CN117483772B - Powder preparation method of plasma atomization powder preparation equipment - Google Patents
Powder preparation method of plasma atomization powder preparation equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN117483772B CN117483772B CN202311843079.XA CN202311843079A CN117483772B CN 117483772 B CN117483772 B CN 117483772B CN 202311843079 A CN202311843079 A CN 202311843079A CN 117483772 B CN117483772 B CN 117483772B
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 5
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 4
- UVXCXZBZPFCAAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N arc-111 Chemical compound C1=C2OCOC2=CC2=C(N(CCN(C)C)C(=O)C3=C4C=C(C(=C3)OC)OC)C4=CN=C21 UVXCXZBZPFCAAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002663 nebulization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- IADRPEYPEFONML-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ce].[W] Chemical compound [Ce].[W] IADRPEYPEFONML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a powder preparation method of plasma atomization powder preparation equipment, which comprises the following steps: feeding the electrode bar stock into an atomization chamber through a feed inlet; controlling the electrode bar to rotate at a speed of 3000-50000 rpm; a plasma arc is generated between the tungsten electrode rod coaxially connected with the output end of the plasma gun and the end face of the electrode bar, and inert gas is introduced into the plasma arc through a first passage which is communicated and formed in the tungsten electrode rod along the length direction of the tungsten electrode rod, so that a gas chamber is formed in the plasma arc by the inert gas; molten metal contacting the molten portion is thrown out by centrifugal force under the rotation of the rotation control shaft, and metal droplets are formed. According to the invention, through the mode of introducing inert gas into the plasma arc to prop up the ion arc and increasing the area of the contact melting part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar, the homogenization of the energy density distribution of the plasma arc is realized, so that the metal powder with more uniform particle size distribution is obtained, and the yield of the preparation of the fine particle size powder is increased; meanwhile, the utilization rate of the electrode bar stock is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal powder preparation, in particular to a powder preparation method of plasma atomization powder preparation equipment.
Background
Additive manufacturing, generally referred to as 3D printing, is an emerging technology that is of great interest in many areas of aerospace, military medical, etc. in its unique processing and excellent product properties. The metal powder is a basic material of additive manufacturing technology, and the quality of the metal powder directly determines the stability of a printing process and the reliability of a printed product. In the technology of plasma rotary electrode atomization powder preparation (Plasma Rotating Electrode Process, PREP), a tungsten electrode and an electrode bar are coaxially arranged, a plasma arc is generated between the tungsten electrode and the electrode bar, the front end surface of the bar is heated and fused into a liquid film, meanwhile, the electrode bar rotates at a high speed to enable the edge of the liquid film to be atomized into liquid drops under the action of centrifugal force, and finally, spherical metal powder with high sphericity, high compactness, low porosity, low oxygen content and smooth surface is obtained by cooling under the action of surface tension.
At present, the existing powder preparation method of the plasma rotary electrode atomization powder preparation equipment generally comprises the following steps: determining a theoretical rotating speed of the rotating main shaft according to the input median diameter of the material to be processed, and determining an actual rotating speed of the rotating main shaft according to the relation between the theoretical rotating speed and the rated rotating speed of the rotating main shaft; determining the feeding speed of the electrode bar according to the distance of the electrode bar to be processed towards the plasma generator and the melting area of the electrode bar in unit time; determining the power supply melting current of the plasma generator according to the heat required by melting the electrode bar in unit time and the resistivity of the inert gas; and controlling the powder process of the electrode bar according to the actual rotating speed of the rotating main shaft, the feeding speed of the electrode bar and the power supply melting current of the plasma generator. That is, the existing powder-making method of the plasma rotary electrode atomization powder-making equipment generally realizes the powder-making process of electrode bars with different specifications by the rotating speed and feeding speed of the electrode bars and the power supply melting current parameter of the plasma generator.
However, in the existing powder process of atomizing and pulverizing by using a plasma rotary electrode, the problem that the front end surface of an electrode bar is not uniformly melted, so that the prepared metal powder has wider distribution of material diameters and lower yield of fine particle size powder exists, and meanwhile, the problem that the residual material head of the electrode bar has large mass after the preparation is finished, so that the utilization rate of the electrode bar is low exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a powder preparation method of plasma atomization powder preparation equipment, which not only solves the problems of wider distribution of metal powder diameters and lower yield of fine particle diameter powder prepared by the existing powder preparation method of plasma rotary electrode atomization powder preparation, but also solves the problem of low electrode bar utilization rate after the preparation of the existing powder preparation method of plasma rotary electrode atomization powder preparation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the powder preparation method of the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment is applied to the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment, the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment comprises an atomization chamber, a plasma gun and a rotary control shaft, the output end of the plasma gun is arranged in the atomization chamber, an electrode bar to be treated is coaxially arranged on the rotary control shaft, and a feed inlet for feeding the electrode bar is arranged at the other end, opposite to the plasma gun, in the atomization chamber; the pulverizing method comprises the following steps:
controlling the rotation control shaft to move in the direction of the plasma gun, and sending the electrode bar into the atomization chamber through the feed inlet;
controlling the rotation control shaft to rotate and driving the electrode bar to rotate at a speed of 3000-50000 rpm;
starting the plasma gun to enable a plasma arc to be generated between a tungsten electrode rod coaxially connected with the output end of the plasma gun and the end face of the electrode bar, and simultaneously, introducing inert gas into the plasma arc through a first passage which is communicated and opened in the tungsten electrode rod along the length direction of the tungsten electrode rod to enable the inert gas to form a gas chamber in the plasma arc; the gas chamber is used for expanding the plasma arc so as to increase the area of a contact fusion part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar;
the molten metal contacting the molten part is thrown out by centrifugal force under the rotation of the rotary control shaft to form metal liquid drops, and the metal liquid drops form spherical metal powder under the action of surface tension.
