CN117513990B - Drilling device and method for preventing drilling from being inclined - Google Patents

Drilling device and method for preventing drilling from being inclined Download PDF

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Publication number
CN117513990B
CN117513990B CN202410020560.7A CN202410020560A CN117513990B CN 117513990 B CN117513990 B CN 117513990B CN 202410020560 A CN202410020560 A CN 202410020560A CN 117513990 B CN117513990 B CN 117513990B
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drilling
drill
bit
steel body
cutting tool
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CN117513990A (en
Inventor
王久全
李秋玥
罗巍
何蕙岚
孙大力
刘志强
卢敬利
谷孝宾
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Jinshi Drilling Tangshan Technology Co ltd
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Jinshi Drilling Tangshan Technology Co ltd
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00Drill bits
    • E21B10/26Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/28Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a drilling device and a drilling method for preventing drilling from being inclined, and belongs to the technical field of geological exploration drilling. The technical proposal is as follows: the guiding drill bit (1), the reaming drill bit (2), the outer pipe (3), the high-precision drill string (4), the drill rod connector (5) and the high-strength drill string (6) are sequentially connected from bottom to top; the pilot bit (1) consists of a first cutting tool (7) and a first steel body (8), wherein female threads are arranged at the upper end of the first steel body (8), and the first cutting tool (7) is arranged at the lower end of the first steel body; the reaming bit (2) consists of a second steel body (10) and a second cutting tool (9), wherein a male thread is arranged at the lower end of the second steel body (10) and is connected with a female thread at the upper end of the first steel body, a female thread is arranged at the upper end of the second steel body and is in threaded connection with the outer tube (3), and the second cutting tool is arranged at the outer diameter side of the second steel body. The invention can reduce the track deviation of the drilling hole, simultaneously can realize high-speed rotation of the drill stem, improve the footage efficiency and save the drilling cost.

Description

Drilling device and method for preventing drilling from being inclined
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drilling device and a drilling method for preventing drilling from being inclined, and belongs to the technical field of geological exploration drilling.
Background
In geological drilling, there is a strict requirement on the trajectory of the borehole, usually expressed in terms of inclination and azimuth, which becomes a downward spiral when offset back and forth.
Geological drilling is usually performed using a low precision drill string, a drill tool connected to a reamer bit, the diameter of the normal bit and the diameter of the borehole being the same, the wobble is larger when the low precision drill string is rotated, thereby increasing the wobble of the bottom hole tool so that the rotation of the bit does not rotate along the axis of the borehole but oscillates back and forth along the axis. In addition, when the bottom surface of the cutting tool cuts rock, the stress is uneven, the change of drilling track caused by the influence of the stratum in the stratum easy to drill is smaller, but in the stratum easy to run and incline, the effect is amplified, so that the track of the drilling track is changed back and forth, and finally, the track is changed into a spiral line swinging back and forth, so that the drilling resistance is increased, and frequent occurrence of in-hole accidents is caused.
When the drilling track is deviated, the drill rod is returned to the original track by utilizing the inertia of the drill rod in a mode of reducing the drilling speed, but the method can seriously reduce the drilling efficiency and increase the drilling cost; the other method is to use an eccentric drilling tool, the using effect of the eccentric drilling tool is good, but the processing technology is complex, the eccentric amount from the outer tube to the drill bit is consistent, the processing period is long, the yield is low, and the method is not suitable for large-scale production. In addition, the high-precision drill stem can solve the problem of drilling deflection of a part, but when the phyllite stratum and the like are easy to run and incline or the drilling with higher precision requirement is carried out, the drilling track of the high-precision drill stem cannot completely meet the geological requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drilling device and a drilling method for preventing drill hole from being inclined, which can efficiently drill in a stratum easy to incline, reduce the incline of the drill hole to the maximum extent, improve the working efficiency and solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the drilling device for preventing the drill hole from being inclined comprises a pilot bit, a reaming bit, an outer tube, a high-precision drill string, a drill rod connector and a high-strength drill string, wherein the pilot bit, the reaming bit, the outer tube, the high-precision drill string, the drill rod connector and the high-strength drill string are sequentially connected from bottom to top; the guide drill bit consists of a first cutting tool and a first steel body, the upper end of the first steel body is provided with female threads, and the first cutting tool is arranged at the lower end of the first steel body; the reamer bit consists of a second steel body and a second cutting tool, the second steel body is of a hollow cylindrical structure, the lower end of the second steel body is provided with male threads and is connected with female threads at the upper end of the first steel body, the upper end of the second steel body is provided with female threads and is connected with threads at the lower end of the outer pipe, and the outer diameter side of the second steel body is provided with the second cutting tool; the first outer diameter of the cutting tool is smaller than the second outer diameter of the cutting tool.
