CN117512127A - SNP locus affecting body length and chest circumference of yaks and application thereof - Google Patents
SNP locus affecting body length and chest circumference of yaks and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of molecular biotechnology and molecular marker, and particularly relates to SNP loci influencing the body length and chest circumference of yaks and application thereof. The SNP locus is positioned at 55999531 th site of a yak reference genome Bosgu_v3.0 version European Nucleotide Archive accession number GCA_005887515.1, and a mutant base is C or T. The invention also discloses a detection method of the SNP locus and application of the SNP locus in correlation analysis of yak characters, the SNP locus can be applied to auxiliary selective breeding of yak growth characters, and the detection method is quick and accurate; the genotype of the SNP locus is screened to accelerate the breeding progress of the growth character related to the yaks, save the breeding cost and improve the economic benefit of yak breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of molecular biology detection, and particularly relates to SNP loci influencing the body length and chest circumference of yaks and application thereof.
Background
The yaks are special livestock and poultry living in Qinghai-Tibet plateau and adjacent high mountain areas and sub-high mountain areas, have strong adaptability to high-cold weather, are indispensable resources for maintaining life data and economic income of herdsmen, not only provide beef, milk, fur and the like for people, but also heat the feces as fuel. However, the yak breeding is mainly based on traditional grazing, and the economic development of the yak industry is restricted by the problems of serious grassland degradation, long marketing period, low reproductive capacity of the yaks, and the like, so that the development of the protection, development and utilization of the yak genetic resources, the improvement of the production performance of the yaks and the promotion of the development of the yak industry are of great significance.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (Single nucleotide polymorphism, SNPs) are variations in DNA sequence that result from mutation of a single nucleotide in the whole genome sequence. Such variations are mainly four types of single gene transitions, transversions, deletions and insertions, but are mostly represented by transitions (transitions) and transversions (transitions). Transitions refer to the substitution of purine bases (A and G) with pyrimidine bases (T and C), and transversions are the substitution of purines with pyrimidines. SNPs occurring in coding regions affect the function of genes resulting in alterations in biological traits and thus can be used as biomarkers associated with certain traits. The method has the characteristics of high density, stable inheritance, automatic analysis and the like, and can be used for marker-assisted breeding, linkage analysis and biodiversity research.
TXK (tyrosine-protein kinase TXK), known as tyrosine protein kinase, is a member of the TEC family, which has a long amino-terminal unique region, comprising a Pleckstrin homology domain and a TEC homology domain, plays an important role in actin cytoskeletal reorganization in response to TCR/CD28, and in addition, helps promote lymphocyte development, activation and viable cell signaling. TXK, also known as RIK, has a genome consisting of 15 exons, which are homologous to exon-intron tissues, with the exception that the amino-terminal region does not include pleckstrin homology domains or other known extended functional regions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to apply TXK as a candidate gene for molecular marker assisted selection in yak molecular marker assisted breeding so as to shorten the breeding period and improve the growth performance of yaks by breeding. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
in a first aspect, the invention provides an SNP molecular marker related to the growth traits of yak body length and chest circumference, which is characterized in that the SNP molecular marker is positioned at 55999531 th position of a yak reference genome Bosgu_v3.0 version European Nucleotide Archive accession number GCA_005887515.1, and a mutant base is C or T.
In a second aspect, the invention provides an application of a reagent for detecting the SNP molecular marker in the first aspect in detection of yak body length and chest circumference growth traits.
Preferably, according to the SNP molecular markers, the yak genotypes are divided into CC, CT and TT; the 6 month old body length of the genotype CC yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT; the 12 month-old chest circumference of the genotype CT yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT.
Preferably, the reagents comprise a primer pair for amplifying a nucleotide sequence containing the SNP molecular marker.
Preferably, the nucleotide sequence of the SNP molecular marker is shown as SEQ ID NO.1, and the SNP molecular marker is positioned at the 112 th position.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an application of a reagent for detecting the SNP molecular marker in the first aspect in early breeding of yak growth traits.
