CN117468016A - Electrochemical treatment device for reducing carbon dioxide and system thereof - Google Patents
Electrochemical treatment device for reducing carbon dioxide and system thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117468016A CN117468016A CN202210866618.0A CN202210866618A CN117468016A CN 117468016 A CN117468016 A CN 117468016A CN 202210866618 A CN202210866618 A CN 202210866618A CN 117468016 A CN117468016 A CN 117468016A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- chamber
- carbon dioxide
- catholyte
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 306
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 146
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- REKWWOFUJAJBCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].OP([O-])([O-])=O REKWWOFUJAJBCL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019800 disodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001386 lithium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].OC([O-])=O HQRPHMAXFVUBJX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005289 physical deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 73
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
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- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000032 lithium hydrogen carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/23—Carbon monoxide or syngas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses electrochemical treatment equipment for reducing carbon dioxide and a system thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses equipment and a system for reducing carbon dioxide, in particular to electrochemical treatment equipment and a system for reducing carbon dioxide.
Background
"carbon emissions" are greenhouse gases generated directly or indirectly by humans in various activities, and when the greenhouse gases are emitted into the earth's atmosphere, they generate a greenhouse effect to cause global warming, and the total weight of the greenhouse gases is called "carbon emissions". Among the various greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the most commonly used Carbon emission measure because of its highest proportion in the atmosphere, and Carbon emissions (Carbon print) can be defined as the amount of Carbon dioxide emissions directly and indirectly generated during an Activity or the whole life cycle of a product, where life cycle refers to the period from the raw materials obtained or generated from natural resources to the final disposal, and related to continuous and interlinked processes in the product system.
The foregoing greenhouse gas effect caused by carbon dioxide, i.e. the growth of carbon emissions is too fast, so that the greenhouse gas increases, which becomes one of the important factors causing climate change, and the carbon emissions have a great influence on the earth, including an increase in global warming speed, an increase in global average temperature, and an increase in sea level, which aggravate extreme climate, and cause an increase in global warming speed, so that the most direct and effective way is to reduce the greenhouse gas, in other words, to reduce the carbon emissions as soon as possible.
However, to achieve the net zero carbon emission, it is an unprecedented goal of global mankind, and thus, technologies for capturing, reusing and sequestering carbon dioxide are being accelerated. In terms of recycling carbon dioxide, the industry now has a lot of attention to converting carbon dioxide into other energy sources, and if carbon dioxide is reduced to form carbon monoxide or other hydrocarbon, the carbon dioxide is decomposed by combining a photocatalyst and a combined water decomposition system, so as to decompose water and reduce carbon dioxide, that is, the carbon dioxide is reduced and converted into hydrocarbon or alcohol chemical fuel by utilizing the photocatalyst to photo-catalyze, the carbon dioxide is prepared into fuel by utilizing solar decomposed water (H2O) to produce hydrogen or convert carbon dioxide, and the water containing carbon dioxide is reduced by using a metal catalyst or a nonaqueous solution to produce hydrocarbon or alcohol chemical fuel, but the above-mentioned photocatalyst mode is also only adopted in a batch reaction device, and the energy conversion efficiency is relatively low, so that the industry which needs to treat a large amount of carbon dioxide is unfavorable.
It is therefore highly desirable to develop an electrochemical treatment apparatus or system that can effectively reduce carbon dioxide, and to develop and utilize such highly environmentally friendly electrochemical treatment apparatus and system that can be advantageously utilized by related industries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides electrochemical treatment equipment for reducing carbon dioxide and a system thereof, which adopt carbon dioxide as carbon dioxide gas as feed, and can permeate a gas diffusion electrode as a cathode electrode, wherein the gas diffusion electrode mainly serves as a reagent for improving the concentration of the reagent so as to improve the reactivity (high current density).
According to the foregoing, the three-chamber electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide of the present invention comprises at least a cathode chamber including a cathode gas input port and a cathode gas output port, wherein a carbon dioxide gas feed enters the cathode chamber from the cathode gas input port, and a mixed gas having a carbon dioxide reduction product exits the cathode chamber from the cathode gas output port; a catholyte chamber allowing passage or residence of a catholyte, wherein a cathode electrode is disposed between the cathode chamber and the catholyte chamber, the cathode electrode reducing a carbon dioxide gas feed to form a mixed gas and a mixed liquid having a carbon dioxide reduction product, exiting the device through a cathode gas output port and a liquid output port, respectively; an isolation unit; and an anode chamber and an isolation unit separating the anode chamber and the catholyte chamber, the anode chamber including an anode input port, an anode output port, and an anode electrode, the anode chamber being adjacent to the isolation unit with the anode electrode adjacent to the catholyte chamber, wherein an anode feed enters the anode chamber from the anode input port to contact the anode electrode, the anode feed is a liquid, and an anode discharge exits the anode chamber from the anode output port.
According to the foregoing, the four-chamber electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide of the present invention comprises at least a cathode chamber including a cathode gas input port, and a cathode gas output port, wherein a carbon dioxide gas feed enters the cathode chamber from the cathode gas input port, and a mixed gas having a carbon dioxide reduction product exits the cathode chamber from the cathode gas output port; a catholyte chamber allowing passage or residence of a catholyte, the cathode electrode reducing the carbon dioxide gas feed to form a mixed gas and a mixed liquid having carbon dioxide reduction products, leaving the device through a cathode gas output port and a liquid output port, respectively, the cathode electrode being disposed between the cathode chamber and the catholyte chamber; an isolation unit; an anolyte chamber and an isolation unit separating the anolyte chamber and the catholyte chamber, the anolyte chamber having an anolyte input port and an anolyte output port, wherein anolyte feed enters the anolyte chamber from the anolyte input port and anolyte discharge exits the anolyte chamber from the anolyte output port; and an anode chamber including an anode input port, an anode output port, and an anode electrode disposed between the anode chamber and the anode electrolyte chamber, the anode electrolyte chamber interposed between the isolation unit and the anode electrode, wherein anode feed enters the anode chamber from the anode input port to contact the anode electrode, the anode feed is a gas, and anode discharge exits the anode chamber from the anode output port.
