CN117488295A - 一种高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末 - Google Patents
一种高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
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Abstract
本发明属于材料科学技术领域，涉及一种适用于等离子或激光熔覆工艺的合金粉末材料—高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，为以Fe、B二元素为基础的合金体系，包括以下质量百分比含量的元素：3.0～5.8％B，0.2～1.0％C，0.4～1.8％Si，0.9～3.5％Mn，1.0～6.0％Cr，0～3.0％Mo，0～3.0％Ni，0～5.0％Ti，0～3.0％V，0～0.8％Ce，0～0.8％La，余量为Fe。本发明通过添加少量其他合金元素进行辅助强化，实现在较低成本下，获得55‑66HRC的高硬度耐磨层，耐磨粒磨损性能优良，且成形平整美观，熔覆工艺性良好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料科学技术领域，涉及一种适用于等离子或激光熔覆工艺的合金粉末材料—高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末。
背景技术
对于农机行业犁尖配件、矿山机械行业煤截齿、砖机螺旋铰刀等强磨损工况下的工件，往往采用合金粉末或耐磨焊丝在工件特定部位进行表面堆焊，形成高硬度耐磨层，从而提高工件使用寿命。在这些应用领域中，市场上常用的耐磨熔覆材料体系有三大类，一是Fe、C、Cr基础合金体系下，W、V、Mo、Nb等合金元素辅助强化；二是镍基合金添加不同比例碳化钨；三是金属基陶瓷复合材料。以上三种合金体系各有特点，但也各有不足之处。第一种材料成本相对较低，但硬度一般在50-60HRC，堆焊硬度一般、耐磨性一般；第二种材料镍基碳化钨耐磨性良好，但成本较高；第三种材料成本介于前两者之间，堆焊硬度可达60HRC以上，耐磨性良好，但熔覆工艺性较差，存在易产生气孔、裂纹、不平整、结合不牢固等缺陷。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明摒弃现有常用合金体系，采用以Fe、B二元素为基础的合金体系，通过添加少量其他合金元素进行辅助强化，实现在较低成本下，获得55-66HRC的高硬度耐磨层，耐磨粒磨损性能优良，且成形平整美观，熔覆工艺性良好。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，为以Fe、B二元素为基础的合金体系，其中B元素的质量百分比含量为：3.0～5.8％。
优选的，包括以下质量百分比含量的元素：3.0～5.8％B，0.2～1.0％C，0.4～1.8％Si，0.9～3.5％Mn，1.0～6.0％Cr，0～3.0％Mo，0～3.0％Ni，0～5.0％Ti，0～3.0％V，0～0.8％Ce，0～0.8％La，余量为Fe。
其中各组分主要作用如下：
硼：提高熔覆金属的硬度；形成耐磨硬质相；脱氧。
碳：提高熔覆金属的强度、硬度；形成耐磨硬质相。
硅：提高熔覆金属的硬度；脱氧。
锰：提高熔覆金属的强度；脱氧。
铬：提高熔覆金属的强度、硬度；形成耐磨硬质相。
钼：提高熔覆金属的强度。
镍：提高熔覆金属的强度。
钛：细化晶粒，提高强韧性。
钒：细化晶粒，提高强韧性。
稀土Ce、La：细化晶粒，改善微观组织形态。
与现有技术相比，本发明合金粉末的特点在于以Fe为基础合金，采用高含量B作为主合金化元素，原料来源广泛，价格低廉，与钢铁材料成分接近，热膨胀系数接近，结合强度高，且耐磨性优异。粉末熔覆过程中原位自生TiB、Fe2B、TiC、VC等陶瓷硬质颗粒，除了具有高熔点、高硬度、热稳定性好等优点外，还具有原位生成陶瓷相自有的优点：陶瓷相是从金属基体中原位形核、长大的热力学稳定相，与金属基体微观键合，不存在界面结合问题，不会产生裂纹源；生成的陶瓷相均匀弥散分布，空隙率小。
本发明高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末可用于制备农机入土配件或矿山机械配件。
本发明高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末的制备方法，包括以下步骤：按照上述的元素设计要求，通过配料-熔炼-气雾化-筛分的通用工艺流程，制备100-270目的粉末；也可以通过先制备若干种不同成分粉末，再将其按照比例混合，达到目标设计成分。
气雾化法是目前金属粉末的主要生产方法之一。气雾化法的基本原理是用高速高压气流将液态金属流破碎成小液滴并凝固成粉末的过程。由于气雾化法制备的金属粉末具有纯度高、氧含量低、粉末粒度可控以及成本低等优点，已成为高性能金属粉末制备的主流方法。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
(1)本发明高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末经熔覆后熔覆层硬度高，耐磨粒磨损性能好，角磨机打磨无火花；
(2)本发明高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末熔融金属铺展性好，成型平整美观；
(3)本发明高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末熔融熔覆过程所需熔覆电流/激光功率较小，降低设备能耗；
