CN117491919A - Optimization method for improving quantum magnetic detection sensitivity - Google Patents
Optimization method for improving quantum magnetic detection sensitivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN117491919A CN117491919A CN202210879565.6A CN202210879565A CN117491919A CN 117491919 A CN117491919 A CN 117491919A CN 202210879565 A CN202210879565 A CN 202210879565A CN 117491919 A CN117491919 A CN 117491919A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000387 optically detected magnetic resonance Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005281 excited state Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005298 paramagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000098 azimuthal photoelectron diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention discloses an optimization method for improving quantum magnetic detection sensitivity, which comprises the following steps: s1: irradiating NV color centers in the diamond sample by Gaussian shaping pulse microwaves; s2: experimental errors caused by NV color center coupling effect and sideband excitation in quantum precision measurement are reduced; s3: and the quantum magnetic detection accuracy and sensitivity are optimized. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the Gaussian shaping pulse used in the scheme writes a microwave waveform, a laser light source and an APD acquisition card through an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG), and compared with the common CW pulse and RP pulse methods, the Gaussian shaping pulse reduces the coupling effect and sideband excitation brought by NV color centers during quantum precise measurement, and improves the measurement precision and the sensor sensitivity; the accuracy and the sensitivity of the sensor are enhanced, and a good basis is provided for subsequent detection and control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of quantum precision measurement, in particular to an optimization method for improving quantum magnetic detection sensitivity.
Background
The diamond NV colour centre is a quantum system with excellent microscopic properties found in recent years, and due to its special properties, zero Phonon Lines (ZPL) can be observed at room temperature.
Some of the laser energy is transferred to phonons and heats the diamond matrix during the photoexcitation-emission cycle due to the NV colour centre. Meanwhile, a small amount of paramagnetic impurities exist in the ensemble NV color center, so that the impurities can be synchronously excited during ODMR detection, a sideband excitation effect is caused, and the sensitivity of the sensor is affected.
These so-called unavoidable problems can be solved by a method called Pulse Quantum Filtering (PQF) technique, which combines pulse optical probe magnetic resonance (RP-ODMR) and pulse shaping techniques.
Pulse shaping technology is an advanced pulse shaping technology that plays an important role in PQF, with pulses of different shapes having different characteristics such as band selectivity, self-focusing behavior, robustness and transition zone. These special properties have been widely used today to perform high resolution quantum imaging and high fidelity quantum operations.
In view of this, there is a need to reduce the impact of diamond sideband excitation on quantum precision measurements, thereby facilitating better and more efficient use of diamond NV colour centre for manipulation and detection in magnetic field detection, temperature measurement or atomic inertial measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defect that in the prior art, when magnetic field detection is carried out aiming at the traditional Continuous (CW) pulse and the traditional Rectangular (RP) pulse light detection magnetic resonance technology, a large amount of paramagnetic resonance impurities existing in diamond during processing are coupled with NV color centers to cause sideband excitation, and provides an optimization method for improving the quantum magnetic detection sensitivity.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an optimization method for improving the quantum magnetic detection sensitivity comprises the following steps:
s1: irradiating NV color centers in the diamond sample by Gaussian shaping pulse microwaves;
s2: experimental errors caused by NV color center coupling effect and sideband excitation in quantum precision measurement are reduced;
s3: and the quantum magnetic detection accuracy and sensitivity are optimized.
Further, in step S1, the Gaussian shaped pulse has the following functional expression
Wherein P (t) is microwave power, t is time, mu is half of microwave pulse width, and sigma is standard deviation of microwave power.
Further, the method is used in the step S3, and specifically further comprises the following steps:
step one: after the diamond NV color center finishes initial polarization, most of spin of nitrogen-vacancy electrons in the diamond is transferred to a spin quantum level 0 state;
step two: before using the data of the array with the column as the priority, numbering all the rows from small to large, and storing the numbers into the array again in the form of columns;
step three: multiplying the line number by the time resolution, the result of which is used as a time variable; rounding if the time to be calculated is not an integer multiple of the time resolution;
step four: using the gaussian function described above, the effective pulse width is the half-width of a single full pulse width; the amplitude value input at the line number corresponding to the converted is calculated by the time before conversion;
step five: the NV color center is irradiated by 2.87GHz microwaves, so that the population numbers of the 0 state and the +/-1 state are reversed, the relative number of intersystem crossing (ISC) of NV color center electrons in an excited state is increased, the intensity of 637nm fluorescence radiated by the NV color center is reduced, the optical contrast is improved, and the ODMR spectrum linewidth is reduced, so that the precision and the sensitivity are improved.
