CN117491154B - Tunnel local component static test loading device based on reinforcement gabion - Google Patents
Tunnel local component static test loading device based on reinforcement gabion Download PDFInfo
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 150
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- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 101100012902 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) FIG2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于钢筋碎石笼的隧道局部构件静力试验加载装置，属于隧道试验加载装置技术领域，钢筋碎石笼构件的两端形成朝内倾斜的斜面，钢筋碎石笼构件的左右两侧面分别与两块钢垫板抵接，钢筋碎石笼构件的前后两侧面分别与前侧钢板和后侧钢板抵接；钢筋碎石笼构件的上侧设置有若干加载板，加载板沿着钢筋碎石笼的上表面依次设置，加载板的弯曲弧度与钢筋碎石笼构件的曲率一致，每一加载板的背侧通过千斤顶连接至反力架。本发明为国内首次提出的一种由钢筋碎石笼构建的隧道局部构件静力试验加载装置，可以反映此类隧道构件的真实受力情况，从而降低制作成本和提高试验效率，也可以模拟部分围岩和构件“脱空”时的受力情况。
The present invention discloses a static test loading device for local components of a tunnel based on a reinforced gabion cage, which belongs to the technical field of tunnel test loading devices. The two ends of the reinforced gabion cage component form an inwardly inclined slope, the left and right sides of the reinforced gabion cage component are respectively abutted against two steel pads, and the front and rear sides of the reinforced gabion cage component are respectively abutted against the front steel plate and the rear steel plate; a plurality of loading plates are arranged on the upper side of the reinforced gabion cage component, and the loading plates are arranged in sequence along the upper surface of the reinforced gabion cage, the curvature of the loading plates is consistent with the curvature of the reinforced gabion cage component, and the back side of each loading plate is connected to a reaction frame through a jack. The present invention is a static test loading device for local components of a tunnel constructed by a reinforced gabion cage, which is proposed for the first time in China. It can reflect the actual stress conditions of such tunnel components, thereby reducing production costs and improving test efficiency, and can also simulate the stress conditions when some surrounding rocks and components are "empty".
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于隧道试验加载装置技术领域，具体涉及一种基于钢筋碎石笼的隧道局部构件静力试验加载装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel test loading devices, and in particular relates to a tunnel local component static test loading device based on reinforced stone cages.
背景技术Background technique
随着交通事业的大力发展以及人们出行需求的日益增长，越来越多隧道朝着大断面方向发展。试验是研究隧道的加载力学性能重要方法，而全环足尺试验具有操作难度大和成本高昂等问题。已有研究中多采用相似实验原理对大断面隧道进行模型试验，也存在工序复杂、成本高、实操性难等问题，严重限制了其适用范围，不利于不同类型隧道结构力学性能的进一步研究。也有少量前人尝试通过测定隧道构件承载力来反映隧道加载力学性能，主要采用的是牛腿构件从两侧进行加载。由于钢筋碎石笼内部填石是离散介质，其受力和传力机制区别于混凝土结构，不能简单套用以往的混凝土衬砌结构加载方式。需要指出的是，目前尚未有针对基于钢筋碎石笼的隧道构件加载装置研究。With the vigorous development of transportation and the growing demand for people's travel, more and more tunnels are developing in the direction of large cross-sections. Experiments are an important method for studying the loading mechanical properties of tunnels, but full-ring full-scale tests have problems such as high difficulty in operation and high cost. In existing studies, similar experimental principles are often used to conduct model tests on large-section tunnels, which also have problems such as complex procedures, high costs, and difficulty in practical operation, which seriously limits its scope of application and is not conducive to further research on the mechanical properties of different types of tunnel structures. There are also a small number of predecessors who have tried to reflect the loading mechanical properties of tunnels by measuring the bearing capacity of tunnel components, mainly using corbel components to load from both sides. Since the stone filling inside the reinforced gabion cage is a discrete medium, its force and force transmission mechanism is different from that of the concrete structure, and the previous concrete lining structure loading method cannot be simply applied. It should be pointed out that there is currently no research on the loading device of tunnel components based on reinforced gabion cages.
发明内容Summary of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种基于钢筋碎石笼的隧道局部构件静力试验加载装置，可以反映此类隧道构件的真实受力情况。In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a static test loading device for local tunnel components based on reinforced gabion cages, which can reflect the actual stress conditions of such tunnel components.