In one possible implementation manner, the diameter of the tungsten electrode rod is 14-36 mm, and the diameter of the first passage is 2-8 mm.
In one possible implementation manner, the air inlet pressure of the inert gas when entering the first passage is 0.1-0.4 mpa, and the air inlet flow is 3-120 l/min.
In one possible implementation, the inert gas is argon or helium.
In one possible implementation, the electrode bar has a diameter of 25-80 mm, a length of 90-420 mm, a surface roughness of 1.6, and a circle run out of less than 2 wires.
In one possible implementation, the tungsten rod is threadably coupled to the output end of the plasma gun.
In one possible implementation, the first passageway may be disposed along the axis of the tungsten rod or may be disposed eccentrically.
In one possible implementation, the diameter of the first passage may be equal or gradually increase or decrease along its length.
In one possible implementation, the first passage may be a straight passage or a curved passage.
When the powder preparation method of the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention is practically applied, firstly, the rotary control shaft is moved towards the direction of the plasma gun so as to control electrode bars arranged on the rotary control shaft to pass through the feed inlet and enter the atomization chamber; secondly, the rotating control shaft drives the electrode bar to rotate at a speed of 3000-50000 rpm; thirdly, starting the plasma gun to enable a plasma arc to be generated between a tungsten electrode rod at the output end of the plasma gun and the end face of the electrode bar, and simultaneously, introducing inert gas into the plasma arc through a first passage which is formed in the tungsten electrode rod in a communicating way along the length direction of the tungsten electrode rod to enable the inert gas to form a gas chamber in the plasma arc so as to prop up the plasma arc and increase the area of a contact fusion part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar; finally, the molten metal contacting the molten part is thrown out by centrifugal force under the rotation of a rotary control shaft to form metal liquid drops, and the metal liquid drops form spherical metal powder under the action of surface tension of the metal liquid drops; according to the invention, through the mode of introducing inert gas into the plasma arc to prop up an ion arc and increase the area of a contact melting part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar, the homogenization of the energy density distribution of the plasma arc is realized, after the plasma arc energy received by the end face of the electrode bar is uniform, the melting degree of each position of the end face of the electrode bar is similar, so that each position of the end face of the electrode bar is simultaneously in a fully melted state, after each position of the end face of the electrode bar is simultaneously and fully melted, the electrode bar is simultaneously separated from the electrode bar to be thrown out under the rotation of a rotary control shaft to form metal powder, so that the metal powder with more uniform particle size distribution is obtained, and the yield of fine particle size powder preparation is increased; meanwhile, as plasma arc energy received by each part of the end face of the electrode bar is uniform, after the electrode bar is subjected to powder preparation, the end face of the electrode bar is close to be smooth and has no concave phenomenon, so that the length of the powder preparation is longer, the prepared metal powder is more, the residual stub bar is shorter, and the utilization rate of the electrode bar is effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a plasma atomization powder manufacturing apparatus in a powder manufacturing method of the plasma atomization powder manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of steps of a powder pulverizing method of a plasma atomization powder pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of the remaining stub bar of an electrode bar after preparing metal powder using a conventional plasma rotary electrode atomizing powder process;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of the remaining stub bars of the electrode bar after preparing metal powder by using the pulverizing method of the plasma atomizing pulverizing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a plasma gun in a pulverizing method of a plasma atomizing pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a part of the structure of a plasma gun in a pulverizing method of a plasma atomizing pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terms "first" and "second" are used below for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more. In addition, the use of "based on" or "according to" is intended to be open and inclusive in that a process, step, calculation, or other action "based on" or "according to" one or more of the stated conditions or values may in practice be based on additional conditions or beyond the stated values.
In the process of powder preparation by adopting the existing plasma rotary electrode atomization powder preparation equipment, plasma arcs between a plasma gun and an electrode bar are dense in energy, the shape of the plasma arc is similar to a slender cone shape, the radius of the bottom surface of the cone is smaller than the diameter of the electrode bar, and the energy of the plasma arcs is mainly gathered at the center position of the electrode bar.
