporting device is taken out of the drill hole;

s94: repeatedly executing S91 to S93, sequentially taking out the supporting devices in the whole roadway, and completing the whole recovery operation of each supporting device so as to be reused in the next supporting operation;

step ten: and the step one to the step nine are repeated, stable control of roadway surrounding rock under the action of high stress is realized, corresponding components are recycled, and supporting materials are effectively saved while supporting effects are improved.

The method replaces the traditional anchoring method by using the anchoring agent from the angles of high supporting performance, continuous energy absorption, real-time monitoring and environmental protection, adopts an umbrella-shaped anchoring head with an expansion function and surrounding rock extrusion friction type anchoring mode, further can realize reliable installation of the anchor rod without the anchoring agent, and can effectively ensure the supporting effect, thus not only effectively solving the problem of easy anchor release caused by unsatisfactory performance of the anchoring agent, but also effectively avoiding the problem of groundwater pollution caused by chemical substances in the anchoring agent. The sensor with the synchronous monitoring function on the compression amount of the energy-absorbing tray and the stress of the surrounding rock is arranged at the tail end of the external fixed sleeve, the supporting effect of the supporting device and the stress characteristic of the surrounding rock under the action of high-stress pressure can be monitored in real time, the unmanned monitoring technology in the energy-absorbing anchor bolt supporting process is realized, the periodic inspection of personnel is effectively reduced, and the safety coefficient of the operating personnel is improved. Meanwhile, when high stress is applied, the energy absorption effect of the supporting device can be judged by monitoring the deformation condition of the energy absorption tray and the stress condition of the energy absorption tray, so that the monitoring process is effectively simplified, and corresponding prevention and control measures can be conveniently and timely adopted. Because the energy-absorbing tray has set up in the drill way position, like this, after energy-absorbing tray warp inefficacy, can just can remove the operation to the energy-absorbing tray under the condition of not changing the body of rod, simultaneously, can be convenient for change new energy-absorbing tray, and then can realize the purpose of energy-absorbing many times. Before the energy absorbing tray is replaced, surrounding rocks at the orifice are flattened, so that the supporting effect can be effectively ensured. Because umbrella-shaped anchor head can be converted in the state of strutting and shrink state, like this, behind roadway support structure, just through pushing the mode of pressing the pole can be converted into the shrink state with umbrella-shaped anchor head, and then can take out all components of strutting arrangement conveniently, can realize the zero extravagant reuse process of strutting arrangement, greatly practiced thrift the supporting cost. The supporting method has the advantages of ideal supporting effect, good energy absorption effect and good environmental protection effect, has continuous energy absorption capability, can monitor the supporting state in real time, can be recycled as a whole, realizes the stable control of surrounding rocks of the roadway, and has the environment-friendly supporting concept, can effectively prevent disasters brought by deep high stress to the roadway, and has wide application prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a state that a supporting device supports surrounding rock in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the support device of the present invention in a naturally contracted state;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the support device of the present invention without the sensor, energy absorbing tray, backing plate and nut assembled;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the assembly of the umbrella anchor with the inner rod body and outer support sleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the assembly of the inner rod, spring, circular catch plate, rear mount, strut and sliding sleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the assembly of the outer support sleeve, front mount and anchor rod of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the split construction of the telescopic tube of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the assembly of a small diameter section B and a small diameter section A of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of an energy absorbing tray of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of the structure of the honeycomb rigid frame of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. surrounding rock; 2. drilling holes; 3. the inner rod body, 31, the round baffle disc, 32, the rear rod body, 33 and the front rod body; 4. the outer support sleeve comprises an outer support sleeve, 41, a rear retainer ring, 42, a strip-shaped sliding groove, 43, a front section pipe body, 44, a rear section pipe body, 45, a front limit step, 46, a rear limit step, 47 and a front retainer ring; 5. umbrella-shaped anchor head, 51, anchor rod, 52, sliding small sleeve, 53, front support, 54, rear support, 55, strut, 56 and spring; 6. pressing a pressing rod; 7. a sensor; 8. a sensing wire; 9. the energy-absorbing tray, 91, the honeycomb rigid frame, 92, the inner circular ring, 93, the rubber pad, 94, the outer circular ring, 95 and the honeycomb connecting frame; 10. a gasket; 11. a nut; 12. the telescopic sleeve comprises a telescopic sleeve body, 120, a small-diameter section pipe body B,121, an inner locking pipe body, 122, a strip-shaped guide groove, 123, a sliding pipe body, 1231, an orthodontic tooth, 124, an outer fixed sleeve body, 125, a strip-shaped sliding block, 126, a locking strip block, 1261, an inclined tooth, 127, a large-diameter section pipe body A,128, a small-diameter section pipe body A,1281, a ratchet tooth, 1282, a wedge tooth, 1283, a wedge-shaped clamping groove, 129 and a large-diameter section pipe body B; 13. an external thread structure.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the invention provides a reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device, which comprises an inner rod body 3, a circular baffle disc 31, an outer supporting sleeve 4, a telescopic sleeve 12, a pressing rod 6, an umbrella-shaped anchoring head 5, a sensor 7, an energy-absorbing tray 9, a gasket 10 and a nut 11;

