CN117502128B - Vegetation optimal allocation method for lakeside shoreline slope in semiarid region - Google Patents
Vegetation optimal allocation method for lakeside shoreline slope in semiarid region Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetation optimal allocation method for a lakeside shoreline slope in a semiarid region, which comprises the steps of firstly, sorting target sample areas, slowing down the slope and adjusting the slope length; and then carrying out plant optimization configuration according to the characteristics of the side slope, wherein the side slope sequentially configures the herba Salsolae Collinae and the reed for the arid vegetation zone, the gray green quinoa and the Lythrum, the herba scirpae for the wet vegetation zone, the water onion for the emergent aquatic vegetation zone and the foxtail for the submerged vegetation zone from top to bottom according to the gradient. The invention fully adopts the characteristics of taking the land topography, soil water and salt condition, vegetation habitat requirements and stress resistance into consideration, follows vegetation succession rules and utilizes the natural recovery potential of a soil seed bank, and aims at recovering the composite ecological functions of vegetation biodiversity, productivity, water quality purification, water and soil conservation and the like, and the stability of the constructed vegetation is obviously increased. The technology of the invention has strong feasibility and wide application prospect in ecological restoration engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetation restoration, in particular to a vegetation optimal allocation method for a lakeside shoreline slope in a semiarid region.
Background
The lakeside shoreline is positioned in an amphibious staggered zone, is an important component of a land ecological system, and plays an important role in aspects of flood regulation, water quality purification, biological diversity maintenance and the like. The ecological system of the salinized lakeside of the semiarid region is easy to be disturbed by global changes due to the ecological fragile region. In recent years, the land habitat area is drastically reduced due to driving factors such as climate heating drying, overload overgrazing, overutilization and the like, and vegetation is also severely degraded. The vegetation coverage and productivity are obviously reduced, the plant diversity is reduced, and the ecological safety and the economic development of the area are seriously threatened. For example, large-area asteraceae, chenopodiaceae and gramineae vegetation appear on the coastal lines of the yellow river beach inner lake in the loess plateau arid region, and the main dominant species are the plant species of the genus Fimbristylis, the species of the Phragmites communis, the species of the Chinese tamarisk, the salix matsutake and the species of the polygonum hydropiper. The main reason is that artificial activities such as fishpond construction, reclamation agriculture and animal husbandry, quarrying and sand digging in the early stage cause great ecological environmental influence on the lakeside wetland; furthermore, as the mud flat is continuously deposited and increased, the mud flat can be submerged only by flooding with extra flood, so that the mud flat becomes a high flood, and the salt-tolerant plants are gradually increased by the wet-tolerant plants growing on the mud flat. For another example, due to the interference of warm drying of the climate and human activities, the land line of the lakeside of the loose and tender plains and the marsh wetland are increasingly salinized and aridized, vegetation is reversely replaced, the dominance of typical meadows and grassland plants gradually appears, and the coverage of reed, suaeda salsa and the like is increased, so that the original ecological functions of the land line of the lakeside are degraded or disappeared, and the water and soil loss is serious. Therefore, there is a need to develop ecological restoration work of the salinized lakeside slope in the semiarid region.
