CN117491602A - Karst area karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device and monitoring method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a karst region karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof, belonging to the technical field of water conservancy detection and hydrogeology research, and comprising a shell; the bottom of the first shell is connected with the top of the upper ranging component, the bottom of the upper ranging component is connected with the top of the fixed end, and the bottom of the fixed end of the flow measuring component is connected with the top of the lower ranging component; the upper end and the lower end of the movable end of the flow measuring assembly are respectively connected with the interiors of the upper ranging assembly and the lower ranging assembly; the total wire is positioned inside the upper ranging component, the movable end of the flow measuring component and the lower ranging component in sequence from top to bottom and is connected with the electric control ends of the upper ranging component, the flow measuring component and the lower ranging component; the flow measuring assembly comprises a rotating assembly and a speed measuring assembly. Through the mode, the direction of the propeller is adjusted through the swinging rod and the tail wing, so that the flow velocity measurement is more accurate; through stabilising arrangement, can prevent that the device from taking place to rock by a wide margin in rivers, improve measurement accuracy.

Description

Karst area karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device and monitoring method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy detection and hydrogeology research, in particular to a karst region karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof.

Background

Karst areas are easy to generate karst cave due to geological conditions, under natural conditions and human activity influence, an upper earth covering layer is easy to flow into underground water karst cave along with surface water and atmospheric precipitation along karst pipelines, cracks and water falling holes, so that water and soil in the karst areas are lost, and the ecological environment of the karst areas is damaged; therefore, a corresponding monitoring device is needed to test the water and soil leakage condition of karst cave in karst areas, so that corresponding investigation protection measures can be conveniently carried out on ecological environment.

The invention with publication number CN115561482B discloses a liquid level and flow rate monitoring device, which measures the flow rate through an ultrasonic generator and an ultrasonic receiver, and can control the height of a measuring element by using a lifting column so as to measure the liquid levels with different heights.

However, the method cannot measure the distance between the current liquid level and the bottom of the karst cave and the shoreside on two sides, cannot measure the section width of each liquid level, cannot measure the specific flow well, and cannot calculate the loss of sediment.

Based on the above, the invention designs a karst region karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a karst region karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device and a monitoring method thereof.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a karst region karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device comprises a shell;

the bottom of the first shell is connected with the top of an upper ranging component for detecting the distance between the rock walls in the horizontal direction, the bottom of the upper ranging component is connected with the top of a fixed end of a flow measuring component for measuring the flow speed of water flow, and the bottom of the fixed end of the flow measuring component is connected with the top of a lower ranging component for measuring the distance between the rock walls in the vertical direction of a river bed;

the upper end and the lower end of the movable end of the flow measuring assembly are respectively connected with the interiors of the upper ranging assembly and the lower ranging assembly;

the total wire is positioned inside the upper ranging component, the movable end of the flow measuring component and the lower ranging component in sequence from top to bottom and is connected with the electric control ends of the upper ranging component, the flow measuring component and the lower ranging component;

the flow measuring assembly comprises a rotating assembly and a speed measuring assembly; the top and bottom ends of the fixed end of the rotating assembly are respectively connected with the bottom of the upper ranging assembly and the top of the lower ranging assembly, and the upper and lower ends of the movable end of the rotating assembly are respectively connected with the inner walls of the upper ranging assembly and the lower ranging assembly; the middle end of the movable end of the rotating assembly is connected with a speed measuring assembly, the speed measuring assembly is positioned inside the fixed end of the rotating assembly, and the electric control end of the speed measuring assembly is connected with the main wire.

Further, the top contact of upper range finding subassembly is connected with multiunit lead ring, and the inner wall of lead ring is connected with the lateral wall lower extreme contact of first casing.