the circular baffle disc 31 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the front part of the inner rod body 3, and divides the inner rod body 3 into a front section rod body 33 and a rear section rod body 32;

the inner diameter of the outer support sleeve 4 is larger than the outer diameter of the inner rod body 3, the outer support sleeve 4 consists of a front check ring 47, a front section pipe body 43, a rear section pipe body 44 and a rear check ring 41, the inner diameter of the front section pipe body 43 is larger than the inner diameter of the front check ring 47 and larger than the outer diameter of the round baffle disc 31, the front end of the front section pipe body 43 is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rear end of the front check ring 47, a front limit step 45 positioned on the inner side of the outer support sleeve is formed at the joint of the front limit step and the rear limit step, and the inner diameter of the rear check ring 41 is smaller than the inner diameter of the front section pipe body 43 and smaller than the outer diameter of the round baffle disc 31; the rear end of the front pipe body 43 and the front end of the rear pipe body 44 are coaxially and fixedly connected to the two opposite sides of the rear retainer ring 41, and a rear limit step 46 positioned on the inner side of the outer support sleeve is formed at the joint of the front pipe body 43 and the rear retainer ring 41; six strip-shaped sliding grooves 42 are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the rear part of the rear pipe body 44; the outer support sleeve 4 is coaxially sleeved outside the inner rod body 3, the front check ring 47 is slidingly sleeved outside the front section rod body 33, the rear check ring 41 is slidingly sleeved outside the rear section rod body 32, the rear check ring 41 is in limit fit with the circular baffle disc 31 through the rear limit step 46, and when the rear check ring 41 is abutted against the circular baffle disc 31, the tail end of the rear section pipe body 44 is positioned at the front side of the tail end of the rear section rod body 32;

The telescopic sleeve 12 is composed of an outer fixed sleeve 124, an inner locking pipe body 121 and an inner sliding pipe body 123, the outer fixed sleeve 124 is composed of a large-diameter section pipe body A127 positioned at the front side and a small-diameter section pipe body A128 coaxially connected to the rear end of the large-diameter pipe body 127, the front end of the large-diameter section pipe body A127 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rear end of the rear section pipe body 44, an external thread structure 13 is arranged on the outer surface of the small-diameter section pipe body A128, a plurality of ratchet teeth 1281 are circumferentially arranged at intervals at the front end of the small-diameter section pipe body A128, a plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves 122 are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the part of the front section of the small-diameter section pipe body A128 among the ratchet teeth 1281, each ratchet tooth 1281 is composed of two continuous wedge-shaped teeth 1282 with the same inclined plane direction, a wedge-shaped clamping groove 1283 is formed between every two adjacent wedge-shaped teeth 1282, and the inclined planes of all wedge-shaped teeth 1282 positioned at the front end of the small-diameter section pipe body A128 are identical; the inner locking pipe body 121 is composed of a large-diameter pipe body B129 positioned on the front side and a small-diameter pipe body B120 coaxially connected to the rear end of the large-diameter pipe body B129, the outer diameter of the large-diameter pipe body B129 is matched with the inner diameter of the large-diameter pipe body A127, the inner diameter of the large-diameter pipe body B129 is matched with the outer diameter of the inner rod body 3, a plurality of locking strip blocks 126 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the large-diameter pipe body B129, the plurality of locking strip blocks 126 are matched with the plurality of strip guide grooves 122, the rear end of each locking strip block 126 is exposed to the rear side of the rear end of the small-diameter pipe body B120, a plurality of inclined plane teeth 1261 are correspondingly arranged at the rear end of each locking strip block 126, the inclined plane teeth 1261 are engaged with each wedge tooth 1282 in a sliding mode, the outer diameter of the small-diameter pipe body B120 is matched with the inner diameter pipe body A128 in a matching mode, the inner diameter of the large-diameter pipe body A128 can axially slide through the plurality of locking strip blocks 121, the inner diameter pipe body A128 is sleeved with the inner diameter of the inner rod body A128, or the inner diameter of the plurality of locking strip pipe body A128 can slide axially, and the inner diameter of the inner rod body A128 is sleeved with the inner diameter of the small-end of the small-diameter pipe body A128 is matched with the inner diameter of the small-end of the small-diameter pipe body A128, and the inner diameter pipe body A is matched with the inner diameter of the inner rod body A, and the inner diameter of the inner rod body is matched with the inner diameter of the inner rod body is provided with the inner pipe body, and the inner pipe body is provided with the inner pipe body; the outer diameter of the inner sliding tube 123 is adapted to the inner diameter of the small-diameter tube a128, the inner diameter thereof is adapted to the outer diameter of the small-diameter tube B120, a plurality of bar-shaped sliding blocks 125 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the front section of the inner sliding tube 123, and a plurality of spur teeth 1231 are continuously arranged at the front end of the inner sliding tube 123 in circumference; the inner sliding tube 123 is located at the rear side of the inner locking tube 121 and is axially slidably inserted into the small-diameter section tube A128, a plurality of strip-shaped sliding blocks 125 are correspondingly inserted into a plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves 122, and a plurality of spur gear teeth 1231 at the front end of the inner sliding tube 123 are meshed and matched with a plurality of bevel gear teeth 1261;