Preferably, according to the SNP molecular markers, the yak genotypes are divided into CC, CT and TT; the 6 month old body length of the genotype CC yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT; the 12 month-old chest circumference of the genotype CT yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT.
Preferably, the reagents comprise a primer pair for amplifying a nucleotide sequence containing the SNP molecular marker.
Preferably, the nucleotide sequence of the SNP molecular marker is shown as SEQ ID NO.1, and the SNP molecular marker is positioned at the 112 th position.
In a fourth aspect, the invention provides the use of a specific primer pair for amplifying a nucleotide sequence containing the SNP molecular marker as set forth in the first aspect, for detecting yak body length and chest circumference growth traits; the sequence of the specific primer pair is shown as SEQ ID NO. 2-3.
Preferably, the method for realizing detection of the growth traits of the yaks comprises the following steps:
(1) Extracting yak blood genome DNA as template DNA;
(2) Carrying out PCR amplification on the genome DNA of the yak blood to be detected obtained in the step (1) by utilizing a specific primer pair to obtain a PCR amplification product;
(3) Purifying the PCR amplification product obtained in the step (2) and carrying out genotyping detection, wherein the 6 month old body length of the genotype CC yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT; the 12 month-old chest circumference of the genotype CT yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT.
In a fifth aspect, the invention provides the use of a specific primer pair for amplifying a nucleotide sequence containing the SNP molecular marker as set forth in the first aspect, for early breeding of yak body length and chest circumference growth traits; the sequence of the specific primer pair is shown as SEQ ID NO. 2-3.
Preferably, the method for realizing the early breeding of the growth traits of the yaks comprises the following steps:
(1) Extracting yak blood genome DNA as template DNA;
(2) Carrying out PCR amplification on the genome DNA of the yak blood to be detected obtained in the step (1) by utilizing a specific primer pair to obtain a PCR amplification product;
(3) Purifying the PCR amplification product obtained in the step (2) and carrying out genotyping detection, wherein the 6 month old body length of the genotype CC yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT; the chest circumference of the genotype CT yak individual at 12 months of age is obviously higher than the genotype TT; selecting a yak individual with genotype CC for early breeding of 6-month-old body length character, and selecting a yak individual with genotype CT for early breeding of 12-month-old chest circumference character.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, through analyzing the correlation between the locus genotype and the growth character of the yaks, SNP loci related to the growth character of the yaks body length and chest circumference are found, the SNP molecular marker is positioned at 55999531 th position of a Bosgu_v3.0 version European Nucleotide Archive accession number GCA_005887515.1 of a reference genome of the yaks, and the mutation base is C or T. The length of yak individuals of the genotype CC is significantly higher than that of individuals of the TT type (P < 0.05) at 6 months of age; CT type yak individual is at 12 months of age chest circumference is obviously higher than TT type individual (P < 0.05), and can be used for quick identification of corresponding character through PCR and gene sequencing method, can be used for auxiliary breeding of yak molecular marker, and is not limited by yak variety and age, therefore, in production, CC type and CT type individual can be selected as parents to carry out large-scale breeding, the breeding process of yaks is greatly accelerated, and breeding cost of breeding enterprises can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the peak sequencing of three genotypes in the examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention continuously designs a plurality of pairs of primers on a yak Tyrosine protein Kinase (TXK) gene fragment (with a sequence of SEQ ID NO. 1) to carry out PCR amplification and gene sequencing on yak DNA, wherein one SNP locus is found when a target fragment amplified by one pair of primers (SEQ ID NO.2 and SEQ ID NO. 3) is subjected to genotype analysis, three genotypes are totally found, and one SNP locus is located at 112 th base of the fragment with the sequence of SEQ ID NO.1 through MEGA 7.0 and BioEdit software analysis. Then, the correlation between the genotype of the mutation site of the yak individual and the growth character is analyzed by SPSS19.0 software, and the CC type yak individual is found that the body length of the CC type yak individual is obviously higher than that of the TT type yak individual (P is less than 0.05) at the age of 6 months; the chest circumference of CT type yak individuals at 12 months of age is significantly higher than that of TT type individuals (P < 0.05).