Further, the rotating assembly comprises an upper rotating ball, a lower rotating ball, a connecting rod, a swinging rod, a tail wing and a water inlet net; the top and the bottom of the water inlet net are respectively connected with the bottom of the upper ranging component and the top of the lower ranging component, and the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the connecting rod are respectively connected with the inner walls of the upper ranging component and the lower ranging component in a rotating way; the top and the bottom of the connecting rod are respectively and fixedly connected with the bottom of the upper rotating ball and the top of the lower rotating ball, and the side walls of the upper rotating ball and the lower rotating ball are respectively connected with the inner walls of the upper ranging component and the lower ranging component; the upper rotating ball, the lower rotating ball and the connecting rod are hollow and are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, and the top of the cavity of the upper rotating ball and the bottom of the cavity of the lower rotating ball are respectively communicated with the interior of the upper ranging assembly and the interior of the lower ranging assembly; the middle ends of the side walls of the connecting rods are fixedly connected with the inner ends of the plurality of groups of swinging rods, the middle ends of the side walls of the connecting rods are fixedly connected with the inner ends of the tail wings, and the swinging rods and the tail wings are positioned on the inner side of the water inlet net; the middle end of the connecting rod is provided with a speed measuring component.

Further, the speed measuring assembly comprises a propeller, a screw rod, a conductive cam and a flow measuring wire box; the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod is rotationally connected with the side wall of the screw rod, and the inner end and the outer end of the screw rod are fixedly connected with the conductive cam and the outer end and the inner end of the screw propeller respectively; the middle end of the inner wall of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with the side wall of the current measurement wire box, the contact end of the conductive cam is in contact connection with the conductive cam, and the current measurement wire box is electrically connected with the total wire through a wire.

Further, the upper ranging component comprises a second shell, a first rotating cavity, a horizontal ranging cavity and a horizontal range finder; the top and the bottom of the second shell are respectively in threaded connection with the bottom of the first shell and the top of the water inlet net; the upper end of the inner wall of the second shell is provided with a first rotating cavity, and the side wall of the upper rotating ball is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the first rotating cavity; the lateral wall middle-end of second casing has seted up multiunit horizontal range finding chamber, and the inner wall in horizontal range finding chamber all imbeds and is connected with the horizontal range finder, and the inner end of horizontal range finder all passes the lateral wall and the total wire electricity of second casing and connecting rod through the wire and is connected.

Furthermore, the horizontal distance meters are uniformly distributed with four groups along the circumferential direction of the second shell.

Further, the lower ranging component comprises a third shell, a second rotating cavity, a vertical ranging cavity and a vertical range finder; the top of the third shell is in threaded connection with the bottom of the water inlet net, a second rotating cavity is formed in the upper end of the inner wall of the third shell, and the side wall of the lower rotating ball is in rotary connection with the inner wall of the second rotating cavity; the bottom of third casing has seted up perpendicular range finding chamber, and the inside embedding in perpendicular range finding chamber is connected with perpendicular range finder, and the top of perpendicular range finder is connected with total wire electricity through the wire.

Furthermore, the second shell and the third shell are formed by splicing symmetrical two-part shells through screw thread connection.

Furthermore, the horizontal distance meter and the vertical distance meter adopt BA9D-60m type laser distance meters.

In order to better achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention also provides a monitoring method of the karst region karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device, which comprises the following steps:

step one: hanging the first shell in a karst area karst cave, placing a water inlet net of a rotating assembly of a flow measurement assembly, an upper ranging assembly and a lower ranging assembly under water, and installing a lead ring at the lower end of the first shell to stabilize the device, wherein if water flow in the karst cave is in a flowing state, the water flow passes through the water inlet net; the swinging rod and the tail wing are influenced by water flow, and the upper rotating ball, the lower rotating ball and the connecting rod are driven to rotate, so that the propeller of the speed measuring assembly is always opposite to the water flow direction;

step two: the propeller is driven to rotate by water flow, meanwhile, the propeller rod and the conductive cam are driven to rotate, the conductive cam is periodically contacted with the contact end of the current measurement wire box according to the rotating speed, an electric signal is sent out, the electric signal is transmitted to an external processor through a total wire, the rotating speed of the propeller is obtained according to the frequency of the signal, and therefore the flow speed of the water flow is obtained;

step three: the distance of the surrounding rock wall in all directions can be measured through a horizontal range finder arranged in a horizontal range finding cavity on the second shell of the upper range finding assembly; the height of the current measuring instrument from the bottom of the water body can be obtained through the vertical distance measuring instrument arranged on the vertical distance measuring cavity of the third shell, so that the average flow cross-section area is obtained, the average water depth, the average flow cross-section area and the average flow velocity in a period of time are obtained through periodic sampling in a set time, and the average flow is obtained;

step four: sampling a karst cave water sample on site to obtain the sand content in the water body, so that the sand content of the flowing water body in a period of time can be obtained according to the flow obtained by the detector; and calculating the product of the change value of the distance between the bottom of the karst cave and the detector in a period of time and the cross-sectional area of the karst cave to obtain the bottom sediment quantity, and adding the bottom sediment quantity and the cross-sectional area to obtain the sum of the water and soil loss quantity.