The outer diameter of the pressing rod 6 is smaller than the inner diameter of the small-diameter section pipe body A128, the pressing rod is axially slidably inserted into the small-diameter section pipe body A128, and the front end of the pressing rod is fixedly sleeved outside the tail end of the inner sliding pipe body 123;

the umbrella-shaped anchoring head 5 consists of a spring 56, a front support 53, a rear support 54, an anchoring rod 51, a small sliding sleeve 52 and a supporting rod 55; the spring 56 is sleeved outside the front section rod body 33 and is positioned on the inner side of the front section tube body 43, the front end of the spring 56 is abutted against the front limiting step 45, the rear end of the spring 56 is abutted against the front end of the circular baffle disc 31, and the six front supports 53 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the edges of the rear ends of the front check rings 47 in the circumferential direction; the six rear supports 54 are correspondingly and slidably arranged in the six strip-shaped sliding grooves 42 and are uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer circular surface of the circular baffle disc 31 in the circumferential direction; six anchor rods 51 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed outside the front section of the front section pipe body 43, and the front ends of the six anchor rods are correspondingly hinged with six front supports 53; six small sliding sleeves 52 are respectively and slidably assembled outside the rear sections of the six anchor rods 51; six struts 55 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed outside the rear section of the front section pipe body 43, the rear ends of the six struts are correspondingly hinged with six rear supports 54, and the front ends of the six struts are correspondingly hinged with six small sliding sleeves 52;

The sensor 7 is of an annular structure, is sleeved on the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A128 in a sliding manner, has a function of detecting stress according to self stress change, and simultaneously has a function of detecting displacement change of the energy-absorbing tray 9 according to the change condition of compression of the energy-absorbing tray 9, and is connected with the signal wire 8;

the energy absorbing tray 9 is composed of a plurality of honeycomb rigid frames 91 and a plurality of rubber pads 93; the honeycomb rigid frame 91 is composed of an inner circular ring 92, an outer circular ring 94 and a honeycomb connecting frame 95, wherein the inner diameter of the inner circular ring 92 is matched with the outer diameter of the small-diameter section pipe body A128, the outer circular ring 94 is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the inner circular ring 92, and the honeycomb connecting frame 95 is connected between the inner circular ring 92 and the outer circular ring 94; the plurality of honeycomb rigid frames 91 are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axial direction, the plurality of rubber pads 93 are arranged in a plurality of spaces formed by the plurality of honeycomb rigid frames 91, and two end surfaces of each rubber pad 93 are respectively connected with the end surfaces of the outer circular rings 94 in the two adjacent honeycomb rigid frames 91;

the energy-absorbing tray 9 and the gasket 10 are slidably sleeved on the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A128, and the energy-absorbing tray 9 is in fit connection with the sensor 7; the nut 11 is connected to the outside of the small-diameter pipe body a128 by screw fitting, and is attached to the washer 10.

In order to prevent the sliding small sleeve from sliding out of the tail end of the anchoring rod, a limiting block is fixedly connected to the tail end of the anchoring rod 51.

In order to ensure the supporting strength, the umbrella-shaped anchoring head 5 and the outer supporting sleeve 4 are made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner rod body 3, the supporting rod 55, the pressing rod 6, the telescopic sleeve 12 and the anchoring rod 51 are made of Q235 plain carbon steel.