At this time, after the plasma arc contacts the front end face of the electrode bar, the plasma arc acts on the edge part of the end face of the electrode bar after being reflected. The electrode bar is separated from the electrode bar under the high-speed rotation of the rotation control shaft due to insufficient melting of the edge part of the electrode bar, so that the size of thrown-out metal liquid drops is larger, and the material diameter of metal powder formed by cooling the metal liquid drops is also larger; the center part of the electrode bar is sufficiently melted and has higher melting speed, and the electrode bar is rapidly separated from the electrode bar under the action of high-speed rotation, so that metal liquid drops with smaller size are formed, and the diameter of metal powder formed by cooling the metal liquid drops is also smaller.
After the powder process of the existing plasma rotary electrode atomization powder process equipment is finished, the phenomenon that the center of the end face of the residual electrode bar is concave obviously and the edge parts are uneven exists in the stub bar of the residual electrode bar, and the phenomenon that the center of the end face of the residual electrode bar after the melting is finished is concave obviously because the melting speed of the center part of the electrode bar is higher. In practical application, the plasma rotary electrode atomization powder manufacturing equipment is convenient for connection of the electrode bar and the rotary control shaft, one end of the electrode bar is arranged to be of a threaded structure, so that the threaded part of the electrode bar is not damaged, and the electrode bar in front of a section of threaded structure needs to be reserved when the electrode bar is replaced. Under the condition that the center of the end face of the electrode bar is obviously concave, the length and the mass of the electrode bar which need to be reserved at the end of powder preparation are longer, so that the utilization rate of the electrode bar is low. In addition, the edge part of the end face of the electrode bar is not sufficiently melted to separate from the electrode bar, and the size of the separated metal liquid drops is large, so that the edge position of the electrode bar is uneven after the powder preparation is finished.
The embodiment of the invention provides a powder preparation method of plasma atomization powder preparation equipment, which aims to solve the problems that the metal powder prepared by the existing powder preparation method of plasma atomization powder preparation by using a rotating electrode has wider material diameter distribution and lower fine particle diameter powder yield and the electrode bar utilization rate is low after the preparation of the existing powder preparation method of the plasma atomization powder preparation by using the rotating electrode.
The invention provides a powder preparation method of plasma atomization powder preparation equipment, which is applied to the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a plasma atomization powder manufacturing apparatus in a powder manufacturing method of the plasma atomization powder manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the plasma atomizing powder manufacturing apparatus includes a plasma gun 1, a rotation control shaft 3, and an atomizing chamber 5.
The output end of the plasma gun 1 is arranged in an atomizing chamber 5, an electrode bar 4 to be treated is coaxially arranged on a rotary control shaft 3, and a feed inlet 51 for feeding the electrode bar 4 is arranged at the other end, opposite to the plasma gun 1, of the atomizing chamber 5.
Wherein, the atomizing chamber 5 is a vertically arranged fusiform structure, the plasma gun 1 horizontally penetrates through one end of the atomizing chamber 5, the output end of the plasma gun 1 is positioned in the atomizing chamber 5, and the feed inlet 51 is arranged at the other end of the atomizing chamber 5 opposite to the plasma gun 1.
The rotation control shaft 3 is arranged outside the atomizing chamber 5 and on the same line with the output end of the plasma gun 1 and the feed inlet 51, the feed inlet 51 being located between the plasma gun 1 and the rotation control shaft 3.
One end of the electrode bar 4 to be treated is in a threaded structure and is connected to the rotary control shaft 3 through the threaded structure in a threaded manner.
The power source of the rotary control shaft 3 is a motor and is used for driving the electrode bar 4 to rotate at a high speed.
The rotary control shaft 3 moves towards the direction of the plasma gun 1, and can drive the electrode bar 4 to pass through the feed inlet 51 and enter the atomization chamber 5.
The output end of the plasma gun 1 is coaxially provided with a tungsten electrode rod, and when the plasma gun works, a conical plasma arc is formed between the tungsten electrode rod and the end surface of the electrode bar 4 penetrating into the atomizing chamber 5, and the end surface of the electrode bar 4 is fused through the plasma arc.
As shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present invention, the plasma atomization powder manufacturing apparatus further includes a feeding base 2, an inert gas system 6, a vacuum system 7, and a collection bucket 8.
The rotary control shaft 3 is arranged at the top of the feeding base 2, the atomizing chamber 5 is vertically fixed at the left side of the feeding base 2, and the feeding base 2 is used for controlling the rotary control shaft 3 to drive the electrode bar 4 to move towards one side of the atomizing chamber 5 for feeding.
The vacuum system 7 is in communication with the nebulization chamber 5 for evacuating the nebulization chamber 5.
An inert gas system 6 is communicated with the atomizing chamber 5 and is used for introducing inert gas into the atomizing chamber 5.
The collecting barrel 8 is arranged below the atomizing chamber 5 and is used for collecting the metal powder prepared in the atomizing chamber 5.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of steps of a powder manufacturing method of a plasma atomization powder manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the powder manufacturing method of the plasma atomization powder manufacturing apparatus provided in this embodiment includes:
and 101, controlling the rotation to control the directional movement of the axial plasma gun, and sending the electrode bar into the atomizing chamber through the feeding hole.
