CN117495113A - Building fire safety assessment method, equipment and medium - Google Patents
Building fire safety assessment method, equipment and medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a building fire safety assessment method, equipment and medium, and relates to the technical field of fire safety. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring fire hazard indexes of each building according to the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence of each building; acquiring disaster-bearing vulnerability indexes of each layer of building according to the personnel density and the personnel age of each layer of building; acquiring fire-fighting rescue hidden danger indexes of each layer of building according to the abnormal alarming quantity of fire-fighting facilities of each layer of building; acquiring potential safety management hazard indexes of each layer of building according to the safety management equipment of each layer of building; and carrying out fire safety assessment on each layer of building according to the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the safety management hidden danger index. The method can realize real-time dynamic and objective evaluation of the fire safety level of the building.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fire safety, in particular to a method, equipment and medium for evaluating fire safety of a building.
Background
When a fire disaster occurs in a building object, particularly a high-rise building, a chimney effect is generated, the fire disaster spreads rapidly, people are difficult to evacuate, the building structure is deformed by high-temperature baking, the stress imbalance easily causes integral collapse, and the personnel group is dead, the property is seriously lost, so that the consequence is very serious.
In the existing method, the fire-fighting security risk assessment of the high-rise building is lagged, and the problems of fire-fighting security risk and the like of the high-rise building cannot be found in time by assessing the properties and static properties of the high-rise building, so that the method has a barrier to follow-up timely rescue measures.
Therefore, there is a need to propose a treatment method that can solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method, equipment and medium for evaluating fire safety of a building, which are used for solving the problem that the fire safety risk of a high-rise building cannot be found in time in the prior art and the evaluation standard is not objective enough.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for building fire safety assessment, comprising:
acquiring fire hazard indexes of each building according to the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence of each building;
obtaining disaster-bearing vulnerability indexes of each layer of building according to the personnel density and the personnel age of each layer of building, wherein the building comprises an underground building and an overground building;
Acquiring fire-fighting rescue hidden danger indexes of each layer of building according to the abnormal alarming quantity of fire-fighting facilities of each layer of building;
acquiring potential safety management hazard indexes of each layer of building according to the safety management equipment of each layer of building;
and carrying out fire safety assessment on each layer of building according to the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the safety management hidden danger index.
In one possible implementation manner, the acquiring the fire hazard index of each building according to the probability of the sensor alarm of each building and the prior probability of fire occurrence includes:
if a plurality of sensors alarm within a preset time, acquiring a first fire hazard probability according to the condition probability of fire occurrence, the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence;
if one sensor alarms within the preset time, acquiring a second fire hazard probability according to the number of the sensors, the conditional probability of fire occurrence, the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence;
If the sensor alarms within the preset time, acquiring a third fire hazard probability according to the probability of the sensor alarms and the prior probability of fire occurrence;
and acquiring a fire hazard index of each layer of building according to the first fire hazard probability or the second fire hazard probability or the third fire hazard probability.
In one possible implementation manner, the obtaining the disaster vulnerability index of each layer of the building according to the personnel density and the personnel age of each layer of the building includes:
according to the personnel ages of each layer of building, acquiring a plurality of age classes, and acquiring weights of the age classes;
acquiring the number ratio of each age class according to the number of people in each age class and the total number of people in all the age classes;
acquiring an age bearing index according to the weight of each age class and the number proportion;
and obtaining disaster-bearing vulnerability indexes of each layer of building according to the personnel density and the age bearing index.
In one possible implementation manner, before the obtaining the disaster vulnerability index of each layer of the building according to the personnel density and the personnel age of each layer of the building, the method further includes:
If the building is a underground building, acquiring the personnel density of the underground building according to the area of the underground building, the number of vehicles entering and exiting and the number of personnel entering and exiting;
and if the building is an overground building, acquiring the personnel density of the overground building according to the area of the overground building and the number of the in-out personnel.
In one possible implementation manner, the obtaining the fire rescue hidden danger index of each layer of the building according to the abnormal alarm number of the fire fighting facilities of each layer of the building includes:
acquiring a water pressure abnormality alarm index according to the water pressure abnormality alarm quantity;
acquiring a water level abnormality alarm index of the water tank according to the water level abnormality alarm number of the water tank;
acquiring a fire extinguisher displacement alarm index according to the fire extinguisher displacement alarm quantity;
and acquiring fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger indexes of each layer of building according to the water pressure abnormality alarm index, the water level abnormality alarm index of the water tank and the fire extinguisher displacement alarm index.
In one possible implementation manner, the obtaining, according to the safety management device of each layer of the building, the safety management hidden danger index of each layer of the building includes:
And acquiring the potential safety management hazard index of each layer of building according to the non-online rate of the Internet of things equipment, the number of fire hazard alarms, the number of fire monitoring room sleep alarms and the number of fire monitoring room off-duty alarms.