In order to enable the front end of the inner rod body to smoothly slide into the front retainer ring and the front section pipe body and smoothly slide out of the front retainer ring and the front section pipe body, the front end of the inner rod body is of a pointed structure.

step one: drilling holes 2 are punched in the surface of surrounding rock 1 of a roadway area to be supported, and the bore diameter of the drilling holes 2 is ensured to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the umbrella-shaped anchor heads 5 in a contracted state;

step two: pushing the reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device into the drilling hole 2, ensuring that the umbrella-shaped anchoring head 5 branches reach the bottom of the drilling hole 2, and simultaneously ensuring that the small-diameter section pipe body A128 is exposed out of the hole opening of the drilling hole 2 for a certain length;

step three: the sensor 7, the energy absorbing tray 9, the gasket 10 and the nut 11 are sleeved on the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A128 exposed at the orifice of the drilling hole 2 in sequence;

step four: the inner support sleeve 4 is provided with a plurality of supporting rods 33, a plurality of sliding small sleeves 35 are driven to slide towards the front sections of the plurality of anchoring rods 51 by the movement of the rear support 54, the plurality of anchoring rods 51 are further spread towards the periphery, so that the spread umbrella-shaped anchoring heads 5 are embedded into surrounding rocks 1 to a certain depth, and larger friction force is generated;

During the pressing of the pressing rod 6, the front end of the inner sliding tube 123 is utilized to push out the plurality of locking bar blocks 126 positioned in the plurality of bar-shaped guide grooves 122 towards the hole bottom direction, when the plurality of locking bar blocks 126 are pushed out of the plurality of bar-shaped guide grooves 122, the inner locking tube 121 is guided to radially rotate by an angle through the meshing action of the plurality of positive tooth teeth 1231 at the front end of the inner sliding tube 123 and the plurality of inclined tooth teeth 1261 at the rear end of the plurality of locking bar blocks 126, so that the plurality of locking bar blocks 126 are rotated to a state of being staggered with the plurality of bar-shaped guide grooves 122, the plurality of inclined tooth teeth 1261 are aligned with the plurality of ratchet tooth 1281 relatively, after the pressing force is removed, the inner rod 3 and the inner sliding tube 123 are pushed towards the hole opening direction through the reset elastic force action of the spring 56, and then the plurality of inclined tooth 1261 at the rear end of the plurality of locking bar blocks 126 are contacted with the plurality of ratchet tooth 1281 at the front end of the small-diameter tube A128, and in a wedge-shaped contact state of the inclined tooth 1283 is realized in a sliding manner in the wedge-shaped manner of the wedge-shaped contact of the inclined tooth 1281 and the corresponding ratchet tooth 1282;

step five: the nut 11 is rotated by the lockset, so that the sensor 7 is tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock 1 at the orifice, a larger anchoring force is generated at the head end of the supporting device, when the torque force increases to a smaller extent, the umbrella-shaped anchoring head 5 achieves the optimal anchoring effect, the nut 11 is stopped from rotating, and the anchoring construction operation of the single recyclable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device is completed;

Step six: adopting a certain interval and row spacing to complete the anchoring and supporting operation of the whole roadway complete surrounding rock 1;

connecting a signal wire 8 of each reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device with monitoring equipment in a ground monitoring center, acquiring stress signals of each reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device and compression quantity signals of an energy-absorbing tray 9 in real time by using a sensor 7, and sending the stress signals and the compression quantity signals to the monitoring equipment; the monitoring equipment obtains stress data of the supporting device in the supporting process through the received stress signals, obtains compression deformation data of the energy-absorbing tray 9 in the supporting process through the received compression quantity signals, and displays the compression deformation data in real time through a display screen connected with the compression deformation data;

step eight: when the surrounding rock is subjected to high stress, the surface of the surrounding rock 1 of the roadway is subjected to bulge deformation, and the sensor 7 can acquire and record the high stress value of the surrounding rock 1; then, the force generated on the surface of the surrounding rock 1 acts on the energy-absorbing tray 9, and the energy-absorbing tray 9 is stressed to generate a compression deformation trend; when high stress continuously acts, the surface displacement variation of the surrounding rock 1 is increased, the energy-absorbing tray 9 is stressed and gradually compressed and deformed, the axial length of the energy-absorbing tray 9 is reduced, and the sensor 7 acquires and records the deformation of the surrounding rock and the compression of the energy-absorbing tray 9;

Technicians grasp deformation conditions of surrounding rock 1 and energy absorption effects of energy absorption trays 9 in real time according to the displayed monitoring data; when the surrounding rock 1 in a certain area of the roadway is monitored to be subjected to high stress to generate surface displacement with larger variation, and the energy-absorbing tray 9 is compressed and deformed under the continuous high stress, secondary anchoring and supporting operation is performed, so that multiple energy-absorbing and supporting operations are realized under the condition that the inner rod body 3 is not taken out;

s81: the nut 11 on the failure support device is rotated and taken down, and then the gasket 10, the deformed energy absorbing tray 9 and the sensor 7 are sequentially taken out;

