CN117458597B - Power generation system based on alternating current component - Google Patents
Power generation system based on alternating current component Download PDFInfo
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- CN117458597B CN117458597B CN202311791707.4A CN202311791707A CN117458597B CN 117458597 B CN117458597 B CN 117458597B CN 202311791707 A CN202311791707 A CN 202311791707A CN 117458597 B CN117458597 B CN 117458597B
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 93
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G06Q10/0631—Resource planning, allocation, distributing or scheduling for enterprises or organisations
- G06Q10/06315—Needs-based resource requirements planning or analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
- H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
- H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/004—Generation forecast, e.g. methods or systems for forecasting future energy generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
- H02J2300/26—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power generation system based on an alternating current component, which relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and comprises: the system comprises an alternating current component, an energy storage battery pack, an electric energy distributor, an electric power network and an electric power circuit; the alternating-current component is used as a minimum power generation unit of the distributed power generation system, and integrates the photovoltaic component and the inverter; the energy storage battery pack is used for storing and releasing electric energy and realizing the supply and demand balance of power generation and supply; the electric energy distributor is used for providing distribution, control and protection of electric energy and ensuring that the electric energy is safely and effectively distributed to each electricity utilization unit; and the power network is used for bearing an electric energy network for distributing and transmitting electric energy and transmitting the electric energy to the terminal users by the power station. According to the invention, through building the alternating current component integrating the photovoltaic component, the inverter and other components, the defects of low expansibility, multiple potential safety hazards and the like of the current power generation system are reduced, and the power generation and management efficiency, the intelligent level and the service life of the power generation system are obviously improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a power generation system based on an alternating current component.
Background
Photovoltaic (PV, solar photovoltaic) modules are devices for converting solar energy into electrical energy, also known as solar panels or solar modules. They are key components of solar power generation systems and can be installed on roofs, solar power stations, solar panel farms or other suitable locations. The primary function of the PV assembly is to convert solar radiation into electrical energy for consumption or storage of electricity.
PV assemblies are typically composed of a number of solar cells, which are typically made of silicon-based materials. The solar cell can convert solar energy into direct current electric energy through illumination. The cells are connected together and encapsulated in a protective enclosure to form a PV assembly. In addition, PV assemblies typically have waterproof, dust-proof, and ultraviolet-resistant properties to ensure their stable operation in outdoor environments.
The current component continuously changes along with the voltage and current output by temperature illumination, and the energy cannot be directly used, so that the external inverter is required to convert the energy to provide usable electric energy for users, and the problems in the following aspects are brought:
1. the construction, collocation, installation and debugging are inconvenient, a certain technical foundation is needed for electricians to operate, the construction, installation and debugging are high in cost, the nodes are more, and the like, so that the inconvenience is brought to customers in the aspects of use, maintenance and the like;
2. the existing components are not easy to expand and have potential safety hazards, the components are required to be matched with an external inverter for use, the components are connected in series or in parallel, the voltage of the series connection is up to 1000V or even 1500V, the current of the parallel connection is up to hundreds of amperes, and once failure occurs, the safety risk is very high.
3. The external inverter has more manufacturers, the communication modes and communication protocols between the external inverter are five-in-eight, and the external inverter and the optical storage converter are not easy to form a system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing, it is desirable to provide a power generation system based on an ac module.
The invention provides a power generation system based on an alternating current component, which is characterized by comprising: the system comprises an alternating current component, an energy storage battery pack, an electric energy distributor, an electric power network and an electric power circuit;
the alternating current component is used as a minimum power generation unit of the distributed power generation system, integrates the photovoltaic component and the inverter, outputs alternating current which can be directly used by customers, can output the maximum power of the alternating current component, and maximally utilizes each photovoltaic panel to generate power;
the energy storage battery pack is used for storing and releasing electric energy and realizing the supply and demand balance of power generation and supply;
the electric energy distributor is used for providing distribution, control and protection of electric energy, ensuring that the electric energy is safely and effectively distributed to each electricity utilization unit, and providing circuit protection and monitoring functions;
the power network is used for bearing an electric energy network for distributing and transmitting electric energy, transmitting the electric energy to terminal users by the power station and meeting the load balance in the electric energy supply process;
and the power line is used for providing a transmission carrier for transmitting the electric energy to an electric destination.