Further, in step S3, an optimized effect evaluation index is further introduced, where the optimized effect evaluation index includes fluorescence intensity, contrast, and ODMR spectrum half-width, where the fluorescence intensity includes fluorescence intensity I when no microwaves are applied off And in the micro-scaleFluorescence intensity I under wave action on 。
Further, in the above-described optimization effect evaluation index:
the lower the fluorescence intensity, the greater the contrast (C);
the narrower the half-width (f), the greater the sensitivity and the higher the optimization efficiency;
on the basis of the above, the ratio G is introduced, G is the ratio of half-width to contrast, and the smaller the ratio is, the higher the optimization efficiency is.
Further, the contrast ratio is calculated by:
wherein I is off For fluorescence intensity without microwave action, I on Is the fluorescence intensity under the action of microwaves.
Further, the calculation method of G is as follows:
wherein C is contrast, f is half-width, and G is the ratio of half-width to contrast.
Further, the optimization effect evaluation index is detected by the following method:
after the NV color center initial polarization process is finished, two sections of pulses with rectangular and shaped microwave waveforms are added, wherein the first section is used for comparison, the second section is used for detection, and the NV color center coupling effect and the sideband excitation intensity are different due to the fact that different pulses are detected, so that the change of a fluorescent signal is caused.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the Gaussian shaping pulse used in the scheme writes a microwave waveform, a laser light source and an APD acquisition card through an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG), and compared with the common CW pulse and RP pulse methods, the Gaussian shaping pulse reduces the coupling effect and sideband excitation brought by NV color centers during quantum precise measurement, and improves the measurement precision and the sensor sensitivity;
by changing the waveform function of the microwave pulse and adopting brand-new Gaussian shaping pulse, the method has extremely important functions when magnetic field detection, temperature measurement and atomic inertia measurement are carried out by utilizing the NV color center;
the characteristics of the shaping pulse in quantum precision measurement are utilized, so that the contrast ratio in quantum magnetic detection is effectively improved, the line width of an ODMR frequency spectrum is reduced, the accuracy and the sensitivity of the sensor are enhanced, and a good foundation is provided for subsequent detection and control.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gaussian shaping microwave pulse used for implementing an optimization method applied to quantum magnetic detection in an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 1 shows:
the abscissa is the microwave duration in milliseconds; the ordinate is microwave power in milliwatts;
FIG. 2 is a complete waveform diagram of an optimization scheme in an embodiment of the invention, in FIG. 2:
the IQ channel is a signal for controlling a microwave source, the M1 channel is a signal for controlling laser with 532nm of diamond NV color center polarization, and the M2 channel is a signal for controlling an APD acquisition card;
FIG. 3 is a complete waveform diagram of a comparative scheme in an embodiment of the invention, FIG. 3:
the IQ channel is a signal for controlling a microwave source, the M1 channel is a signal for controlling laser with 532nm polarized by the diamond NV color center, and the M2 channel is a signal for controlling an APD acquisition card. The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
Fig. 4 is a logic diagram of an implementation of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In the embodiment, the error caused by coupling effect and sideband excitation of the diamond NV color center in quantum precision measurement is reduced by shaping the pulse, and the problem that the actual accuracy and sensitivity of measurement are affected by the sideband excitation caused by using the traditional microwave waveform when the diamond NV color center is in quantum precision measurement is solved.
In addition, since a serious error occurs due to a problem of crosstalk or the like when measurement is performed using a conventional radio frequency pulse.
The application adopts Gaussian shaping pulse, improves the original radio frequency pulse to compensate the coupling effect caused by the radio frequency pulse when spin selection is performed, and improves the frequency selectivity, the system robustness and the self-refocusing behavior.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1-4, an optimization method for improving the quantum magnetic detection sensitivity comprises the following steps:
s1: irradiating NV color centers in the diamond sample by Gaussian shaping pulse microwaves;
specifically, the Gaussian shaped pulse has the following functional expression
Wherein P (t) is the microwave power, t is the time, mu is half of the microwave pulse width, and sigma is the standard deviation of the microwave power.