In one possible implementation manner, the fire safety assessment for each layer of the building according to the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index, and the safety management hidden danger index includes:
based on an analytic hierarchy process, acquiring a judging matrix of the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the safety management hidden danger index;
and respectively acquiring the weight of the fire hazard index, the weight of the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the weight of the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the weight of the safety management hidden danger index according to the judgment matrix, and carrying out fire-fighting safety evaluation on each layer of building.
In one possible implementation manner, after the fire safety evaluation is performed on each layer of the building, the method further includes:
performing fire safety evaluation on each layer of building to obtain a hierarchical risk evaluation value of each layer of building;
And acquiring a total risk evaluation value of the building according to the level risk evaluation value, the area of each layer of the building and the total area of the building.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a building fire safety assessment apparatus comprising: at least one processor and memory;
the memory stores computer-executable instructions;
the at least one processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored by the memory, causing the at least one processor to perform the method of building fire safety assessment as described above.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a method for fire safety assessment for a building as described above.
According to the building fire safety assessment method, the device and the medium, the fire hazard index of each layer of building is obtained according to the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence of each layer of building; obtaining disaster-bearing vulnerability indexes of each layer of building according to the personnel density and the personnel age of each layer of building, wherein the building comprises an underground building and an overground building; acquiring fire-fighting rescue hidden danger indexes of each layer of building according to the abnormal alarming quantity of fire-fighting facilities of each layer of building; acquiring potential safety management hazard indexes of each layer of building according to the safety management equipment of each layer of building; and carrying out fire safety assessment on each layer of building according to the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the safety management hidden danger index.
In the method, under the monitoring of the Internet of things system, the probability of a sensor for detecting the fire disaster alarming and the prior probability of the actual occurrence of the fire disaster are obtained, and the fire disaster risk index of each building, namely the possibility of the occurrence of the fire disaster, is confirmed; monitoring the personnel density and the personnel age of each building, and obtaining the disaster-bearing vulnerability index of each building, namely the ability of bearing fire; monitoring the abnormal alarming quantity of the fire-fighting facilities of each building, and acquiring the fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger index of each building, namely the possibility that the fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger index cannot rescue in time, so as to avoid the situation that the fire-fighting facilities cannot rescue in time due to the abnormality; monitoring safety management equipment of each building, acquiring a safety management hidden danger index, and confirming whether hidden danger exists in the safety management equipment and the work managed by the safety management equipment or not, so that the normal operation of the safety management equipment is ensured; and confirming the safety evaluation result of each layer of building according to each index, and dynamically displaying the safety evaluation result on the Internet of things system in real time to ensure the safety of the building.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating fire safety of a building according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a second flow chart of a method for evaluating fire safety of a building according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart III of a method for evaluating fire safety of a building according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a flow chart diagram of a method for evaluating fire safety of a building according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a fire safety assessment device for a building, provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a hardware schematic diagram of a building fire safety assessment device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Once a fire disaster occurs in a high-rise building, a chimney effect is generated, the fire is spread rapidly, people are difficult to evacuate, the building structure is baked and deformed at high temperature, the stress imbalance easily causes integral collapse, the personnel group is dead, the property is seriously lost, and the consequence is very serious.
The prior art manner of risk assessment of buildings also requires further improvement, such as: the general building fire risk assessment method cannot highlight the risk of high-rise fire safety accidents and the fire rescue difficulty without carrying out targeted analysis on the high-rise building, namely the existing method is not suitable for high-rise building fire safety risk assessment to a great extent; or also or alternatively
Through the property and the static attribute of the high-rise building to evaluate, the problems of fire safety risk and the like of the high-rise building cannot be found in time, and the method has a barrier to follow-up timely rescue measures.
Therefore, the method for evaluating the fire-fighting safety of the building, which can be used for timely evaluating the risk, objectively and accurately evaluating the risk and is applicable to high-rise buildings, is provided.