Further, the alternating current assembly comprises an area string group, an inverter, an assembly back plate and frame auxiliary materials;
the solar cell panel comprises a solar cell panel, a region string group, a switching device and a control circuit, wherein the region string group is used for providing N region strings, and each region string is connected in series through the switching device so as to accumulate the voltage of the solar cell panel;
the inverter is used for converting direct current generated by the solar cell panel into alternating current, carrying a series connection decoupling mechanism, avoiding a regional hot spot effect caused by shielding phenomenon in the running process of the regional string, and executing dynamic adjustment of working conditions according to illumination meteorological data and short-time predicted power generation;
a module back plate for providing a support structure for the solar panel and the module;
the frame auxiliary material is used for fixing the solar cell panel and the devices in the assembly and providing protection.
Further, the inverter comprises an interface module, a switching and switching-off module, a power inversion module, a power supply module, a detection control module and a communication module;
the interface module is used for providing an internal and external connection interface and realizing electric energy transmission and communication instruction transmission between the inverter and the regional string and between the inverter and the power line;
the switching and switching-off module is used for switching and switching off the regional string and the switch in the inverter by using a series disconnection mechanism according to the control instruction;
the power inversion module is used for inverting the direct current of the solar panel into alternating current;
the power module is used for providing an independent power supply and realizing normal operation;
the detection control module is used for detecting voltage and current signals of each regional string in the regional string group in real time, and carrying out short-time electric energy prediction by combining with illumination meteorological data so as to realize working condition adjustment;
and the communication module is used for carrying out real-time communication interaction with the cloud platform, and acquiring and updating illumination meteorological data of the power generation site, wherein the illumination meteorological data comprise illumination time, temperature and illumination conditions.
Further, the series connection disconnection mechanism indicates that N regional strings are kept in series and run simultaneously in a normal working state, and when a shielding phenomenon exists in a certain regional string, a switch between the regional strings is switched by using regional string disconnection processing, so that a regional string hot spot effect is avoided;
when n=4, the zone string group includes zone string a, zone string B, zone string C, and zone string D, and there is a shielding phenomenon in a certain zone string, and then the zone string disconnection process is used to switch between zone strings, so that the avoiding of zone string hot spot effect includes:
if the area string A has a shielding phenomenon, firstly closing a switch K10, and then opening a switch K11 to remove the area string A from the area string group;
if the area string B has a shielding phenomenon, firstly closing a switch K1, and then opening a switch K11 to remove the area string B from the area string group;
if the area string B and the area string C have shielding phenomena at the same time, the switch K1 is closed, the switch K2 is closed again, the switch K11 and the switch K21 are opened again, and the area string B and the area string C are removed from the area string group at the same time.
Further, the detection control module comprises a region string detection sub-module, an environment detection sub-module, a short-time prediction sub-module and a working condition control sub-module;
the regional string detection submodule is used for detecting voltage and current signals of each regional string in the regional string group and acquiring the performance and the electric energy generation level of the regional string;
the environment detection sub-module is used for acquiring and recording the illumination meteorological data provided by the cloud platform and matching and correlating the historical illumination meteorological data with the actual power generation amount according to a time sequence;
the short-time prediction sub-module is used for calculating the generated energy by utilizing the voltage and current signals, and then outputting short-time predicted generated energy by utilizing a data decomposition and model prediction mode by combining the illumination meteorological data;
and the working condition control sub-module is used for dynamically adjusting and switching the working condition of the inverter according to the short-time predicted power generation amount and the inverter control strategy so as to realize safety control.