为达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
本发明一种基于钢筋碎石笼的隧道局部构件静力试验加载装置，包括合围呈矩形的左侧钢板、右侧钢板、前侧钢板和后侧钢板，所述左侧钢板和右侧钢板相对的一侧均安装有固定铰支座，所述固定铰支座连接有钢垫板，两块钢垫板之间安装有钢筋碎石笼构件，所述钢筋碎石笼构件呈拱形，所述钢筋碎石笼构件的两端形成朝内倾斜的斜面，所述钢筋碎石笼构件的左右两侧面分别与两块钢垫板抵接，所述钢筋碎石笼构件的前后两侧面分别与前侧钢板和后侧钢板抵接；所述钢筋碎石笼构件的上侧设置有若干加载板，所述加载板沿着钢筋碎石笼的上表面依次设置，所述加载板的弯曲弧度与钢筋碎石笼构件的曲率一致，每一加载板的背侧通过千斤顶连接至反力架。The invention discloses a static test loading device for local components of a tunnel based on a reinforced gabion cage, comprising a left steel plate, a right steel plate, a front steel plate and a rear steel plate which are enclosed in a rectangular shape, wherein fixed hinge supports are installed on opposite sides of the left steel plate and the right steel plate, wherein the fixed hinge supports are connected with a steel pad, and a reinforced gabion cage component is installed between the two steel pads, wherein the reinforced gabion cage component is arched, and two ends of the reinforced gabion cage component form inwardly inclined inclined surfaces, and the left and right side surfaces of the reinforced gabion cage component are respectively abutted against the two steel pads, and the front and rear side surfaces of the reinforced gabion cage component are respectively abutted against the front steel plate and the rear steel plate; a plurality of loading plates are arranged on the upper side of the reinforced gabion cage component, and the loading plates are arranged in sequence along the upper surface of the reinforced gabion cage, and the bending arc of the loading plates is consistent with the curvature of the reinforced gabion cage component, and the back side of each loading plate is connected to a reaction frame through a jack.
进一步，所述反力架的两端通过螺栓和垫板连接有工字钢，所述工字钢固定与左侧钢板或右侧钢板固定连接，所述反力架与工字钢之间的连接处倾斜设置有反力钢板，部分所述千斤顶安装在反力钢板上。Furthermore, both ends of the reaction frame are connected to I-beams through bolts and pads, the I-beams are fixedly connected to the left steel plate or the right steel plate, a reaction steel plate is obliquely arranged at the connection between the reaction frame and the I-beam, and part of the jacks are installed on the reaction steel plates.
进一步，所述钢垫板和钢筋碎石笼构件之间设置有橡胶垫。Furthermore, a rubber pad is provided between the steel base plate and the reinforced gabion cage member.
进一步，所述钢筋碎石笼构件包括钢筋笼本体、设置在钢筋笼本体内的碎石块、安装在钢筋笼本体开口处的钢筋盖，所述钢筋盖能够沿竖向位移以调节钢筋碎石笼构件的厚度。Furthermore, the reinforced gabion cage component comprises a reinforced cage body, crushed stones arranged in the reinforced cage body, and a reinforced cover installed at the opening of the reinforced cage body, and the reinforced cover can be displaced vertically to adjust the thickness of the reinforced gabion cage component.
进一步，所述钢筋笼本体包括若干均匀间隔布置的竖向钢筋、将所述竖向钢筋连接在一起的横向钢筋和纵向钢筋，所述钢筋盖包括若干横纵相间设置的横向弧形筋组和纵向弧形筋组，所述横向弧形筋组包括两根相邻设置的横向弧形筋，两根横向弧形筋间隔形成用于竖向钢筋通过的间隔，所述纵向弧形筋组包括两根相邻设置的纵向弧形筋，两根纵向弧形筋间隔形成用于竖向钢筋通过的间隔，所述钢筋盖的竖向通过横向钢筋和纵向钢筋限位。Furthermore, the steel cage body includes a plurality of evenly spaced vertical steel bars, transverse steel bars and longitudinal steel bars connecting the vertical steel bars together, the steel cover includes a plurality of transverse arc rib groups and longitudinal arc rib groups arranged alternately in the horizontal and vertical directions, the transverse arc rib group includes two adjacent transverse arc ribs, the two transverse arc ribs are spaced to form a gap for the vertical steel bars to pass through, the longitudinal arc rib group includes two adjacent longitudinal arc ribs, the two longitudinal arc ribs are spaced to form a gap for the vertical steel bars to pass through, and the vertical direction of the steel cover is limited by the transverse steel bars and the longitudinal steel bars.
