CN117512343A - Environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method - Google Patents
Environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117512343A CN117512343A CN202311492681.3A CN202311492681A CN117512343A CN 117512343 A CN117512343 A CN 117512343A CN 202311492681 A CN202311492681 A CN 202311492681A CN 117512343 A CN117512343 A CN 117512343A
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- flue gas
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pb]Cl HWSZZLVAJGOAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
- C21B11/10—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
- C22B1/08—Chloridising roasting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
- C22B15/0002—Preliminary treatment
- C22B15/001—Preliminary treatment with modification of the copper constituent
- C22B15/0013—Preliminary treatment with modification of the copper constituent by roasting
- C22B15/0019—Chloridizing roasting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/04—Working-up slag
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1: collecting ash and waste residues generated in the smelting process; s2: carrying out magnetic separation on the ash and the waste residues to obtain a mixture of the iron-rich ash and the waste residues; s3: carrying out oxygen-enriched smelting on the iron-enriched soot to obtain slag and flue gas; s4: placing the slag obtained in the step S3 into a reduction electric furnace for reduction reaction to obtain crude iron and high-temperature flue gas; s5: condensing the flue gas generated in the step S4 to obtain crude zinc and tail gas; s6: carrying out negative pressure halogenation roasting on low-iron ash to obtain smoke dust and tailings; s7: and (3) fractional condensation of the smoke dust in the step S6 to obtain each crude extraction metal. The metal smelting and recovery method in the soot can strengthen smelting, extract various valuable metal ions in the soot, has high recovery rate, adopts a multiple energy-saving technology, and reduces recovery cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to an environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method.
Background
Various solid wastes are generated in the smelting production process of metal, according to industrial solid waste net statistics, 37.87 parts per million of industrial solid wastes are generated in China in the year 2020, wherein 6.89 parts per million of metallurgical slag accounts for 18.19 percent, and the industrial solid wastes are the bulk industrial solid wastes with the third generation amount except tailings and coal gangue. The piling up of metallurgical slag occupies a large amount of land, and simultaneously brings great pollution risks to air, soil and water resources, thereby causing heavy environmental burden.
At present, the treatment method of nonferrous metal smelting slag in the field mainly takes open-air stacking, the method does not realize the resource utilization of nonferrous metal smelting slag, and heavy metals in the slag seriously pollute the environment. In the prior art, some researches are directed at the recycling utilization of nonferrous metal smelting slag, and mainly focus on the aspects of fire depletion, wet extraction, mineral processing, chloridizing roasting and the like. However, the traditional method has the problems of low metal recovery rate, long treatment time, high energy consumption, complex flow and the like, and the problems are main factors for limiting the resource utilization and industrial application of nonferrous metal smelting slag.
Therefore, how to provide a metal smelting and recycling method capable of saving energy, reducing emission, improving recycling efficiency and shortening treatment time is a problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method, which aims to solve the problems of low metal recovery rate, long treatment time, high energy consumption, complex flow and the like in the prior art.
The invention provides an environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting ash and waste residues generated in the smelting process;
s2: carrying out magnetic separation on the ash and the waste residues to obtain iron-rich ash and low-iron ash;
s3: carrying out oxygen-enriched smelting on the iron-enriched soot to obtain slag and flue gas;
s4: placing the slag obtained in the step S3 into a reduction electric furnace for reduction reaction to obtain crude iron and high-temperature flue gas;
s5: condensing the flue gas generated in the step S4 to obtain crude zinc and tail gas;
s6: carrying out negative pressure halogenation roasting on low-iron ash to obtain smoke dust and tailings;
s7: and (3) fractional condensation of the smoke dust in the step S6 to obtain each crude extraction metal.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: according to the invention, the iron-rich ash and the low-iron ash are separated through magnetic separation, and the black substances containing most of iron accounting for 20% of the total amount of the ash are separated, so that the iron is independently recycled, and the recycling difficulty is reduced.
Further, the specific operation steps of S2 are as follows: and (3) carrying out magnetic separation on the metal smelting ash under the magnetic induction intensity of 0.4-0.8T to obtain the iron-rich ash and the low-iron ash.
Further, the specific operation steps of S3 are as follows: mixing the iron-rich soot with fuel, adding the mixture into an oxygen-enriched smelting furnace for oxygen-enriched smelting, wherein the oxygen-enriched concentration is more than or equal to 50%, and obtaining molten slag and high-temperature flue gas.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: oxygen is used as fuel and natural gas is used as combustion improver, so that the method has the advantages of environmental protection and no pollution, the burning loss rate is low and is not more than 1%, and the energy consumption can be reduced, the iron melting cost is low by smelting under the oxygen-enriched condition of more than or equal to 50%, and the steps and the cost of molten iron desulfurization are avoided.