(4)本发明高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末材料成本较低，节约贵重合金元素，市场应用前景良好。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
采用气雾化工艺制备高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，粉末成分：B：3.02％，C：0.85％，Si：1.75％，Mn：3.44％，Cr：2.86％，Mo：2.91％，Ni：2.14％，Ti：2.76％，V：1.13％，Ce：0.45％，La：0.71％，余量为Fe。粉末粒度区间控制在100-270目，270目筛下料比例＜1％。采用等离子熔覆工艺，将粉末熔覆至Q235低碳钢试板上，熔覆电流120～180A，单层熔覆厚度控制在2～3mm。所得熔覆层硬度、相对耐磨性见表1。
实施例2
采用气雾化工艺制备高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，粉末成分为：B：3.86％，C：0.52％，Si：1.08％，Mn：2.05％，Cr：3.55％，Mo：2.37％，Ni：2.92％，V：0.88％，Ce：0.73％，La：0.44％，余量为Fe。粉末粒度区间控制在100-270目，270目筛下料比例＜1％。采用等离子熔覆工艺，将粉末熔覆至Q235低碳钢试板上，熔覆电流120～180A，单层熔覆厚度控制在2～3mm。所得熔覆层硬度、相对耐磨性见表1。
实施例3
采用气雾化工艺制备高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，粉末成分为：B：4.51％，C：0.25％，Si：0.75％，Mn：1.56％，Cr：1.04％，Ni：2.12％，Ti：3.98％，La：0.66％，余量为Fe。粉末粒度区间控制在100-270目，270目筛下料比例＜1％。采用等离子熔覆工艺，将粉末熔覆至Q235低碳钢试板上，熔覆电流120～180A，所得单层熔覆厚度控制在2～3mm。熔覆层硬度、相对耐磨性见表1。
实施例4
采用气雾化工艺制备高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，粉末成分为：B：5.76％，C：0.97％，Si：0.41％，Mn：0.95％，Cr：5.97％，Mo：1.88％，Ti：4.94％，V：2.96％，Ce：0.62％，余量为Fe。粉末粒度区间控制在100-270目，270目筛下料比例＜1％。采用等离子熔覆工艺，将粉末熔覆至Q235低碳钢试板上，熔覆电流120～180A，单层熔覆厚度控制在2～3mm。所得熔覆层硬度、相对耐磨性见表1。
采用HR-150A洛氏硬度计，对熔覆层横截面取五点进行测试。最后取平均硬度值作为该粉末熔覆层的硬度，数据见表1。
耐磨性实验采用MLG-130干砂橡胶轮摩擦磨损试验机进行。实验参数如下：橡胶轮直径：229mm，橡胶轮厚度：12.7mm，橡胶轮硬度：60(邵尔硬度)，载荷：130N，橡胶轮转速：200rpm，磨料：40～70目的石英砂。试验前首先采用丙酮清洗试样，采用以上参数预磨120s，再次用丙酮清洗试样，记录试样重量。然后采用以上参数正式磨损600s，清洗试样并称重。材料的耐磨性能用磨损的失重量来衡量。实验中采用镍基碳化钨(35％WC)熔覆合金作为对比，对比件失重量与测量件失重量之比作为该配方的相对耐磨性。
表1各实施例熔覆层硬度与相对耐磨性
如表1所示，本发明高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末的熔覆层硬度最高可达64HRC以上，其相对耐磨性可以达到镍基碳化钨(35％WC)熔覆合金的2～3倍，耐磨粒磨损性能优良。
Claims (6)
1.一种高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，其特征在于：为以Fe、B二元素为基础的合金体系，其中B元素的质量百分比含量为：3.0～5.8％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，其特征在于：包括以下质量百分比含量的元素：3.0～5.8％B，0.2～1.0％C，0.4～1.8％Si，0.9～3.5％Mn，1.0～6.0％Cr，0～3.0％Mo，0～3.0％Ni，0～5.0％Ti，0～3.0％V，0～0.8％Ce，0～0.8％La，余量为Fe。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，其特征在于：包括以下质量百分比含量的元素：4.5～5.8％B，0.2～1.0％C，0.4～0.8％Si，0.9～1.6％Mn，1.0～6.0％Cr，0～1.9％Mo，0～2.2％Ni，3.9～5.0％Ti，0～3.0％V，0～0.7％Ce，0～0.7％La，余量为Fe。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，其特征在于：包括以下质量百分比含量的元素：5.7～5.8％B，0.9～1.0％C，0.4～0.5％Si，0.9～1.0％Mn，5.9～6.0％Cr，1.8～1.9％Mo，4.9～5.0％Ti，2.9～3.0％V，0.6～0.7％Ce，余量为Fe。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，其特征在于：由以下工艺制成：按照元素设计要求，通过配料-熔炼-气雾化-筛分的通用工艺制备。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末，其特征在于：所述高硼系耐磨熔覆粉末的粒度为100-270目。
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