Wetland restoration and reconstruction are increasingly emphasized, and in 2000 years, china has come out of a series of wetland protection and repair plans. The promulgation of the wetland protection law in 2022 marks that the wetland protection in China enters a high-quality development stage, and the requirements of maintaining the ecological function and the biodiversity of the wetland and guaranteeing the ecological safety are definitely met. In recent years, the ecological environment restoration of the watershed is greatly developed, but the water quality management and pollution prevention and control are mainly targeted, the whole habitat function of the ecological system is not fully exerted, and the stability of the ecological system is required to be improved; on the other hand, in the natural recovery state, vegetation dry succession is accelerated, suitable plants are reduced, the plant diversity is low, the community stability is poor, and the function of an ecological system is not fully exerted. At present, the existing wetland vegetation recovery technology mainly aims at marshlands, lake wetlands, coastal wetlands and the like, focuses less on the recovery of arid and salinized lakeside wetland vegetation, especially aims at the problems that the recovery of lakeside slope vegetation is less due to complex water and salt environments and frequent water level fluctuation, the ecological function of vegetation is reduced, the current situation of water and soil loss is still severe, the prior art can not meet the actual requirements of ecological recovery and stability improvement of the lakeside wetland vegetation, and the water and soil multi-element synergistic recovery technology of the lakeside slope vegetation is urgently required to be developed, so that theoretical and technical support is provided for the construction of the national three-zone four-zone ecological safety barrier.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a vegetation optimal allocation method for a lakeside slope in a semiarid region, which solves the problems of poor stability, low productivity, serious water and soil loss and other functional degradation caused by natural restoration as a main principle and artificial restoration as a main single species transplanting as a main principle in vegetation restoration of the existing lakeside slope.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vegetation optimal allocation method for a lakeside shoreline side slope in a semiarid region comprises the following steps:
step one: selection and arrangement of target plots
Selecting a degraded lakeside shoreline slope of a semiarid region as a target sample land, slowing down the slope and adjusting the slope length, and covering the surface with surrounding beach wetland soil;
step two: plant optimization configuration
(2.1) dividing the plant into a drought vegetation zone, a medium vegetation zone, a wet vegetation zone, an emergent aquatic vegetation zone and a submerged vegetation zone in turn from top to bottom according to the gradient;
(2.2) carrying out vegetation configuration according to the division of the step (2.1), wherein the vegetation configuration is specifically as follows:
the dry vegetation zone is provided with herba Salsolae Collinae and rhizoma Phragmitis; the medium-growing vegetation zone is provided with green-gray quinoa and Lythrum salicifolium; the wet vegetation zone is provided with a flat stalk scirpus; preparing green onions on emergent aquatic vegetation belts; the submerged vegetation zone is provided with the foxtail algae.
The dry vegetation zone selects combination of the swamp cabbage and the reed, the highest position of the shoreline wetland is lower in soil moisture and heavier in salinization, and the reed which is drought-resistant, salt-resistant and wider in ecological width is selected as a recovery target plant, so that the vegetation coverage area can be rapidly increased, and water and soil loss during heavy rainfall can be prevented. Secondly, the herba Salsolae Collinae is a typical drought grassland plant, has strong drought resistance, and can realize rapid planting under the condition of water shortage. In addition, reed is gramineous beard root plant, the root system is mainly distributed in the earth surface soil, the swamp cabbage is a compositae straight root plant, the root system is pricked into deeper soil, and deep soil moisture can be utilized. The two main root systems are distributed on different soil layers, have weak competitive strength to water, nutrient and other resources, and can stably form symbiosis.
The mesogenic vegetation zone selects the combination of the chenopodium glaucum and the Lythrum salicifolium, has stronger ecological adaptability and can adapt to long-term drought environment. The Lythrum salicifolium is a typical wetland plant, is suitable for a long-term flooding environment, and has stronger capability of coping with severe changes of the hydrologic environment when being combined to establish a vegetation zone. Secondly, because the two plants belong to different habitats, the competition strength among the seeds is weaker, and the constructed vegetation zone is more stable.
The common burreed rhizome with the wet vegetation is suitable for the saline-alkali (including neutral saline-alkali and soda saline-alkali) environment, and is a main species of inland saline-alkali wetland. Meanwhile, the common burreed rhizome can also adapt to the flooding environment, and can survive when the surface is flooded 0-25cm times deeper. In addition, the spherical rhizome of the scirpus negundo is also a main food source of the crane type water birds, and the scirpus negundo vegetation is restored, so that the biodiversity and productivity are improved, the habitat quality of the water birds is also improved, and the cooperative promotion of restoring the ecological function of the wetland can be promoted.
The emergent aquatic vegetation zone selects the water onion as a recovery target species, the water onion is a perennial emergent aquatic plant, and has a certain resistance to salinization, and compared with other emergent aquatic plants such as typha and the like, the water onion is more suitable for the water level fluctuation environment and is easy to transplant. The green onion plants are high and large, so that the vegetation productivity is obviously improved. In addition, the resource competition strength between the allium fistulosum and other recovery species is weak, the ecological niche differentiation is promoted, the living space of other species is not occupied, and therefore the stability of the constructed community is strong.