Further, the first outer diameter of the cutting tool is smaller than the second outer diameter of the cutting tool by 3-7mm.
Further, the first cutting tool is a diamond cutting tool or a PDC cutting tool.
Further, the high-strength drill string comprises a female joint, a drill rod body and a male joint which are sequentially connected in a threaded mode from bottom to top, and the female joint is connected with the drill rod connector in a threaded mode.
Further, an annular groove is formed in the outer diameter side of the lower end of the second steel body, and the second cutting tool is inlaid in the annular groove.
When the drilling device for preventing the drilling from being inclined is used for drilling, the ground power drives the high-strength drill string to rotate, and the high-strength drill string sequentially transmits rotation and torque downwards to the high-precision drill string, the outer tube, the reaming bit and the pilot bit, so that the rotary drilling of the whole device is realized. The length of the high-precision drill string is generally about 200 meters, and because the high-precision drill string is stable in rotation and small in swing, the drill bit is relatively stable when the drill bit is driven to rotate, disturbance to the bottom of a hole is reduced, the rotating speed of the drill bit is improved, and the drill bit can rotate along the axis. The combined use of pilot bit and reamer bit, pilot bit can bore a drilling of slightly minor bore diameter at the hole bottom earlier when boring, later reams by the reamer bit, because pilot bit is located the drilling of slightly minor bore diameter all the time, the wobbling effect of high accuracy drilling rod string and high strength drilling rod string can only be used as the reamer bit, and pilot bit can rotate along the drilling axis all the time, reduces the skew of drilling in furthest.
The pilot bit plays a role in positioning and guiding in advance, has short distance with the reamer bit, has good rigidity, is not easy to bend, controls the deflection of the reamer bit to a certain extent, and ensures that a drilling hole drills according to the rock entering track. The reamer bit plays an isolating role between the drill string and the pilot bit, and the influence on the pilot bit caused by the swing transmitted by the drill string after the swing passes through the reamer bit is small.
Further, the reamer bit and the pilot bit may be directly connected, or a pilot centralizer may be added between the reamer bit and the pilot bit, which may further reduce wobble interference of the drill string to the pilot bit.
The drilling method for preventing the drill from being inclined comprises the following steps of:
(1) drilling a drilling tool with a large-outer-diameter drill bit downwards from the ground for a certain distance, then putting a first technical sleeve into the drilling hole, and fixing the first technical sleeve at a wellhead;
(2) after the first technical sleeve is fixed, lifting a drill, replacing a drill bit of a drilling tool with a drill bit with a small diameter, then lowering the drilling tool to the bottom of a drilling hole, when the drilling tool drills into an easy-to-run inclined stratum in the first technical sleeve, lowering the second technical sleeve, fixing the second technical sleeve at a wellhead, and performing waterproof and leakproof treatment on the first technical sleeve and the second technical sleeve at the wellhead;
(3) the method comprises the steps of lifting a drill, connecting a pilot bit, a reaming bit, an outer pipe, a high-precision drill string, a drill rod connector and a high-strength drill string into a whole to form a drilling device, lowering the drilling device to the bottom of a drilling hole, driving the drilling device to rotate by ground power, wherein the drilling device is completely positioned in a second technical sleeve, drilling resistance is small, when the pilot bit drills, drilling a small-bore hole in rock at the bottom of the hole, completely entering the small-bore hole of the rock, reaming by the reaming bit, and after the reaming bit starts working, only acting on the reaming bit due to the swing action of the high-precision drill string and the high-strength drill string, the pilot bit can always rotate along the axis of the drilling hole, so that the deflection of the drilling hole is reduced to the greatest extent;
(4) after drilling to a distance exceeding the easy-to-run inclined stratum, lifting the drill, and replacing the conventional drilling tool to drill into the final hole.