The system of the electrochemical treatment equipment for reducing the carbon dioxide comprises a plurality of electrochemical treatment equipment for reducing the carbon dioxide, which are connected with each other in series or in parallel or in any combination of series and parallel.
The electrochemical treatment equipment for reducing carbon dioxide has the advantages that when carbon dioxide is fed as carbon dioxide gas, the problem of poor solubility of carbon dioxide in common catholyte can be avoided, and the gas diffusion electrode is used as a cathode electrode, so that the concentration of reactants is increased to have high current density, and the reactivity is further improved.
The electrochemical treatment equipment for reducing carbon dioxide has the advantages that when the arrangement mode is adopted, the distance between electrodes can be effectively reduced, the resistance is reduced, the resistance of a reaction tank is further reduced, and the stability and the high current density of the electrodes are improved.
The electrochemical treatment device for reducing carbon dioxide has the advantages that the isolation unit is used for isolating the chambers, thereby isolating substances in the two chambers to a limited extent, preventing the substances from being directly exchanged, and simultaneously allowing the flow of ions to maintain the electric neutrality balance required by the operation of the electrolytic tank.
The electrochemical treatment equipment for reducing carbon dioxide has the advantages that gas-liquid split flow is adopted, and the catholyte chamber and the cathode chamber can be respectively provided with an input port and an output port. Therefore, products in different phases generated after the cathode electrolytic reaction can be directly separated and leave the cathode chamber and the cathode electrolyte chamber through the respective output ports, and the method has the effects of reducing the cost of separating the products and improving the purity of the products. Similarly, the anode chamber can achieve gas-liquid split in the same way, thereby being beneficial to the separation of gas-liquid products.
For a further understanding of the technical content and features of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description of the invention and the accompanying drawings, which are provided herein for reference and are not intended to limit the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and other advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of an electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of a system of the present invention comprising an electrochemical device for reducing carbon dioxide.
FIG. 4 is a block schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a system of the present invention comprising an electrochemical device for reducing carbon dioxide.
FIG. 5 is a block schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a system of the present invention comprising an electrochemical device for reducing carbon dioxide.
FIG. 6 is a block schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of a system of the present invention comprising an electrochemical device for reducing carbon dioxide.
Detailed Description
The following description and drawings are provided to illustrate embodiments of the invention. In the schematic drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same components, and the size or thickness of the components may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of an electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, an electrochemical treatment apparatus 2 for reducing carbon dioxide includes a cathode chamber 10, a cathode electrode 12, a catholyte chamber 11, a separator 30, an anode electrode 22, and an anode chamber 20.
Still referring to fig. 1, the cathode chamber 10 has a cathode gas input port 13 and a cathode gas output port 15, which are located at appropriate positions of the cathode chamber 10 to externally connect other components, structures, devices or apparatuses, not shown, and the cathode chamber 10 is connected to a gas feed line, component, device or apparatus by the cathode gas input port 13.
As shown in fig. 1, in the cathode chamber 10 of the present embodiment, carbon dioxide enters the cathode chamber 10 through the cathode gas inlet 13, wherein the carbon dioxide may be a gas including carbon dioxide, and the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas may be, for example, but not limited to, 0.01-100% by volume, and the gas for dilution may be nitrogen, argon, etc. Where the carbon dioxide gas feed 14 is predominantly in the gas phase. It should be noted that, although the cathode gas input port 13 of the present invention mainly includes the cathode gas, in practice, a very small amount of water may be included in the cathode gas, which is not essential to the present invention. Thus, regarding the cathode gas feed in the cathode gas input port 13, it is not limited that the cathode gas feed of the present invention does not contain moisture in a liquid phase, but the carbon dioxide gas feed of the present invention enters the reduction apparatus in a gas phase to perform electrochemical reaction. Next, in the electrolysis reaction, the carbon dioxide entering the cathode chamber 10 through the cathode gas input port 13 may be reduced to carbon monoxide on the cathode electrode 12, or further include other product gases such as methane, ethane, ethylene, formic acid, methanol or ethanol, etc. in combination, and the carbon monoxide, other product gases, non-reactive gases, unreacted carbon dioxide, or some or all of the foregoing gases may be used to form the mixed gas 16 having the carbon dioxide reduction product.
As also shown in fig. 1, in the cathode chamber 10 of the present embodiment, a mixed gas 16 of the carbon dioxide reduction product is generated, the mixed gas 16 can leave the cathode chamber 10 through the cathode gas output port 15, and the cathode gas output port 15 can be connected to the outside of the pipeline, so that the mixed gas 16 with the carbon dioxide reduction product is sent to other units, devices or apparatuses for further treatment through the pipeline. It should be noted that, the mixed gas 16 with the carbon dioxide reduction product of the present invention is mainly the gas phase discharging of the mixed gas, but is not limited to the gas phase only, and in actual operation, there may be very little liquid moisture existing in the mixed gas 16 with the carbon dioxide reduction product due to the operating conditions or environmental parameters, or the situation that the vapor and the moisture reach the gas-liquid equilibrium may occur in the mixed gas 16 with the carbon dioxide reduction product. Thus, the cathode chamber 10 of the present invention is configured as a space to provide a catholyte reaction, which may have one or more input ports and one or more output ports to provide for ingress and egress of cathode reactants and catholyte residence.