The implementation process of the building fire safety assessment method provided by the application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The scene of building fire safety evaluation that this application embodiment provided includes: the intelligent fire control monitoring system comprises a plurality of sensing devices of the Internet of things, wherein the sensing devices of the Internet of things comprise an intelligent analysis camera of the Internet of things, an intelligent water pressure monitor of the Internet of things, an intelligent fire control water tank water level monitor of the Internet of things, an intelligent smoke sensor of the Internet of things, an intelligent combustible gas detector of the Internet of things, an intelligent manual fire alarm button of the Internet of things and an intelligent fire control electric leakage monitor of the Internet of things;
These thing networking perception devices are all set up in the corresponding position in the building, and wherein thing networking perception intelligent analysis camera can roughly fall into following several categories, include: the first type is video smoke and fire detection, wherein all intelligent monitoring cameras have the detection function and report smoke and fire detection information; the second type is off-duty sleep detection, which is mainly installed in a monitoring room and an on-duty room and reports the information of off-duty sleep of on-duty personnel; thirdly, detecting the fire extinguisher in place, and installing the fire extinguisher obliquely above the fire extinguisher placing position for reporting the information of fire extinguisher loss or displacement and the like; fourth, personnel detection and age identification are installed at the entrances and exits of each floor and are used for counting the entering and leaving quantity of the personnel, meanwhile, the age groups of the personnel are distinguished, and the quantity of the personnel at each floor and the quantity of the personnel at different age groups in the personnel are reported; the fifth category is used for counting the number of vehicles entering and leaving, is arranged at the entrance and exit of each layer of underground garage and is used for reporting the number of vehicles in each layer of underground garage; the sixth category is that the battery car and the gas tank are detected and are arranged in the elevator cab for reporting the elevator entering event of the battery car or the gas tank; the seventh class is that the indoor fire-fighting channel occupation detection is installed in a channel corridor and used for reporting the indoor fire-fighting channel occupation event;
The intelligent water pressure monitor of the Internet of things is used for being arranged at the tail end of each layer of spraying pipeline and an indoor fire hydrant, monitoring the water pressure of the fire fighting pipeline and reporting abnormal water pressure information;
the intelligent fire-fighting water tank water level monitor of the Internet of things is used for being installed in a top fire-fighting water tank, monitoring the water level of the water tank and reporting water level abnormality information;
the intelligent smoke sensor of the Internet of things is used for being installed on the wall of each layer, monitoring environment smoke and stable changes and reporting abnormal information;
the intelligent combustible gas detector of the Internet of things is used for being installed on the wall of each layer, monitoring environment combustible gas and reporting abnormal information;
the intelligent manual fire alarm button of the Internet of things is used for being installed on the side wall of each layer, and if the button is triggered, alarm information is reported;
the intelligent fire-fighting electric leakage monitor of the Internet of things is used for being installed in a total electric box of each layer, monitoring electric fire safety hidden danger in a circuit and reporting abnormal information.
The data perceived by the sensing devices of the internet of things can be correspondingly transmitted to a system module for processing and analysis so as to obtain a risk assessment result of the building, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring the probability of a sensor for detecting the fire and the prior probability of the actual occurrence of the fire, and confirming the fire hazard index of each building, namely the possibility of the fire; monitoring the personnel density and the personnel age of each building, and obtaining the disaster-bearing vulnerability index of each building, namely the ability of bearing fire; monitoring the abnormal alarming quantity of the fire-fighting facilities of each building, and acquiring the fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger index of each building, namely the possibility that the fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger index cannot rescue in time, so as to avoid the situation that the fire-fighting facilities cannot rescue in time due to the abnormality; monitoring safety management equipment of each building, acquiring a safety management hidden danger index, and confirming whether hidden danger exists in the safety management equipment and the work managed by the safety management equipment or not, so that the normal operation of the safety management equipment is ensured; and confirming the fire safety evaluation result of each building according to each index, and dynamically displaying the fire safety evaluation result on the Internet of things system in real time, so that the follow-up corresponding treatment can be performed according to the fire safety evaluation result in time.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating fire safety of a building according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes:
s201, acquiring fire hazard indexes of each building according to the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence of each building.
Each floor of the building is provided with a sensor for alarming and detecting results, including smoke alarming, manual fire alarming and the like, and the sensors are used for alarming, but fire is not necessarily happened, so the prior probability of fire occurrence of each floor can be different according to the prior probability of fire occurrence comprehensively evaluated by historical data, building structures, equipment states and the like; the prior probability of fire occurrence and the probability of sensor alarm are provided, and the conditional probability of fire occurrence can be confirmed so as to further confirm the fire hazard index of each building, namely the risk of fire occurrence.
S202, acquiring disaster-bearing vulnerability indexes of each layer of building according to the personnel density and the personnel age of each layer of building, wherein the building comprises an underground building and an overground building.
The building comprises an upper building and a lower building, wherein each upper building comprises a plurality of floors; the underground building is generally a parking lot, and a plurality of above-ground buildings generally correspond to one parking lot; whether underground or overground building is required to ensure fire safety, ensure personnel to evacuate in time, and the like; the personnel structure of the building can reflect the disaster-bearing vulnerability of the building, and the more difficult the personnel are to evacuate, the greater the disaster-bearing vulnerability of the building is; whether people are well evacuated is related to the personnel density and the personnel age of each building, so the disaster-tolerant vulnerability index of each building is confirmed according to the personnel density and the personnel age.
S203, acquiring fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger indexes of each layer of building according to the abnormal alarm quantity of the fire-fighting facilities of each layer of building.
The fire-fighting facilities can ensure rescue safety, for example, facilities such as a fire extinguisher, a fire hydrant and the like in the fire-fighting facilities need to be ensured to be used normally at any time, so that accidents are not easy to occur when the facilities need to be used; therefore, whether the fire-fighting facilities are abnormal is very worth focusing, abnormal alarming is carried out on the fire-fighting facilities, the greater the abnormal alarming quantity of the fire-fighting facilities is, the more dangerous the building is, and the higher the fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger index of the building is.
