CN117506190A - Automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet rib parts - Google Patents
Automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet rib parts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117506190A CN117506190A CN202311484033.3A CN202311484033A CN117506190A CN 117506190 A CN117506190 A CN 117506190A CN 202311484033 A CN202311484033 A CN 202311484033A CN 117506190 A CN117506190 A CN 117506190A
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- welding
- aluminum alloy
- rib
- alloy sheet
- parts
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 224
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field related to welding manufacture, and discloses an automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet rib parts, which comprises the following steps: cleaning the groove at the position to be welded and the vicinity of the weld bead, fitting each component of the sheet rib type part, checking the butt joint gap of each component, positioning the position and the size of each reinforcing rib by using a locking pin, and performing positioning and clamping by using a pressing plate on the outer side of the reinforcing rib; (II) welding process steps: determining welding parameters according to the self characteristics and process requirements of the rib-like parts, and then executing a corresponding welding process, wherein a welding robot is adopted to finish automatic welding and forming of butt joint and corner joint welding seams based on a laser tracking system; (III) post-weld treatment step: and performing quality inspection on the welded parts. The invention can effectively overcome various defects in the prior art, and can finish the welding process of aluminum alloy sheet bar parts under various complex working conditions in a high-precision and convenient-to-control mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to welding manufacture, and particularly relates to an automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet rib parts.
Background
In various high-precision application equipment, aluminum alloy sheet rib parts are often required. For example, the box body of a certain aluminum alloy transmitting box is of a skin and skeleton welding structure, the thickness of the skin is 2.5mm, the thickness of the outer side reinforcing ribs is 2.5-3mm, and the material marks are 5A06. As the reinforcing ribs are welded with a plurality of joints and large external dimensions, the welding method of the traditional manual argon arc welding is adopted, the welding residual stress is large, the welding deformation of the ribs is large, the dimensional accuracy of the ribs is not guaranteed, and the welding defects such as cracks, incomplete welding, incomplete fusion and the like are easy to occur, so that the welding quality of the box body is influenced. However, in practical application, the welding quality and the flatness of the ribs (the ribs are short for after the reinforcing rib assembly welding) are required to be high, the welding quality reaches level II, the defects of cracks, incomplete welding, incomplete fusion, air holes and the like are not allowed to exist, and the flatness after welding is not more than 1mm.
More specifically, for aluminum alloy sheet bar-like parts, the following technical difficulties generally exist in the welding manufacturing process: firstly, the welding seam structure is complex, usually is a space structure, the welding quality is not easy to control, and the defects of cracks, incomplete welding, air holes and the like are easy to occur when the aluminum alloy is subjected to manual argon arc welding; secondly, the external dimension of the rib is larger, the material is thinner, the post-welding stress is larger, and the welding deformation is not easy to control; thirdly, if the former rib is formed by manual argon tungsten-arc welding, the welded seam has a large cracking tendency, delayed cracks are easy to occur, the flatness is often out of tolerance, the repair rate is high, and the manufacturing requirement of the high-quality aluminum alloy box body cannot be met.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for further research and improvement to better meet the higher manufacturing quality requirements for aluminum alloy sheet bar type parts.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or demands of the prior art, the invention aims to provide an automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet rib parts, wherein the welding process demands of the aluminum alloy sheet rib parts are fully combined, a plurality of specific process flows including pre-welding, welding and the like are pertinently improved, a laser tracking mode is selected to perform automatic welding on key control parts of the process, and meanwhile, some key parameter requirements are redesigned, so that various defects in the prior art can be effectively overcome correspondingly, the welding process of the aluminum alloy sheet rib parts under various complex working conditions is completed in a high-precision and convenient-to-operate mode, and the automatic quality management of the whole welding is realized.