s82: if the deformed energy-absorbing tray 9 can be restored to the original state within a certain time under the combined action of the plurality of rubber pads 93 and the plurality of honeycomb-shaped rigid frames 91, the energy-absorbing tray 9 is reused; if the deformed energy-absorbing tray 9 cannot be restored to the original state, replacing a new energy-absorbing tray 9;

s83: flattening the rock body protruding out of the surrounding rock 1 due to deformation, and sleeving a sensor 7, an energy absorption tray 9, a gasket 10 and a nut 11 on the small-diameter section pipe body A128 in sequence;

s84: the nut 11 is screwed by the lockset, and the pretightening force is reapplied, so that the umbrella-shaped anchoring head 5 generates larger anchoring force again;

s91: the nut 11 is rotated and removed, and then the gasket 10, the energy absorption tray 9 and the sensor 7 are sequentially removed;

s92: the inner locking pipe body 121 is jacked up by pushing the inner sliding pipe body 123 to move towards the hole bottom direction through pushing the inner sliding pipe body 123 by manually pushing the pressing rod 6 once towards the hole bottom direction, the inner locking pipe body 121 is guided to radially rotate by an angle through the meshing action of the plurality of right-angle gear teeth 1231 and the plurality of inclined plane gear teeth 1261, the plurality of locking bar blocks 126 are further rotated to be in a state of being opposite to the plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves 122, the plurality of inclined plane gear teeth 1261 are staggered with the plurality of ratchet teeth 1281, after the pressing force is removed, the inner rod body 3 and the inner sliding pipe body 123 are moved towards the hole bottom direction under the reset elastic force of the spring 56, the plurality of locking bar blocks 126 are further slid into the plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves 122, the rear support 54 is moved to a position far away from the front support 53, the plurality of support rods 33 are driven to shrink inwards by the movement of the rear support 54, the plurality of sliding small sleeves 35 are driven to slide towards the rear ends of the plurality of sliding anchor bars 51, and the plurality of anchor bars 51 are further driven to shrink inwards, so that the umbrella-shaped anchor heads 5 are driven to shrink inwards, and the initial anchor heads 5 are contracted inwards;

S93: after the umbrella-shaped anchor head 5 is contracted to an initial state, the supporting device is taken out of the drilling hole 2;

step ten: and the steps one to nine are repeated, so that stable control of the roadway surrounding rock 1 under the action of high stress is realized, corresponding components are recycled, and the supporting material is effectively saved while the supporting effect is improved.

In the sixth step, the row spacing of the multiple rows of supporting devices along the length direction of the whole roadway is 1000mm, and the interval between two adjacent supporting devices in each row of supporting devices is 800mm.

Claims

1. The energy-absorbing automatic supporting device capable of being recycled comprises an inner rod body (3); the energy-absorbing device is characterized by further comprising a circular baffle disc (31), an outer support sleeve (4), a telescopic sleeve (12), a pressing rod (6), an umbrella-shaped anchoring head (5), a sensor (7), an energy-absorbing tray (9), a gasket (10) and a nut (11);

the round baffle disc (31) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the front part of the inner rod body (3), and separates the inner rod body (3) into a front section rod body (33) and a rear section rod body (32);

the inner diameter of the outer support sleeve (4) is larger than the outer diameter of the inner rod body (3), the outer support sleeve (4) consists of a front check ring (47), a front section pipe body (43), a rear section pipe body (44) and a rear check ring (41), the inner diameter of the front section pipe body (43) is larger than the inner diameter of the front check ring (47) and larger than the outer diameter of the circular baffle disc (31), the front end of the front section pipe body (43) is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rear end of the front check ring (47), a front limit step (45) positioned at the inner side of the outer support sleeve (4) is formed at the joint of the front limit step and the rear limit step, and the inner diameter of the rear check ring (41) is smaller than the inner diameter of the front section pipe body (43) and smaller than the outer diameter of the circular baffle disc (31); the rear end of the front pipe body (43) and the front end of the rear pipe body (44) are coaxially and fixedly connected to the two opposite sides of the rear check ring (41), and a rear limit step (46) positioned at the inner side of the outer support sleeve (4) is formed at the joint of the front pipe body (43) and the rear check ring (41); six strip-shaped sliding grooves (42) are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the rear part of the rear pipe body (44); the outer support sleeve (4) is coaxially sleeved outside the inner rod body (3), the front check ring (47) is slidingly sleeved outside the front section rod body (33), the rear check ring (41) is slidingly sleeved outside the rear section rod body (32), the rear check ring (41) is in limit fit with the circular baffle disc (31) through a rear limit step (46), and when the rear check ring (41) is abutted against the circular baffle disc (31), the tail end of the rear section pipe body (44) is positioned at the front side of the tail end of the rear section rod body (32);