S204, according to the safety management equipment of each layer of building, acquiring the safety management hidden danger index of each layer of building.
Besides the devices for alarming and rescuing, the system also comprises safety management devices for managing the devices, and the safety management devices are used for confirming whether the whole Internet of things system works normally, for example, information uploaded by the alarm devices needs to be attended by personnel in a monitoring room, if the monitoring personnel leave a post or the like, potential safety management hazards occur, and rescue is not timely, so that the potential safety management hazard index of each layer of building is confirmed according to the conditions of the safety management devices.
S205, carrying out fire safety assessment on each layer of building according to the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the safety management hidden danger index.
The fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the safety management hidden danger index can all reflect whether the building has fire hazard or not, and by combining the data, fire-fighting safety evaluation can be carried out on each layer of building, and the larger the finally obtained hierarchical risk evaluation value is, the more unsafe is, and the more corresponding equipment needs to be maintained in time.
In the embodiment of the application, under the monitoring of the Internet of things system, the probability of detecting the sensor alarm of the fire and the prior probability of actually occurring the fire are obtained, and the fire hazard index of each building, namely the possibility of occurrence of the fire, is confirmed; monitoring the personnel density and the personnel age of each building, and obtaining the disaster-bearing vulnerability index of each building, namely the ability of bearing fire; monitoring the abnormal alarming quantity of the fire-fighting facilities of each building, and acquiring the fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger index of each building, namely the possibility that the fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger index cannot rescue in time, so as to avoid the situation that the fire-fighting facilities cannot rescue in time due to the abnormality; monitoring safety management equipment of each building, acquiring a safety management hidden danger index, and confirming whether hidden danger exists in the safety management equipment and the work managed by the safety management equipment or not, so that the normal operation of the safety management equipment is ensured; and confirming the safety evaluation result of each layer of building according to each index, and dynamically displaying the safety evaluation result on the Internet of things system in real time to ensure the safety of the building.
Fig. 2 is a second schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating fire safety of a building according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 2, the method includes:
and S301, if a plurality of sensors alarm within a preset time, acquiring a first fire risk probability according to the condition probability of fire occurrence, the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence.
According to different alarm conditions of each building in a period of time, the fire hazard probability of the building can be confirmed; if there are a plurality of sensor alarms in a preset time, the condition probability P (Bi|A) of fire occurrence under the condition of sensor alarm of the building can be obtained according to the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence, such as: p (bi|a) =p (a|bi) ×p (Bi)/P (a); wherein P (a|bi) is the conditional probability of a fire occurrence in the case of an i-th sensor alarm, P (Bi) is the probability of an i-th sensor alarm, P (a) is the prior probability of a fire occurrence, i=1, 2, n, n is the number of sensors of the building, x is the multiplier, and/is the divisor;
according to the conditional probability of fire occurrence and the prior probability of fire occurrence, a first fire risk probability A1 is obtained, for example: a1 =p (a) × (P (b1|a) +p (b2|a) +.
S302, if one sensor alarms within the preset time, acquiring a second fire hazard probability according to the number of the sensors, the condition probability of fire occurrence, the probability of sensor alarms and the prior probability of fire occurrence.
If a sensor alarm exists within the preset time, the condition probability of the fire occurrence under the condition of the sensor alarm of the building can be obtained according to the probability of the sensor alarm and the prior probability of the fire occurrence; acquiring a second fire hazard probability A2 according to the condition probability of fire occurrence, the prior probability of fire occurrence and the number of sensors of the building, wherein the second fire hazard probability A2 comprises the following steps:
A2=P(A)×(P(B1|A)+P(B2|A)+...+P(Bn|A))/n。
s303, if no sensor alarms within the preset time, acquiring a third fire hazard probability according to the probability of the sensor alarms and the prior probability of fire occurrence.
If no sensor alarms within the preset time, a third fire hazard probability A3 can be obtained according to the probability of the sensor alarms and the prior probability of fire occurrence, for example:
A3=P(A)×P(B1)×P(B2)×...×P(Bn)。
s304, acquiring fire hazard indexes of each layer of building according to the first fire hazard probability, the second fire hazard probability or the third fire hazard probability.
Different alarm conditions of the sensor cannot happen simultaneously in the same floor, so that the fire hazard index of each building is obtained according to one of the first fire hazard probability, the second fire hazard probability and the third fire hazard probability; the weights of the fire hazard probabilities in the above different cases are confirmed, and based on these fire hazard probabilities and their weights, the fire hazard index D of each building is obtained, as follows:
D=10×(Aj×0.8+N/ALL×0.2)；
where Aj is the j-th fire risk probability, j=1, 2,3, n is the number of sensors that the building is alarming, ALL is the total number of sensors that the building is involved in fire factor risk.