Specifically, the coaxial threads of the electrode bar are fixed on the rotary control shaft, and the rotary control shaft moves towards the feeding hole so as to drive one end of the electrode bar to pass through the feeding hole and enter the atomization chamber.
The electrode bar can be a purchased finished electrode bar or a metal bar blank which is processed on site by a lathe.
And 102, controlling the rotation control shaft to rotate and driving the electrode bar to rotate at a speed of 3000-50000 rpm.
Specifically, when the power source of the rotary control shaft is a motor, the motor is used for controlling the rotary control shaft to drive the electrode bar to rotate at a speed of 3000-50000 rpm.
Step 103, starting the plasma gun to enable a plasma arc to be generated between the tungsten electrode rod coaxially connected with the output end of the plasma gun and the end face of the electrode bar, and simultaneously, introducing inert gas into the plasma arc through a first passage which is communicated and formed in the tungsten electrode rod along the length direction of the tungsten electrode rod to enable the inert gas to form a gas chamber in the plasma arc.
The gas chamber is used for expanding the plasma arc so as to increase the area of a contact fusion part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar.
Step 104, the molten metal contacting the molten part is thrown out by centrifugal force under the rotation of the rotary control shaft, and metal droplets are formed.
Wherein the metal droplets form spherical metal powder under the action of surface tension.
Further, the inert gas is argon or helium.
Further, the diameter of the electrode bar is 25-80 mm, the length is 90-420 mm, the surface roughness is 1.6, and the circle run-out is less than 2 wires.
The circle runout refers to the difference between the maximum and minimum readings measured by the fixed-position indicator in a given direction when the measured element makes one revolution around the reference axis.
Further, the inlet air pressure of the inert gas entering the first passage is 0.1-0.4 mpa, and the inlet air flow is 3-120L/min.
Specifically, when the arc distance of the plasma arc is fixed and the diameter of the first passage is fixed, the size of the contact melting area between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar to be treated can be adjusted by adjusting the air inlet pressure and/or the air inlet flow of the first passage.
Wherein, the size of the contact melting area is in direct proportion to the air pressure of the air inlet, and the size of the contact melting area is in direct proportion to the air inlet flow; the arc distance is the distance between one end of the tungsten electrode rod, which is close to the electrode rod, and the end face of the electrode rod.
Further, the diameter of the tungsten electrode rod is 14-36 mm, and the diameter of the first passage is 2-8 mm.
Specifically, when the air inlet pressure and the air inlet flow are fixed, the arc distance or the diameter of the first passage is adjusted, so that the contact melting area of the plasma arc and the end surface of the electrode bar can be adjusted.
Wherein the arc distance is proportional to the size of the contact melting area Cheng Fanbi and the diameter of the first passageway is proportional to the size of the contact melting area.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate the installation and replacement of the tungsten electrode rod by a user, the tungsten electrode rod is in threaded connection with the output end of the plasma gun.
Further, the first passage may be arranged along the axis of the tungsten electrode rod or may be arranged eccentrically.
That is, the first passageway is formed by opening a hole in the tungsten rod along its length, the hole being disposed in the tungsten rod generally along the central axis of the tungsten rod.
If the open holes are eccentrically arranged, the position of the introduced inert gas relative to the plasma arc can be changed, so that the arc shape of the plasma arc can be controlled from the root, the middle and the tail of the plasma arc respectively.
Further, the diameters of the first passages may be equal or gradually increased or decreased along the length direction thereof.
That is, the holes provided in the tungsten electrode rod may be through holes of equal diameter or through holes of variable diameter, and the effect of controlling the plasma arc by the inert gas introduced can be adjusted by changing the diameter of the first passage.
Further, the first passage may be a straight passage or a curved passage.
That is, the holes arranged on the tungsten electrode rod are generally straight holes or irregular bent holes, and the control effect of the introduced inert gas on the plasma arc can be adjusted by adjusting the angle of the gas outlet end of the holes.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the result of the remaining stub bar of the electrode bar after preparing metal powder using the conventional plasma rotary electrode atomizing pulverizing method. The left diagram is an end face schematic diagram of the electrode bar residual stub bar after the metal powder is prepared by using the existing plasma rotary electrode atomization powder preparation method, and the right diagram is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the electrode bar residual stub bar.
In the prior art, no inert gas is introduced into the plasma arc, that is, a gas chamber for expanding the plasma arc is not formed in the plasma arc. As can be seen from fig. 3, the center of the end face of the remaining stub bar of the electrode bar is obviously concave, and meanwhile, the edge of the end face of the electrode bar is rough, the edges and corners are clear, and the edges and corners are uneven. The concave part can limit the milling distance of the electrode bar, so that the length and the mass of the rest stub bar of the electrode bar are larger.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the result of the remaining stub bar of the electrode bar after preparing metal powder by using the pulverizing method of the plasma atomizing pulverizing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. The left diagram is an end face schematic diagram of the residual stub bar of the electrode bar after the metal powder is prepared by using the powder preparation method provided by the embodiment, and the right diagram is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the residual stub bar of the electrode bar.
