CN109909645B - Residual stress deformation control method for thick plate single-side filling welding joint - Google Patents
Residual stress deformation control method for thick plate single-side filling welding joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN109909645B CN109909645B CN201811616715.4A CN201811616715A CN109909645B CN 109909645 B CN109909645 B CN 109909645B CN 201811616715 A CN201811616715 A CN 201811616715A CN 109909645 B CN109909645 B CN 109909645B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a residual stress deformation control method for a thick plate single-side filling welding joint, which comprises the following steps of: 1) processing grooves on two plates to be welded, wherein the bottom of the groove is a backing weld bead, the thickness of the backing weld bead is t2, and the thickness of the two plates to be welded is t 1; 2) polishing the surfaces of areas to be welded of the two plates to be welded, immersing the plates into acetone for ultrasonic cleaning, and drying the plates for later use; 3) clamping two plates to be welded through a clamp; 4) the wire feeder and the welding device are used for performing accumulation welding from bottom to top along the thickness direction of the two plates to be welded, vertical growth of a welding line along the thickness direction is achieved, and the residual stress deformation control of the thick plate single-side filling welding joint is completed until the whole joint is completely filled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and relates to a residual stress deformation control method for a thick plate single-side filling welding joint.
Background
The welding of thick plates is an essential key process in the construction process of large-scale equipment in the fields of petrochemical industry, aerospace, military industry and the like. The thickness of the facility parts is generally more than 20mm, and the structure size is large, and the facility parts can be connected and formed only by section processing. In recent years, the application of multi-pass melting filler wire welding in thick plate welding is receiving wide attention. The thick plate multi-pass melting wire-filling welding has the advantages of high quality, high efficiency and high precision. Most of the current researches on the thick plate multi-pass melting wire-filling welding focus on the optimization of welding parameters to reduce the welding defects of air holes, cracks, side unfused and the like. However, the large deformation after welding and the high residual stress of the joint are the main problems of the multi-pass melting wire filling welding of thick plates. Residual stress in the welded joint is unfavorable for the integrity of the workpiece, increases the brittle failure tendency of the workpiece, reduces the strength and the fatigue life of the workpiece, and greatly reduces the service performance of the workpiece. For example, D406A ultrahigh-strength steel is adopted as a shell material of an engine of a certain model, a TIG welding process is mainly adopted at present, in the welding process, the residual deformation tendency of the ultrahigh-strength steel solid engine shell containing a large-size saddle-shaped welding line is large, the deformation rule is complex, the ultrahigh-strength steel solid engine shell is difficult to shape after welding, and the size is easily out of tolerance and even the product is scrapped. The accurate prediction and reduction of welding residual stress and deformation are very important for obtaining high-quality components, a numerical model for predicting joint angular deformation is obtained by adopting a finite element calculation method in some researches, but a method for controlling the deformation and the residual stress after welding is not provided at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for controlling the residual stress deformation of a thick plate single-side filling welding joint, which can greatly reduce the deformation after welding and reduce the residual stress of a component.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method for controlling the residual stress deformation of the thick plate single-side filling welding joint comprises the following steps:
1) processing grooves on two plates to be welded, wherein the bottom of the groove is a backing weld bead, the thickness of the backing weld bead is t2, and the thickness of the two plates to be welded is t 1;
2) polishing the surfaces of areas to be welded of the two plates to be welded, immersing the plates into acetone for ultrasonic cleaning, and drying the plates for later use;
3) clamping two plates to be welded through a clamp;
4) and performing stack welding along the thickness direction of the two plates to be welded from bottom to top by a wire feeder and a welding machine to realize the vertical growth of a welding seam along the thickness direction until the whole joint is completely filled, and finishing the residual stress deformation control of the thick plate single-side filling welding joint.
The thickness of the plate to be welded is less than the length of the weld.
The groove is a U-shaped groove, a Y-shaped groove or a V-shaped groove.
The material of the plate to be welded is carbon steel, stainless steel, high-strength steel, aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.