Further, the short-time prediction sub-module comprises an electric energy calculation unit, a data decomposition unit, a characteristic input unit, a model prediction unit and a result output unit;
the electric energy calculation unit is used for setting a plurality of equidistant time periods as detection calculation periods and calculating the generated energy in each time period according to the voltage current signals of the regional string;
the data decomposition unit is used for dividing the historical illumination meteorological data and the historical power generation amount data in the first seven days into a plurality of different components by utilizing the fast Fourier transform;
the characteristic input unit is used for subtracting the illumination time period component from the illumination meteorological data of the period to be predicted to obtain the value of the illumination fluctuation component corresponding to each period, and the value is used as a prediction input characteristic;
the model prediction unit is used for constructing an illumination prediction model based on an XGBoost algorithm, establishing an association relation between an illumination sensitive variable and an illumination fluctuation component, inputting a prediction input characteristic into the illumination prediction model, and outputting a predicted illumination sensitive variable in a short period;
and the result output unit is used for adding the predicted illumination sensitive variable, the extrapolated time period variable and the daily period variable to obtain the final short-time predicted power generation amount.
Further, the data decomposition unit comprises a carding subunit, an electric energy decomposition subunit and a weather decomposition subunit;
the carding subunit is used for establishing a generating capacity time sequence and an illumination time sequence according to the historical generating capacity data and the historical illumination meteorological data according to a set period;
the electric energy decomposition subunit is used for carrying out fast Fourier decomposition on the historical generating capacity data of seven days before the time period to be predicted to obtain a time period component, a day period component, an illumination sensitive variable component and a high-frequency noise component, wherein the decomposition expression of the historical generating capacity data is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,P（t) Representing a time series of power generation;a 0 +D（t) Representing a time period component;W（t) Representing a daily period component;L（t) Representing the illumination sensitive variable component;H（t) Representing a high frequency noise component;
and the weather decomposition subunit is used for carrying out fast Fourier decomposition on the illumination weather data in the same period as the historical power generation data to obtain a periodic component and an illumination fluctuation component during illumination.
Further, the working condition control submodule comprises a maximum power point tracking unit, a voltage frequency control unit, a load demand control unit and a charge and discharge control unit;
the maximum power point tracking unit is used for searching an optimal working point of the solar panel according to the illumination meteorological data and the short-time predicted generated energy;
the voltage frequency control unit is used for adjusting output voltage and frequency;
the load demand control unit is used for regulating the output of the inverter according to the supply-demand balance;
and the charge and discharge control unit is used for optimizing and controlling the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage battery pack according to the short-time predicted generated energy.
Further, the energy storage battery pack comprises an energy storage battery module, a management coordination module and a supply and demand balancing module;
the energy storage battery module is used for providing distributed energy storage batteries, and each energy storage battery is provided with a unique identifier and is in communication connection with the management coordination module;
the management coordination module is used for monitoring the running state of the energy storage battery, executing power coordination planning in the power network range by utilizing the lazy principle on the basis of the electric energy supply and demand relationship and load balance, and feeding back a visualized power information report;
and the supply and demand balance module is used for setting a system power balance target which needs to be met by the supply and demand balance of the current power grid system and judging whether the total power generation amount meets the set target.
Further, the management coordination module comprises a state monitoring sub-module, an alternating bidding sub-module, a screening preferred sub-module and a task coordination sub-module;
the state monitoring sub-module is used for detecting the load states of the power grid system and the energy storage battery, and sending an energy storage instruction to the energy storage battery when acquiring an electric energy storage task;
the alternating-current bidding sub-module is used for receiving an energy storage task request fed back by the energy storage batteries, wherein all the energy storage batteries follow a lazy principle, and the lazy principle indicates that if the energy storage batteries are in a hot standby state currently, the energy storage task request is sent, and if the energy storage batteries are not in the hot standby state, the energy storage task request is not sent;
the screening preferred sub-module is used for screening the energy storage batteries in the request list, and selecting the optimal energy storage battery to store electric energy according to the principle of performance priority;
and the task coordination sub-module is used for performing task allocation on the preferred energy storage battery.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the system can be formed by building the alternating current components integrated with the photovoltaic components, the inverter and the like through one bus, installation and debugging of professionals are not needed, a three-phase system can be formed, a single-phase system can be formed, a plurality of alternating current buses can be connected in parallel to a distribution box, and the expansion is easy; meanwhile, the alternating current component directly outputs alternating current, so that the alternating current power generation system is convenient to use, safe and reliable in internal area serial connection, good in weak light power generation and long in power generation time, and therefore the defects of low expansibility, multiple potential safety hazards and the like of the current power generation system are reduced, and the power generation and management efficiency, the intelligent level and the service life of the power generation system are remarkably improved.