The invention has the following technical effects:

1. according to the invention, the direction of the propeller is adjusted through the swinging rod and the tail wing, so that the propeller is directed in the water flow direction at any time, and the flow velocity measurement is more accurate; the center of gravity is stabilized through the lead ring, so that the device can be prevented from shaking greatly in water flow, the stability of the device is improved, and the measurement accuracy is improved;

2. according to the invention, the horizontal distance meter arranged in the horizontal distance measuring cavity on the second shell of the upper distance measuring assembly can measure the distance of the surrounding rock wall in all directions, so that the average flow cross-section area is obtained, and the corresponding flow can be obtained by combining the rotating speed of the propeller of the speed measuring assembly, so that the sediment loss can be conveniently counted;

3. according to the invention, the height of the current measuring instrument from the bottom of the water body can be obtained through the vertical distance measuring instrument arranged on the vertical distance measuring cavity of the third shell, so that the deposition variation thickness of sediment at the bottom of the karst cave is calculated, and the deposition amount at the bottom is calculated.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device of the invention;

FIG. 2 is an elevation view of a karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a second perspective view of the karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the direction A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view at B in FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view at C in FIG. 4;

fig. 7 is an enlarged view of D in fig. 4.

Reference numerals in the drawings represent respectively:

1. a first housing; 2. a flow measurement assembly; 21. a rotating assembly; 211. an upper spin ball; 212. a lower spin ball; 213. a connecting rod; 214. a swinging rod; 215. a tail wing; 216. a water inlet net; 22. a speed measuring component; 221. a propeller; 222. a screw rod; 223. a conductive cam; 224. a current measurement wire box; 3. an upper ranging assembly; 31. a second housing; 32. a first rotation chamber; 33. a horizontal ranging cavity; 34. a horizontal distance meter; 4. a lower ranging assembly; 41. a third housing; 42. a second rotation chamber; 43. a vertical ranging cavity; 44. a vertical range finder; 5. a total wire; 6. and (5) lead rings.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

The invention is further described below with reference to examples.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1-7 of the specification, a karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device includes a first housing 1;

the bottom of the first shell 1 is connected with the top of an upper ranging component 3 for detecting the distance of a rock wall in the horizontal direction, the bottom of the upper ranging component 3 is connected with the top of a fixed end of a flow measuring component 2 for measuring the flow velocity of water, and the bottom of the fixed end of the flow measuring component 2 is connected with the top of a lower ranging component 4 for measuring the distance of a river bed in the vertical direction;

the upper end and the lower end of the movable end of the flow measuring assembly 2 are respectively connected with the interiors of the upper ranging assembly 3 and the lower ranging assembly 4;

the total lead 5 is located inside the upper ranging component 3, the movable end of the current measuring component 2 and the lower ranging component 4 in sequence from top to bottom, and is connected with the electric control ends of the upper ranging component 3, the current measuring component 2 and the lower ranging component 4.

Preferably, a plurality of groups of lead rings 6 are connected to the top of the upper ranging component 3 in a contact manner, and the inner wall of each lead ring 6 is connected to the lower end of the side wall of the first shell 1 in a contact manner.

The flow measuring assembly 2 comprises a rotating assembly 21 and a speed measuring assembly 22; the top and bottom ends of the fixed end of the rotating assembly 21 are respectively connected with the bottom of the upper ranging assembly 3 and the top of the lower ranging assembly 4, and the upper and lower ends of the movable end of the rotating assembly 21 are respectively connected with the inner walls of the upper ranging assembly 3 and the lower ranging assembly 4; the middle end of the movable end of the rotating assembly 21 is connected with a speed measuring assembly 22, the speed measuring assembly 22 is positioned inside the fixed end of the rotating assembly 21, and the electric control end of the speed measuring assembly 22 is connected with the main conductor 5.