The filler wire fusion welding method is laser filler wire welding, laser-arc hybrid welding, electron beam filler wire welding, plasma beam filler wire welding, filler wire argon arc welding or manual shielded metal arc welding.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the control method for residual stress deformation of the thick plate single-side filling welding joint is specifically operated, the wire feeder and the welding device are used for performing stack welding from bottom to top along the thickness direction of two plates to be welded, so that the vertical growth of a welding seam along the thickness direction is realized, the residual stress and the deformation of the joint are reduced, and the operation is convenient and simple.
Drawings
FIG. 1a is a schematic view of a conventional tiled welding sequence;
FIG. 1b is a schematic view of a welding sequence of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating operation of the first embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of the groove of the steel plate according to the first embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the effect of the welding sequence on joint residual deformation in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating the effect of the welding sequence on the amount of joint angular deformation in accordance with one embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the effect of a welding sequence on joint residual stress in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a cross-sectional grid division view of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a schematic view of a welding sequence in the second embodiment;
FIG. 7c is a schematic view showing the repair site in the second embodiment;
FIG. 8a is a graph illustrating the effect of the welding sequence of a conventional tiled weld on the residual stress distribution in example two of the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a graph illustrating the effect of the welding sequence of the present invention on the residual stress distribution in example two of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the method for controlling the residual stress deformation of the thick plate single-side filling welding joint comprises the following steps:
1) processing grooves on two plates to be welded, wherein the bottom of the groove is a backing weld bead, the thickness of the backing weld bead is t2, and the thickness of the two plates to be welded is t 1;
2) polishing the surfaces of areas to be welded of the two plates to be welded, immersing the plates into acetone for ultrasonic cleaning, and drying the plates for later use;
3) clamping two plates to be welded through a clamp;
4) and performing stack welding along the thickness direction of the two plates to be welded from bottom to top by a wire feeder and a welding machine to realize the vertical growth of a welding seam along the thickness direction until the whole joint is completely filled, and finishing the residual stress deformation control of the thick plate single-side filling welding joint.
The thickness of the plate to be welded is less than the length of the welding seam; the groove is a U-shaped groove, a Y-shaped groove or a V-shaped groove; the material of the plate to be welded is carbon steel, stainless steel, high-strength steel, aluminum alloy or titanium alloy; the fusion welding method can be laser filler wire welding, laser-arc hybrid welding, electron beam filler wire welding, plasma beam filler wire welding, filler wire argon arc welding or manual shielded metal arc welding and the like.
Example one
Take the example of multi-pass laser wire-filling welding of 20mm thick and 90mm long D406A high strength steel plates. The present embodiment relates to both conventional tiled (weld horizontal growth) and stepped (invention) welding sequences, as shown in fig. 1a and 1 b. The present embodiment illustrates the effect of using the welding sequence of vertical seam growth welding on reducing the residual stress and deformation of the thick plate melting wire-filling welding head by a method combining tests and calculations, and the specific flow is shown in fig. 2.
Firstly, carrying out multi-channel laser filler wire welding on a D406A high-strength steel plate with the thickness of 20mm by adopting a conventional welding sequence, and measuring the residual stress and deformation of a joint, wherein the method mainly comprises the following steps: a small-sized groove is pre-processed for a plate with the thickness of 20mm, the shape of the groove is shown in figure 3, and a backing weld bead with the thickness of 2mm is reserved at the bottom; polishing the surface of a region to be welded of the workpiece by using abrasive paper, wiping off metal particles and dust on the surface, then soaking the region to be welded of the workpiece in acetone for ultrasonic cleaning, and blow-drying the workpiece for later use until impurities such as an oxide film on the surface of the region to be welded of the workpiece are removed; assembling the workpiece in place for welding; and starting the wire feeder and the laser welding machine, and filling welding beads layer by layer from bottom to top along the horizontal direction until the whole joint is filled. Finally, multi-channel flat wire filling welding is achieved, and then angular deformation of the joint is measured.
And (3) establishing a two-dimensional plane strain thermo-elastic-plastic finite element model in ANSYS according to the cross section of the joint obtained by the test, and calculating the residual deformation of the D406A ultrahigh-strength steel subjected to laser wire filling welding with the thickness of 20mm by adopting a conventional welding sequence.