It should be noted that the gaussian shaping pulse has stronger frequency selectivity and better robustness.
The NV color center can generate paramagnetic resonance impurity and NV color center coupling during ODMR technology detection, so that the thermal effect and sideband excitation of the NV color center are caused, the change of fluorescent signals, the contrast and the ODMR spectrum linewidth of the NV color center are influenced, the actual experimental measurement error is increased, and the sensitivity of the sensor is reduced;
s2: experimental errors caused by NV color center coupling effect and sideband excitation in quantum precision measurement are reduced;
s3: and the quantum magnetic detection accuracy and sensitivity are optimized.
Specifically, in step S3, the method specifically further includes the following steps:
step one: after the diamond NV color center finishes initial polarization, most of spin of nitrogen-vacancy electrons in the diamond is transferred to a spin quantum level 0 state;
step two: before using the data of the array with the column as the priority, numbering all the rows from small to large, and storing the numbers into the array again in the form of columns;
step three: multiplying the line number by the time resolution, the result of which is used as a time variable; rounding if the time to be calculated is not an integer multiple of the time resolution;
step four: using the gaussian function described above, the effective pulse width is the half-width of a single full pulse width; the amplitude value input at the line number corresponding to the converted is calculated by the time before conversion;
step five: the NV color center is irradiated by 2.87GHz microwaves, so that the population numbers of the 0 state and the +/-1 state are reversed, the relative number of intersystem crossing (ISC) of NV color center electrons in an excited state is increased, the intensity of 637nm fluorescence radiated by the NV color center is reduced, the optical contrast is improved, and the ODMR spectrum linewidth is reduced, so that the precision and the sensitivity are improved.
In a preferred embodiment of the same invention, in step S3, an optimized effect evaluation index is also introduced, wherein the optimized effect evaluation index comprises fluorescence intensity, contrast and ODMR spectrum half-width, wherein the fluorescence intensity comprises fluorescence intensity I without microwave action off And fluorescence intensity I under the action of microwave on ；
Specifically, in the above-described optimization effect evaluation index:
the lower the fluorescence intensity, the greater the contrast (C);
the narrower the half-width (f), the greater the sensitivity and the higher the optimization efficiency;
introducing a ratio G on the basis, wherein G is the ratio of half-width to contrast ratio, and the smaller the ratio is, the higher the optimization efficiency is;
the contrast ratio is calculated by the following specific steps:
wherein I is off For fluorescence intensity without microwave action, I on Is the fluorescence intensity under the action of microwaves;
the calculation method of G comprises the following steps:
wherein C is contrast, f is half-width, and G is the ratio of half-width to contrast.
In this embodiment, the optimization effect evaluation index is detected by:
after the NV color center initial polarization process is finished, two sections of pulses with rectangular and shaped microwave waveforms are added, wherein the first section is used for comparison, the second section is used for detection, and the NV color center coupling effect and the sideband excitation intensity are different due to the fact that different pulses are detected, so that the change of a fluorescent signal is caused.
In the present embodiment, the management efficiency evaluation is directed to an evaluation index having a pulse waveform, fluorescence intensity, contrast, and ODMR spectrum half-width.
The efficiency evaluation means that after the planning process is finished, the higher the fluorescence contrast ratio is, the narrower the half-width is, and the higher the magnetic detection optimization efficiency is.
The management efficiency assessment is detected by: after the initial polarization process of the NV color center is finished, a section of Gaussian shaping pulse with a waveform is added for data acquisition and a section of pulse with a waveform of classical square wave is added for data comparison, and the required fluorescent signal is acquired by an Avalanche Photodiode (APD) detection and is acquired by a control data acquisition card. The degree of optimization is different, and the detection fluorescence signals are also different.
The Gaussian shaping pulse used in the scheme is written into a microwave waveform, a laser light source and an APD acquisition card through an Arbitrary Waveform Generator (AWG).
In another preferred embodiment of the same invention, the diamond NV color center is finished through 532nm laser polarization, and then after the APD detects that the diamond NV color center emits a stable fluorescent signal, microwaves are introduced.