In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, there is provided an automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet bar type parts, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
(I) Pre-weld preparation
Cleaning the groove at the position to be welded and the vicinity of the welding bead aiming at the aluminum alloy sheet rib parts to be welded; each assembly of the sheet rib type parts is assembled on a platform of a welding station in a trial mode, and each butt joint gap is checked, wherein a welding groove is formed on the site of a part without the gap for the part of the flat butt joint weld; then, the position and the size of each reinforcing rib of the rib-like part are positioned by using a locking pin, and the outside of the reinforcing rib is positioned and clamped by using a pressing plate;
(II) welding Process
Determining welding parameters according to the self characteristics and process requirements of the aluminum alloy sheet rib parts, and then executing a corresponding welding process, wherein a welding robot is adopted to finish automatic welding and forming of butt joint and corner joint welding seams based on a laser tracking system;
(III) post-weld treatment
And (3) checking the apparent quality of the welded seam of the welded part, grinding the high point of the welded seam at the arc starting and arc receiving positions, and checking the flatness of the rib.
Further preferably, in step (I), the region in the range of 20mm to 30mm around the groove and bead at the position to be welded is mechanically cleaned, preferably by using a wire brush or a scraper, before welding, to ensure no oxide film, oil stain and metal particles, and finally cleaned with alcohol.
As a further preference, in step (I), the welding process is performed after the welding is completed, preferably within 24 hours.
As a further preference, in step (II) welding parameters, preferably including welding current, welding voltage, wire feed speed and welding speed, are determined, preferably in dependence on the welding configuration, the joint form, the sheet thickness, the groove size, the assembly gap.
As a further preferred, in step (II), the welding wire is preferably disposed at the center position of the weld bead by a deviation of ±1mm; and simultaneously, the nozzle of the welding gun is arranged to be about 10 mm-15 mm away from the surface of the welding seam of the workpiece, and the distance between the welding wire and the surface of the welding seam is about 1mm.
As a further preference, in step (II), when performing flat welding, the welding gun angle is preferably set to be perpendicular to the workpiece, pushing forward by about 15 ° at the time of welding; when performing vertical welding, the welding gun angle is preferably set at 45 ° to the workpiece, i.e. at the centre of the workpiece at an angle of 90 °, and is pushed forward by about 15 ° during welding.
As a further preference, in step (II), the welding sequence is preferably designed as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly welding the lower flat welding from outside to inside in the right direction, then welding the vertical welding from top to bottom in the right direction, then welding the lower flat welding from outside to inside in the left direction, then welding the vertical welding from top to bottom in the left direction, and finally welding the upper flat welding of the central part.
As a further preference, in step (III), the flatness of the ribs is preferably 1 or less.
In general, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that specific improvements are made on specific links such as preparation before butt welding, welding process and the like, and meanwhile, a plurality of key parameters in welding are designed, so that the welding process of aluminum alloy sheet bar parts under various complex working conditions can be finished in a high-precision and convenient-to-operate mode, the problems that cracks, incomplete welding, air holes and weld cracks tend to be large after welding in the prior art, delayed cracks and the like are easy to occur are effectively overcome, and the welding quality and efficiency are remarkably improved, so that the method is particularly suitable for manufacturing requirements of high-quality aluminum alloy boxes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the overall process flow of an automated welding method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram schematically illustrating a typical aluminum alloy sheet bar construction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view for illustrating a rib clamping in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a process flow chart for showing an automatic welding process of a web according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the entire process flow of an automatic welding method according to the present invention. The invention will be explained in more detail below in connection with fig. 1.
First, a pre-weld treatment step is performed.
In the step, aiming at aluminum alloy sheet rib parts to be welded, cleaning treatment is carried out near a groove and a welding bead at a position to be welded; each assembly of the sheet rib type parts is assembled on a platform of a welding station in a trial mode, and each butt joint gap is checked, wherein a welding groove is formed on the site of a part without the gap for the part of the flat butt joint weld; and then, positioning the position and the size of each reinforcing rib of the rib-like part by using a locking pin, and performing positioning and clamping on the outer side of the reinforcing rib by using a pressing plate.
Next, a welding process step follows.
In the step, welding parameters are determined according to the self characteristics and the process requirements of the aluminum alloy sheet bar parts, and then corresponding welding processes are executed, wherein a welding robot is adopted to finish automatic welding and forming of butt joint and corner joint welding seams based on a laser tracking system.
Next, a step of post-welding treatment is performed.