The rotating assembly 21 comprises an upper rotating ball 211, a lower rotating ball 212, a connecting rod 213, a swinging rod 214, a tail fin 215 and a water inlet net 216; the top and the bottom of the water inlet net 216 are respectively connected with the bottom of the upper ranging component 3 and the top of the lower ranging component 4, and the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the connecting rod 213 are respectively connected with the inner walls of the upper ranging component 3 and the lower ranging component 4 in a rotating way; the top and the bottom of the connecting rod 213 are fixedly connected with the bottom of the upper rotary ball 211 and the top of the lower rotary ball 212 respectively, and the side walls of the upper rotary ball 211 and the lower rotary ball 212 are connected with the inner walls of the upper ranging component 3 and the lower ranging component 4 respectively; the interiors of the upper rotating ball 211, the lower rotating ball 212 and the connecting rod 213 are hollow and are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, and the top of the cavity of the upper rotating ball 211 and the bottom of the cavity of the lower rotating ball 212 are respectively communicated with the interiors of the upper ranging assembly 3 and the lower ranging assembly 4; the middle ends of the side walls of the connecting rods 213 are fixedly connected with the inner ends of the plurality of groups of swinging rods 214, the middle ends of the side walls of the connecting rods 213 are fixedly connected with the inner ends of the tail fins 215, and the swinging rods 214 and the tail fins 215 are positioned on the inner side of the water inlet net 216; the middle end of the connecting rod 213 is mounted with the tachometer assembly 22.

The speed measuring assembly 22 comprises a propeller 221, a screw rod 222, a conductive cam 223 and a flow measuring wire box 224; the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod 213 is rotationally connected with the side wall of the screw rod 222, and the inner end and the outer end of the screw rod 222 are fixedly connected with the conductive cam 223 and the outer end and the inner end of the screw 221 respectively; the middle end of the inner wall of the connecting rod 213 is fixedly connected with the side wall of the current measuring wire box 224, the contact end of the conductive cam 223 is in contact connection with the conductive cam 223, and the current measuring wire box 224 is electrically connected with the total wire 5 through a wire.

When the karst cave water inlet device works, the first shell 1 is hung in a karst cave of a karst region, the water inlet net 216, the upper ranging component 3 and the lower ranging component 4 of the rotating component 21 of the flow measuring component 2 are all placed under water, the lead ring 6 is arranged at the lower end of the first shell 1 to stabilize the device, and if water flow in the karst cave is in a flowing state, the water flow passes through the water inlet net 216; the swing rod 214 and the tail fin 215 are influenced by water flow, and drive the upper rotary ball 211, the lower rotary ball 212 and the connecting rod 213 to rotate, so that the propeller 221 of the speed measuring assembly 22 is always opposite to the water flow direction; the propeller 221 is driven to rotate by water flow, meanwhile, the propeller 222 and the conductive cam 223 are driven to rotate, the conductive cam 223 is periodically contacted with the contact end of the current measurement wire box 224 according to the rotating speed, an electric signal is sent out, the electric signal is transmitted to an external processor through the total wire 5, and the rotating speed of the propeller 221 is obtained according to the frequency of the signal, so that the flow speed of the water flow is obtained; according to the measurement of the upper ranging component 3 and the lower ranging component 4, the depth of the current detector and the width between the rock walls at two sides can be obtained, so that the flow cross-section area is obtained, the periodic sampling is carried out by the set time, the average water depth, the average flow cross-section area and the average flow velocity in a period of time are obtained, and the average flow is obtained; sampling a karst cave water sample on site to obtain the sand content in the water body, so that the sand content of the flowing water body in a period of time can be obtained according to the flow obtained by the detector; calculating the product of the change value of the distance between the bottom of the karst cave and the detector in a period of time and the cross-sectional area of the karst cave to obtain the bottom sediment quantity, and adding the bottom sediment quantity and the bottom sediment quantity to obtain the sum of water and soil loss quantity; the direction of the propeller 221 is adjusted through the swing rod 214 and the tail fin 215, so that the propeller 221 faces the water flow direction at any time, and the flow velocity measurement is more accurate; the center of gravity is stabilized through the lead ring 6, so that the device can be prevented from shaking greatly in water flow, the stability of the device is improved, and the measurement accuracy is improved.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-7, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper ranging assembly 3 includes a second housing 31, a first rotating chamber 32, a horizontal ranging chamber 33, and a horizontal range finder 34; the top and the bottom of the second shell 31 are respectively connected with the bottom of the first shell 1 and the top of the water inlet net 216 in a threaded manner; the upper end of the inner wall of the second shell 31 is provided with a first rotating cavity 32, and the side wall of the upper rotating ball 211 is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the first rotating cavity 32; the lateral wall middle-end of second casing 31 has seted up multiunit level range finding chamber 33, and the inner wall in level range finding chamber 33 all imbeds and is connected with level range finder 34, and the inner end of level range finder 34 all passes the lateral wall and the total wire 5 electricity of second casing 31 and connecting rod 213 through the wire and is connected.