Further, the specific operation steps of S4 are as follows: and (3) placing the molten slag in a reduction electric furnace, and carrying out reduction reaction under a closed condition to obtain crude iron and zinc-containing flue gas.
Further, the specific operation steps of S6 are as follows: the low-iron ash, the halogenating agent and the sulfide are prepared according to the mass ratio of 10:1:0.1-0.5, wherein the halogenating agent is calcium chloride, the materials are ground and uniformly mixed, the materials are put into a heating furnace, the pressure in the heating furnace is controlled to be negative pressure, and the flue gas, the smoke dust and the roasting slag are obtained through heating and roasting.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: according to the invention, the nonferrous metal smelting slag is subjected to halogenation roasting under the negative pressure condition, so that the volatilization saturated vapor pressure of the substance can be changed under the negative pressure condition, and the volatilization of metal halide is facilitated. The negative pressure condition reduces the roasting temperature of the halogenated and volatilized Pb, zn and Cu elements and shortens the roasting time.
Further, the specific operation of S7 is as follows: the metal halide fume generated in the roasting section passes through the first metal halide collecting section, the second metal halide collecting section and the third metal halide collecting section in sequence.
Further, the temperature of the first metal halide collection section in S7 is controlled to be 500-600 ℃; the temperature of the second metal halide collecting section is controlled to be 450-500 ℃; the temperature of the third metal halide collecting section is controlled to be 150-300 ℃.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are that: according to the invention, copper chloride can be collected in the first metal halide collecting section, lead chloride can be collected in the second metal halide collecting section, zinc chloride can be collected in the third metal halide collecting section through sectional condensation, and the separate collection of different chlorinated metals is realized through the sectional condensation operation, so that the metal recovery procedures are reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the high-iron ash and the low-iron ash are separated through magnetic separation, so that iron metal and other metals in the ash can be respectively extracted, and the iron can be independently recycled, thereby reducing recycling difficulty. The metal in the low-iron ash is roasted through negative pressure halogenation, so that the temperature required by combustion is reduced, the energy is saved, different halogenated metals can be collected differently through fractional condensation, and the recovery efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the green and environmental protection soot metal smelting and recovery method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method, which aims to make the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the invention clearer and more definite, and further details the invention by combining the description of the drawings and the following reference examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not limiting of the present invention, and that new embodiments may be formed by any combination of the various embodiments or technical features described below without conflict.
Example 1
The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting ash and waste residues generated in the smelting process;
s2: carrying out magnetic separation on metal smelting ash and waste residues under the magnetic induction intensity of 0.4T to obtain iron-rich ash and low-iron ash;
s3: mixing the iron-rich soot with fuel, adding the mixture into an oxygen-enriched smelting furnace, adding a combustion auxiliary agent, and carrying out oxygen-enriched smelting, wherein the oxygen-enriched concentration is 50%, so as to obtain molten slag and high-temperature flue gas;
the fuel is oxygen, and the combustion auxiliary agent is natural gas;
s4: placing the molten slag in a reduction electric furnace for reduction reaction, wherein the reduction reaction is carried out under a closed condition to obtain crude iron and zinc-containing flue gas;
s5: condensing the flue gas generated in the step S4 to obtain crude zinc and tail gas;
s6: preparing low-iron ash, a halogenating agent and sulfide according to the mass ratio of 10:1:0.1-0.5, wherein the halogenating agent is calcium chloride, grinding and uniformly mixing the above materials, putting into a heating furnace, controlling the pressure in the heating furnace to be negative pressure, and heating and roasting to obtain flue gas, smoke dust and roasting slag;
s7: and (3) passing the smoke dust in the step S6 through a first metal halide collecting section, a second metal halide collecting section and a third metal halide collecting section in sequence.
The temperature of the first metal halide collection section is controlled to be 500 ℃; the temperature of the second metal halide collection section was controlled to 450 ℃; the temperature of the third metal halide collecting section was controlled at 150 deg.c to obtain each crude metal extract.