In the step, the apparent quality of the welding seam is checked for the welded parts, the high points of the welding seam at the arc starting and arc receiving positions are polished, and the flatness of the ribs is checked.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram for exemplary display of a typical aluminum alloy sheet bar clamping, and fig. 3 is a process flow diagram for exemplary display sheet bar automatic welding. An example of welding is given in more detail below in connection with fig. 2 and 3.
Referring to fig. 2, the outer side reinforcing ribs (abbreviated as sheet ribs) of the box body of the transmitting box are made of aluminum sections 5A06, and have the external dimensions 2240mm multiplied by 884mm multiplied by 40mm and the thickness of 2.5mm-3mm. In order to ensure the quality of the welding seam, reduce the welding stress and effectively control the welding deformation, the whole welding process is finished by adopting reasonable welding process flow and process control according to the invention.
The relevant welding parameters are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
The process according to the invention will be illustrated more specifically below.
A pre-weld preparation step comprising:
a. cleaning a workpiece: a steel wire brush (or a scraper) is used for mechanically cleaning the groove at the position to be welded and the area in the range of 20-30 mm near the welding bead before welding, no oxide film, greasy dirt, metal particles and the like are required, the steel wire brush is cleaned by alcohol, and after the cleaning is finished, the steel wire brush is welded within 24 hours, otherwise, the steel wire brush is cleaned again;
b. welding groove: and (3) testing each piece of the sheet rib on a platform of the welding station, checking the butt joint gaps of each piece, and opening a welding slope C1.5 on site by using a hand grinding wheel for the parts without gaps of the parts with flat butt joint welding seams. The part with a gap of 0.5-1mm or an arc chamfer at the flat butt joint part allows no welding groove to be formed;
c. and (3) installing sheet ribs: the clamping fixture is characterized in that the position and the size of each reinforcing rib are positioned by using the locking pin on the platform, the clamping fixture is used for positioning and clamping each reinforcing rib on the outer side, a clamping fixture is arranged in the reinforcing rib at the compression joint part, clamping deformation is avoided, and the clamping fixture cannot interfere with a welding gun during installation of the clamping fixture.
In the welding process link, the method comprises the following steps:
first, the machine is started and checked. Turning on a main power supply, a welding robot, a control cabinet switch, a welding machine switch, a cooling water tank switch, a demonstrator and a laser tracking system, checking that the conditions of all parts are normal, and no alarm information exists; and checking the state of tungsten electrodes, nozzles, welding wires and the like to be normal.
The welding sequence is then preferably determined appropriately according to the welding structure and the joint form. The demonstrator is used for programming welding programs, including welding paths, welding sequences, welding gun angles, laser locating and tracking, and the like.
a. Welding sequence: the method comprises the steps of firstly welding the lower flat welding from outside to inside in the right direction, then welding the vertical welding from top to bottom in the right direction, then welding the lower flat welding from outside to inside in the left direction, then welding the vertical welding from top to bottom in the left direction, and finally welding the upper flat welding of the central part. In this way, more practical tests have shown that welding deformations can be reduced more effectively.
b. Welding wire position and welding gun angle
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the welding wire is positioned in the center of the weld seam by a deviation of + -1 mm. The nozzle is about 10-15mm from the surface of the weld of the workpiece, and the welding wire is about 1mm from the surface of the weld.
c. Welding gun angle:
according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the butt weld: the welding gun is vertical to the workpiece and forwards pushed by about 15 degrees during welding. And (3) standing welding: the welding gun is 45 degrees with the workpiece (positioned on the center of the 90-degree included angle of the workpiece), and is pushed forward by about 15 degrees during welding.
d. Teaching: before welding each part, the robot simulates the normal welding process to go through, the welding sequence is checked, whether the posture of the welding gun meets the requirements or not, and the welding gun has no interference phenomenon with workpieces, pressing plates and the like.
In the formal welding process, welding parameters, including welding current, welding voltage, wire feeding speed and welding speed, are preferably determined according to the welding structure, the joint form, the thickness of the plate, the size of the groove and the assembly gap. After the teaching is completed, the welding parameters are adjusted in place, and then the welding is started.