进一步，所述钢筋笼本体的外侧固定有外筒，所述外筒的中心安装有拉绳，所述外筒的上端固定有支撑板，所述拉绳的上端从支撑板上开设的导孔穿出后连接至滑块，所述滑块与外筒滑动配合，所述滑块的下端固定连接至端头，所述端头的两端分别通过连杆铰接至第一夹爪和第二夹爪，所述第一夹爪和第二夹爪的中部与支撑板铰接，所述第一夹爪和第二夹爪之间同时连接有第一弹簧；所述外筒的下端滑动设置有内筒，所述内筒的外侧固定有销钉，所述销钉滑动设置在外筒周壁上开设的开口槽内；所述拉绳的下端连接至拉动装置，所述拉动装置位于钢筋笼本体的内侧底部。Furthermore, an outer cylinder is fixed to the outer side of the steel cage body, a pull rope is installed at the center of the outer cylinder, a support plate is fixed to the upper end of the outer cylinder, the upper end of the pull rope passes through a guide hole opened on the support plate and is connected to a slider, the slider is slidably matched with the outer cylinder, the lower end of the slider is fixedly connected to the end head, the two ends of the end head are respectively hinged to the first clamp and the second clamp through a connecting rod, the middle parts of the first clamp and the second clamp are hinged to the support plate, and a first spring is connected between the first clamp and the second clamp at the same time; an inner cylinder is slidably arranged at the lower end of the outer cylinder, a pin is fixed to the outer side of the inner cylinder, and the pin is slidably arranged in an open groove opened on the peripheral wall of the outer cylinder; the lower end of the pull rope is connected to a pulling device, and the pulling device is located at the inner bottom of the steel cage body.
进一步，所述拉动装置包括水平导筒，所述水平导筒的侧面开设有滑槽，所述滑槽内滑动设置有滑杆，所述拉绳的下端穿入水平导筒后连接至所述滑杆，所述滑杆与水平导筒之间连接有第二弹簧；所述滑杆铰接至支撑杆的一端，所述支撑杆的另一端铰接至压板的一端，所述压板的另一端与水平导筒铰接。Furthermore, the pulling device includes a horizontal guide cylinder, a sliding groove is opened on the side of the horizontal guide cylinder, a sliding rod is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, the lower end of the pull rope is inserted into the horizontal guide cylinder and then connected to the sliding rod, and a second spring is connected between the sliding rod and the horizontal guide cylinder; the sliding rod is hinged to one end of the support rod, the other end of the support rod is hinged to one end of the pressure plate, and the other end of the pressure plate is hinged to the horizontal guide cylinder.
本发明的有益效果在于：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明公开的一种基于钢筋碎石笼的隧道局部构件静力试验加载装置，针对钢筋碎石笼隧道支护构件进行试验加载，可以反映隧道真实受力情况。(1) The present invention discloses a static test loading device for a local component of a tunnel based on a reinforced gabion cage, which performs test loading on a reinforced gabion cage tunnel support component and can reflect the actual stress condition of the tunnel.
(2)本装置两侧设置了可调角度的固定铰支座，支座上焊钢垫板，钢垫板可随构件两端变形而相应转动；同时构件前后两侧被固定钢板约束其变形，这两点可保证构件受力形式更符合实际工程情况；(2) The device is provided with fixed hinge supports with adjustable angles on both sides, on which steel plates are welded, which can rotate accordingly with the deformation of both ends of the component; at the same time, the front and rear sides of the component are restrained from deformation by fixed steel plates. These two points can ensure that the stress form of the component is more in line with the actual engineering situation;
(3)固定铰支座通过螺栓可拆卸式连接，当固定铰支座或螺栓损坏时，实现“可替换式”目的；(3) The fixed hinge support is detachably connected by bolts, so that the "replaceable" purpose is achieved when the fixed hinge support or the bolts are damaged;
(4)本装置可实现构件多功能加载方式，即可根据加载需求，例如模拟围岩与构件完全接触时的全环加载、围岩与构件局部脱空时的局部加载等来灵活设定千斤顶数量和加载位置；(4) The device can realize multifunctional loading mode of components, that is, the number of jacks and loading positions can be flexibly set according to loading requirements, such as simulating full ring loading when the surrounding rock and the component are in full contact, local loading when the surrounding rock and the component are partially separated, etc.;
(5)整个装置是自平衡体系，可按需求随便移动使用。(5) The entire device is a self-balancing system and can be moved and used as needed.