The telescopic sleeve (12) consists of an outer fixed sleeve (124), an inner locking pipe body (121) and an inner sliding pipe body (123), the outer fixed sleeve (124) consists of a large-diameter section pipe body A (127) positioned at the front side and a small-diameter section pipe body A (128) coaxially connected to the rear end of the large-diameter pipe body (127), the front end of the large-diameter section pipe body A (127) is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rear end of the rear section pipe body (44), an outer thread structure (13) is arranged on the outer surface of the small-diameter section pipe body A (128), a plurality of ratchet teeth (1281) are circumferentially arranged at intervals at the front end of the small-diameter section pipe body A (128), a plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves (122) are uniformly formed in the circumferential direction of the part of the front section of the small-diameter section pipe body A (128) between the ratchet teeth (1281), each ratchet tooth (1281) consists of two continuous wedge teeth (1282) with the same inclined plane direction, and a wedge-shaped clamping groove (1283) is formed between every two adjacent wedge teeth (1282); the inner locking pipe body (121) consists of a large-diameter section pipe body B (129) positioned at the front side and a small-diameter section pipe body B (120) coaxially connected at the rear end of the large-diameter section pipe body B (129), the outer diameter of the large-diameter section pipe body B (129) is matched with the inner diameter of a large-diameter section pipe body A (127), the inner diameter of the large-diameter section pipe body B (129) is matched with the outer diameter of an inner rod body (3), a plurality of locking strip blocks (126) are uniformly and fixedly connected with the outer circumference of the large-diameter section pipe body B (129), the plurality of locking strip blocks (126) are matched with a plurality of strip guide grooves (122), the rear end of each locking strip block (126) is exposed at the rear side of the rear end of the small-diameter section pipe body B (120), a plurality of inclined tooth teeth (1261) are correspondingly arranged at the rear end of each locking strip block (126), the outer diameter of the small-diameter section pipe body B (120) is matched with the inner diameter of the small-section pipe body A (128), the inner locking strip block (121) passes through the large-diameter section pipe body B (129) and can be axially slidably inserted into the inner rod body (12) in the plurality of strip guide grooves (122), the inner locking strip pipe body (121) can be axially slidably sleeved at the same time, or a plurality of inclined plane teeth (1261) at the rear end of the locking bar blocks (126) are meshed and matched with a plurality of wedge-shaped clamping grooves (1283) at the front end of the small-diameter section pipe body A (128); the outer diameter of the inner sliding tube body (123) is matched with the inner diameter of the small-diameter section tube body A (128), the inner diameter of the inner sliding tube body is matched with the outer diameter of the small-diameter section tube body B (120), a plurality of strip-shaped sliding blocks (125) are uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the front section of the inner sliding tube body (123), and a plurality of spur gear teeth (1231) are continuously arranged at the front end of the inner sliding tube body (123) in the circumferential direction; the inner sliding tube body (123) is positioned at the rear side of the inner locking tube body (121), and is axially and slidably inserted into the small-diameter section tube body A (128), a plurality of strip-shaped sliding blocks (125) are correspondingly inserted into a plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves (122), and a plurality of positive gear teeth (1231) at the front end of the inner sliding tube body (123) are meshed and matched with a plurality of inclined plane teeth (1261);

The outer diameter of the pressing rod (6) is smaller than the inner diameter of the small-diameter section pipe body A (128), the pressing rod is axially slidably inserted into the small-diameter section pipe body A (128), and the front end of the pressing rod is fixedly sleeved outside the tail end of the inner sliding pipe body (123);

the umbrella-shaped anchoring head (5) consists of a spring (56), a front support (53), a rear support (54), an anchoring rod (51), a sliding small sleeve (52) and a supporting rod (55); the spring (56) is sleeved outside the front section rod body (33) and is positioned on the inner side of the front section pipe body (43), the front end of the spring (56) is abutted against the front limiting step (45), the rear end of the spring is abutted against the front end of the circular baffle disc (31), and six front supports (53) are circumferentially and uniformly fixedly connected to the edges of the rear ends of the front check rings (47); the six rear supports (54) are correspondingly arranged in the six strip-shaped sliding grooves (42) in a sliding manner, and are uniformly and fixedly connected to the outer circular surface of the circular baffle disc (31) in the circumferential direction; six anchor rods (51) are circumferentially and uniformly distributed outside the front section of the front section pipe body (43), and the front ends of the six anchor rods are correspondingly hinged with six front supports (53); six sliding small sleeves (52) are respectively and slidably assembled outside the rear sections of the six anchor rods (51); six struts (55) are circumferentially and uniformly distributed outside the rear section of the front section pipe body (43), the rear ends of the six struts are correspondingly hinged with six rear supports (54), and the front ends of the six struts are correspondingly hinged with six sliding small sleeves (52);