Example 2
The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting ash and waste residues generated in the smelting process;
s2: carrying out magnetic separation on metal smelting ash and waste residues under the magnetic induction intensity of 0.6T to obtain iron-rich ash and low-iron ash;
s3: mixing the iron-rich soot with fuel, adding the mixture into an oxygen-enriched smelting furnace, adding a combustion auxiliary agent, and carrying out oxygen-enriched smelting to obtain molten slag and high-temperature flue gas, wherein the oxygen-enriched concentration is 65%;
the fuel is oxygen, and the combustion auxiliary agent is natural gas;
s4: placing the molten slag in a reduction electric furnace for reduction reaction, wherein the reduction reaction is carried out under a closed condition to obtain crude iron and zinc-containing flue gas;
s5: condensing the flue gas generated in the step S4 to obtain crude zinc and tail gas;
s6: preparing low-iron ash, a halogenating agent and sulfide according to the mass ratio of 10:1:0.1-0.5, wherein the halogenating agent is calcium chloride, grinding and uniformly mixing the above materials, putting into a heating furnace, controlling the pressure in the heating furnace to be negative pressure, and heating and roasting to obtain flue gas, smoke dust and roasting slag;
s7: and (3) passing the smoke dust in the step S6 through a first metal halide collecting section, a second metal halide collecting section and a third metal halide collecting section in sequence.
The temperature of the first metal halide collection section is controlled to 550 ℃; the temperature of the second metal halide collection section was controlled to 480 ℃; the temperature of the third metal halide collection stage was controlled at 200 c to obtain each crude metal extract.
Example 3
The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting ash and waste residues generated in the smelting process;
s2: carrying out magnetic separation on metal smelting ash and waste residues under the magnetic induction intensity of 0.8T to obtain iron-rich ash and low-iron ash;
s3: mixing the iron-rich soot with fuel, adding the mixture into an oxygen-enriched smelting furnace, adding a combustion auxiliary agent, and carrying out oxygen-enriched smelting to obtain molten slag and high-temperature flue gas, wherein the oxygen-enriched concentration is 80%;
the fuel is oxygen, and the combustion auxiliary agent is natural gas;
s4: placing the molten slag in a reduction electric furnace for reduction reaction, wherein the reduction reaction is carried out under a closed condition to obtain crude iron and zinc-containing flue gas;
s5: condensing the flue gas generated in the step S4 to obtain crude zinc and tail gas;
s6: preparing low-iron ash, a halogenating agent and sulfide according to the mass ratio of 10:1:0.1-0.5, wherein the halogenating agent is calcium chloride, grinding and uniformly mixing the above materials, putting into a heating furnace, controlling the pressure in the heating furnace to be negative pressure, and heating and roasting to obtain flue gas, smoke dust and roasting slag;
s7: and (3) passing the smoke dust in the step S6 through a first metal halide collecting section, a second metal halide collecting section and a third metal halide collecting section in sequence.
The temperature of the first metal halide collection section was controlled to 600 ℃; the temperature of the second metal halide collection section is controlled to be 500 ℃; the temperature of the third metal halide collection stage was controlled at 300 c to obtain each crude metal extract.
Comparative example 1
The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting ash and waste residues generated in the smelting process;
s2: mixing the soot and fuel, adding the mixture into an oxygen-enriched smelting furnace, adding a combustion auxiliary agent, and carrying out oxygen-enriched smelting, wherein the oxygen-enriched concentration is more than or equal to 50%, so as to obtain molten slag and high-temperature flue gas;
the fuel is oxygen, and the combustion auxiliary agent is natural gas;
s4: placing the molten slag in a reduction electric furnace for reduction reaction, wherein the reduction reaction is carried out under a closed condition to obtain a metal mixture and zinc-containing flue gas;
s5: condensing the flue gas generated in the step S4 to obtain crude zinc and tail gas;
test example:
equivalent pyrite and copper flotation tailings are crushed and then smelted and recycled according to the technical schemes in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1, the mass fractions of important chemical components of the pyrite and copper flotation tailings are shown in table 1, and smelting recycling results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 mass fractions of important chemical components of pyrite and copper flotation tailings
| Fe(％) | S(％) | SiO2(％) | Pb(％) | Zn(％) | Cu(％) | |
| Pyrite (pyrite) | 46.67 | 50.33 | 12.08 | - | - | - |
| Copper flotation tailings | - | - | 12.37 | 0.397 | 2.791 | 0.531 |
TABLE 2 recovery of metals
| Zn(％) | Fe(％) | Cu(％) | Pb(％) | |
| Implementation of the embodimentsExample 1 | 86.71 | 90.23 | 75.46 | 97.33 |
| Example 2 | 88.32 | 92.57 | 82.15 | 98.28 |
| Example 3 | 85.24 | 88.62 | 79.64 | 97.85 |
| Comparative example 1 | 45.33 | - | - | - |
Since the technical scheme of comparative example 1 can only collect Zn in flue gas and other metals can only be mixed and collected, the specific yields of Fe, cu and Pb cannot be detected in comparative example 1 in table 2. Moreover, as can be seen from table 2, examples 1 to 3 of the present invention not only can realize separate collection of different metals, but also can improve the yield of metals and increase the yield.