Finally, the workpiece inspection step is performed.
a. And (3) checking the apparent quality of the welding seam, grinding the high points of the welding seam at the arc starting and arc receiving positions, forming the surface of the welding seam to be attractive, and avoiding the defects of welding leakage, cold joint, welding deviation, welding penetration and the like.
b. Checking the flatness of the ribs, ensuring that the flatness is less than or equal to 1, and allowing correction of local out-of-tolerance parts.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the automatic welding method for the aluminum alloy sheet bar parts can finish the welding process of the aluminum alloy sheet bar parts under various complex working conditions in a high-precision and convenient-to-control mode, effectively solves the problems that cracks, incomplete welding, air holes and weld joints after welding tend to crack, delay cracks and the like are easy to occur in the prior art, and remarkably improves the welding quality and efficiency, so that the automatic welding method is particularly suitable for manufacturing requirements of high-quality aluminum alloy boxes.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet rib parts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(I) Pre-weld preparation
Cleaning the groove at the position to be welded and the vicinity of the welding bead aiming at the aluminum alloy sheet rib parts to be welded; each assembly of the sheet rib type parts is assembled on a platform of a welding station in a trial mode, and each butt joint gap is checked, wherein a welding groove is formed on the site of a part without the gap for the part of the flat butt joint weld; then, the position and the size of each reinforcing rib of the rib-like part are positioned by using a locking pin, and the outside of the reinforcing rib is positioned and clamped by using a pressing plate;
(II) welding Process
Determining welding parameters according to the self characteristics and process requirements of the aluminum alloy sheet rib parts, and then executing a corresponding welding process, wherein a welding robot is adopted to finish automatic welding and forming of butt joint and corner joint welding seams based on a laser tracking system;
(III) post-weld treatment
And (3) checking the apparent quality of the welded seam of the welded part, grinding the high point of the welded seam at the arc starting and arc receiving positions, and checking the flatness of the rib.
2. The automatic welding method of aluminum alloy sheet bar parts according to claim 1, wherein in the step (I), a wire brush or a scraper is preferably used to mechanically clean the region of the groove and the vicinity of the weld bead of the part to be welded in the range of 20mm to 30mm before welding, so as to ensure no oxide film, greasy dirt and metal particles, and finally the part is wiped clean with alcohol.
3. The automatic welding method for aluminum alloy strip parts according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (I), the welding process is performed preferably within 24 hours after the completion of the welding.
4. A method of automatically welding aluminium alloy sheet bar-like parts according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step (II) welding parameters are determined, preferably in terms of welding configuration, joint form, sheet thickness, groove size, assembly gap, said welding parameters preferably comprising welding current, welding voltage, wire feed speed and welding speed.
5. The automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet bar-like parts according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (II), the welding wire is preferably disposed at the center of the weld with a deviation of ±1mm; and simultaneously, the nozzle of the welding gun is arranged to be about 10 mm-15 mm away from the surface of the welding seam of the workpiece, and the distance between the welding wire and the surface of the welding seam is about 1mm.
6. The automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet bar-like parts according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the step (II), when the flat welding is performed, the welding gun angle is preferably set to be perpendicular to the work piece, and the forward pushing is about 15 ° at the time of welding; when performing vertical welding, the welding gun angle is preferably set at 45 ° to the workpiece, i.e. at the centre of the workpiece at an angle of 90 °, and is pushed forward by about 15 ° during welding.
7. The automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet bar-like parts according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the step (II), the welding sequence is preferably designed as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly welding the lower flat welding from outside to inside in the right direction, then welding the vertical welding from top to bottom in the right direction, then welding the lower flat welding from outside to inside in the left direction, then welding the vertical welding from top to bottom in the left direction, and finally welding the upper flat welding of the central part.
8. The automatic welding method for aluminum alloy strip-like parts according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in step (III), the flatness of the strip is preferably 1 or less.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311484033.3A CN117506190A (en) | 2023-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet rib parts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311484033.3A CN117506190A (en) | 2023-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet rib parts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117506190A true CN117506190A (en) | 2024-02-06 |
Family
ID=89756059
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311484033.3A Pending CN117506190A (en) | 2023-11-07 | 2023-11-07 | Automatic welding method for aluminum alloy sheet rib parts |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN117506190A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-11-07 CN CN202311484033.3A patent/CN117506190A/en active Pending
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