In the embodiment of the application, through different alarm conditions of the sensor in the same time period under each layer of building, the fire hazard probability is confirmed, and the fire hazard index of each layer of building is further confirmed, so that whether the fire hazard occurs in each layer of building or not is accurately obtained.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart III of a method for evaluating fire safety of a building according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, the method includes:
s401, acquiring a plurality of age classes according to the ages of people in each layer of building, and acquiring weights of the age classes.
Disaster-bearing vulnerability of a building refers to the capability of the building body to bear disasters, and personnel density and personnel age distribution can influence the capability of the building body to bear disasters; because of the mobility of the personnel, the gateway of each building can be provided with a monitoring camera so as to collect the personnel entering and exiting and the age group of the personnel;
the personnel age can be divided into a plurality of age classes, weights are set according to the characteristics of the age classes, for example, the age classes are divided into three classes of children, adults and old people, under the same people flow, the more the children and the old people are, the greater the evacuation difficulty is, the greater the disaster-bearing vulnerability of the building is, the larger the weights can be set relatively, the adults can be evacuated relatively, and the smaller the weights can be set relatively.
S402, acquiring the number proportion of each age hierarchy according to the number of people of each age hierarchy and the total number of people of all the age hierarchies.
For underground buildings, people can be seen as adults; for the above-ground building, the total personnel number of all age groups and the personnel number of each age group can be obtained according to the personnel entering and exiting each building; the number of people in each age group is divided by the total number of people to obtain the number ratio of the age groups.
S403, obtaining an age bearing index according to the weight of each age class and the number proportion.
Multiplying the weight of each age class by the corresponding number ratio, and confirming the proper coefficient to obtain the age bearing index rate, for example: rate=10× (0.4×chi+0.25×adu+0.35×old), where chi is the number of children (weight 0.4), adu is the number of adults (weight 0.25), old is the number of elderly (weight 0.35); for a subterranean building, adu may be 100%.
S404, acquiring disaster-bearing vulnerability indexes of each layer of building according to the personnel density and the age bearing index.
The personnel density of each layer of building is scored according to the personnel density risk value, the age bearing index and the weight thereof, and the disaster-bearing vulnerability index V of the building is obtained, for example: v=0.8×den+0.2×ra, where den is a person density risk value.
The personnel density risk value is determined according to the personnel density, and the mode for confirming the personnel density according to different floors is as follows:
for example, if the building is a underground building, the personnel density of the underground building is obtained according to the area of the underground building, the number of vehicles entering and exiting and the number of personnel entering and exiting;
And if the building is an overground building, acquiring the personnel density of the overground building according to the area of the overground building and the number of the in-out personnel.
For underground buildings, such as underground parking lots, assuming that the average number of passengers on each vehicle is 1.5, the passengers are mature by default, the passengers get in and out of the vehicle and the personnel get in and out are counted; according to the number of vehicles entering and exiting the underground building, the number of people entering and exiting the underground building and the area of the underground building, the personnel density dena of the underground building is obtained, for example: dena= (1.5×max ((enc-exitc), 0) +max ((encpa-exitpa), 0))/Sa, where Sa is the floor area of the underground structure, max () function is a function taking the two maximum values, enc is the number of vehicles entering the underground structure, exitc is the number of vehicles leaving the underground structure, entpa is the number of people entering the underground structure, exitpa is the number of people leaving the underground structure, default parking lot distribution people are adults, and the number of adults accounts for 100%;
for an above-ground building, acquiring personnel access and age distribution of the building according to a monitoring camera at an access of each building; according to the number of people entering and exiting the above-ground building and the area of the above-ground building, the people density denb of the above-ground building is obtained, for example: deb=max ((entpb-exitpb), 0)/Sb, where Sb is the floor area of the superstructure, entpb is the number of people entering the superstructure, exitpb is the number of people leaving the superstructure.
Table 1 is a reference for the risk value of the personnel density according to the value of the personnel density, and the unit of the personnel density p in table 1 is: person/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the For underground buildings, p is a value of dena; for the above-ground building, p is denib; when p=0, that is, when the personnel density is 0, the personnel density risk value takes 0.
TABLE 1
In the embodiment of the application, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index of the building is confirmed through personnel flowing and personnel age, and whether the building is difficult to dredge is confirmed.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart diagram of a method for evaluating fire safety of a building according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, the method includes:
s501, acquiring a water pressure abnormality alarm index according to the water pressure abnormality alarm number.
The fire-fighting facilities responsible for fire rescue are required to be in a normal state at any time, and the abnormal water pressure alarm quantity of each building can be confirmed through the abnormal water pressure alarm (intelligent water pressure monitor of the Internet of things);
according to the water pressure abnormality alarm number, a water pressure abnormality alarm index pres can be obtained, for example: pres=10×min (pre, 1), where the min () function represents the current water pressure anomaly alarm number of a certain building taking the minimum value of both.
S502, acquiring a water tank water level abnormality alarm index according to the water tank water level abnormality alarm number.