According to the invention, inert gas is introduced into the plasma arc, a gas cavity is formed in the plasma arc by the inert gas, and the plasma arc is propped up by the gas cavity, so that the contact melting area of the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar to be treated is increased, and the energy on the plasma arc is uniformly distributed on the end face of the electrode bar. As shown in fig. 4, the center of the end face of the rest stub bar of the electrode bar is approximately a plane, and the concave is not obvious. The plasma arc is properly spread under the action of a gas chamber formed by inert gas, the contact melting area of the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar is increased, and the melting degree of the rest end face edge part and the central part of the end face of the electrode bar is close, so that the central part and the edge part of the end face of the electrode bar are simultaneously separated from the electrode bar under the action of high-speed rotation, and the end face of the electrode bar is close to a plane, and the surface and the edge are smooth and round. Meanwhile, the end face is close to the plane, so that the length of the remaining stub bar of the electrode bar is short, the effective powder making distance of the electrode bar is increased, and the mass of the remaining electrode bar is reduced.
When the powder preparation method of the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention is practically applied, firstly, the rotary control shaft is moved towards the direction of the plasma gun so as to control electrode bars arranged on the rotary control shaft to pass through the feed inlet and enter the atomization chamber; secondly, the rotating control shaft drives the electrode bar to rotate at a speed of 3000-50000 rpm; thirdly, starting the plasma gun to enable a plasma arc to be generated between a tungsten electrode rod at the output end of the plasma gun and the end face of the electrode bar, and simultaneously, introducing inert gas into the plasma arc through a first passage which is formed in the tungsten electrode rod in a communicating way along the length direction of the tungsten electrode rod to enable the inert gas to form a gas chamber in the plasma arc so as to prop up the plasma arc and increase the area of a contact fusion part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar; finally, the molten metal contacting the molten part is thrown out by centrifugal force under the rotation of the rotary control shaft to form metal liquid drops, and the metal liquid drops form spherical metal powder under the action of the surface tension of the metal liquid drops.
According to the invention, through the mode of introducing inert gas into the plasma arc to prop up an ion arc and increase the area of a contact melting part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar, the homogenization of the energy density distribution of the plasma arc is realized, after the plasma arc energy received by the end face of the electrode bar is uniform, the melting degree of each position of the end face of the electrode bar is similar, so that each position of the end face of the electrode bar is simultaneously in a fully melted state, after each position of the end face of the electrode bar is simultaneously and fully melted, the electrode bar is simultaneously separated from the electrode bar to be thrown out under the rotation of a rotary control shaft to form metal powder, so that the metal powder with more uniform particle size distribution is obtained, and the yield of fine particle size powder preparation is increased; meanwhile, as plasma arc energy received by each part of the end face of the electrode bar is uniform, after the electrode bar is subjected to powder preparation, the end face of the electrode bar is close to be smooth and has no concave phenomenon, so that the length of the powder preparation is longer, the prepared metal powder is more, the residual stub bar is shorter, and the utilization rate of the electrode bar is effectively improved.
Example 1
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the overall structure of a plasma gun in a pulverizing method of a plasma atomizing pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an enlarged view of a part of the structure of a plasma gun in a pulverizing method of a plasma atomizing pulverizing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, in embodiment 1 of the present invention, the structure of the plasma gun includes:
the gun barrel 11 is provided with an opening at one end.
Wherein, the gun barrel 11 is of a hollow columnar structure, and an opening is reserved at the right end of the gun barrel 11.
The cathode water-cooled tube 12 is coaxially arranged in the gun barrel 11, and a sealing plate 121 is arranged in the middle of the cathode water-cooled tube 12;
the sealing plate 121 separates the cathode water-cooled tube 12 into a first tube body 122 and a second tube body 123 along the axial direction thereof, the second tube body 123 being close to the opening.
The cathode water-cooled tube 12 is a hollow tube, and the cathode water-cooled tube 12 is divided into a first tube 122 in a left half section and a second tube 123 in a right half section by a sealing plate 121 arranged inside, and the second tube 123 does not pass through the opening.
The first pipe 122 is cooled by circulating cooling water.
In this embodiment, the cathode water-cooling tube 12 is made of red copper.
The anode connecting piece 13 is coaxially sleeved at the opening, and an air outlet hole 131 is formed in the axis of the anode connecting piece 13.
Wherein, the air outlet hole 131 in the center of the anode connecting piece 13 is used for the tungsten electrode rod 14 to pass through. And the size of the air outlet hole 131 is related to the diameter of the tungsten electrode rod 14, and the diameter of the air outlet hole 131 is generally 3-5 mm larger than the diameter of the tungsten electrode rod 14.
In this embodiment, the anode connecting member 13 is also made of red copper. The anode connecting piece 13 is arranged in a hollow mode, and circulating cooling water is conveniently introduced to cool.