With continued reference to fig. 1, a cathode electrode 12 is disposed between the cathode chamber 10 and the catholyte chamber 11. In embodiments of the present invention, the cathode electrode 12 facilitates the reduction of the gaseous reactant carbon dioxide therein, such as a porous electrode. Second, the cathode electrode 12 may further include one or more cathode catalysts, such as gold, silver, zinc, copper, bismuth, tin, or other metal or metal monoatomic catalysts or various combinations of the foregoing, disposed on the cathode electrode 12 in a suitable manner, such as, but not limited to, by physical or chemical adsorption, or by chemical bonding.
As also shown in fig. 1, a cathode electrode 12 is disposed between the cathode chamber 10 and the catholyte chamber 11, i.e., the catholyte chamber 11 is adjacent to the cathode chamber 10 with the cathode electrode 12. The cathode electrode 12 may serve as an interface for gas-liquid separation to separate the gas-liquid flow of the gaseous and liquid carbon dioxide reduction products generated by the catholyte reaction. Thus, the cathode electrode 12 allows the catholyte chamber 11 and the cathode chamber 10 to be provided with respective input and output ports, respectively. Therefore, the products in different phases generated after the cathode electrolytic reaction can be directly separated and leave the cathode chamber 10 from the respective output ports, thereby having the effects of reducing the cost of separating the products and improving the purity of the products.
With continued reference to fig. 1, catholyte chamber 11 includes a catholyte input port 33 and a liquid output port 35, with catholyte input port 33 and liquid output port 35 respectively located at appropriate locations of catholyte chamber 11 to externally connect other components, structures, devices or apparatus not shown as a limitation, and with catholyte chamber 11 adjacent to cathode chamber 10 with cathode electrode 12. Catholyte feed 34 enters catholyte chamber 11 from catholyte input port 33 and exits catholyte chamber 11 through liquid output port 35 after reaction. Catholyte feed 34 is in the liquid phase and liquid product 36 includes catholyte and catholyte products, low carbon alcohols, acids, urea, etc., wherein the catholyte products may be single or mixed products.
Referring to fig. 1, the catholyte used in the catholyte chamber 11 may include, for example, but not limited to, electrolytes including sodium hydroxide, sodium bromide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium bromide, lithium hydrogen carbonate, lithium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydroxide, potassium bromide, potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, or a combination of any two or more of the foregoing. An anolyte, such as, for example and without limitation, an aqueous solution of an electrolyte of sodium hydroxide, sodium bromide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium bromide, lithium bicarbonate, lithium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydroxide, potassium bromide, potassium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, or any combination thereof. The solid electrolyte may include polymer solid electrolyte, inorganic solid electrolyte, organic and inorganic composite solid electrolyte, and colloidal electrolyte.
As shown in fig. 1, the separator 30 of the present embodiment is adjacent to the catholyte chamber 11, and the present invention prevents direct exchange of materials by limiting the separation of the two chambers of materials through the separator 30, while allowing the flow of ions to maintain the charge neutral balance required for the operation of the electrolyzer, wherein the separator 30 may be porous ceramic, bipolar Membrane (Bipolar Membrane), anion, and cation semipermeable Membrane. According to the above, when the carbon dioxide is fed as carbon dioxide gas, the problem of poor solubility of carbon dioxide in a general catholyte can be avoided, thereby increasing the concentration of the reactant and thus the reactivity (high current density). Mainly because the gas diffusion electrode functions to increase the concentration of the reactant and thus the reactivity (high current density). Secondly, by adopting the arrangement mode of the invention, the distance between the electrodes can be effectively reduced to reduce the resistance, thereby reducing the resistance of the reaction tank so as to improve the stability and high current density of the electrodes. Thus, the electrode arrangement method used in the present invention is also to reduce the inter-electrode distance.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the anode 22 of the present embodiment is adjacent to the isolation unit 30, and the anode 22 may include one or more anode catalysts, such as, but not limited to, metals such as ruthenium, iridium, titanium, nickel, iron, cobalt, platinum, or combinations thereof, which may be used for the anodic oxidation reaction including oxygen evolution (Oxygen Evolution Reaction, OER), chlorine evolution (Chlorine Evolution Reaction, CER) or urea oxidation (Urea Oxidation Reaction, UOR), oxygen reduction (Oxygen Reduction Reaction), phenol oxidation or organic pollutant oxidation.
Referring again to fig. 1, the anode electrode 22 of embodiments of the present invention may further include one or more anode catalysts disposed on the anode electrode 22 in a suitable manner, such as, but not limited to, by physical or chemical adsorption or chemical bonding. Furthermore, the cathode electrode 12 or the anode electrode 22 may be prepared by, for example, but not limited to, a porous electrode made of a metal material or a porous electrode material coated with a metal, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, a conductive composite of polyethylene and a conductor, or a porous carbon material, by chemical deposition, physical deposition, electroplating or electroless plating.
As shown in FIG. 1, the anode 22 of the present invention can provide an anolyte reaction, and the anode chamber 20 thereof can have one or more input ports and one or more output ports for providing the ingress and egress of the anode reactant and the anolyte, wherein the anode 22 can split the gas-liquid (split-flow) of the anolyte reaction when the anolyte is liquid, thereby directly separating the products of different phases generated after the anolyte reaction, leaving the anode chamber 20 from the respective output ports, and having the effects of reducing the cost of separating the products and improving the purity of the products. Without limitation, the anode electrode 22 may also be disposed at the boundary of the space (anode chamber 20) so that the anode reactant and the anolyte may enter the anode chamber 20 together.