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征将在随后的说明书中进行阐述，并且在某种程度上对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的，或者本领域技术人员可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be described in the following description and will be apparent to those skilled in the art to some extent, or those skilled in the art may be taught from the practice of the present invention. The objectives and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and obtained through the following description.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚，本发明提供如下附图进行说明：In order to make the purpose, technical solution and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention provides the following drawings for illustration:
图1为本发明试验加载装置的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test loading device of the present invention;
图2为本发明试验加载装置的俯视图；FIG2 is a top view of the test loading device of the present invention;
图3为钢筋碎石笼构件的结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a reinforced stone cage component;
图4为钢筋碎石笼构件的主视图；FIG4 is a front view of a reinforced gabion cage component;
图5为钢筋盖的结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the steel bar cover;
图6为第一夹爪和第二夹爪的连接示意图；FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the first clamp and the second clamp;
图7为拉动装置的结构示意图；FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a pulling device;
图8为隧道构件和整体结构的关系图。Figure 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between tunnel components and the overall structure.
附图中标记如下：左侧钢板1、右侧钢板2、前侧钢板3、后侧钢板4、固定铰支座5、钢垫板6、钢筋碎石笼构件7、加载板8、千斤顶9、反力架10、垫板11、工字钢12、反力钢板13、橡胶垫14、钢筋笼本体16、钢筋盖17、竖向钢筋18、横向钢筋19、纵向钢筋20、横向弧形筋21、纵向弧形筋22、外筒23、拉绳24、支撑板25、滑块26、端头27、连杆28、第一夹爪29、第二夹爪30、第一弹簧31、内筒32、销钉33、开口槽34、拉动装置35、水平导筒36、滑槽37、滑杆38、第二弹簧39、支撑杆40、压板41。The markings in the accompanying drawings are as follows: left steel plate 1, right steel plate 2, front steel plate 3, rear steel plate 4, fixed hinge support 5, steel pad 6, steel crushed stone cage component 7, loading plate 8, jack 9, reaction frame 10, pad 11, I-beam 12, reaction steel plate 13, rubber pad 14, steel cage body 16, steel cover 17, vertical steel bars 18, transverse steel bars 19, longitudinal steel bars 20, transverse arc ribs 21, longitudinal arc ribs 22, outer cylinder 23, pull rope 24, support plate 25, slider 26, end 27, connecting rod 28, first clamping jaw 29, second clamping jaw 30, first spring 31, inner cylinder 32, pin 33, open slot 34, pulling device 35, horizontal guide cylinder 36, slide slot 37, slide rod 38, second spring 39, support rod 40, pressure plate 41.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1～8所示，本发明一种基于钢筋碎石笼的隧道局部构件静力试验加载装置，包括合围呈矩形的左侧钢板1、右侧钢板2、前侧钢板3和后侧钢板4，左侧钢板1、右侧钢板2、前侧钢板3和后侧钢板4的结构均为矩形，下端与地面连接，上部合围成矩形用于对钢筋碎石笼构件7进行限制。As shown in Figures 1 to 8, a static test loading device for a local component of a tunnel based on a reinforced gabion cage of the present invention comprises a left steel plate 1, a right steel plate 2, a front steel plate 3 and a rear steel plate 4 which are enclosed in a rectangular shape. The structures of the left steel plate 1, the right steel plate 2, the front steel plate 3 and the rear steel plate 4 are all rectangular, the lower ends of which are connected to the ground, and the upper parts are enclosed in a rectangle for restricting the reinforced gabion cage component 7.
其中，左侧钢板1和右侧钢板2相对的一侧均安装有固定铰支座5，固定铰支座5连接有钢垫板6，钢垫板6可随构件两端变形而相应转动，两块钢垫板6之间安装有钢筋碎石笼构件7，钢筋碎石笼构件7呈拱形，类似于上下拱起的桥拱型结构。钢筋碎石笼构件7的两端形成朝内倾斜的斜面，可以通过钢垫板6进行限位，保证整体结构的稳定性。Among them, the left steel plate 1 and the right steel plate 2 are both installed with fixed hinge supports 5 on the opposite sides, and the fixed hinge supports 5 are connected with steel pads 6, which can rotate accordingly with the deformation of the two ends of the component, and a steel gabion cage component 7 is installed between the two steel pads 6. The steel gabion cage component 7 is arched, similar to the arch-shaped structure of a bridge arched up and down. The two ends of the steel gabion cage component 7 form an inwardly inclined inclined surface, which can be limited by the steel pads 6 to ensure the stability of the overall structure.