The foxtail algae in the submerged vegetation zone is a typical submerged plant in the lakeside wetland, and has the function of water quality purification. Thus improving the overall ecological function of the restored wetland.
Preferably, the gradient is slowed down to 15-20 degrees in the first step, and the gradient is 11.7-16.2 m.
Preferably, the thickness of the soil covering of the tidal flat wetland in the first step is 20-25cm.
Preferably, the herba Salsolae Collinae is introduced by sowing, and the initial seedling density is controlled to be 100 plants/m 2 Population density control in middle and late growth stages>30 plants/m 2 ；
Reed is planted in a transplanting rhizome mode, and the density is 200 plants/m 2 ；
The chenopodium glaucum is introduced by sowing, and the density is 20 plants/m 2 ；
Lythrum salicifolium is planted by transplanting seedling with transplanting density of 50 plants/m 2 ；
Planting the scirpus bipinnata in a manner of transplanting spherical rhizomes, wherein the transplanting density is 150 plants/m 2 ；
Planting herba Alii Fistulosi by transplanting with a transplanting rhizome and a transplanting density of 30 plants/m 2 ；
The bromhidrosis is recovered by means of branch breaking settlement, the length of broken branches is 10-12 cm, and the density of broken branches is 50 plants/m 2 ；
In addition to the recovered target species, other companion plants grow naturally.
Further, the method is characterized in that proper water management is carried out after the reed, the Lythrum, and the common burreed rhizome are transplanted, water is supplied to the soil layer with the water content of 40% -45% of 0-30cm by drip irrigation, 1 time is carried out every 3 days in the seedling stage, and 1 time is carried out every week in the nutrition growth period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention discloses a vegetation optimal allocation method for a lakeside shoreline slope in a semiarid region, which has the following beneficial effects:
the invention fully adopts the characteristics of taking the land topography, soil water and salt condition, vegetation habitat requirements and stress resistance into consideration, follows vegetation succession rules and utilizes the natural recovery potential of a soil seed bank, and aims at improving the composite ecological functions of restoring vegetation biodiversity, productivity, water quality purification, water and soil conservation and the like, so that the stability of the constructed vegetation is obviously improved, and the coping capability of environmental changes such as hydrology, saline alkali and the like is also enhanced. The technology of the invention has strong practicability and has wide application prospect in ecological restoration engineering of lakeside shorelines, beach wetlands, saline-alkali marsh wetlands, such as loess plateau, loose and tender plain and the like in semiarid ecological fragile areas of China.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a land micro-topography remediation of a lakeside shoreline of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the vegetation zones of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of vegetation optimal configuration and implementation according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 4 shows community coverage under different recovery measures;
FIG. 5 is a plot of colony height under different recovery measures;
FIG. 6 is above ground biomass under different recovery measures;
FIG. 7 is root biomass under different recovery measures;
FIG. 8 shows colony densities under different recovery measures.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in connection with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Step one: selection and arrangement of target plots
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, the degraded shoreline slope of the yellow river beach wetland is selected as the treatment target sample area, most of the land is bare land, the surface gravels are more, and the present situations of soil and vegetation are as follows: 0cm-20cm deep surface soil with salt content of 2.0-2.2%, pH of 8.0-9.0, total organic carbon of 0.2-0.45%, total nitrogen of 0.14-0.18%, and total phosphorus of 0.08-0.14%; vegetation coverage is less than 15%, plants such as chenopodium glaucum, herba Salsolae Collinae, salt claw and the like are distributed sporadically, the slope of the shoreline wetland is 35-40 degrees, the slope length is 6.2-7.3 m, and the height is 4.0-4.2m;
at the end of 4 months, the slope is subjected to slow treatment, the slope is artificially adjusted to 15-20 degrees, the adjusted slope length is 11.7-16.2 and m, the purpose is to reduce water and soil loss, increase the surface runoff residence time and the soil moisture content, and simultaneously increase the vegetation optimal allocation area, then artificial soil covering is carried out, the soil is sourced from the peripheral beach wetland, and the soil covering thickness is 20-25 cm;