The sensor (7) is of an annular structure, is sleeved on the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A (128) in a sliding manner, has a function of detecting stress according to self stress change, and simultaneously has a function of detecting displacement change of the energy-absorbing tray (9) according to the change condition of compression of the energy-absorbing tray (9), and is connected with the signal wire (8);

the energy absorbing tray (9) consists of a plurality of honeycomb rigid frames (91) and a plurality of rubber pads (93); the honeycomb rigid frame (91) consists of an inner ring (92), an outer ring (94) and a honeycomb connecting frame (95), wherein the inner diameter of the inner ring (92) is matched with the outer diameter of the small-diameter section pipe body A (128), the outer ring (94) is coaxially sleeved on the outer side of the inner ring (92), and the honeycomb connecting frame (95) is connected between the inner ring (92) and the outer ring (94); the honeycomb rigid frames (91) are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axial direction, the plurality of rubber pads (93) are arranged in a plurality of spaces formed by the plurality of honeycomb rigid frames (91), and two end surfaces of each rubber pad (93) are respectively connected with the end surfaces of outer rings (94) in two adjacent honeycomb rigid frames (91);

the energy-absorbing tray (9) and the gasket (10) are slidably sleeved on the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A (128), and the energy-absorbing tray (9) is in fit connection with the sensor (7); the nut (11) is connected to the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A (128) through threaded fit and is connected with the gasket (10) in a fitting mode.

2. The reusable energy-absorbing automatic support device according to claim 1, wherein the end of the anchoring rod (51) is fixedly connected with a limiting block.

3. The energy-absorbing automatic support device capable of being recycled according to claim 2, wherein the umbrella-shaped anchoring head (5) and the outer supporting sleeve (4) are made of 304 stainless steel, and the inner rod body (3), the supporting rod (55), the pressing rod (6), the telescopic sleeve (12) and the anchoring rod (51) are made of Q235 plain carbon steel.

4. A reusable energy absorbing automatic support device according to claim 3, characterized in that the front end of the inner shank (3) is of pointed structure.

5. An energy-absorbing support method using a reusable energy-absorbing automatic support device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

step one: drilling holes (2) are punched in the surface of surrounding rock (1) of a roadway area to be supported, and the bore diameter of the drilling holes (2) is ensured to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the umbrella-shaped anchoring heads (5) in a contracted state;

step two: pushing the reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device into the drilling hole (2), ensuring that the umbrella-shaped anchoring head (5) reaches the bottom of the drilling hole (2), and simultaneously ensuring that the small-diameter section pipe body A (128) is exposed out of the hole opening of the drilling hole (2) for a certain length;

Step three: the sensor (7), the energy absorbing tray (9), the gasket (10) and the nut (11) are sleeved on the outer side of the small-diameter section pipe body A (128) exposed at the orifice of the drilling hole (2) in sequence;

step four: the inner support sleeve (4) is provided with a plurality of supporting rods (33) which are fixedly connected with the outer support sleeve (4), a plurality of sliding small sleeves (35) which are fixedly connected with the outer support sleeve (4) are arranged on the outer support sleeve, a pressing rod (6) is manually pressed towards the hole bottom direction once, the inner support sleeve (123) and the inner support sleeve (3) are pushed by the pressing rod (6) to slide towards the hole bottom direction and compress a spring (56) relative to the outer support sleeve (4), meanwhile, a rear support (54) is pushed towards the direction close to a front support (53), a plurality of supporting rods (33) are outwards spread by the movement of the rear support (54), a plurality of sliding small sleeves (35) are driven to slide towards the front sections of a plurality of anchoring rods (51), a plurality of anchoring rods (51) are further outwards spread, and an umbrella-shaped anchoring head (5) after spreading is embedded into surrounding rock (1) to a certain depth, and larger friction force is generated;

during pressing of the pressing rod (6), the front end of the inner locking tube body (123) is utilized to push out a plurality of locking bar blocks (126) positioned in a plurality of bar-shaped guide grooves (122) towards the hole bottom direction, when the plurality of locking bar blocks (126) are pushed out of the plurality of bar-shaped guide grooves (122), the inner tube body (123) is pushed to move towards the hole opening direction through the meshing action of a plurality of orthodontic tooth teeth (1231) at the front end of the inner locking tube body (123) and a plurality of inclined plane tooth teeth (1261) at the rear end of the plurality of locking bar blocks (126), the inner locking tube body (121) is guided to radially rotate by an angle, the plurality of inclined plane tooth teeth (1261) are further enabled to rotate to be in a state of being staggered with the plurality of bar-shaped guide grooves (122), and the plurality of inclined plane tooth teeth (1281) are enabled to be in relative alignment with the plurality of ratchet tooth teeth (1281), after pressing force is removed, the inner tube body (3) and the inner tube body (123) are pushed to move towards the hole opening direction through the reset elastic action of the spring (56), and then the plurality of inclined plane tooth teeth (1281) at the rear end of the plurality of locking bar blocks (126) are enabled to be in sliding contact with the ratchet tooth teeth (1281) in a wedge-shaped manner in a sliding manner with the corresponding tooth teeth (1281;