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments. It should be noted that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The reagents not specifically and individually described in the present invention are all conventional reagents and are commercially available; methods which are not specifically described in detail are all routine experimental methods and are known from the prior art. Various modifications and alterations of this invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
EXAMPLE 1 identification of SNP mutation sites
(1) Sample collection of Ashdan yaks
The invention takes an archen yak variety as a detection object, and collects 232 blood samples of the archen yaks with perfect growth data materials from Datong cattle farm in Qinghai province. The growth phenotypes of the ashdenier yaks were measured at different times, including body weight, height, body length, chest circumference, respectively. EDTA anticoagulant blood collection tube is used for collecting 4ml of blood from jugular vein, and the blood is preserved at-20 ℃.
(2) Isolation, extraction and purification of genomic DNA
UsingBlood Genomic DNAKit kit genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of Alash denier yaks. The quality and concentration of the DNA was checked using 1.0% agarose gel electrophoresis and an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific Nano Drop 2000 c).
(3) Primer design and screening
According to the yak TXK gene published by Ensemble (accession number: ENSBGRG 00000001037), a plurality of pairs of primers are designed on the DNA sequence of the yak TXK gene by using Primer design software Primer 5.0, PCR amplification is carried out on a yak DNA sample, and the result of gene sequencing is analyzed, so that a pair of primers with SNP loci are screened, wherein the Primer sequence information is as follows:
f:5'-GGAAGTGTTGATGTGGTTGGAT-3' (SEQ ID NO. 2);
r:5'-TGAAGAGAGCCAGGGAGAAAC-3' (SEQ ID NO. 3).
(4) PCR amplification of target Gene fragment
The PCR reaction system was 40. Mu.L: 2X Accurate Taq Master Mix (dye plus) 20. Mu.L, 1. Mu.L of DNA template (100 ng/. Mu.L), 1. Mu.L of each of the upstream and downstream primers (10. Mu. Mol/L), and 17. Mu.L of sterile water. PCR amplification procedure: pre-denaturation at 94 ℃ for 30s; denaturation at 98℃for 10s, annealing at 52℃for 30s, elongation at 72℃for 1min,35 cycles; extending at 72 ℃ for 2min, and cooling at 4 ℃. After amplification, the amplified products were detected by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel.
(5) Gene sequencing
And (3) sending the PCR reaction liquid after the detection is qualified to Sanger sequencing in two directions of Seamantadine Biotechnology Limited liability company. The amplified target sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO.1, and the SNP locus is positioned at position 112 of the sequence shown as SEQ ID NO. 1. The sequencing peaks at the mutation sites are shown in FIG. 1.
EXAMPLE 2 correlation of different genotypes and growth traits of SNP molecular marker loci
(1) Genotyping
All individuals were repeated in the steps (4) and (5) of example 1, and specific genotypes of the different individuals were determined based on the results of the gene sequencing. Three genotypes were detected in the test population, and the genotype frequencies and allele frequencies are shown in table 1.
The genotyping is carried out on 232 yak blood DNA samples by adopting PCR and gene sequencing, and three genotypes exist at SNP molecular marker loci of yak TXK genes, namely homozygous CC, heterozygous CT and homozygous TT. The three genotypes were found to have frequencies of 0.401 (CC), 0.464 (CT) and 0.134 (TT).
TABLE 1 genotype and allele frequencies of yak SNP loci
(2) SNP genotype and growth trait phenotype value correlation analysis
In order to determine whether the SNP markers prepared by the invention are related to the difference of the growth traits of the yaks, the correlation analysis of the statistical analysis of least squares is carried out on three genotypes of the SNP locus at the 112 position on the fragment of SEQ ID NO.1 and the body weight, height, body length and chest circumference trait phenotype values of the yaks in different periods respectively by using SPSS19.0 software, and the correlation of the genotype of the SNP locus and the growth traits is calculated, and the result is shown in Table 2.