step two: plant optimization configuration
(2.1) as shown in fig. 2, dividing the plant into a drought vegetation zone, a medium vegetation zone, a wet vegetation zone, an emergent vegetation zone and a submerged vegetation zone in sequence from top to bottom according to the gradient;
(2.2) carrying out vegetation configuration according to the division of the step (2.1), wherein the vegetation configuration is specifically as follows:
the dry vegetation zone is provided with herba Salsolae Collinae and rhizoma Phragmitis; the medium-growing vegetation zone is provided with green-gray quinoa and Lythrum salicifolium; the wet vegetation zone is provided with a flat stalk scirpus; preparing green onions on emergent aquatic vegetation belts; the submerged vegetation zone is provided with the foxtail algae;
beginning to transplant target plant seedlings/vegetative propagules at the beginning of 5 months;
the swamp cabbage is introduced by adopting a sowing mode, and the swamp cabbage in the soil seed bank is combined to ensure that the initial seedling density is controlled to be 100 plants/m 2 Population density is controlled in the middle and later stages of growth due to drought, saline-alkali and other stresses>30 plants/m 2 ；
Reed is planted in a transplanting rhizome mode, and the density is 200 plants/m 2 ；
The chenopodium glaucum is introduced by adopting a sowing mode, and the density of 20 plants/m is ensured by combining with the swamp cabbage in the soil seed bank 2 ；
Lythrum salicifolium is planted by transplanting seedling with transplanting density of 50 plants/m 2 ；
Planting the scirpus bipinnata in a manner of transplanting spherical rhizomes, wherein the transplanting density is 150 plants/m 2 ；
Planting herba Alii Fistulosi by transplanting with a transplanting rhizome and a transplanting density of 30 plants/m 2 ；
The bromhidrosis is introduced by means of branch breaking and settlement, and is combined with the original bromhidrosis in the water body of the region to recover, the branch breaking length is 10-12 cm, and the total density of the original bromhidrosis and the broken branches is ensured to be 50 strains/m 2 ；
Proper water management is carried out after the reed, the Lythrum, the common burreed rhizome are transplanted, water is supplied to the soil layer with the water content of 40-45% of 0-30cm by drip irrigation, 1 time is carried out every 3 days in the seedling stage, and 1 time is carried out every week in the nutrition growth stage.
In addition to the recovered target species, other companion plants grow naturally, i.e., recover naturally, maintaining the natural attributes and stability of the community.
Comparative example 1
By adopting the traditional engineering restoration measures, the topography is not remedied, and vegetation is constructed by transplanting Lythrum salicifolium.
Comparative example 2
And (5) natural recovery.
Effect monitoring
Recovery at the end of the current year season vegetation recovery monitoring was performed on example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 as shown in fig. 3-4.
The vegetation coverage, vegetation height, overground biomass, vegetation biomass and density under the implementation of the technical measure (vegetation optimal configuration) of the invention are obviously higher than those of the traditional engineering restoration measures (no micro-topography restoration, single Lythrum transplanting) and natural restoration (no micro-topography restoration and other auxiliary vegetation restoration measures)P＜0.05）。
The coverage of the vegetation after the vegetation is optimally configured is up to 74.3 percent, and is respectively improved by 0.6 times and 1.1 times compared with engineering recovery (47.7 percent) and natural recovery (35.0 percent); the vegetation height (107.4 cm) is improved by 1.2 times compared with the engineering recovery (48.0 cm) and the natural recovery (48.3 cm); aboveground biomass (778.3 g/m) 2 ) Specific engineering recovery (674.9 g/m) 2 ) And natural recovery (538.4 g/m) 2 ) The two times of the two times are respectively improved by 0.2 and 0.4; vegetation root biomass (227.8 g/m) 2 ) Specific engineering recovery (73.1 g/m) 2 ) And natural recovery (32.8 g/m) 2 ) Increased by 2.8-fold and 6.0-fold, respectively (fig. 7); plant Density (919 plants/m) 2 ) Specific engineering recovery (386 strain/m) 2 ) And natural recovery (608 plants/m) 2 ) The improvement is 1.4 times and 0.5 times respectively. In addition, after the plant optimal configuration measures are implemented, compared with engineering restoration and natural restoration measures, the community stability is improved by 65.4% and 50.6%, respectively.