One end of the tungsten electrode rod 14 is coaxially sleeved in the second pipe body 123, and the other end of the tungsten electrode rod penetrates out of the air outlet hole 131.
Wherein, for the convenience of the user to install the tungsten electrode rod 14, the outer part of one end of the tungsten electrode rod 14 close to the second pipe body 123 and the inner wall of the second pipe body 123 are provided with mutually matched threads.
A first cavity 141 is left between the tungsten electrode rod 14 and the sealing plate 121, and a first passage 142 is formed in the tungsten electrode rod 14 along the length direction thereof and communicated with the first cavity 141.
The first cavity 141 is communicated with the first passage 142, so that a user can conveniently introduce gas into the first passage 142, and the gas is sprayed out to form the arc control gun gas 112.
In this embodiment, the tungsten electrode 14 is made of cerium-tungsten alloy, and the tungsten electrode 14 has a gas hole penetrating therethrough along its length direction, and the first passage 142 is formed through the gas hole.
An air inlet sleeve 15 is positioned in the gun barrel 11 and coaxially sleeved outside the cathode water cooling tube 12.
Wherein a first air intake passage and a second air intake passage are provided in the air intake sleeve 15, the first air intake passage and the second air intake passage being blocked by the second cooling pipe 110, which are not shown in fig. 5; the outer wall of the air inlet sleeve 15 is closely attached to the inner wall of the barrel 11.
In this embodiment, the air intake sleeve 15 is a stainless steel material.
An insulating gas distributing ring 16 is positioned between the gas inlet sleeve 15 and the cathode water cooling pipe 12, and is coaxially sleeved outside the cathode water cooling pipe 12.
Wherein, a plurality of second passages 161 are arranged on the insulating gas distributing ring 16 along the length direction, the second passages 161 are communicated with the gas outlet holes 131, and the plurality of second passages 161 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed outside the cathode water cooling tube 12.
A third passage 162 is communicated between the first cavity 141 and the outer side wall of the insulating gas distributing ring 16.
In the present embodiment, the insulating gas distribution ring 16 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the plurality of second passages 161 provided therein do not communicate with each other, and the second passages 161 and the third passages 162 do not communicate with each other.
A cathode sleeve 17 coaxially sealed around the cathode tube 12.
The cathode sleeve 17 is disposed on the outside of the first tube 122 in a sealing manner, and the right end of the cathode sleeve 17 is tightly attached to the left end of the air inlet sleeve 15.
In this embodiment, the cathode sleeve 17 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and is matched with the air inlet sleeve 15 to form a complete set, so that the air inlet sleeve 15 is pressed and fixed, and meanwhile, an insulating effect is achieved.
The cathode sleeve 17, the insulating gas distributing ring 16, the cathode water cooling pipe 12 and the gas inlet sleeve 15 are hermetically surrounded to form a second cavity 18.
The first air inlet passage, the second cavity 18, the plurality of second passages 161 and the air outlet holes 131 are communicated to form an arc gun air passage.
The second air intake passage, the third passage 162, the first cavity 141 and the first passage 142 communicate to form an arc control gun air passage.
Further, the inside of the anode connecting member 13 is a hollow structure, and the plasma gun 1 further includes a first cooling tube 19 and a second cooling tube 110.
One end of the first cooling pipe 19 is sleeved in the first pipe body 122, and the other end of the first cooling pipe 19 penetrates out of the gun barrel 11.
The circulating cooling water is introduced from the external environment through the first cooling pipe 19 to cool the cathode water cooling pipe 12.
Two second cooling pipes 110 are provided, and the two second cooling pipes 110 are correspondingly arranged at two sides of the first cooling pipe 19; one end of each second cooling tube 110 communicates with the inside of the anode connection member 13, and the other end of each second cooling tube 110 passes out of the gun barrel 11.
The anode connection member 13 is cooled by circulating cooling water from the outside environment through the second cooling pipe 110.
That is, the inert gas sequentially ejected through the first air inlet passage, the second cavity 18, the plurality of second passages 161 and the air outlet holes 131 forms an arc-discharging gun gas, and the arc-discharging gun gas is used for controlling plasma arcs to be generated between the plasma gun and the electrode bar to be treated; the arc control gun gas 112 formed by the inert gas sprayed from the second air inlet passage, the third passage 162, the first cavity 141 and the first passage 142 is introduced into the plasma arc 111 to form a gas chamber, and the gas chamber is used for expanding the plasma arc 111 and contacting the end surface of the electrode bar 4 through the plasma arc 111 to form a contact melting part 113.
Example 2
In embodiment 2 of the present invention, the electrode bar to be treated is an In718 metal bar of the same batch. Wherein In718 refers to a precipitation-strengthened nickel-based superalloy material.
The diameter of the electrode bar is 30mm, the length of the electrode bar is 120mm, the surface roughness is 1.6, and the radial circle runout is less than 2 wires. And (5) mounting the electrode bar on small plasma atomization powder making equipment for powder making.