Preferably, the horizontal distance meters 34 are uniformly distributed in four groups along the circumferential direction of the second housing 31.

When the invention works, the distance of the surrounding rock wall in all directions can be measured through the horizontal distance meter 34 arranged in the horizontal distance measuring cavity 33 on the second shell 31 of the upper distance measuring assembly 3, so that the average flow cross-section area can be obtained, and the corresponding flow can be obtained by combining the rotating speed of the propeller 221 of the speed measuring assembly 22 of the flow measuring assembly 2, so that the sediment loss can be conveniently counted.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1-7, the lower ranging assembly 4 includes a third housing 41, a second rotation chamber 42, a vertical ranging chamber 43, and a vertical range finder 44 as a preferred embodiment of the present invention; the top of the third shell 41 is in threaded connection with the bottom of the water inlet net 216, the upper end of the inner wall of the third shell 41 is provided with a second rotating cavity 42, and the side wall of the lower rotating ball 212 is in rotary connection with the inner wall of the second rotating cavity 42; the bottom of the third shell 41 is provided with a vertical distance measuring cavity 43, a vertical distance measuring instrument 44 is embedded and connected in the vertical distance measuring cavity 43, and the top of the vertical distance measuring instrument 44 is electrically connected with the total wire 5 through a wire.

Preferably, the second housing 31 and the third housing 41 are formed by splicing symmetrical two-part housings through screw threads.

Preferably, the horizontal range finder 34 and the vertical range finder 44 are BA9D-60m type laser range finders.

When the invention works, the height of the current measuring instrument from the bottom of the water body can be obtained through the vertical distance measuring instrument 44 arranged on the vertical distance measuring cavity 43 of the third shell 41, so that the deposition variation thickness of sediment at the bottom of the karst cave is calculated and used for calculating the bottom deposition amount.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1-7 of the specification, a method for monitoring a karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device includes the following steps:

step one: the first shell 1 is hung in a karst cave of a karst area, the water inlet net 216, the upper ranging component 3 and the lower ranging component 4 of the rotating component 21 of the flow measuring component 2 are all placed under water, a lead ring 6 is arranged at the lower end of the first shell 1 to stabilize the device, and if water flow in the karst cave is in a flowing state, the water flow passes through the water inlet net 216; the swing rod 214 and the tail fin 215 are influenced by water flow, and drive the upper rotary ball 211, the lower rotary ball 212 and the connecting rod 213 to rotate, so that the propeller 221 of the speed measuring assembly 22 is always opposite to the water flow direction;

step two: the propeller 221 is driven to rotate by water flow, meanwhile, the propeller 222 and the conductive cam 223 are driven to rotate, the conductive cam 223 is periodically contacted with the contact end of the current measurement wire box 224 according to the rotating speed, an electric signal is sent out, the electric signal is transmitted to an external processor through the total wire 5, and the rotating speed of the propeller 221 is obtained according to the frequency of the signal, so that the flow speed of the water flow is obtained;

step three: the distance of the surrounding rock wall in all directions can be measured by a horizontal distance meter 34 arranged in a horizontal distance measuring cavity 33 on a second shell 31 of the upper distance measuring assembly 3; the height of the current measuring instrument from the bottom of the water body can be obtained through the vertical distance measuring instrument 44 arranged on the vertical distance measuring cavity 43 of the third shell 41, so that the average flow cross-section area is obtained, and the average water depth, the average flow cross-section area and the average flow velocity in a period of time are obtained through periodical sampling in a set time, so that the average flow rate is obtained;