The waveform structure which is firstly introduced for a certain time is classical square wave (RP) pulse (shown in figure 3), and signals are collected through APDs and fluorescence signals are compiled to be used as a comparison group;
after the second polarization, a waveform structure with Gaussian shaping pulse microwave (as shown in figure 2) with a certain time is introduced, and signals are collected through APDs and fluorescence signals are compiled to be used as an experimental group.
In addition, in order to effectively evaluate the efficiency of the scheme, evaluation parameters comprising three parameters of fluorescence intensity and contrast and ODMR spectrum half-width are established, when the fluorescence intensity is reduced and the contrast (C) is increased, the half-width (f) is narrowed and the sensitivity is increased, and the ratio G is introduced, wherein the ratio G is the ratio of the half-width to the contrast, and the smaller the ratio is, the higher the optimization efficiency is.
The contrast calculating method comprises the following steps:
the ratio G is calculated as follows:
wherein I is off For fluorescence intensity without microwave action, I on For fluorescence intensity under the action of microwaves, C is contrast, f is half-width, and G is the ratio of half-width to contrast.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An optimization method for improving the sensitivity of quantum magnetic detection is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: irradiating NV color centers in the diamond sample by Gaussian shaping pulse microwaves;
s2: experimental errors caused by NV color center coupling effect and sideband excitation in quantum precision measurement are reduced;
s3: and the quantum magnetic detection accuracy and sensitivity are optimized.
2. The method of optimizing quantum magnetic detection sensitivity according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the gaussian shaped pulse has the following functional expression
Wherein P (t) is microwave power, t is time, mu is half of microwave pulse width, and sigma is standard deviation of microwave power.
3. The optimizing method for improving the quantum magnetic detection sensitivity according to claim 2, which is used in step S3, specifically further comprising the steps of:
step one: after the diamond NV color center finishes initial polarization, most of spin of nitrogen-vacancy electrons in the diamond is transferred to a spin quantum level 0 state;
step two: before using the data of the array with the column as the priority, numbering all the rows from small to large, and storing the numbers into the array again in the form of columns;
step three: multiplying the line number by the time resolution, the result of which is used as a time variable; rounding if the time to be calculated is not an integer multiple of the time resolution;
step four: using the gaussian function described above, the effective pulse width is the half-width of a single full pulse width; the amplitude value input at the line number corresponding to the converted is calculated by the time before conversion;
step five: the NV color center is irradiated by 2.87GHz microwaves, so that the population numbers of the 0 state and the +/-1 state are reversed, the relative number of intersystem crossing (ISC) of NV color center electrons in an excited state is increased, the intensity of 637nm fluorescence radiated by the NV color center is reduced, the optical contrast is improved, and the ODMR spectrum linewidth is reduced, so that the precision and the sensitivity are improved.
4. The optimization method for improving quantum magnetic detection sensitivity according to claim 3, wherein an optimization effect evaluation index is further introduced in step S3, wherein the optimization effect evaluation index includes fluorescence intensity, contrast, and ODMR spectrum half-width, wherein the fluorescence intensity includes fluorescence intensity I without microwave action off And fluorescence intensity I under the action of microwave on 。
5. The optimizing method for improving the sensitivity of quantum magnetic detection according to claim 4, wherein, in the optimizing effect evaluation index:
the lower the fluorescence intensity, the greater the contrast (C);
the narrower the half-width (f), the greater the sensitivity and the higher the optimization efficiency;
on the basis of the above, the ratio G is introduced, G is the ratio of half-width to contrast, and the smaller the ratio is, the higher the optimization efficiency is.
6. The optimization method for improving the quantum magnetic detection sensitivity according to claim 5, wherein the contrast is calculated in the following specific manner:
wherein I is off For fluorescence intensity without microwave action, I on Is the fluorescence intensity under the action of microwaves.
7. The optimization method for improving the quantum magnetic detection sensitivity according to claim 5, wherein the calculation method of G is as follows:
wherein C is contrast, f is half-width, and G is the ratio of half-width to contrast.
8. The optimization method for improving the quantum magnetic detection sensitivity according to claim 5, wherein the optimization effect evaluation index is detected by the following method:
after the NV color center initial polarization process is finished, two sections of pulses with rectangular and shaped microwave waveforms are added, wherein the first section is used for comparison, the second section is used for detection, and the NV color center coupling effect and the sideband excitation intensity are different due to the fact that different pulses are detected, so that the change of a fluorescent signal is caused.
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