One end of the electrode bar is arranged on the rotary control shaft in a threaded connection mode, the rotary control shaft is controlled to drive the electrode bar to move towards the direction of the plasma gun, and after one end of the electrode bar, which is far away from the rotary control shaft, is sent into the atomizing chamber, the electrode bar is controlled to rotate at a constant speed of 48000rpm through the rotary control shaft; starting a plasma gun, generating a plasma arc between a tungsten electrode rod at the output end of the plasma gun and the end face of the electrode bar, and fusing the end face of the electrode bar through the plasma arc; the contact melting part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar is thrown out by centrifugal force in the process of high-speed rotation of the electrode bar to form metal drops, and the metal drops are cooled under the action of surface tension in the process of cooling the metal drops to form the metal drops.
Control group 1: randomly selecting 5 In718 metal bars In the batch as electrode bars, and pulverizing by using the existing plasma rotary electrode atomization pulverizing method, wherein the diameter of a tungsten electrode bar is 14mm;
experiment group 1: the method comprises the steps of randomly selecting 5 In718 metal bars In batches as electrode bars, carrying out powder preparation by using the powder preparation method of the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment, wherein the diameter of a tungsten electrode is 14mm, a central through hole is 4mm, introducing inert gas In a plasma arc through a first passage In the tungsten electrode bar into the tungsten electrode bar to obtain high-purity argon, the inlet pressure of the argon is 0.1MPa, and the inlet flow rate of the argon is 4L/min.
The comparison result of the particle size distribution of the metal powder obtained after the powder preparation is finished and the mass of the remaining stub bar of the electrode bar is shown in table 1:
table 1 comparative table of pulverizing results of example 2
As can be seen from Table 1, under the premise of not changing the rotating speed and the feeding speed of the electrode bar and the power supply melting parameter of the plasma gun, the In718 metal bar is adopted for milling, and compared with the milling method In the prior art, the milling method of the invention can improve the yield of the fine powder with the granularity smaller than 53 mu m by using the average single electrode bar, and reduce the mass of the rest stub bar of the electrode bar by 89g, namely the average single electrode bar can reduce the waste of the In718 fine powder with the granularity smaller than 53 mu m by using the milling method of the invention.
Example 3
In embodiment 3 of the present invention, the electrode bar to be treated is a same batch of GH4099 metal bar. Where GH4099 refers to a highly alloyed nickel-based aged sheet alloy.
The diameter of the electrode bar is 50mm, the length is 280mm, the surface roughness is 1.6, and the radial circle runout is less than 2 wires. And (3) mounting the electrode bar on medium-sized plasma atomization powder making equipment for powder making.
One end of the electrode bar is arranged on the rotary control shaft in a threaded connection mode, the rotary control shaft is controlled to drive the electrode bar to move towards the direction of the plasma gun, and after one end of the electrode bar, which is far away from the rotary control shaft, is sent into the atomizing chamber, the electrode bar is controlled to rotate at a constant speed of 28000-36000 rpm through the rotary control shaft; starting a plasma gun, generating a plasma arc between a tungsten electrode rod at the output end of the plasma gun and the end face of the electrode bar, and fusing the end face of the electrode bar through the plasma arc; the contact melting part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar is thrown out by centrifugal force in the process of high-speed rotation of the electrode bar to form metal drops, and the metal drops are cooled under the action of surface tension in the process of cooling the metal drops to form the metal drops.
Control group 2: randomly selecting 5 GH4099 metal bars in the batch as electrode bars, and pulverizing by using the existing plasma rotary electrode atomization pulverizing method, wherein the diameter of a tungsten electrode bar is 18mm;
experiment group 2: randomly selecting 5 GH4099 metal bars from the batch as electrode bars, pulverizing by using the pulverizing method of the plasma atomization pulverizing equipment, wherein the diameter of a tungsten electrode is 18mm, a central through hole is 6mm, inert gas in a plasma arc is high-purity argon gas which is introduced into the plasma arc through a first passage in the tungsten electrode rod, the air inlet pressure of the argon gas is 0.25MPa, and the air inlet flow is 15L/min.
The comparison result of the particle size distribution of the metal powder obtained after the powder preparation is finished and the mass of the remaining stub bar of the electrode bar is shown in table 2:
table 2 comparative table of pulverizing results of example 3
As can be seen from Table 2, under the premise of not changing the rotating speed and the feeding speed of the electrode bar and the power supply melting parameter of the plasma gun, the GH4099 metal bar is adopted for pulverizing, and compared with the pulverizing method using the prior art, the pulverizing method using the average single electrode bar can improve the fine powder yield of less than 53 mu m by using the pulverizing method of the invention, and reduce the mass 121g of the rest stub bar of the electrode bar, namely the average single electrode bar can reduce the waste of GH4099 fine powder of which the particle size is less than 53 mu m by 27.35 g.
Example 4
In embodiment 4 of the present invention, the electrode bars to be treated are TC4 metal bars of the same batch. Wherein TC4 refers to a titanium alloy.
The diameter of the electrode bar is 75mm, the length of the electrode bar is 400mm, the surface roughness is 1.6, and the radial circle runout is less than 2 wires. And (3) mounting the electrode bar on large-scale plasma atomization powder making equipment for powder making.