Referring again to fig. 1, the anode chamber 20 includes an anode input port 23, and an anode output port 25. The anode chamber 20 is connected to liquid (gas) feed lines, components, devices or apparatus by means of anode input ports 23. Anode input ports 23 and anode output ports 25 are located at appropriate positions in the anode chamber 20, respectively, to externally connect other components, structures, devices or apparatus, not being limited by the drawing, while the anode effluent 26 of the anolyte and anode products may leave the anode chamber 20 from anode output ports 25, which may comprise liquid-gas two-phase anolyte and anode products, wherein the anode products may be single or mixed products.
As shown in fig. 1, the cathode electrode and the anode electrode of the present invention are porous electrodes or gas diffusion electrodes, and the porous electrodes are made of at least a conductive composite of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene and a conductor, a conductive polymer, a porous carbon material, and a porous metal material, wherein the porous metal material is modified by chemical deposition, physical deposition, electroplating, and electroless plating to form a porous metal material, or a material selected from any two groups. Next, the metal is selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, tin, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, iridium, platinum, gold, aluminum, indium, titanium, lead, bismuth, antimony, tellurium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and combinations thereof.
Referring to fig. 1, the cathode electrode 12, the separator 30 and the anode electrode 22 of the present invention extend substantially over any cross section of the body of the electrochemical treatment apparatus 2 for reducing carbon dioxide. In addition, the positions of the cathode gas input port 13, the cathode gas output port 15, the anode input port 23, the anode output port 25, the catholyte input port 33, and the liquid output port 35 on the body in fig. 1 are merely for convenience of description, and may be adjusted according to practical applications, and are not intended to limit the relative positions of the chambers and the ports of the present invention.
Referring next to fig. 1, in the electrolytic reaction of the present invention, an anode feed 24 (liquid) comprising an anolyte and an anode reactant contacts the anode electrode 22 and is electrolyzed to produce an anode product, such as, but not limited to, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, chlorine, or a combination thereof.
Still referring to fig. 1, in the electrolytic reaction of the present invention, carbon dioxide is reduced to form different carbon dioxide reduction products by electroreduction, and the design of the present invention can enable the cathode product to be formed at the gas/liquid phase interface according to different physical and chemical properties, so as to achieve the effect of liquid-gas diversion.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide according to the present invention, and fig. 1 is different from fig. 2 in that the electrochemical treatment apparatus 4 for reducing carbon dioxide of fig. 2 comprises the following components: cathode chamber 10, cathode electrode 12, catholyte chamber 11, separator 30, anolyte chamber 40, anode electrode 22, and anode chamber 21.
Still referring to fig. 2, the cathode chamber 10 has a cathode gas input port 13 and a cathode gas output port 15, which are located at appropriate positions of the cathode chamber 10 to externally connect other components, structures, devices or apparatuses, not shown, and the cathode chamber 10 is connected to a gas feed line, component, device or apparatus by the cathode gas input port 13.
As shown in fig. 2, in the cathode chamber 10 of the present embodiment, carbon dioxide enters the cathode chamber 10 through the cathode gas inlet 13, wherein the carbon dioxide may be a gas including carbon dioxide, and the concentration of the carbon dioxide gas may be, for example, but not limited to, 0.01-100% by volume, and the gas for dilution may be nitrogen, argon, etc. Where the carbon dioxide gas feed 14 is predominantly in the gas phase. It should be noted that, although the cathode gas input port 13 of the present invention mainly includes the cathode gas, in practice, a very small amount of water may be included in the cathode gas, which is not essential to the present invention. Thus, regarding the cathode gas feed in the cathode gas input port 13, it is not limited that the cathode gas feed of the present invention does not contain moisture in a liquid phase, but the carbon dioxide gas feed of the present invention enters the reduction apparatus in a gas phase to perform electrochemical reaction. Next, in the electrolysis reaction, the carbon dioxide entering the cathode chamber 10 through the cathode gas input port 13 may be reduced to carbon monoxide on the cathode electrode 12, or further include other product gases such as methane, ethane, ethylene, formic acid, methanol or ethanol, etc. in combination, and the carbon monoxide, other product gases, non-reactive gases, unreacted carbon dioxide, or some or all of the foregoing gases may be used to form the mixed gas 16 having the carbon dioxide reduction product.
As also shown in fig. 2, in the cathode chamber 10 of the present embodiment, a mixed gas 16 of the carbon dioxide reduction product is generated, the mixed gas 16 can leave the cathode chamber 10 through the cathode gas output port 15, and the cathode gas output port 15 can be connected to the outside of the pipeline, so that the mixed gas 16 with the carbon dioxide reduction product is sent to other units, devices or apparatuses for further treatment through the pipeline. It should be noted that, the mixed gas 16 with the carbon dioxide reduction product of the present invention is mainly the gas phase discharging of the mixed gas, but is not limited to the gas phase only, and in actual operation, there may be very little liquid moisture existing in the mixed gas 16 with the carbon dioxide reduction product due to the operating conditions or environmental parameters, or the situation that the vapor and the moisture reach the gas-liquid equilibrium may occur in the mixed gas 16 with the carbon dioxide reduction product. Thus, the cathode chamber 10 of the present invention is configured as a space to provide a catholyte reaction, which may have one or more input ports and one or more output ports to provide for ingress and egress of cathode reactants and catholyte residence.