The abnormal water level alarm number of the water tank of each building can be confirmed through a water level abnormal alarm (an intelligent fire water tank water level monitor of the Internet of things);
according to the abnormal water level alarm quantity of the water tank, the abnormal water level alarm index leve of the water tank can be obtained, for example: leve=10×min (lev, 1), where lev is the number of current tank water level anomaly alarms for a certain building.
S503, acquiring a fire extinguisher displacement alarm index according to the fire extinguisher displacement alarm number.
The fire extinguisher displacement alarm number of each layer of building can be confirmed through the fire extinguisher displacement alarm;
according to the fire extinguisher displacement alarm quantity, the fire extinguisher displacement alarm index exti can be obtained, for example: exti=10×min (ext, 1), where ext is the current fire extinguisher displacement alarm number for a certain building.
S504, acquiring fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger indexes of each layer of building according to the water pressure abnormality alarm index, the water level abnormality alarm index of the water tank and the fire extinguisher displacement alarm index.
The water pressure abnormality alarm index, the water level abnormality alarm of the water tank and the fire extinguisher displacement alarm are possible to exist simultaneously, so that the conditions are combined, proper weight is allocated, and the fire rescue hidden danger index of each building is confirmed;
The formula for obtaining the fire rescue hidden danger index C of each building is as follows:
C=0.4×pres+0.4×leve+0.3×exti。
in the embodiment of the application, the fire rescue hidden danger index is confirmed so as to ensure the normal work of rescue facilities.
In addition to the normal operation of the fire protection installation, it is also ensured that the equipment and personnel responsible for safety are in good working conditions:
by way of example, the safety management hidden danger index of each layer of building is obtained according to the non-online rate of the Internet of things equipment, the number of fire hazard alarms, the number of fire monitoring room sleep alarms and the number of fire monitoring room off-duty alarms.
Acquiring the number of devices of each layer of building, which are not on-line, of internet of things devices (internet of things sensing devices), and acquiring the total number of the internet of things devices (or all devices); acquiring the non-online rate of the equipment of the Internet of things according to the ratio of the number of the equipment of the Internet of things to the total number of the equipment of the Internet of things; according to the non-linear rate of the internet of things equipment, acquiring a non-linear rate risk index offl of the internet of things equipment, for example:
offl=10×off/alln
wherein off is the equipment quantity that certain layer building networking equipment is not online, all is the total quantity of certain layer building networking equipment.
Acquiring the dangerous goods type of each building, recording the condition of the dangerous goods type entering the building, and distributing weights according to the accumulated entering and entering conditions to acquire a fire hazard goods alarm risk index;
For example, the formula for obtaining the fire hazard alarm risk index dang is:
dang=10×(0.3×min(acc/10,1)+0.7×min(curr/2,1))
the method comprises the steps that acc is the sum of the number of the battery car ladder entrance alarms and the number of the gas tank ladder entrance alarms on the same day when a certain building accumulates, and curr is the sum of the number of the battery car ladder entrance alarms and the number of the gas tank ladder entrance alarms which are currently alarming for the certain building.
Acquiring the working state of a worker monitoring the building condition, and if the worker falls asleep or leaves the sentry, the worker cannot find danger in time; according to the number of the off-duty alarms of the fire monitoring room and the number of the off-duty alarms of the fire monitoring room, the off-duty alarm risk index of the fire monitoring room (duty room) can be obtained;
the formula for acquiring the off-Shift alarm risk index duty of the fire control monitoring room is as follows:
duty=10×(0.3×min(prem/5,1)+0.7×min(cur,1))
the prem is the sum of the number of the off-duty alarms and the number of the sleep alarms which appear on the same day in the accumulation of the duty room, and the cur is the sum of the number of the on-duty alarms and the number of the off-duty alarms which are alarming in the duty room.
The non-online rate of the Internet of things equipment, the number of fire hazard alarms, the number of fire monitoring room sleep alarms and the number of fire monitoring room off-duty alarms can occur simultaneously, and potential safety hazards can be caused; according to the data, the potential safety hazard index of the safety management of each building can be obtained;
The formula for obtaining the potential safety hazard index M is as follows:
M=0.5×offl+0.2×dang+0.3×duty。
the obtained data of each index are objective, and the fire safety evaluation of each building can be obtained by combining the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire rescue hidden danger index and the safety management hidden danger index, for example, the formula is established:
wherein a is 1 A, weighting the potential safety hazard index 2 Weight of fire hazard index, a 3 Weight of disaster-bearing vulnerability index, a 4 The weight of the fire rescue hidden danger index is given;
the weights of the respective indices can be confirmed according to the analytic hierarchy process:
illustratively, based on an analytic hierarchy process, acquiring a judgment matrix of the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire rescue hidden danger index and the safety management hidden danger index;
and respectively acquiring the weight of the fire hazard index, the weight of the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the weight of the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the weight of the safety management hidden danger index according to the judgment matrix, and carrying out fire-fighting safety evaluation on each layer of building.