Test example 2
After the equivalent iron-rich ore and lead smelting slag are crushed, smelting and recovery are respectively carried out according to the technical schemes in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1, the mass fractions of important chemical components of the iron-rich ore and lead smelting slag are shown in table 3, and the smelting recovery results are shown in table 4.
TABLE 3 mass fractions of important chemical components of iron-rich ore and lead smelting slag
| Fe(％) | S(％) | Si(％) | Pb(％) | Zn(％) | Cu(％) | |
| Iron-rich ore | 53.82 | - | 2.03 | - | - | - |
| Lead smelting slag | 10.25 | 13.20 | 12.25 | 34.73 | 25.12 | - |
TABLE 4 recovery of metals
| Zn(％) | Fe(％) | Cu(％) | Pb(％) | |
| Example 1 | 88.24 | 91.06 | 72.64 | 98.23 |
| Example 2 | 91.82 | 93.30 | 82.77 | 98.51 |
| Example 3 | 85.34 | 89.45 | 80.07 | 98.04 |
| Comparative example 1 | 34.48 | - | - | - |
Since the technical scheme of comparative example 1 can only collect Zn in flue gas and other metals can only be mixed and collected, the yields of Fe, cu and Pb cannot be detected in comparative example 1 in table 4.
Comprehensive test examples 1-2 show that the technical scheme of the invention has higher extraction yield for different slag, ash and slag, and combines the technical schemes of negative pressure halogenation roasting, oxygen-enriched smelting, magnetic separation and the like, thereby achieving the technical effects of green, energy conservation and environmental protection. And a large amount of chemical reagents are not required to be added, the added dye can be reduced, and the environment-friendly idea is met.
Thus, in view of the many possible embodiments that may be applied to the principles disclosed, it should be recognized that the above-described embodiments are merely examples and should not be taken as limiting in scope. Accordingly, we reserve all rights to the subject matter disclosed herein, including claims that claim any and all combinations of the subject matter disclosed herein, including but not limited to all within the scope and spirit of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: collecting ash and waste residues generated in the smelting process;
s2: carrying out magnetic separation on the ash and the waste residues to obtain iron-rich ash and low-iron ash;
s3: carrying out oxygen-enriched smelting on the iron-enriched soot to obtain slag and flue gas;
s4: placing the slag obtained in the step S3 into a reduction electric furnace for reduction reaction to obtain crude iron and high-temperature flue gas;
s5: condensing the flue gas generated in the step S4 to obtain crude zinc and tail gas;
s6: carrying out negative pressure halogenation roasting on low-iron ash to obtain smoke dust and tailings;
s7: and (3) fractional condensation of the smoke dust in the step S6 to obtain each crude extraction metal.
2. The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method as set forth in claim 1, wherein,
the specific operation steps of the S2 are as follows: and (3) carrying out magnetic separation on the metal smelting ash under the magnetic induction intensity of 0.4-0.8T to obtain the iron-rich ash and the low-iron ash.
3. The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method as set forth in claim 1, wherein,
the specific operation steps of the S3 are as follows: mixing the iron-rich soot with fuel, adding the mixture into an oxygen-enriched smelting furnace, adding a combustion auxiliary agent, and carrying out oxygen-enriched smelting, wherein the oxygen-enriched concentration is more than or equal to 50%, so as to obtain molten slag and high-temperature flue gas;
the fuel is oxygen, and the combustion auxiliary agent is natural gas.
4. The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method as set forth in claim 1, wherein,
the specific operation steps of the S4 are as follows: and (3) placing the molten slag in a reduction electric furnace, and carrying out reduction reaction under a closed condition to obtain crude iron and zinc-containing flue gas.
5. The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method as set forth in claim 1, wherein,
the specific operation steps of the S6 are as follows: the low-iron ash, the halogenating agent and the sulfide are prepared according to the mass ratio of 10:1:0.1-0.5, wherein the halogenating agent is calcium chloride, the materials are ground and uniformly mixed, the materials are put into a heating furnace, the pressure in the heating furnace is controlled to be negative pressure, and the flue gas, the smoke dust and the roasting slag are obtained through heating and roasting.
6. The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method as set forth in claim 1, wherein,
the specific operation of S7 is as follows: the metal halide fume generated in the roasting section passes through the first metal halide collecting section, the second metal halide collecting section and the third metal halide collecting section in sequence.
7. The environment-friendly metal smelting and recycling method as set forth in claim 6, wherein,
s7, controlling the temperature of the first metal halide collecting section to be 500-600 ℃; the temperature of the second metal halide collecting section is controlled to be 450-500 ℃; the temperature of the third metal halide collecting section is controlled to be 150-300 ℃.
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