With continued reference to fig. 2, a cathode electrode 12 is disposed between the cathode chamber 10 and the catholyte chamber 11. In embodiments of the present invention, the cathode electrode 12 facilitates the reduction of the gaseous reactant carbon dioxide therein, such as a porous electrode. Second, the cathode electrode 12 may further include one or more cathode catalysts, such as gold, silver, zinc, copper, bismuth, tin, or other metal or metal monoatomic catalysts or various combinations of the foregoing, disposed on the cathode electrode 12 in a suitable manner, such as, but not limited to, by physical or chemical adsorption, or by chemical bonding.
As also shown in fig. 2, a cathode electrode 12 is disposed between the cathode chamber 10 and the catholyte chamber 11, i.e., the catholyte chamber 11 is adjacent to the cathode chamber 10 with the cathode electrode 12. The cathode electrode 12 may serve as an interface for gas-liquid separation to separate the gas-liquid flow of the gaseous and liquid carbon dioxide reduction products generated by the catholyte reaction. Thus, the cathode electrode 12 allows the catholyte chamber 11 and the cathode chamber 10 to be provided with respective input and output ports, respectively. Therefore, the products in different phases generated after the cathode electrolytic reaction can be directly separated and leave the cathode chamber 10 from the respective output ports, thereby having the effects of reducing the cost of separating the products and improving the purity of the products.
With continued reference to fig. 2, catholyte chamber 11 includes a catholyte input port 33 and a liquid output port 35, with catholyte input port 33 and liquid output port 35 respectively located at appropriate locations of catholyte chamber 11 to externally connect other components, structures, devices or apparatus not shown as a limitation, and with catholyte chamber 11 adjacent to cathode chamber 10 with cathode electrode 12. Catholyte feed 34 enters catholyte chamber 11 from catholyte input port 33 and exits catholyte chamber 11 through liquid output port 35 after reaction. Catholyte feed 34 is in the liquid phase and liquid product 36 includes catholyte and catholyte products, low carbon alcohols, acids, urea, etc., wherein the catholyte products may be single or mixed products.
Referring to fig. 2, the catholyte used in the catholyte chamber 11 may include, for example, but not limited to, electrolytes including sodium hydroxide, sodium bromide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium bromide, lithium hydrogen carbonate, lithium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydroxide, potassium bromide, potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, or a combination of any two or more of the foregoing. An anolyte, such as, for example and without limitation, an aqueous solution of an electrolyte of sodium hydroxide, sodium bromide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium bromide, lithium bicarbonate, lithium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydroxide, potassium bromide, potassium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, or any combination thereof. The solid electrolyte may include polymer solid electrolyte, inorganic solid electrolyte, organic and inorganic composite solid electrolyte, and colloidal electrolyte.
As shown in fig. 2, the separator 30 of the present embodiment is adjacent to the catholyte chamber 11, and the separator 30 may be porous ceramics, bipolar membranes (Bipolar membranes), anions, and cation semipermeable membranes. According to the above, when the carbon dioxide is fed as carbon dioxide gas, the problem of poor solubility of carbon dioxide in a general catholyte can be avoided, thereby increasing the concentration of the reactant and thus the reactivity (high current density). Mainly because the gas diffusion electrode functions to increase the concentration of the reactant and thus the reactivity (high current density). Secondly, by adopting the arrangement mode of the invention, the distance between the electrodes can be effectively reduced to reduce the resistance, thereby reducing the resistance of the reaction tank so as to improve the stability and high current density of the electrodes. Thus, the electrode arrangement method used in the present invention is also to reduce the inter-electrode distance.
Referring to fig. 2, the isolation unit 30 is disposed between the catholyte chamber 11 and the anolyte chamber 40, so that the isolation unit 30 is adjacent to the anolyte chamber 40, i.e., the anolyte chamber 40 is adjacent to the catholyte chamber 11 with the isolation unit 30. The present invention isolates the catholyte chamber 11 and the anolyte chamber 40 through the isolation unit 30, thereby limiting the separation of the two chambers from materials, preventing direct exchange of materials, while allowing the flow of ions to maintain the neutral balance of electricity required for operation of the cell.
As further shown in fig. 2, the anolyte chamber 40 has an anolyte input port 43 and an anolyte output port 45, the anolyte chamber 40 being adjacent to the anode chamber 21 with the anode electrode 22. Wherein anolyte feed 44 enters anolyte chamber 40 from anolyte input port 43, reacts to become anolyte and anolyte product 46, and exits anolyte chamber 40 from anolyte output port 45. Therefore, besides the cathode chamber 10, the anode chamber 21 also adopts the gas-liquid split design to directly separate products in different phases, so that the cost for separation can be reduced, and the purity of the products can be improved. According to the above, for few examples, the product is difficult to separate directly, for example, the alkaline substance generated by the cathode reacts with the residual CO2 of the reaction to cause product loss, and the product which is difficult to separate originally can be separated effectively by the gas-liquid split design of the invention.
With continued reference to fig. 2, the anode electrode 22 of the present embodiment is disposed adjacent to the anolyte chamber 40, and the anode electrode 22 may include one or more anode catalysts, such as, but not limited to, metals such as ruthenium, iridium, titanium, nickel, iron, cobalt, platinum, or combinations thereof, which may undergo an anodic oxidation reaction including an oxygen evolution reaction (Oxygen Evolution Reaction, OER), a chlorine evolution reaction (Chlorine Evolution Reaction, CER) or a urea oxidation reaction (Urea Oxidation Reaction, UOR), an oxygen reduction reaction (Oxygen Reduction Reaction), a phenol oxidation reaction, or an organic contaminant oxidation reaction.