具体的，通过上述斜面结构，钢筋碎石笼构件7的左右两侧面可以分别与两块钢垫板6抵接，安装结束后，钢筋碎石笼构件7的宽度设置为前后钢板的宽度对用，钢筋碎石笼构件7的前后两侧面分别与前侧钢板3和后侧钢板4抵接；钢筋碎石笼构件7的上侧设置有若干加载板8，加载板8沿着钢筋碎石笼的上表面依次设置，加载板8的弯曲弧度与钢筋碎石笼构件7的曲率一致，每一加载板8的背侧通过千斤顶9连接至反力架10。通过设置多块加载板8，可实现构件多功能加载方式，即可根据加载需求，例如模拟围岩与构件完全接触时的全环加载、围岩与构件局部脱空时的局部加载等来灵活设定千斤顶9数量和加载位置。Specifically, through the above-mentioned inclined surface structure, the left and right sides of the reinforced gabion cage component 7 can be respectively abutted against the two steel pads 6. After installation, the width of the reinforced gabion cage component 7 is set to be the width of the front and rear steel plates, and the front and rear sides of the reinforced gabion cage component 7 are respectively abutted against the front steel plate 3 and the rear steel plate 4; a plurality of loading plates 8 are arranged on the upper side of the reinforced gabion cage component 7, and the loading plates 8 are arranged in sequence along the upper surface of the reinforced gabion cage. The curvature of the loading plates 8 is consistent with the curvature of the reinforced gabion cage component 7, and the back side of each loading plate 8 is connected to the reaction frame 10 through a jack 9. By setting up multiple loading plates 8, a multifunctional loading method of the component can be realized, that is, the number and loading position of the jacks 9 can be flexibly set according to the loading requirements, such as simulating full-ring loading when the surrounding rock is in full contact with the component, and local loading when the surrounding rock and the component are partially detached.
本实施例中，反力架10的两端通过螺栓和垫板11连接有工字钢12，工字钢12为整体结构提供竖向的支撑力，工字钢12固定与左侧钢板1或右侧钢板2固定连接，反力架10与工字钢12之间的连接处倾斜设置有反力钢板13，部分千斤顶9安装在反力钢板13上，通过设置反力钢板13提供千斤顶9的反向支撑力，让结构的加载力的方向可以与对应位置的钢筋碎石笼构件7进行对应。In this embodiment, both ends of the reaction frame 10 are connected with I-beams 12 by bolts and pads 11. The I-beams 12 provide vertical support for the overall structure. The I-beams 12 are fixedly connected to the left steel plate 1 or the right steel plate 2. A reaction steel plate 13 is obliquely arranged at the connection between the reaction frame 10 and the I-beam 12. Part of the jack 9 is installed on the reaction steel plate 13. By setting the reaction steel plate 13 to provide reverse support for the jack 9, the direction of the loading force of the structure can correspond to the reinforced gabion cage component 7 at the corresponding position.
本发明实施例的具体实施步骤如下。The specific implementation steps of the embodiment of the present invention are as follows.
第一步，将左右侧固定铰支座5制好，分别通过螺栓连接到左侧钢板1、右侧钢板2的指定位置。In the first step, the left and right fixed hinge supports 5 are manufactured and connected to the designated positions of the left steel plate 1 and the right steel plate 2 respectively by bolts.
第二步，将左侧钢板1、右侧钢板2、前侧钢板3和后侧钢板4首尾相连围成一个矩形结构，钢板间接缝处焊牢。In the second step, the left steel plate 1, the right steel plate 2, the front steel plate 3 and the rear steel plate 4 are connected end to end to form a rectangular structure, and the seams between the steel plates are welded firmly.
第三步，将两块工字钢12分别焊接到左侧钢板1、右侧钢板2的外侧中间位置。In the third step, two I-beams 12 are welded to the middle positions of the outer sides of the left steel plate 1 and the right steel plate 2 respectively.
第四步，将反力架10通过螺栓和垫板11连接到工字钢12上。The fourth step is to connect the reaction frame 10 to the I-beam 12 through bolts and the pad 11.
第五步，按照隧道尺寸，设计和计算得到所需要加载的钢筋碎石笼构件7的尺寸，按照钢筋碎石笼构件7左右侧面角度来调整好固定铰支座5处的钢垫板6角度，将钢筋碎石笼构件7缓慢放入加载装置，适当微调左右固定铰支座5使得钢筋碎石笼构件7左右侧高度一致以及前后侧高度一致，钢筋碎石笼构件7放置完成。The fifth step is to design and calculate the size of the reinforced gabion cage component 7 to be loaded according to the tunnel size, adjust the angle of the steel pad 6 at the fixed hinge support 5 according to the left and right side angles of the reinforced gabion cage component 7, slowly put the reinforced gabion cage component 7 into the loading device, and appropriately fine-tune the left and right fixed hinge supports 5 so that the left and right sides of the reinforced gabion cage component 7 are consistent in height and the front and rear sides are consistent in height, and the placement of the reinforced gabion cage component 7 is completed.