2. By carrying a series connection disconnection mechanism, the hot spot effect of the regional strings can be reduced or avoided to the greatest extent by timely detecting and processing the shielding phenomenon, and the high-efficiency power generation of the photovoltaic system is ensured; by dynamically switching and eliminating the affected regional strings, the system can maintain a uniform power generation state, improve the energy utilization efficiency, prolong the service life of components and reduce the power fluctuation of the system, thereby ensuring the stability and the reliability of the system.
3. Through analyzing historical electric energy data and meteorological information, the data are decomposed into different components by using fast Fourier transform, then an illumination prediction model is constructed, the generated energy in a short period of time in the future can be predicted efficiently, the photovoltaic power generation system is facilitated to adapt to fluctuation of illumination conditions better, the power generation efficiency is improved, the electric energy fluctuation is reduced, the service life of equipment is prolonged, and the reliability of the system is ensured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation on the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of an AC component based power generation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an AC component in an AC component-based power generation system in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an energy storage pack in an AC component based power generation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of an AC component in an AC component based power generation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an exemplary diagram of an intra-inverter switching and shutdown module in an ac component-based power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. an ac component; 101. a regional string group; 102. an inverter; 103. a component back plate; 104. a frame auxiliary material; 2. an energy storage battery pack; 201. an energy storage battery module; 202. a management coordination module; 203. a supply-demand balancing module; 3. an electric energy distributor; 4. a power network; 5. and a power line.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, an ac module-based power generation system, the power generation system comprising: an ac module 1, an energy storage battery 2, an electrical energy distributor 3, an electrical power network 4 and an electrical power line 5.
The alternating current component 1 is used as a minimum power generation unit of the distributed power generation system, integrates the photovoltaic component and the inverter, outputs alternating current which can be directly used by customers, can output maximum power of the alternating current component, and maximally utilizes each photovoltaic panel to generate power.
In the description of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the ac module 1 includes a regional string 101, an inverter 102, a module back plate 103, and a frame auxiliary 104.
The regional string group 101 is used for providing N regional strings, and each regional string is connected in series through a switching device, so that the voltages of the solar panels are accumulated.
The regional string set is a key component in a solar panel system for providing a plurality of regional strings, typically an arrangement of cells of a solar panel, each regional string having a plurality of cells connected in series. On solar panels, the cells are typically connected in series, with the positive and negative electrodes connected to each other, and their voltages superimposed. The series of zone strings connects a plurality of such zone strings in series, further increasing the voltage output of the system.
The primary function of the regional string groups is to sum the voltages of each regional string together, resulting in a higher total voltage. This is important to raise the output voltage of the solar panel to a desired level for use with an inverter or other electronic device.
The inverter 102 is configured to convert direct current generated by the solar panel into alternating current, carry on and execute a series disconnection mechanism, avoid a region hot spot effect caused by a shielding phenomenon in an operation process of the region string 101, and perform dynamic adjustment and switching of working conditions according to the illumination meteorological data and short-time predicted power generation.
In the description of the present invention, the inverter 102 includes an interface module, a switching and switching off module, a power inverter module, a power module, a detection control module, and a communication module.
The interface module is used for providing an internal and external connection interface and realizing electric energy transmission and communication instruction transmission between the inverter 101 and the regional string group 101 and between the inverter and the power line 5.
The switching and switching-off module is configured to switch and switch the switches inside the regional string 101 and the inverter 102 by using a series disconnection mechanism according to the control instruction.
In the description of the invention, the series disconnection mechanism indicates that N regional strings are kept in series and run simultaneously in a normal working state, and when a shielding phenomenon exists in a certain regional string, a switch between the regional strings is switched by using regional string disconnection processing, so that the regional string hot spot effect is avoided.