Referring again to fig. 2, the anode electrode 22 of embodiments of the present invention may further include one or more anode catalysts disposed on the anode electrode 22 in a suitable manner, such as, but not limited to, by physical or chemical adsorption or chemical bonding. Furthermore, the cathode electrode 12 or the anode electrode 22 may be prepared by, for example, but not limited to, a porous electrode made of a metal material or a porous electrode material coated with a metal, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, a conductive composite of polyethylene and a conductor, or a porous carbon material, by chemical deposition, physical deposition, electroplating or electroless plating.
As shown in fig. 2, the anode 22 of the present invention may provide an anolyte reaction, the anode 22 is disposed between the anolyte chamber 40 and the anode chamber 21, and may have one or more input ports and one or more output ports to provide for ingress and egress of anode reactants and anolyte, wherein the anode 22 may split (split-flow) the anolyte reaction, when the anolyte is a liquid, and the anolyte chamber 40 and the anode chamber 21 may each be provided with respective input ports and output ports. Therefore, the products of different phases generated after the anodic electrolytic reaction can be directly separated and leave the anode chamber 21 from the respective output ports, thereby having the effects of reducing the cost of separating the products and improving the purity of the products. Without limitation, the anode electrode 22 may also be disposed on the boundary of the space (anode chamber 21) so that the anode reactant and the anolyte may enter the anode chamber 21 together.
As further shown in fig. 2, the anode chamber 21 of the present invention has an anode input port 23 and an anode output port 25, wherein the anode feed 54 (gas) comprises an anode gas reactant and the anode discharge 56 comprises an anode gas product. Referring again to fig. 2, the anode chamber 21 includes an anode input port 23, and an anode output port 25. The anode chamber 21 is connected to liquid (gas) feed lines, components, devices or apparatus by means of anode input ports 23. Anode input ports 23 and anode output ports 25 are located at appropriate positions in the anode chamber 21, respectively, to externally connect other components, structures, devices or apparatus, not being limited by the drawing, while the anode effluent 26 of the anolyte and anode products may leave the anode chamber 21 from anode output ports 25, which may comprise liquid-gas two-phase anolyte and anode products, wherein the anode products may be single or mixed products.
The schematic cross-sectional views of the first embodiment of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide in fig. 1 and the schematic cross-sectional views of the second embodiment of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide in fig. 2 include a cathode electrode and an anode electrode, which are porous electrodes or gas diffusion electrodes, wherein the material of the porous electrodes at least comprises polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, a conductive composite of polyethylene and a conductor, a conductive polymer, a porous carbon material, and a porous metal material, and the metal is modified on the porous material by a chemical deposition method, a physical deposition method, an electroplating method, and an electroless plating method to form a porous metal material, or a material selected from at least any two of the above groups is used as the porous electrode. Next, the metal is selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, tin, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, iridium, platinum, gold, aluminum, indium, titanium, lead, bismuth, antimony, tellurium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and combinations thereof.
In the schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide of fig. 1 and the schematic cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide of fig. 2, the following cathode catalyst and anode catalyst are included, which may be metals, metal compounds, alloys, carbon compounds containing at least one of hetero atoms or metals, or any combination of two or more of the above. The metal may be vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, tin, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, iridium, platinum, gold, aluminum, indium, titanium, lead, bismuth, antimony, tellurium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, or combinations thereof. The metal compounds include organic metal compounds and inorganic metal compounds, and encompass metal halides, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal sulfides or metal nitrides. The carbon compound containing at least one of a heteroatom and a metal may be a structure composed of a carbon material such as a nitrogen-containing or sulfur-containing graphite, graphene, or a carbon tube and a metal atom.
In the schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide of fig. 1 and the schematic cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide of fig. 2, the catholyte chamber of fig. 1 and the catholyte chamber or the anolyte chamber of fig. 2 are included, and the catholyte chamber and the anolyte chamber are used as a place for providing conductive materials for providing conductivity, and may be a space for allowing electrolyte to pass in and out or stay, or may be a solid electrolyte (solid-state electrolyte) to be disposed or filled in between, or may include electrolyte in both solid phase and liquid phase. The catholyte chamber, as well as the anolyte chamber, may have one or more electrolyte input ports and one or more electrolyte output ports, as described above, in aspects that provide for electrolyte ingress and egress and residence. Further, the present invention may include one or more catholyte chambers, and an anolyte chamber, and the catholyte chamber and the anolyte chamber may be isolated by the isolation unit, thereby limiting the separation of the catholyte chamber and the anolyte chamber from each other, preventing direct exchange of materials between the chambers, while allowing the flow of ions to maintain the desired charge neutral balance for operation of the cell.
In the schematic cross-sectional view of the first embodiment of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide shown in fig. 1 and the schematic cross-sectional view of the second embodiment of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide shown in fig. 2, the system for reducing carbon dioxide according to the present invention includes a plurality of same or different electrochemical treatment apparatuses for reducing carbon dioxide, and different electrochemical treatment apparatuses for reducing carbon dioxide refer to the cathode chamber, anode chamber and electrolyte chamber shown in fig. 1 and 2, which may have different aspects. In fig. 1, the anode electrode is disposed on the boundary of the anode chamber space, so that the anode electrode 22 can be close to the isolation unit 30, and the distance between the cathode electrode 12 and the anode electrode 22 is shortened, which is beneficial for the reaction.