Comparing the calculation results and the test results of the size of the melting zone and the residual deformation, the results show that the size of the melting zone is well matched, and the relative error of the deformation in the thickness direction is about 6.43%. The experimental result and the calculation result are well matched in an error range, namely the finite element model can be used for carrying out simulation calculation on the residual stress and the deformation of the joint obtained by welding in a stepped welding sequence.
Referring to fig. 4, when the stepped (vertical growth of the weld) sequential welding is adopted, the total deformation of the workpiece is obviously reduced compared with the general conventional tiled welding, referring to fig. 5, the maximum angular deformation of the conventional tiled welding and the stepped (vertical growth of the weld) welding is 1.55mm and 0.15mm respectively, the maximum angular deformation of the joint when the stepped (vertical growth of the weld) sequential welding is 9.7% of the tiled welding, and the welding deformation can be obviously reduced by the stepped (vertical growth of the weld) sequential welding, referring to fig. 6. The maximum value of equivalent stress of the conventional joint is 1419.65MPa, and the stress distribution on the central longitudinal section of the test plate shows that the conventional tiled joint has higher residual stress, the maximum interlayer stress value is about 1419.65MPa, and the maximum residual stress values of the joint adopting the step-type (vertical growth of welding seams) sequence are reduced to 1026.79MPa and 1144.52MPa, which are respectively reduced by about 392.86MPa and 275.13MPa compared with the conventional tiled joint. In summary, the stepped (vertical seam growth) welding sequence used for a 20mm thick D406A ultra high strength steel laser filler wire weld head can significantly reduce weld residual distortion and stress.
Example two
Taking the repair of the butt-joint girth weld of the X80 pipe body with OD1219 × 18.4mm specification as an example, the depth of the repair welding area is 12mm, the width is 15mm, and the length is 200 mm. In the embodiment, the root welding position of the X80 pipe body is repaired by two welding sequences of a conventional flat-laying type (horizontal growth of the welding seam) and a step type (vertical growth of the welding seam), ANSYS finite element software is used, heat-structure analysis is completed in an indirect coupling mode, the common flat-laying type welding sequence and the stress field of the invention are respectively obtained, and as can be seen from fig. 8a and 8b, the step type welding sequence based on the vertical growth of the welding seam is used for repairing the circumferential welding seam of the X80 pipe, so that the welding seam vertically grows, the maximum equivalent stress of the welded welding seam is reduced by about 49MPa, the maximum axial stress is reduced by about 96MPa, and the area of a high stress area is greatly reduced.
Claims (1)
1. A residual stress deformation control method for a thick plate single-side filling welding joint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) processing grooves on two plates to be welded, wherein the bottom of the groove is a backing weld bead, the thickness of the backing weld bead is t2, and the thickness of the two plates to be welded is t 1;
2) polishing the surfaces of areas to be welded of the two plates to be welded, immersing the plates into acetone for ultrasonic cleaning, and drying the plates for later use;
3) clamping two plates to be welded through a clamp;
4) performing build-up welding along the thickness direction of two plates to be welded from bottom to top by a wire feeder and a welding machine to realize vertical growth of a welding seam along the thickness direction, and repeating the build-up welding from bottom to top until the whole joint is completely filled, thereby completing residual stress deformation control of the thick plate single-side filling welding joint;
the thickness of the plate to be welded is less than the length of the welding seam;
the groove is U-shaped;
the material of the plate to be welded is high-strength steel;
the filler wire welding method is laser filler wire welding.
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| US4187410A (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1980-02-05 | Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky, Proektno-Konstruktorsky i Tekhnologichesky Institut Elektrosvarochnogo Oborudova | Method of multi-pass narrow groove arc welding |
| JPH01218781A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-08-31 | Toyo Seikan Kaisha Ltd | Butt welding method by laser beam |
| CN103008895B (en) * | 2012-12-15 | 2015-04-15 | 华中科技大学 | Narrow gap multi-pass laser welding method for thick plate |
| CN106112263B (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2017-12-15 | 西安交通大学 | Titanium steel composite board laser silk filling butt welding method using T2 red coppers as transition zone |
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