One end of the electrode bar is arranged on the rotary control shaft in a threaded connection mode, the rotary control shaft is controlled to drive the electrode bar to move towards the direction of the plasma gun, and after one end of the electrode bar, which is far away from the rotary control shaft, is sent into the atomizing chamber, the electrode bar is controlled to rotate at a constant speed of 18000-23000 rpm through the rotary control shaft; starting a plasma gun, generating a plasma arc between a tungsten electrode rod at the output end of the plasma gun and the end face of the electrode bar, and fusing the end face of the electrode bar through the plasma arc; the contact melting part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar is thrown out by centrifugal force in the process of high-speed rotation of the electrode bar to form metal drops, and the metal drops are cooled under the action of surface tension in the process of cooling the metal drops to form the metal drops.
Control group 3: randomly selecting 5 TC4 metal bars in the batch as electrode bars, and pulverizing by using the existing plasma rotary electrode atomization pulverizing method, wherein the diameter of a tungsten electrode bar is 26mm;
experiment group 3: the method comprises the steps of randomly selecting 5 TC4 metal bars in batches as electrode bars, carrying out powder preparation by using the powder preparation method of the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment, wherein the diameter of a tungsten electrode is 26mm, a central through hole is 8mm, introducing inert gas in a plasma arc through a first passage in the tungsten electrode bar into the tungsten electrode bar to obtain high-purity argon, the inlet pressure of the argon is 0.3MPa, and the inlet flow rate is 25L/min.
The comparison result of the particle size distribution of the metal powder obtained after the powder preparation is finished and the mass of the remaining stub bar of the electrode bar is shown in table 3:
table 3 comparative table of pulverizing results of example 4
As can be seen from Table 3, under the premise of not changing the rotating speed and the feeding speed of the electrode bar and the power supply melting parameter of the plasma gun, the TC4 metal bar is adopted for pulverizing, and compared with the pulverizing method using the prior art, the pulverizing method using the pulverizing method of the invention for the average single electrode bar can improve the fine powder yield of less than 150 mu m, reduce the mass of the rest stub bar of the electrode bar by 4.7%, namely reduce the waste of 10.25g of TC4 fine powder of which the particle size is less than 150 mu m.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, but any changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The powder preparation method of the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment is characterized by being applied to the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment, wherein the plasma atomization powder preparation equipment comprises an atomization chamber, a plasma gun and a rotary control shaft, the output end of the plasma gun is arranged in the atomization chamber, an electrode bar to be treated is coaxially arranged on the rotary control shaft, and a feed inlet for feeding the electrode bar is arranged at the other end, opposite to the plasma gun, in the atomization chamber; the pulverizing method comprises the following steps:
controlling the rotation control shaft to move in the direction of the plasma gun, and sending the electrode bar into the atomization chamber through the feed inlet;
controlling the rotation control shaft to rotate and driving the electrode bar to rotate at a speed of 3000-50000 rpm;
starting the plasma gun to enable a plasma arc to be generated between a tungsten electrode rod coaxially connected with the output end of the plasma gun and the end face of the electrode bar, and simultaneously, introducing inert gas into the plasma arc through a first passage which is communicated and opened in the tungsten electrode rod along the length direction of the tungsten electrode rod to enable the inert gas to form a gas chamber in the plasma arc; the gas chamber is used for expanding the plasma arc so as to increase the area of a contact fusion part between the plasma arc and the end face of the electrode bar;
the molten metal contacting the molten part is thrown out by centrifugal force under the rotation of the rotary control shaft to form metal liquid drops; the metal droplets form spherical metal powder under the action of surface tension.
2. The powder manufacturing method of the plasma atomization powder manufacturing equipment according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the tungsten electrode rod is 14-36 mm, and the diameter of the first passage is 2-8 mm.
3. The powder process method of the plasma atomization powder process equipment according to claim 2, wherein the inlet air pressure of the inert gas when entering the first passage is 0.1-0.4 mpa, and the inlet air flow is 3-120 l/min.
4. A powder process of a plasma atomizing powder process plant according to claim 1, wherein the inert gas is argon or helium.
5. The powder process method of the plasma atomization powder process equipment according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the electrode bar is 25-80 mm, the length is 90-420 mm, the surface roughness is 1.6, and the circle run-out is less than 2 wires.
6. The powder pulverizing method of a plasma atomizing powder pulverizing apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the tungsten electrode rod is screwed to an output end of the plasma gun.
7. The powder pulverizing method of a plasma atomizing powder pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first passage is provided along an axis of the tungsten electrode rod or the first passage is provided eccentrically to the axis of the tungsten electrode rod.
8. A pulverizing method of a plasma atomizing powder pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the diameters of the first passages are equal at all points along the length direction thereof, or the diameters of the first passages are gradually increased or decreased at all points along the length direction thereof.
9. A pulverizing method of a plasma atomizing pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first passage is a straight passage or the first passage is a curved passage.
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