Acquiring a hierarchical analysis structure of a fire hazard index, a disaster-bearing vulnerability index, a fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and a safety management hidden danger index, and confirming a value according to actual conditions;
Table 2 is a hierarchical analysis structure value of a fire hazard index, a disaster-bearing vulnerability index, a fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and a safety management hidden danger index;
TABLE 2
Establishing a judgment matrix according to the table 2 as follows:
according to the judgment matrix, the importance degree coefficient of each factor can be confirmed to obtain the weight:
W=[0.12,0.50,0.31,0.07]
based on whether the matrix accords with the consistency of the matrix or not, whether the verification result is reasonable or not is judged, and the consistency ratio CR is finally obtained:
CR=CI/RI=0.0075/0.9=0.0083
wherein CI is an index for measuring the inconsistency degree of a judgment matrix (multi-order square matrix), and RI is an average random consistency index; the CR value is smaller than 1, and the reasonable weight distribution is verified;
thus, a 1 =0.12，a 2 =0.5，a 3 =0.31，a 4 =0.07, the hierarchical risk evaluation value Rx is;
wherein x is a hierarchical risk assessment value of the x-th building;
with the hierarchical risk assessment values of the buildings of each layer, the total risk assessment value can be obtained according to the area of the buildings of each layer:
for example, performing fire safety evaluation on each layer of building to obtain a hierarchical risk evaluation value of each layer of building;
and acquiring a total risk evaluation value of the building according to the level risk evaluation value, the area of each layer of the building and the total area of the building.
Acquiring the area ratio of each layer of building according to the area of each layer of building and the ratio of the total area of the overground layer building and the underground layer building of a certain building; acquiring a total risk evaluation value of the building according to the area ratio and the level risk evaluation value of each layer of building;
The formula for acquiring the total risk evaluation value R is:
wherein Sx is the area of the x-th layer building, sall is the total area of the overground layer building and the underground layer building of a certain building; confirming the fire safety condition of the building according to the final value of R;
for example, R.gtoreq.80, a risk rating of 1, 60.ltoreq.R < 80, a risk rating of 2, 40.ltoreq.R < 60, a risk rating of 3, 0.ltoreq.R < 40, a risk rating of 4; the larger the total risk assessment value is, the smaller the grade value is, the larger the building risk is, the maintenance is needed in time, the R value can dynamically react in real time through the Internet of things, and the problems can be timely, objectively and accurately reflected.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a fire safety evaluation device for a building according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, where the device includes: a first analysis module 601, a second analysis module 602, a third analysis module 603, a fourth analysis module 604, and an evaluation module 605;
the first analysis module 601 is configured to obtain a fire risk index of each building according to a probability of sensor alarm and a priori probability of fire occurrence of each building.
And a second analysis module 602, configured to obtain a disaster-bearing vulnerability index of each layer of the building according to the personnel density and the personnel age of each layer of the building, where the building includes an underground layer building and an overground layer building.
And the third analysis module 603 is configured to obtain a fire rescue hidden danger index of each layer of the building according to the abnormal alarm number of the fire fighting facilities of each layer of the building.
And a fourth analysis module 604, configured to obtain a safety management hidden danger index of each layer of the building according to the safety management device of each layer of the building.
The evaluation module 605 is configured to perform fire safety evaluation on each layer of the building according to the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index, and the safety management hidden danger index.
The application also provides a building fire safety assessment device, comprising: at least one processor and memory;
the memory stores computer-executable instructions;
the at least one processor executes computer-executable instructions stored by the memory such that the at least one processor performs a method of building fire safety assessment.
Fig. 6 is a hardware schematic diagram of a building fire safety assessment device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the construction fire safety evaluation apparatus 70 provided in the present embodiment includes: at least one processor 701 and a memory 702. The device 70 further comprises communication means 703. Wherein the processor 701, the memory 702 and the communication means 703 are connected by a bus 704.
In a specific implementation, at least one processor 701 executes computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 702, such that the at least one processor 701 performs the fire safety assessment method as described above.
The specific implementation process of the processor 701 can be referred to the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and this embodiment will not be described herein again.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 6, it should be understood that the processor may be a central processing unit (english: central Processing Unit, abbreviated as CPU), or may be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (english: digital Signal Processor, abbreviated as DSP), application specific integrated circuits (english: application Specific Integrated Circuit, abbreviated as ASIC), or the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the present invention may be embodied directly in a hardware processor for execution, or in a combination of hardware and software modules in a processor for execution.
The Memory may comprise high-speed Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) or may further comprise Non-volatile Memory (NVM), such as at least one disk Memory.
The bus may be an industry standard architecture (Industry Standard Architecture, ISA) bus, an external device interconnect (Peripheral Component, PCI) bus, or an extended industry standard architecture (Extended Industry Standard Architecture, EISA) bus, among others. The buses may be divided into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of illustration, the buses in the drawings of the present application are not limited to only one bus or one type of bus.
The application also provides a computer readable storage medium, wherein the computer readable storage medium stores computer execution instructions, and when a processor executes the computer execution instructions, the method for evaluating the fire safety of the building is realized.