And figures 3 and 4 are schematic block partial views of first and second embodiments of a system of the present invention comprising a carbon dioxide reduction electrochemical device, respectively. Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the system of the present invention including an electrochemical device for reducing carbon dioxide may be implemented by serially connecting a plurality of electrochemical devices 2 for reducing carbon dioxide (only two are shown in the figure), and the product outputted from each output port may be used as a feed for the next connected electrochemical device 2 for reducing carbon dioxide. Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the system including the electrochemical devices for reducing carbon dioxide may be implemented by a plurality of electrochemical devices 2 for reducing carbon dioxide (only two are shown in the figure), in which the feed material is fed into the electrochemical devices 2 for reducing carbon dioxide through each input port, and the product or the output material (not shown) outputted from the output ports of the electrochemical devices 2 for reducing carbon dioxide is sent to a subsequent unit (not shown in the figure) for further processing.
Fig. 5 and 6 are schematic block partial views of third and fourth embodiments of a system including an electrochemical device for reducing carbon dioxide according to the present invention, respectively. Referring to fig. 2 and 5, the system of the present invention including an electrochemical device for reducing carbon dioxide may be implemented by serially connecting a plurality of electrochemical devices 4 (only two are shown in the figure) for reducing carbon dioxide, and the product outputted from each output port may be used as a feed for the next connected electrochemical device 2 for reducing carbon dioxide. Referring to fig. 2 and 6, the system including the electrochemical devices for reducing carbon dioxide may be implemented by a plurality of electrochemical devices 4 for reducing carbon dioxide (only two are shown in the figure), in parallel, the feed enters the electrochemical devices 4 for reducing carbon dioxide through each input port, and the product or the output (not shown) outputted from the output port of each electrochemical device 4 for reducing carbon dioxide is sent to a subsequent unit (not shown in the figure) for further processing. In other words, an electrochemical treatment device system for reducing carbon dioxide according to the present invention includes a plurality of electrochemical treatment devices for reducing carbon dioxide connected to each other in series or parallel, or any combination of series and parallel.
In view of the foregoing, an electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide according to the present invention comprises at least a cathode chamber including a cathode gas input port, and a cathode gas output port, wherein a carbon dioxide gas feed is introduced into the cathode chamber through the cathode gas input port, and a mixed gas having a carbon dioxide reduction product is discharged from the cathode chamber through the cathode gas output port; a catholyte chamber allowing passage or residence of a catholyte, wherein a cathode electrode is disposed between the cathode chamber and the catholyte chamber, the cathode electrode reducing a carbon dioxide gas feed to form a mixed liquid having a carbon dioxide reduction product, the catholyte chamber being adjacent the cathode chamber with the cathode electrode; an isolation unit; and an anode chamber separating the anode chamber from the cathode electrolyte chamber, the anode chamber including an anode input port, an anode output port, and an anode electrode, the anode chamber being adjacent to the separator with the anode electrode adjacent to the cathode electrolyte chamber, wherein an anode feed enters the anode chamber from the anode input port to contact the anode electrode, the anode feed is a liquid, and an anode discharge exits the anode chamber from the anode output port.
In addition, the electrochemical treatment device for reducing carbon dioxide at least comprises a cathode chamber, a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the cathode chamber comprises a cathode gas input port and a cathode gas output port, carbon dioxide gas feed enters the cathode chamber from the cathode gas input port, and mixed gas with carbon dioxide reduction products leaves the cathode chamber from the cathode gas output port; a catholyte chamber allowing passage or residence of a catholyte, wherein a cathode electrode is disposed between the cathode chamber and the catholyte chamber, the cathode electrode reducing a carbon dioxide gas feed to form a mixed gas having a carbon dioxide reduction product, the catholyte chamber being adjacent the cathode chamber with the cathode electrode; an isolation unit; an anolyte chamber separating the anolyte chamber and the catholyte chamber with a separation unit, the anolyte chamber having an anolyte input port, and an anolyte output port, wherein an anolyte feed enters the anolyte chamber from the anolyte input port, and an anolyte discharge exits the anolyte chamber from the anolyte output port; and an anode chamber including an anode input port, an anode output port, and an anode electrode disposed between the anode chamber and the anode electrolyte chamber, the anode electrolyte chamber interposed between the isolation unit and the anode electrode, wherein anode feed enters the anode chamber from the anode input port to contact the anode electrode, the anode feed is a gas, and anode discharge exits the anode chamber from the anode output port.
The invention relates to an electrochemical treatment device for reducing carbon dioxide, which uses the electrode configuration mode of the invention, can effectively reduce the distance between electrodes, further reduce the resistance of a reaction tank, achieve the effect of reducing the resistance, and relatively improve the stability and the high current density of the electrodes. In addition, the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide according to the present invention has an industrial advantage in that it can prevent the problem of poor solubility of carbon dioxide in a general catholyte when carbon dioxide is fed as carbon dioxide gas, and can increase the concentration of reactants when the cathode/anode electrode is used as the electrode, and can further increase the reactivity due to the high current density at this time. In addition, the technology has the greatest advantages that the cathode and anode chambers can respectively adopt a gas-liquid Split (Split-flow) mode to directly separate products in different phases, so that the cost for separation can be reduced, and the purity of the products can be improved.