The invention has the positive effects that: the drilling device can reduce the track deviation of drilling and simultaneously can realize high-speed rotation of the drill string, improve the footage efficiency and save the drilling cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a reamer bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a pilot bit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of a first technical sleeve and a second technical sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of the present invention drilling;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a drill string connection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: pilot bit 1, reamer bit 2, outer tube 3, high precision drill string 4, drill pipe connector 5, high strength drill string 6, cutting tool one 7, steel body one 8, cutting tool two 9, steel body two 10, technical sleeve one 11, technical sleeve two 12, male connector 13, drill pipe body 14, female connector 15.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1-6, the present embodiment provides a drilling device for preventing drill hole from being inclined, comprising a pilot bit 1, a reamer bit 2, an outer tube 3, a high-precision drill string 4, a drill rod connector 5 and a high-strength drill string 6, wherein the pilot bit 1, the reamer bit 2, the outer tube 3, the high-precision drill string 4, the drill rod connector 5 and the high-strength drill string 6 are sequentially connected from bottom to top. The pilot bit 1 consists of a cutting tool I7 and a steel body I8, wherein the cutting tool I7 is a diamond cutting tool or a PDC cutting tool, the upper end of the steel body I8 is provided with female threads, and the cutting tool I7 is arranged at the lower end of the steel body I8. The reaming bit 2 is composed of a second steel body 10 and a second cutting tool 9, the second steel body 10 is of a hollow cylindrical structure, the lower end of the second steel body 10 is provided with male threads and connected with female threads at the upper end of the first steel body 8, the upper end of the second steel body 10 is provided with female threads and connected with threads at the lower end of the outer tube 3, the outer diameter side of the lower end of the second steel body 10 is provided with an annular groove, and the second cutting tool 9 is inlaid in the annular groove. The outer diameter of the first cutting tool 7 is smaller than that of the second cutting tool 9.
The pilot bit 1 is mainly used for drilling and grinding rock and guiding the advancing direction of a drilling tool. Preferably, the first cutting element 7 of pilot bit 1 has an outer diameter 3-7mm smaller than the second cutting element 9 of reamer bit 2, while the inner diameter of pilot bit 1 corresponds to the normal core bit inner diameter.
Preferably, the first steel body 8 and the second steel body 10 are hollow cylindrical structures.
Preferably, the outer tube 3 is a hollow steel tube, and the upper end of the outer tube 3 is in threaded connection with the lower end of the high-precision drill string 4. The high-precision drill stem 4 consists of a single high-precision drill stem, and the high-precision drill stem requires that the straightness of the drill stem is smaller than 1:6000 and the coaxiality of threads at two ends is 0.05mm. The high strength drill string 6 is comprised of a single high strength jointed drill pipe.
Referring to fig. 6, in this embodiment, the drill string is composed of a high-precision drill string 4, a drill rod connector 5 and a high-strength drill string 6 sequentially connected from bottom to top, wherein the high-strength drill string 6 comprises a female connector 15, a drill rod body 14 and a male connector 13 sequentially connected in a threaded manner from bottom to top, the upper end of the high-precision drill string 4 is in threaded connection with the lower end of the female connector 15 through the drill rod connector 5, the upper end of the female connector 15 is in threaded connection with the lower end of the drill rod body 14, and the upper end of the drill rod body 14 is in threaded connection with the lower end of the male connector 13.
Preferably, the high strength drill string 6 has a drilling capacity of up to 2000 meters.
Preferably, the high precision drill string 4 has a drilling capacity of up to 1000 meters.
The drilling method for preventing the drill from being inclined comprises the following steps of:
(1) drilling a drill with a large-outer diameter drill bit downwards from the ground for a certain distance, then putting a first technical sleeve 11 into the drill hole, and fixing the first technical sleeve 11 at a wellhead;
(2) after the first technical sleeve 11 is fixed, lifting a drill, replacing a drill bit of a drilling tool with a drill bit with a small diameter, then lowering the drilling tool to the bottom of a drilling hole, when the drilling tool drills into an easy-to-run inclined stratum in the first technical sleeve 11, lowering the second technical sleeve 12, fixing the second technical sleeve 12 at a wellhead, and performing waterproof and leakproof treatment on the first technical sleeve 11 and the second technical sleeve 12 at the wellhead;
(3) the pilot bit 1, the reaming bit 2, the outer tube 3, the high-precision drill string 4, the drill rod connector 5 and the high-strength drill string 6 are connected into a whole to form a drilling device, the drilling device is lowered to the bottom of a drilling hole, ground power drives the drilling device to rotate, the drilling device is completely positioned in the second technical sleeve 12, drilling resistance is small, high-rotation-speed drilling is adopted, when the pilot bit 1 drills, a small-bore hole is drilled in rock at the bottom of the hole, the pilot bit 1 completely enters the small-bore hole of the rock, reaming is carried out by the reaming bit 2, after the reaming bit 2 starts working, the swing action of the high-precision drill string 4 and the high-strength drill string 6 only acts on the reaming bit 2 because the pilot bit 1 is always positioned in the small-bore hole, the pilot bit 1 always rotates along the drilling axis, and deflection of drilling is reduced to the maximum extent;
(4) after drilling to a distance exceeding the easy-to-run inclined stratum, lifting the drill, and replacing the conventional drilling tool to drill into the final hole.