As shown in fig. 5, when n=4, the zone string group 101 includes a zone string a, a zone string B, a zone string C, and a zone string D, and if there is a shielding phenomenon in a certain zone string, the zone string disconnection process is used to switch between zone strings, and avoiding the zone string hot spot effect includes:
if the area string a has a shielding phenomenon, the switch K10 is turned on first, and then the switch K11 is turned off to remove the area string a from the area string group 101.
If the region string B has a shielding phenomenon, the switch K1 is turned on first, and then the switch K11 is turned off to remove the region string B from the region string group 101.
If the region string B and the region string C have shielding phenomena, the switch K1 is closed, the switch K2 is closed, the switch K11 and the switch K21 are opened, and the region string B and the region string C are removed from the region string set 101.
And the power inversion module is used for inverting the direct current of the solar panel into alternating current.
And the power supply module is used for providing an independent power supply and realizing normal operation.
The detection control module is used for detecting voltage and current signals of each area string in the area string group 101 in real time, and carrying out short-time electric energy prediction by combining with illumination meteorological data so as to realize working condition adjustment.
In the description of the present invention, the detection control module includes an area string detection sub-module, an environment detection sub-module, a short-time prediction sub-module, and a working condition control sub-module.
The regional string detection submodule is used for detecting voltage and current signals of each regional string in the regional string group 101 and acquiring performance and electric energy generation level of the regional string.
And the environment detection sub-module is used for acquiring and recording the illumination meteorological data provided by the cloud platform and carrying out matching association on the historical illumination meteorological data and the actual power generation amount according to the time sequence.
And the short-time prediction sub-module is used for calculating the generated energy by utilizing the voltage and current signals, and then outputting the short-time predicted generated energy by utilizing a data decomposition and model prediction mode by combining the illumination meteorological data.
In the description of the present invention, the short-time prediction submodule includes a power calculation unit, a data decomposition unit, a feature input unit, a model prediction unit, and a result output unit.
The electric energy calculation unit is configured to set a plurality of equidistant time periods as detection calculation periods, and calculate the generated energy in each time period according to the voltage and current signals of the regional string 102.
And the data decomposition unit is used for dividing the historical illumination meteorological data and the historical power generation amount data in the first seven days into a plurality of different components by utilizing the fast Fourier transform.
In the description of the present invention, the data decomposition unit includes a carding subunit, an electric energy decomposition subunit, and a weather decomposition subunit.
And the carding subunit is used for establishing a generating capacity time sequence and an illumination time sequence according to the historical generating capacity data and the historical illumination meteorological data according to the set time period.
The electric energy decomposition subunit is used for carrying out fast Fourier decomposition on the historical generating capacity data of seven days before the time period to be predicted to obtain a time period component, a day period component, an illumination sensitive variable component and a high-frequency noise component, wherein the decomposition expression of the historical generating capacity data is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,P（t) The time series of the generated power is represented,a 0 +D（t) The time period component is represented as such,W（t) A component of the period of the day is represented,L（t) Representing the component of the illumination-sensitive variable,H（t) Representing high frequency noise components.
And the weather decomposition subunit is used for carrying out fast Fourier decomposition on the illumination weather data in the same period as the historical power generation data to obtain a periodic component and an illumination fluctuation component during illumination.
The time sequence of the historical generating capacity data is decomposed and reconstructed into a time period component, a daily period component, a low-frequency residual component (illumination sensitive component) and a high-frequency residual component (high-frequency noise component) which have obvious regularity by adopting Fast Fourier transform (Fast FourierTransform, FFT), meanwhile, the illumination meteorological data is decomposed to obtain an illumination time period component and an illumination fluctuation component of meteorological features, so that the relevance between each component of the generating capacity and an illumination meteorological factor component is effectively improved, and the regression precision is ensured; on the basis, a data mining technology is applied, input characteristic quantities of the data are formed into training samples, and an illumination prediction model based on an XGBoost algorithm is constructed.
The characteristic input unit is used for subtracting the illumination time period component from the illumination meteorological data of the period to be predicted to obtain the value of the illumination fluctuation component corresponding to each period, and the value is used as the prediction input characteristic.