step four: sampling a karst cave water sample on site to obtain the sand content in the water body, so that the sand content of the flowing water body in a period of time can be obtained according to the flow obtained by the detector; and calculating the product of the change value of the distance between the bottom of the karst cave and the detector in a period of time and the cross-sectional area of the karst cave to obtain the bottom sediment quantity, and adding the bottom sediment quantity and the cross-sectional area to obtain the sum of the water and soil loss quantity.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Karst district karst cave soil and water loss monitoring devices, including casing (1), its characterized in that:

the bottom of the first shell (1) is connected with the top of an upper ranging component (3) for detecting the distance of a rock wall in the horizontal direction, the bottom of the upper ranging component (3) is connected with the top of a fixed end of a flow measuring component (2) for measuring the flow velocity of water, and the bottom of the fixed end of the flow measuring component (2) is connected with the top of a lower ranging component (4) for measuring the distance of a river bed in the vertical direction;

the upper end and the lower end of the movable end of the flow measuring assembly (2) are respectively connected with the interiors of the upper ranging assembly (3) and the lower ranging assembly (4);

the total wire (5) is sequentially positioned in the upper ranging component (3), the movable end of the flow measuring component (2) and the lower ranging component (4) from top to bottom, and is connected with the upper ranging component (3), the flow measuring component (2) and the electric control end of the lower ranging component (4);

the flow measuring assembly (2) comprises a rotating assembly (21) and a speed measuring assembly (22); the top and bottom ends of the fixed end of the rotating assembly (21) are respectively connected with the bottom of the upper ranging assembly (3) and the top of the lower ranging assembly (4), and the upper and lower ends of the movable end of the rotating assembly (21) are respectively connected with the inner walls of the upper ranging assembly (3) and the lower ranging assembly (4); the middle end of the movable end of the rotating assembly (21) is connected with a speed measuring assembly (22), the speed measuring assembly (22) is positioned in the fixed end of the rotating assembly (21), and the electric control end of the speed measuring assembly (22) is connected with the total wire (5).

2. The karst region karst cave water and soil leakage monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of groups of lead rings (6) are connected to the top of the upper ranging component (3) in a contact manner, and the inner wall of each lead ring (6) is connected to the lower end of the side wall of the first shell (1) in a contact manner.

3. The karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein the rotating assembly (21) comprises an upper rotating ball (211), a lower rotating ball (212), a connecting rod (213), a swinging rod (214), a tail fin (215) and a water inlet network (216); the top and the bottom of the water inlet net (216) are respectively connected with the bottom of the upper ranging component (3) and the top of the lower ranging component (4), and the upper end and the lower end of the side wall of the connecting rod (213) are respectively connected with the inner walls of the upper ranging component (3) and the lower ranging component (4) in a rotating way; the top and the bottom of the connecting rod (213) are respectively and fixedly connected with the bottom of the upper rotary ball (211) and the top of the lower rotary ball (212), and the side walls of the upper rotary ball (211) and the lower rotary ball (212) are respectively connected with the inner walls of the upper ranging component (3) and the lower ranging component (4); the upper rotating ball (211), the lower rotating ball (212) and the connecting rod (213) are hollow and are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, and the top of the cavity of the upper rotating ball (211) and the bottom of the cavity of the lower rotating ball (212) are respectively communicated with the inside of the upper ranging component (3) and the inside of the lower ranging component (4); the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod (213) is fixedly connected with the inner ends of a plurality of groups of swinging rods (214), the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod (213) is fixedly connected with the inner ends of tail wings (215), and the swinging rods (214) and the tail wings (215) are both positioned at the inner side of a water inlet network (216); the middle end of the connecting rod (213) is provided with a speed measuring component (22).

4. A karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the speed measurement assembly (22) comprises a propeller (221), a screw rod (222), a conductive cam (223) and a current measurement wire box (224); the middle end of the side wall of the connecting rod (213) is rotationally connected with the side wall of the screw rod (222), and the inner end and the outer end of the screw rod (222) are fixedly connected with the conductive cam (223) and the outer end and the inner end of the screw propeller (221) respectively; the middle end of the inner wall of the connecting rod (213) is fixedly connected with the side wall of the current measurement wire box (224), the contact end of the conductive cam (223) is in contact connection with the conductive cam (223), and the current measurement wire box (224) is electrically connected with the total wire (5) through a wire.