Referring to fig. 5, in this embodiment, the pilot bit 1 has an outer diameter of 92mm and the reamer bit 2 has an outer diameter of 98.5mm. The outer diameter of the high-strength drill string 6 is 91mm, the outer diameters of the male connector 13 and the female connector 15 are 93.5mm, the drill rod body 14 is manufactured by adopting hot rolled pipes, male threads are directly machined at two ends of the drill rod body 14, the male connector 13 and the female connector 15 are made of 45MnMoB materials, and the drill rod is used after heat treatment. The outer diameter of the high-precision drill stem 4 is 89mm, the material is 45MnMoB, the high-precision drill stem is manufactured by adopting cold-rolled pipes, the two ends of the rod body are subjected to heat treatment, and the straightness of the rod body is 1:6000; the outer diameter of the outer tube 3 used was 92mm.
In the drilling construction, a drill rod with the outer diameter of 114mm is firstly used for drilling 20-50mm by a drill bit with the outer diameter of 152mm, a first technical sleeve 11 is put in, and the outer diameter of the first technical sleeve 11 is 139.7mm or 146mm. After the first technical sleeve 11 is fixed, lifting the drill, replacing the drill bit with the outer diameter of 122mm and with the drill rod with the outer diameter of 114mm, lowering the replaced drill into the drill hole, drilling the stratum easy to run and inclined, at the moment, lowering the second technical sleeve 12 with the outer diameter of 118mm to the bottom of the drill hole, fixing the first technical sleeve 11 and the second technical sleeve 12 at a wellhead, protecting the first technical sleeve 11 and the second technical sleeve 12, preventing rock powder and slurry from entering the space between the first technical sleeve 11, the second technical sleeve 12 and the well wall, and sticking the first technical sleeve 11 and the second technical sleeve 12.
The drill is lifted, the pilot bit 1, the reaming bit 2, the outer tube 3, the high-precision drill string 4, the drill rod connector 5 and the high-strength drill string 6 are sequentially connected, a drilling device is formed, the drilling device is lowered to the bottom of a hole to start drilling, the drilling device is completely located in the technical sleeve II 12, drilling resistance is small, high-rotation-speed drilling is adopted, the pilot bit 1 at the front end completely enters rock, after the reaming bit 2 starts to work, instability brought to a drilling tool by rotation of the high-precision drill string 4 and the high-strength drill string 6 is finally applied to the reaming bit 2, and the pilot bit 1 cannot be disturbed, and the drilling is performed along the drilling axis. The higher the rotational speed, the better the stability of the high-precision drill string 4, the less the deflection of the drill axis during rotation, and the less the vibrations of the high-strength drill string 6 during rotation affect the reamer bit 2 and pilot bit 1 via the damping action of the high-precision drill string 4, so that the deflection of the high-precision drill string 4, outer tube 3, reamer bit 2 and pilot bit 1 during rotation relative to the drill axis is small, thus realizing no tilting of the drill bit during drilling.
After drilling to 20 to 50 meters above the easy-to-run inclined formation, the drill is lifted and replaced with a normal bit reamer to connect with the low-precision drill string to drill into the final hole.
The invention is suitable for drilling holes with a hole depth of more than 1000 meters, the high precision drill string 4 is high in manufacturing cost and low in connection strength, so that a high-strength low-precision drill string (i.e. the high-strength drill string 6) needs to be used at the upper part for transmitting torque and bearing the pulling force of the whole drill string, and the high-precision drill string 4 bears the pressure and lower torque required during drilling at a position nearer to the hole bottom.