Step five: the nut (11) is rotated by the lockset, so that the sensor (7) is tightly attached to the surface of the surrounding rock (1) at the orifice, a larger anchoring force is generated at the head end of the supporting device, when the torque force increases to a smaller extent, the umbrella-shaped anchoring head (5) achieves the optimal anchoring effect, the nut (11) is stopped from rotating, and the anchoring construction operation of the single recyclable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device is completed;

step six: adopting a certain interval and row spacing to complete the anchoring and supporting operation of the whole roadway complete surrounding rock (1);

connecting a signal wire (8) of each reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device with monitoring equipment in a ground monitoring center, acquiring stress signals of each reusable energy-absorbing automatic supporting device and compression signals of an energy-absorbing tray (9) in real time by using a sensor (7), and sending the stress signals and the compression signals to the monitoring equipment; the monitoring equipment obtains stress data of the supporting device in the supporting process through the received stress signals, obtains compression deformation data of the energy-absorbing tray (9) in the supporting process through the received compression quantity signals, and displays the compression deformation data in real time through a display screen connected with the compression deformation data;

Step eight: technicians grasp deformation conditions of surrounding rocks (1) and energy absorption effects of the energy absorption trays (9) in real time according to the displayed monitoring data; when the surface displacement with larger variation is generated due to the high stress action of surrounding rock (1) in a certain area of the roadway, and the energy-absorbing tray (9) is compressed and deformed under the continuous high stress action, secondary anchoring and supporting operation is performed, so that the repeated energy-absorbing and supporting operation is realized under the condition that the inner rod body (3) is not taken out;

s81: the nut (11) on the failure supporting device is rotated and taken down, and then the gasket (10), the deformed energy absorbing tray (9) and the sensor (7) are sequentially taken out;

s82: if the deformed energy-absorbing tray (9) can be restored to the initial state within a certain time under the combined action of a plurality of rubber pads (93) and a plurality of honeycomb-shaped rigid frames (91), the energy-absorbing tray (9) is reused; if the deformed energy-absorbing tray (9) cannot be restored to the initial state, a new energy-absorbing tray (9) is replaced;

s83: flattening the rock body protruding outwards due to deformation on the surface of the surrounding rock (1), and sleeving a sensor (7), an energy absorption tray (9), a gasket (10) and a nut (11) on the small-diameter section pipe body A (128) in sequence;

s84: the nut (11) is screwed by the lockset, and the pretightening force is reapplied, so that the umbrella-shaped anchoring head (5) generates larger anchoring force again;

s91: the nut (11) is rotated and taken down, and then the gasket (10), the energy absorption tray (9) and the sensor (7) are sequentially taken down;

s92: the inner locking pipe body (121) is jacked up by pushing the inner sliding pipe body (123) to the hole bottom direction through the pushing rod (6) by manually pushing the inner sliding pipe body (123) to the hole bottom direction, the inner locking pipe body (121) is guided to radially rotate by an angle through the meshing action of the plurality of positive tooth teeth (1231) and the plurality of inclined tooth teeth (1261), the plurality of locking bar blocks (126) are further rotated to a state opposite to the plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves (122), the plurality of inclined tooth teeth (1261) are staggered with the plurality of ratchet tooth teeth (1281), after the pushing force is removed, under the action of the reset elastic force of the spring (56), the inner rod body (3) and the inner sliding pipe body (123) are further moved to the hole opening direction, the plurality of locking bar blocks (126) are further slid into the plurality of strip-shaped guide grooves (122), the rear support (54) is moved to a position far away from the front support (53), the plurality of umbrella heads (33) are driven to be further contracted to the inner side of the plurality of small umbrella heads (51) by the movement of the rear support (54), and the small umbrella heads (51) are further contracted to the small anchor sleeve (51) by the small anchor heads (51);

S93: after the umbrella-shaped anchoring head (5) is contracted to an initial state, the supporting device is taken out of the drilling hole (2);

step ten: and the steps one to nine are repeated, so that stable control of the roadway surrounding rock (1) under the action of high stress is realized, corresponding components are recycled, and the supporting material is effectively saved while the supporting effect is improved.

6. An energy absorbing support method according to claim 5 wherein in step six, the rows of support means along the length of the roadway are arranged at a pitch of 1000mm and the spacing between adjacent support means in each row is 800mm.