The model used was as follows:
Y j =μ+G j +e j the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein Y is j Representing observed growth trait values; g j A genetic effect representing genotype j; μ representing the total average for each trait; e, e j Representing the effect of the random residual error. Differences between the data sets were tested using LSD multiplex comparison and test results are expressed as mean+ -SE.
TABLE 2 correlation analysis of Gene polymorphisms and growth traits
Note that: the lower case letters of the different superscripts indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05), and the x indicates that the difference is significant (P < 0.05)
As can be seen from Table 2, the 55999531bp locus polymorphism of the chromosome 6 of the yaks has obvious correlation (P < 0.05) with the 6 month-old body length and the 12 month-old chest circumference of the yaks, and the body length of the yaks of the individuals with the genotype CC homozygote at the age of 6 months is obviously higher than that of the individuals with the genotype TT; CT-type yak individuals had significantly higher chest circumference at 12 months of age than TT genotype individuals (P < 0.05).
This example identifies a SNP marker that is significantly associated with the growth traits of yaks in length and chest circumference, so selection of dominant genotype individuals can be selected and will help to improve the growth traits of yaks.
By combining the results, the mutation site can be used as a potential genetic marker for improving the production performance of the yaks in the auxiliary selection of the high-yield yaks.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A SNP molecular marker affecting the length and chest circumference of a yak, wherein said SNP molecular marker is located at position 55999531 of the yak reference genome bosgu_v3.0 version European Nucleotide Archive accession gca_005887515.1, and the mutated base is C or T.
2. Use of a reagent for detecting the SNP molecular markers of claim 1 for detecting yak body length and chest circumference growth traits.
3. The use of a reagent for detecting the SNP molecular markers as set forth in claim 1 in the early breeding of yak body length and chest circumference growth traits.
4. The use according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the yak genotypes are classified into CC, CT and TT according to the SNP molecular markers; the 6 month old body length of the genotype CC yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT; the 12 month-old chest circumference of the genotype CT yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the reagent comprises a primer pair for amplifying a nucleotide sequence containing the SNP molecular marker.
6. The use according to claim 5, wherein the nucleotide sequence of the SNP molecular marker is shown as SEQ ID NO.1, and the SNP molecular marker is located at position 112.
7. Use of a specific primer pair for amplifying a nucleotide sequence containing the SNP molecular marker of claim 1 for detecting yak body length and chest circumference growth traits; the sequence of the specific primer pair is shown as SEQ ID NO. 2-3.
8. The use of claim 7 wherein the method for effecting the detection of yak body length and chest circumference growth traits comprises:
(1) Extracting yak blood genome DNA as template DNA;
(2) Carrying out PCR amplification on the genome DNA of the yak blood to be detected obtained in the step (1) by utilizing a specific primer pair to obtain a PCR amplification product;
(3) Purifying the PCR amplification product obtained in the step (2) and carrying out genotyping detection, wherein the 6 month old body length of the genotype CC yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT; the 12 month-old chest circumference of the genotype CT yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT.
9. Use of a specific primer pair for amplifying a nucleotide sequence containing the SNP molecular marker of claim 1 for early breeding of yak body length and chest circumference growth traits; the sequence of the specific primer pair is shown as SEQ ID NO. 2-3.
10. The use of claim 9 wherein the method for effecting early breeding of yak body length and chest circumference growth traits comprises:
(1) Extracting yak blood genome DNA as template DNA;
(2) Carrying out PCR amplification on the genome DNA of the yak blood to be detected obtained in the step (1) by utilizing a specific primer pair to obtain a PCR amplification product;
(3) Purifying the PCR amplification product obtained in the step (2) and carrying out genotyping detection, wherein the 6 month old body length of the genotype CC yak individual is obviously higher than the genotype TT; the chest circumference of the genotype CT yak individual at 12 months of age is obviously higher than the genotype TT; selecting a yak individual with genotype CC for early breeding of 6-month-old body length character, and selecting a yak individual with genotype CT for early breeding of 12-month-old chest circumference character.
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