第六步，在构件表面依次放置3块加载板8，再在三块加载板8的中间位置依次放置三个千斤顶9，同时调整三个千斤顶9的角度和位置，使得各千斤顶9分别垂直并紧贴于与之对应的加载板8上表面和反力架10/反力钢板13下表面。The sixth step is to place three loading plates 8 on the surface of the component in sequence, and then place three jacks 9 in sequence in the middle of the three loading plates 8, and at the same time adjust the angles and positions of the three jacks 9 so that each jack 9 is vertical and close to the corresponding upper surface of the loading plate 8 and the lower surface of the reaction frame 10/reaction steel plate 13.
第七步，按照加载需求来确定加载方式。Step 7: Determine the loading method according to the loading requirements.
(1)若为全环加载也即模拟围岩和衬砌充分接触，同时启动三个千斤顶9进行分级加载。(1) If full ring loading is used, that is, simulating full contact between surrounding rock and lining, three jacks 9 are started simultaneously to perform graded loading.
(2)若为局部加载，暂定为构件两边脱空而中间接触(工况1)、或者构件两边接触而中间脱空(工况2)、或者构件左边+中间接触而中间脱空工况(工况3)。工况1，去掉两侧的加载板8和千斤顶9，仅保留中部的加载板8和启动千斤顶9进行分级加载。工况2，去掉中间的加载板8和千斤顶9，仅两侧的加载板8和千斤顶9进行分级加载。工况3，去掉右侧加载板8和千斤顶9，仅保留左侧两块加载板8和千斤顶9进行分级加载。(2) If it is a local loading, it is tentatively determined as the condition where the two sides of the component are empty and the middle is in contact (condition 1), or the two sides of the component are in contact and the middle is empty (condition 2), or the left side of the component + the middle is in contact and the middle is empty (condition 3). Condition 1, remove the loading plates 8 and jacks 9 on both sides, and only keep the loading plates 8 and starting jacks 9 in the middle for graded loading. Condition 2, remove the loading plates 8 and jacks 9 in the middle, and only the loading plates 8 and jacks 9 on both sides are used for graded loading. Condition 3, remove the loading plates 8 and jacks 9 on the right side, and only keep the two loading plates 8 and jacks 9 on the left side for graded loading.
作为本实施例构件的进一步改进，在本实施例中，钢垫板6和钢筋碎石笼构件7之间设置有橡胶垫14，可以用于保护钢垫板6和钢筋碎石笼构件7表面，可以提高重复使用的次数。As a further improvement of the components of this embodiment, in this embodiment, a rubber pad 14 is provided between the steel plate 6 and the reinforced gabion cage component 7, which can be used to protect the surface of the steel plate 6 and the reinforced gabion cage component 7 and increase the number of reuses.
本实施例中，钢筋碎石笼构件7包括钢筋笼本体16、设置在钢筋笼本体16内的碎石块、安装在钢筋笼本体16开口处的钢筋盖17，钢筋笼本体16用于装载碎石块，钢筋盖17能够沿竖向位移以调节钢筋碎石笼构件7的厚度，本发明通过设置可以调节位置的钢筋碎石笼构件7，在将碎石块装载结束后，根据需要调节钢筋碎石笼构件7的厚度，可以适应不同工况的需要。In the present embodiment, the reinforced stone cage component 7 includes a reinforced cage body 16, stone blocks arranged in the reinforced cage body 16, and a reinforced cover 17 installed at the opening of the reinforced cage body 16. The reinforced cage body 16 is used to load the stone blocks, and the reinforced cover 17 can be vertically displaced to adjust the thickness of the reinforced stone cage component 7. The present invention can adjust the thickness of the reinforced stone cage component 7 as needed after the stone blocks are loaded by arranging a reinforced stone cage component 7 whose position can be adjusted, so as to meet the needs of different working conditions.