Claims (3)

1. The drilling method for preventing the drill hole from being inclined comprises the following steps of adopting a drilling device for preventing the drill hole from being inclined, wherein the drilling device for preventing the drill hole from being inclined comprises a pilot bit (1), a reaming bit (2), an outer pipe (3), a high-precision drill string (4), a drill rod connector (5) and a high-strength drill string (6), and the pilot bit (1), the reaming bit (2), the outer pipe (3), the high-precision drill string (4), the drill rod connector (5) and the high-strength drill string (6) are sequentially connected from bottom to top; the pilot bit (1) consists of a first cutting tool (7) and a first steel body (8), wherein female threads are arranged at the upper end of the first steel body (8), and the first cutting tool (7) is arranged at the lower end of the first steel body (8); the reaming bit (2) consists of a steel body II (10) and a cutting tool II (9), wherein the steel body I (8) and the steel body II (10) are of hollow cylindrical structures, the lower end of the steel body II (10) is provided with male threads which are connected with female threads at the upper end of the steel body I (8), the upper end of the steel body II (10) is provided with female threads which are connected with threads at the lower end of the outer tube (3), and the outer diameter side of the steel body II (10) is provided with the cutting tool II (9); the outer diameter of the first cutting tool (7) is smaller than that of the second cutting tool (9); the first cutting tool (7) is a diamond cutting tool or a PDC cutting tool; the outer diameter of the first cutting tool (7) is 3-7mm smaller than that of the second cutting tool (9); the outer tube (3) is a hollow steel tube, and the upper end of the outer tube (3) is in threaded connection with the lower end of the high-precision drill string (4); the high-precision drill stem (4) consists of a single high-precision drill stem, wherein the high-precision drill stem is required to have straightness of less than 1:6000 and coaxiality of threads at two ends of the high-precision drill stem is 0.05mm; the high-strength drill string (6) consists of a single high-strength jointed drill rod;
the method is characterized in that:
(1) drilling a drill tool using a large outer diameter drill bit down a distance from the surface, then running a first technical casing (11) into the borehole, and securing the first technical casing (11) at the wellhead;
(2) after the first technical sleeve (11) is fixed, lifting a drill, replacing a drill bit of a drilling tool with a drill bit with a small diameter, then lowering the drilling tool to the bottom of a drilling hole, when the drilling tool drills into an easy-to-run stratum in the first technical sleeve (11), lowering the second technical sleeve (12), fixing the second technical sleeve (12) at a wellhead, and performing waterproof and leakproof treatment on the first technical sleeve (11) and the second technical sleeve (12) at the wellhead;
(3) the method comprises the steps of lifting a drill, connecting a pilot bit (1), a reaming bit (2), an outer tube (3), a high-precision drill string (4), a drill rod connector (5) and a high-strength drill string (6) into a whole to form a drilling device, lowering the drilling device to the bottom of a drilling hole, driving the drilling device to rotate by ground power, wherein the drilling device is completely positioned in a second technical sleeve (12), drilling resistance is small, drilling at a high rotating speed, drilling a small-bore hole in rock at the bottom of the hole when the pilot bit (1) drills, the pilot bit (1) completely enters the small-bore hole of the rock, reaming is carried out by the reaming bit (2), and after the reaming bit (2) starts working, the swing action of the high-precision drill string (4) and the high-strength drill string (6) can only act on the reaming bit (2), and the pilot bit (1) can always rotate along the axis of the drilling hole, so that deflection of the drilling hole is reduced to the greatest extent;
(4) and after the drilling device drills to a distance exceeding the easy-to-run inclined stratum, lifting the drill, and replacing the conventional drilling tool to drill into the final hole.
2. A method of drilling to prevent borehole deviation as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-strength drill string (6) comprises a female connector (15), a drill rod body (14) and a male connector (13) which are sequentially connected in a threaded mode from bottom to top, and the female connector (15) is in threaded connection with the drill rod connector (5).
3. A method of drilling to prevent borehole run-out according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: an annular groove is formed in the outer diameter side of the lower end of the second steel body (10), and the second cutting tool (9) is inlaid in the annular groove.
CN202410020560.7A 2024-01-08 2024-01-08 Drilling device and method for preventing drilling from being inclined Active CN117513990B (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104763343A (en) * 2015-03-05 2015-07-08 成都理工大学 Embedded bionic nozzle type multi-stage hole expanding drilling tool and hole expanding method thereof
CN115977543A (en) * 2023-02-03 2023-04-18 山东省煤田地质局第三勘探队 Coal field geological supplementary exploration drilling tool and supplementary exploration method

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104763343A (en) * 2015-03-05 2015-07-08 成都理工大学 Embedded bionic nozzle type multi-stage hole expanding drilling tool and hole expanding method thereof
CN115977543A (en) * 2023-02-03 2023-04-18 山东省煤田地质局第三勘探队 Coal field geological supplementary exploration drilling tool and supplementary exploration method

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