The model prediction unit is used for constructing an illumination prediction model based on the XGBoost algorithm, establishing an association relation between the illumination sensitive variable and the illumination fluctuation component, inputting the prediction input characteristics into the illumination prediction model, and outputting the predicted illumination sensitive variable in a short period.
Among them, XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) is a gradient-lifting tree algorithm, which is one of the powerful and popular models in machine learning. It is excellent in classification and regression problems and has been successful in many data science contests and applications. XGBoost is one type of ensemble learning that improves predictive performance by combining multiple decision tree models. These decision trees are generated in an iterative fashion, each attempting to correct errors of the previous tree.
And the result output unit is used for adding the predicted illumination sensitive variable, the extrapolated time period variable and the daily period variable to obtain the final short-time predicted power generation amount.
The working condition control sub-module is used for dynamically adjusting and switching the working condition of the inverter 102 according to the short-time predicted power generation amount and the inverter control strategy, so as to realize safety control.
In the description of the present invention, the working condition control submodule includes a maximum power point tracking unit, a voltage frequency control unit, a load demand control unit and a charge and discharge control unit.
The maximum power point tracking unit is used for searching an optimal working point of the solar panel according to the illumination meteorological data and the short-time predicted power generation amount.
The voltage frequency control unit is used for adjusting the output voltage and frequency.
Specifically, the voltage frequency control unit is responsible for monitoring and adjusting the output voltage and frequency of the system, and ensures that the system and the power network operate in coordination with important components so as to maintain the stability and quality of the power network.
And the load demand control unit is used for adjusting the output of the inverter according to the supply-demand balance.
Specifically, the load demand control unit adjusts the output of the inverter according to the supply-demand balance to satisfy the load demand of the system, ensures that the system can provide enough electric energy to satisfy the power demand of the household or industrial user, and simultaneously avoids the situation of excessive power supply or insufficient power supply.
And the charge and discharge control unit is used for optimizing and controlling the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage battery pack 2 according to the short-time predicted power generation amount.
Specifically, the charge-discharge control unit determines when to store electrical energy in the battery and when to release electrical energy from the battery based on the short-term predicted power generation, which helps balance the energy supply and demand of the system, reduces peak loads, and improves the self-sustaining capacity of the system.
And the communication module is used for carrying out real-time communication interaction with the cloud platform, and acquiring and updating illumination meteorological data of the power generation site, wherein the illumination meteorological data comprise illumination time, temperature and illumination conditions.
The module back plane 103 is used to provide a support structure for the solar panel and module.
The frame auxiliary material 104 is used for fixing the solar panel and the devices in the assembly and providing protection.
And the energy storage battery pack 2 is used for storing and releasing electric energy and realizing the supply and demand balance of power generation and supply.
In the description of the present invention, the energy storage battery pack 2 includes an energy storage battery module 201, a management coordination module 202, and a supply and demand balancing module 203.
The energy storage battery module 201 is configured to provide distributed energy storage batteries, where each energy storage battery has a unique identifier, and establishes a communication connection with the management coordination module 202.
The management coordination module 202 is configured to monitor an operation state of the energy storage battery, perform power coordination planning within the range of the power network 4 by using a lazy principle based on a power supply and demand relationship and load balancing, and feed back a visualized power information report.
In the description of the present invention, the management coordination module 202 includes a status monitoring sub-module, an alternating bid sub-module, a screening preference sub-module, and a task coordination sub-module.
The state monitoring sub-module is used for detecting the load states of the power grid system and the energy storage battery, and sending an energy storage instruction to the energy storage battery when an electric energy storage task is acquired.
And the alternating-current bidding sub-module is used for receiving an energy storage task request fed back by the energy storage batteries, wherein all the energy storage batteries follow a lazy principle, the lazy principle indicates that if the energy storage batteries are currently in a hot standby state, the energy storage task request is sent, and if the energy storage batteries are not in the hot standby state, the energy storage task request is not sent.
And the screening preferred sub-module is used for screening the energy storage batteries in the request list, and selecting the optimal energy storage battery to store electric energy according to the principle of performance priority.