本实施例中，钢筋笼本体16包括若干均匀间隔布置的竖向钢筋18、将竖向钢筋18连接在一起的横向钢筋19和纵向钢筋20，钢筋盖17包括若干横纵相间设置的横向弧形筋21组和纵向弧形筋22组，横向弧形筋21组包括两根相邻设置的横向弧形筋21，两根横向弧形筋21间隔形成用于竖向钢筋18通过的间隔，纵向弧形筋22组包括两根相邻设置的纵向弧形筋22，两根纵向弧形筋22间隔形成用于竖向钢筋18通过的间隔，钢筋盖17的竖向通过横向钢筋19和纵向钢筋20限位。通过设置相隔的横向弧形筋21和纵向弧形筋22，两者相隔的间隔可以将钢筋笼本体16的竖向钢筋18卡入其中，钢筋盖17安装结束后，通过上述卡合的作用，可以对钢筋盖17的水平两个自由度起到限位的作用。在竖向，通过横向钢筋19和纵向钢筋20限位，从而对钢筋盖17起到限制效果。在需要选择不同厚度的钢筋碎石笼构件7时，则可以将钢筋盖17卡入不同层的横向钢筋19和纵向钢筋20之间即可。可以理解，为了更便于对碎石块进行限制，钢筋笼本体16或者钢筋盖17的钢筋之间还铺设有钢筋网线。为了避免干涉，前侧钢板3、后侧钢板4以及两侧的钢垫板6上开设有用于横向弧形筋21组或纵向弧形筋22组通过的槽口，本领域技术人员可以理解。In this embodiment, the steel cage body 16 includes a plurality of evenly spaced vertical steel bars 18, transverse steel bars 19 and longitudinal steel bars 20 connecting the vertical steel bars 18 together, and the steel cover 17 includes a plurality of transverse arcuate bars 21 groups and longitudinal arcuate bars 22 groups arranged alternately in the horizontal and vertical directions. The transverse arcuate bars 21 group includes two adjacent transverse arcuate bars 21, and the two transverse arcuate bars 21 are spaced to form a space for the vertical steel bars 18 to pass through. The longitudinal arcuate bars 22 group includes two adjacent longitudinal arcuate bars 22, and the two longitudinal arcuate bars 22 are spaced to form a space for the vertical steel bars 18 to pass through. The vertical direction of the steel cover 17 is limited by the transverse steel bars 19 and the longitudinal steel bars 20. By setting the spaced transverse arcuate bars 21 and the longitudinal arcuate bars 22, the spaced interval between the two can clamp the vertical steel bars 18 of the steel cage body 16 therein. After the steel cover 17 is installed, the above-mentioned clamping effect can limit the horizontal two degrees of freedom of the steel cover 17. In the vertical direction, the transverse steel bars 19 and the longitudinal steel bars 20 are limited, so as to have a limiting effect on the steel bar cover 17. When it is necessary to select steel bar rubble cage components 7 of different thicknesses, the steel bar cover 17 can be inserted between the transverse steel bars 19 and the longitudinal steel bars 20 of different layers. It can be understood that in order to more conveniently limit the rubble, steel mesh wires are also laid between the steel bars of the steel cage body 16 or the steel bar cover 17. In order to avoid interference, slots for the transverse arc bars 21 or the longitudinal arc bars 22 are opened on the front steel plate 3, the rear steel plate 4 and the steel pads 6 on both sides, which can be understood by those skilled in the art.
本实施例中，钢筋笼本体16的外侧固定有外筒23，外筒23的中心安装有拉绳24，外筒23的上端固定有支撑板25，拉绳24的上端从支撑板25上开设的导孔穿出后连接至滑块26，滑块26与外筒23滑动配合，滑块26的下端固定连接至端头27，端头27的两端分别通过连杆28铰接至第一夹爪29和第二夹爪30，第一夹爪29和第二夹爪30的中部与支撑板25铰接，第一夹爪29和第二夹爪30之间同时连接有第一弹簧31；外筒23的下端滑动设置有内筒32，内筒32的外侧固定有销钉33，销钉33滑动设置在外筒23周壁上开设的开口槽34内；拉绳24的下端连接至拉动装置35，拉动装置35位于钢筋笼本体16的内侧底部。In this embodiment, an outer cylinder 23 is fixed to the outer side of the steel cage body 16, a pull rope 24 is installed at the center of the outer cylinder 23, a support plate 25 is fixed to the upper end of the outer cylinder 23, the upper end of the pull rope 24 passes through a guide hole opened on the support plate 25 and is connected to a slider 26, the slider 26 slides with the outer cylinder 23, the lower end of the slider 26 is fixedly connected to the end head 27, the two ends of the end head 27 are respectively hinged to the first clamping jaw 29 and the second clamping jaw 30 through a connecting rod 28, the middle parts of the first clamping jaw 29 and the second clamping jaw 30 are hinged to the support plate 25, and a first spring 31 is connected between the first clamping jaw 29 and the second clamping jaw 30 at the same time; an inner cylinder 32 is slidably arranged at the lower end of the outer cylinder 23, a pin 33 is fixed to the outer side of the inner cylinder 32, and the pin 33 is slidably arranged in an open groove 34 opened on the peripheral wall of the outer cylinder 23; the lower end of the pull rope 24 is connected to a pulling device 35, and the pulling device 35 is located at the inner bottom of the steel cage body 16.