The application of the invention; all such equivalent changes and modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (19)
1. An electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide, comprising at least:
a cathode chamber including a cathode gas input port, and a cathode gas output port, wherein carbon dioxide gas feed enters the cathode chamber through the cathode gas input port, and a mixed gas with carbon dioxide reduction products exits the cathode chamber through the cathode gas output port;
a catholyte chamber allowing a catholyte to pass or stay, wherein the catholyte is disposed between the catholyte chamber and the catholyte chamber, the catholyte reduces the carbon dioxide gas feed to form the mixed liquid with carbon dioxide reduction product, the catholyte chamber is adjacent to the catholyte chamber with a catholyte;
an isolation unit; and
an anode chamber separating the anode chamber and the catholyte chamber, the anode chamber including an anode input port, an anode output port, and an anode electrode, the anode chamber being adjacent to an isolation unit with the anode electrode, the isolation unit being adjacent to the catholyte chamber, wherein an anode feed enters the anode chamber from the anode input port to contact the anode electrode, the anode feed being liquid, and an anode discharge exits the anode chamber from the anode output port.
2. An electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide, comprising at least:
a cathode chamber comprising a cathode gas input port, and a cathode gas output port, wherein carbon dioxide gas feed enters the cathode chamber from the cathode gas input port, and a mixed gas having carbon dioxide reduction products exits the cathode chamber from the cathode gas output port;
a catholyte chamber allowing a catholyte to pass or stay, wherein the catholyte is disposed between the catholyte chamber and the catholyte chamber, the catholyte reduces the carbon dioxide gas feed to form the mixed gas having a carbon dioxide reduction product, the catholyte chamber is adjacent to the catholyte chamber with a catholyte;
an isolation unit;
an anolyte chamber separating the anolyte chamber and the catholyte chamber by the isolation unit, the anolyte chamber having an anolyte input port, and an anolyte output port, wherein an anolyte feed enters the anolyte chamber from the anolyte input port, and an anolyte discharge exits the anolyte chamber from the anolyte output port; and
An anode chamber including an anode input port, an anode output port, and an anode electrode disposed between the anode chamber and the anode electrolyte chamber interposed between the isolation unit and the anode electrode, wherein an anode feed enters the anode chamber from the anode input port to contact the anode electrode, the anode feed is a gas, and an anode discharge exits the anode chamber from the anode output port.
3. The electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the separation unit is selected from the group consisting of a porous ceramic semipermeable membrane, a bipolar membrane, an anionic semipermeable membrane, and a cationic semipermeable membrane.
4. The electrochemical device of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a catalyst disposed on at least one of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode, wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of a metal, a metal compound, an alloy, a heteroatom-containing, a metal-heterocyclic compound-containing carbon compound, and combinations of any two or more of the foregoing.
5. The electrochemical device of claim 4, wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, tin, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, iridium, platinum, gold, aluminum, indium, titanium, lead, bismuth, antimony, tellurium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and combinations thereof.
6. The electrochemical device of claim 4, wherein said metal compound is selected from the group consisting of metal halides, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal sulfides, metal nitrides, and combinations of at least two of the foregoing.
7. The electrochemical device of claim 4, wherein at least one carbon compound of said heteroatom-containing and said metal-containing heterocyclic compound is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen-containing, sulfur-containing graphite, graphene, carbon tubes, and metal atoms.
8. The electrochemical device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixed gas comprising the carbon dioxide reduction product is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ethane, ethylene, and combinations thereof.
9. The electrochemical device of claim 1, wherein the anode feed comprises an anode reactant and an anolyte, wherein the anolyte is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bromide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium bromide, lithium bicarbonate, lithium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydroxide, potassium bromide, potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and aqueous solutions of combinations thereof.
10. The electrochemical device of claim 9, wherein the anode output comprises an anode product and the anolyte, and the anode product is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, chlorine, and combinations thereof.
11. The electrochemical device of claim 2, wherein the anolyte is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bromide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium bromide, lithium bicarbonate, lithium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydroxide, potassium bromide, potassium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and aqueous solutions of combinations thereof.
12. The electrochemical device of claim 2, wherein the anode output is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, chlorine, and combinations thereof.
13. The electrochemical device of claim 2, wherein the anolyte chamber allows for passage of an anolyte therethrough or a solid electrolyte is disposed therein, wherein the anolyte is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bromide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium bromide, lithium bicarbonate, lithium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydroxide, potassium bromide, potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and aqueous solutions of combinations thereof.
14. The electrochemical device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the catholyte is selected from the group consisting of a catholyte, and a solid electrolyte, wherein the catholyte is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, sodium bromide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, lithium hydroxide, lithium bromide, lithium bicarbonate, lithium sulfate, lithium phosphate, lithium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydroxide, potassium bromide, potassium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, and combinations of any two of the foregoing.
15. The electrochemical device of claim 14, wherein said solid electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of polymer solid electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes, organic and inorganic composite solid electrolytes, colloidal electrolytes, and any combinations of two or more of the foregoing.
16. The electrochemical device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cathode electrode is a gas diffusion electrode.
17. The electrochemical device of claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the cathode electrode and the anode electrode is a porous electrode, and a material of the porous electrode comprises at least polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, a conductive composite of polyethylene and a conductor, a conductive polymer, a porous carbon material, and a porous metal material, wherein a metal is modified on a porous material by chemical deposition, physical deposition, electroplating, and electroless plating to form the porous metal material, or the material selected from at least any two of the foregoing groups is used as the porous electrode.
18. The electrochemical device of claim 17, wherein said metal is selected from the group consisting of vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, tin, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, iridium, platinum, gold, aluminum, indium, titanium, lead, bismuth, antimony, tellurium, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and combinations thereof.
19. A system comprising the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of the electrochemical treatment apparatus for reducing carbon dioxide connected to each other in series or parallel or in series and parallel.
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