The computer readable storage medium described above may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile memory device or combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. A readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the readable storage medium. In the alternative, the readable storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium may reside in an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuits, ASIC for short). The processor and the readable storage medium may reside as discrete components in a device.
The division of the units is merely a logic function division, and there may be another division manner when actually implemented, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate units may or may not be physically separate, and units shown as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: all or part of the steps for implementing the method embodiments described above may be performed by hardware associated with program instructions. The foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. The program, when executed, performs steps including the method embodiments described above; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks.
Finally, it should be noted that: other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This invention is intended to cover any adaptations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains and as may be applied to the precise construction hereinbefore set forth and shown in the drawings and as follows in the scope of the appended claims. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for evaluating fire safety of a building, comprising:
Acquiring fire hazard indexes of each building according to the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence of each building;
obtaining disaster-bearing vulnerability indexes of each layer of building according to the personnel density and the personnel age of each layer of building, wherein the building comprises an underground building and an overground building;
acquiring fire-fighting rescue hidden danger indexes of each layer of building according to the abnormal alarming quantity of fire-fighting facilities of each layer of building;
acquiring potential safety management hazard indexes of each layer of building according to the safety management equipment of each layer of building;
and carrying out fire safety assessment on each layer of building according to the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the safety management hidden danger index.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the acquiring the fire risk index for each building based on the probability of sensor alarms and the prior probability of fire occurrence for each building comprises:
if a plurality of sensors alarm within a preset time, acquiring a first fire hazard probability according to the condition probability of fire occurrence, the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence;
If one sensor alarms within the preset time, acquiring a second fire hazard probability according to the number of the sensors, the conditional probability of fire occurrence, the probability of sensor alarm and the prior probability of fire occurrence;
if the sensor alarms within the preset time, acquiring a third fire hazard probability according to the probability of the sensor alarms and the prior probability of fire occurrence;
and acquiring a fire hazard index of each layer of building according to the first fire hazard probability or the second fire hazard probability or the third fire hazard probability.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining the disaster vulnerability index of each layer of the building according to the personnel density and the personnel age of each layer of the building comprises:
according to the personnel ages of each layer of building, acquiring a plurality of age classes, and acquiring weights of the age classes;
acquiring the number ratio of each age class according to the number of people in each age class and the total number of people in all the age classes;
acquiring an age bearing index according to the weight of each age class and the number proportion;
And obtaining disaster-bearing vulnerability indexes of each layer of building according to the personnel density and the age bearing index.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to obtaining the disaster vulnerability index for each layer of the building based on the personnel density and personnel age of each layer of the building, the method further comprises:
if the building is a underground building, acquiring the personnel density of the underground building according to the area of the underground building, the number of vehicles entering and exiting and the number of personnel entering and exiting;
and if the building is an overground building, acquiring the personnel density of the overground building according to the area of the overground building and the number of the in-out personnel.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the fire rescue hazard index of each layer of the building according to the abnormal alarm number of the fire fighting facilities of each layer of the building comprises the steps of:
acquiring a water pressure abnormality alarm index according to the water pressure abnormality alarm quantity;
acquiring a water level abnormality alarm index of the water tank according to the water level abnormality alarm number of the water tank;
acquiring a fire extinguisher displacement alarm index according to the fire extinguisher displacement alarm quantity;
And acquiring fire-fighting and rescue hidden danger indexes of each layer of building according to the water pressure abnormality alarm index, the water level abnormality alarm index of the water tank and the fire extinguisher displacement alarm index.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the safety management risk index of each layer of the building according to the safety management device of each layer of the building comprises:
and acquiring the potential safety management hazard index of each layer of building according to the non-online rate of the Internet of things equipment, the number of fire hazard alarms, the number of fire monitoring room sleep alarms and the number of fire monitoring room off-duty alarms.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said fire safety assessment of each layer of said building based on said fire hazard index, said disaster relief vulnerability index, said fire rescue hazard index, said safety management hazard index, comprises:
based on an analytic hierarchy process, acquiring a judging matrix of the fire hazard index, the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the safety management hidden danger index;
and respectively acquiring the weight of the fire hazard index, the weight of the disaster-bearing vulnerability index, the weight of the fire-fighting rescue hidden danger index and the weight of the safety management hidden danger index according to the judgment matrix, and carrying out fire-fighting safety evaluation on each layer of building.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein after said fire safety assessment of each layer of said building, said method further comprises:
performing fire safety evaluation on each layer of building to obtain a hierarchical risk evaluation value of each layer of building;
and acquiring a total risk evaluation value of the building according to the level risk evaluation value, the area of each layer of the building and the total area of the building.
9. A building fire safety assessment apparatus, comprising: at least one processor and memory;
the memory stores computer-executable instructions;
the at least one processor executing computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, causing the at least one processor to perform the building fire safety assessment method of any one of claims 1-8.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the building fire safety assessment method according to any one of claims 1-8.
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