具体的，拉动装置35包括水平导筒36，水平导筒36的侧面开设有滑槽37，滑槽37内滑动设置有滑杆38，拉绳24的下端穿入水平导筒36后连接至滑杆38，滑杆38与水平导筒36之间连接有第二弹簧39；滑杆38铰接至支撑杆40的一端，支撑杆40的另一端铰接至压板41的一端，压板41的另一端与水平导筒36铰接。在具体工作时，千斤顶9将力施加在钢筋碎石笼构件7的上侧，钢筋碎石笼构件7对压板41施加向下的作用力。压板41在受力后，可以转动从而将力通过支撑杆40作用于滑杆38，滑杆38沿着滑槽37滑动从而将第二弹簧39压缩且拉动拉绳24，拉绳24经过导轮导向后，可以拉动滑块26和端头27位移，端头27位移后分别通过连杆28带动第一夹爪29和第二夹爪30偏转，使得第一夹爪29和第二夹爪30实现相互夹持的作用。第一夹爪29和第二夹爪30将横向弧形筋21组或纵向弧形筋22组夹紧后，可以增加横向弧形筋21组和纵向弧形筋22组与竖向钢筋18之间的作用力，防止横向弧形筋21组和纵向弧形筋22组从竖向钢筋18外侧滑移出，可以减少钢筋盖17四周的变形，让钢筋盖17的受力更符合实际情况。在加载结束后，横向弧形筋21组和纵向弧形筋22组不再受到夹爪的限制，可以让横向弧形筋21组和纵向弧形筋22组正常从竖向钢筋18脱离而出，方便移动钢筋盖17的位置。也能为下一次试样加载工作的顺利进行提供准备。Specifically, the pulling device 35 includes a horizontal guide cylinder 36, a slide groove 37 is provided on the side of the horizontal guide cylinder 36, a slide rod 38 is slidably arranged in the slide groove 37, the lower end of the pull rope 24 is inserted into the horizontal guide cylinder 36 and connected to the slide rod 38, a second spring 39 is connected between the slide rod 38 and the horizontal guide cylinder 36; the slide rod 38 is hinged to one end of the support rod 40, the other end of the support rod 40 is hinged to one end of the pressure plate 41, and the other end of the pressure plate 41 is hinged to the horizontal guide cylinder 36. During specific operation, the jack 9 applies force to the upper side of the steel rubble cage component 7, and the steel rubble cage component 7 applies a downward force to the pressure plate 41. After receiving force, the pressure plate 41 can rotate so as to apply force to the slide bar 38 through the support rod 40. The slide bar 38 slides along the slide groove 37 so as to compress the second spring 39 and pull the pull rope 24. After the pull rope 24 is guided by the guide wheel, it can pull the slider 26 and the end 27 to move. After the end 27 moves, it drives the first clamping jaw 29 and the second clamping jaw 30 to deflect through the connecting rod 28, so that the first clamping jaw 29 and the second clamping jaw 30 can achieve the effect of clamping each other. After the first clamping jaw 29 and the second clamping jaw 30 clamp the transverse arc rib 21 group or the longitudinal arc rib 22 group, the force between the transverse arc rib 21 group and the longitudinal arc rib 22 group and the vertical steel bar 18 can be increased, and the transverse arc rib 21 group and the longitudinal arc rib 22 group can be prevented from sliding out from the outside of the vertical steel bar 18, and the deformation around the steel bar cover 17 can be reduced, so that the force of the steel bar cover 17 is more in line with the actual situation. After loading is completed, the transverse arc ribs 21 and the longitudinal arc ribs 22 are no longer restricted by the clamps, and the transverse arc ribs 21 and the longitudinal arc ribs 22 can be normally separated from the vertical steel bars 18, which is convenient for moving the position of the steel bar cover 17. It can also provide preparation for the smooth progress of the next sample loading work.
最后说明的是，以上优选实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管通过上述优选实施例已经对本发明进行了详细的描述，但本领域技术人员应当理解，可以在形式上和细节上对其作出各种各样的改变，而不偏离本发明权利要求书所限定的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
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| 郭秉正.钢筋碎石笼装配式隧道衬砌P-U曲线试验研究.万方数据知识服务平台.2023,第2页. * |
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| CN117491154A (en) | 2024-02-02 |
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