And (5) carrying out water quality monitoring at the end of the growing season. Compared with engineering restoration and natural restoration, the water quality in the vegetation optimal allocation area is obviously improved, the total nitrogen content is reduced by 28.6 and 32.4 percent, the total phosphorus content is reduced by 21.3 and 23.4 percent, and the water quality purification function is also obviously improved.
And recovering the current year to monitor rainfall runoff. The runoff coefficients under the vegetation optimal configuration, engineering recovery and natural recovery measures are respectively 0.02, 0.23 and 0.18, and the runoff coefficient is the lowest; at the same time, the erosion modulus of the embodiment of the invention is the lowest (0.040 t/km) 2 ) And engineering recovery (0.063 t/km) 2 ) And natural recovery (0.085 t/km) 2 ) Compared with the measure implementation sample, the sand production amount is reduced by 36.7 percent and 53.2 percent respectively, and the soil and water conservation function is obviously improved. Each of the descriptionsThe embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the various embodiments are sufficient to see each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. The vegetation optimal allocation method for the lakeside shoreline slope in the semiarid region is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: selection and arrangement of target plots
Selecting a degraded lakeside shoreline slope of a semiarid region as a target sample plot, slowing the slope to 15-20 degrees, adjusting the slope length to 11.7-16.2 m, and covering the surface with peripheral beach wetland soil;
step two: plant optimization configuration
(2.1) dividing the plant into a drought vegetation zone, a medium vegetation zone, a wet vegetation zone, an emergent vegetation zone and a submerged vegetation zone in sequence according to the equal width of the slope from top to bottom;
(2.2) carrying out vegetation configuration according to the division of the step (2.1), wherein the vegetation configuration is specifically as follows:
the dry vegetation zone is provided with herba Salsolae Collinae and rhizoma Phragmitis; the medium-growing vegetation zone is provided with green-gray quinoa and Lythrum salicifolium; the wet vegetation zone is provided with a flat stalk scirpus; preparing green onions on emergent aquatic vegetation belts; the submerged vegetation zone is provided with the foxtail algae;
wherein, the herba Salsolae Collinae is introduced by sowing, and the initial seedling density is controlled to be 100 plants/m 2 Middle and late growth stageControlling population density>30 plants/m 2 ；
Reed is planted in a transplanting rhizome mode, and the density is 200 plants/m 2 ；
The chenopodium glaucum is introduced by sowing, and the density is 20 plants/m 2 ；
Lythrum salicifolium is planted by transplanting seedling with transplanting density of 50 plants/m 2 ；
Planting the scirpus bipinnata in a manner of transplanting spherical rhizomes, wherein the transplanting density is 150 plants/m 2 ；
Planting herba Alii Fistulosi by transplanting with a transplanting rhizome and a transplanting density of 30 plants/m 2 ；
The bromhidrosis is recovered by means of branch breaking settlement, the length of broken branches is 10-12 cm, and the density of broken branches is 50 plants/m 2 ；
In addition to the recovered target species, other companion plants grow naturally.
2. The optimal allocation method of vegetation on a shoreline slope of a semiarid region according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the soil coverage of the beach wetland in the first step is 20-25cm.
3. The optimal allocation method for vegetation on a shoreline side slope of a semiarid region according to claim 1, which is characterized in that proper water management is carried out after reed, lythrum, and common burreed rhizome are transplanted, water is supplied to the soil layer with the water content of 40% -45% of 0-30cm by drip irrigation, 1 time is carried out every 3 days in the seedling stage, and 1 time is carried out every week in the vegetative growth stage.
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