5. The karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device according to claim 4, characterized in that the upper ranging assembly (3) comprises a second housing (31), a first rotation chamber (32), a horizontal ranging chamber (33) and a horizontal range finder (34); the top and the bottom of the second shell (31) are respectively in threaded connection with the bottom of the first shell (1) and the top of the water inlet net (216); the upper end of the inner wall of the second shell (31) is provided with a first rotating cavity (32), and the side wall of the upper rotating ball (211) is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the first rotating cavity (32); a plurality of groups of horizontal distance measuring cavities (33) are formed in the middle end of the side wall of the second shell (31), a horizontal distance measuring instrument (34) is embedded and connected into the inner wall of each horizontal distance measuring cavity (33), and the inner ends of the horizontal distance measuring instruments (34) are electrically connected with the total wire (5) through wires penetrating through the side walls of the second shell (31) and the connecting rods (213).

6. The karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device according to claim 5, wherein the horizontal distance meters (34) are uniformly distributed with four groups along the circumferential direction of the second housing (31).

7. The karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device of claim 6, wherein the lower ranging assembly (4) comprises a third housing (41), a second rotation chamber (42), a vertical ranging chamber (43) and a vertical ranging meter (44); the top of the third shell (41) is in threaded connection with the bottom of the water inlet net (216), a second rotating cavity (42) is formed in the upper end of the inner wall of the third shell (41), and the side wall of the lower rotating ball (212) is in rotary connection with the inner wall of the second rotating cavity (42); a vertical distance measuring cavity (43) is formed in the bottom of the third shell (41), a vertical distance measuring instrument (44) is embedded and connected in the vertical distance measuring cavity (43), and the top of the vertical distance measuring instrument (44) is electrically connected with the total wire (5) through a wire.

8. The karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device according to claim 7, wherein the second housing (31) and the third housing (41) are formed by splicing symmetrical two-part housings through screw thread connection.

9. The karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device of claim 8, wherein the horizontal range finder (34) and the vertical range finder (44) are BA9D-60m type laser range finders.

10. A method of monitoring a karst region karst cave water and soil loss monitoring device as claimed in claim 9, comprising the steps of:

step one: hanging the first shell (1) in a karst cave of a karst area, arranging a water inlet net (216), an upper ranging component (3) and a lower ranging component (4) of a rotating component (21) of a current measuring component (2) under water, and installing a lead ring (6) at the lower end of the first shell (1) to stabilize the device, wherein if water flow in the karst cave is in a flowing state, the water flow passes through the water inlet net (216); the swinging rod (214) and the tail fin (215) are influenced by water flow, and drive the upper rotating ball (211), the lower rotating ball (212) and the connecting rod (213) to rotate, so that a propeller (221) of the speed measuring assembly (22) is always opposite to the water flow direction;

step two: the propeller (221) is driven to rotate by water flow, meanwhile, the propeller rod (222) and the conductive cam (223) are driven to rotate, the conductive cam (223) is periodically contacted with the contact end of the current measurement wire box (224) according to the rotating speed, an electric signal is sent out, the electric signal is transmitted to an external processor through the total wire (5), the rotating speed of the propeller (221) is obtained according to the frequency of the signal, and therefore the flow speed of the water flow is obtained;

step three: the distance of the surrounding rock wall in all directions can be measured by a horizontal distance meter (34) arranged in a horizontal distance measuring cavity (33) on a second shell (31) of the upper distance measuring assembly (3); the height of the current measuring instrument from the bottom of the water body can be obtained through a vertical distance meter (44) arranged on a vertical distance measuring cavity (43) of the third shell (41), so that the average flow cross-section area is obtained, the average water depth, the average flow cross-section area and the average flow velocity in a period of time are obtained through periodic sampling in a set time, and the average flow is obtained;

step four: sampling a karst cave water sample on site to obtain the sand content in the water body, so that the sand content of the flowing water body in a period of time can be obtained according to the flow obtained by the detector; and calculating the product of the change value of the distance between the bottom of the karst cave and the detector in a period of time and the cross-sectional area of the karst cave to obtain the bottom sediment quantity, and adding the bottom sediment quantity and the cross-sectional area to obtain the sum of the water and soil loss quantity.