And the task coordination sub-module is used for performing task allocation on the preferred energy storage battery.
The supply-demand balancing module 203 is configured to set a system power balance target that needs to be met by the supply-demand balance of the current power grid system, and determine whether the total power generation amount meets the set target.
The electric energy distributor 3 is used for providing distribution, control and protection of electric energy, ensuring that the electric energy is safely and effectively distributed to each electricity utilization unit, and providing circuit protection and monitoring functions.
The power distributor 3 (Distribution Box) plays a critical role in the photovoltaic power generation system, and the main task is to distribute power effectively and safely while providing circuit protection and monitoring. The following are the main functions and roles of the power distributor:
and (3) electric energy distribution: the power distributor is responsible for distributing the power generated from the solar panels and the inverter to different power units or loads, such as home, industrial equipment, etc. It ensures that the electrical energy is properly distributed as needed.
And (3) circuit protection: the power distributor includes protection devices, such as circuit breakers, fuses, etc., for cutting off power supply when a circuit fails or is overloaded, so as to prevent safety problems such as circuit damage or fire. These protection devices ensure safe operation of the system.
Monitoring function: some advanced power distributors may be equipped with monitoring devices that monitor the state of the circuit and the current load conditions. This helps to monitor the performance of the system in real time, discover problems in time, and take necessary measures to maintain the stability of the system.
Safety: the electric power distributor also takes into consideration electric safety while ensuring electric power distribution. It should meet relevant safety standards and ensure a firm circuit connection, good insulation to prevent electrical shock and other safety risks.
Efficiency is that: the design of the power distributor should minimize the energy loss to ensure that as much power as possible is transferred to the load, improving the overall efficiency of the system.
The power network 4 is used for bearing an electric energy network for distributing and transmitting electric energy, conveying the electric energy to end users by the power station and meeting the load balance in the electric energy supply process.
The power network transmits the electric energy generated by different power stations to each region through equipment such as a power transmission line, a transformer substation and the like so as to meet the electricity demand of the terminal user. The power network distributes the transmitted electrical energy to various electricity units, including residential, industrial, commercial, and the like. Distribution can occur in medium voltage, low voltage or ultra high voltage power grids, according to the requirements of different electricity utilization units, load balance between power supply and electricity utilization needs to be ensured, and distribution of electric energy must be adjusted according to the requirements so as to meet the electricity utilization requirements of different time periods and regions, and overload or insufficient power supply is prevented.
And a power line 5 for providing a transmission carrier for transmitting the electric energy to the electricity destination.
In summary, by means of the technical scheme, through building the alternating-current assembly integrating the photovoltaic assembly, the inverter and other assemblies, the system can be formed through one bus, installation and debugging by professionals are not needed, a three-phase system can be formed, a single-phase system can be formed, and a plurality of alternating-current buses can be connected in parallel to a distribution box, so that the system is easy to expand; meanwhile, the alternating current component directly outputs alternating current, so that the alternating current power generation system is convenient to use, safe and reliable in internal area serial connection, good in weak light power generation and long in power generation time, and therefore the defects of low expansibility, multiple potential safety hazards and the like of the current power generation system are reduced, and the power generation and management efficiency, the intelligent level and the service life of the power generation system are remarkably improved. By carrying a series connection disconnection mechanism, the hot spot effect of the regional strings can be reduced or avoided to the greatest extent by timely detecting and processing the shielding phenomenon, and the high-efficiency power generation of the photovoltaic system is ensured; by dynamically switching and eliminating the affected regional strings, the system can maintain a uniform power generation state, improve the energy utilization efficiency, prolong the service life of components and reduce the power fluctuation of the system, thereby ensuring the stability and the reliability of the system. Through analyzing historical electric energy data and meteorological information, the data are decomposed into different components by using fast Fourier transform, then an illumination prediction model is constructed, the generated energy in a short period of time in the future can be predicted efficiently, the photovoltaic power generation system is facilitated to adapt to fluctuation of illumination conditions better, the power generation efficiency is improved, the electric energy fluctuation is reduced, the service life of equipment is prolonged, and the reliability of the system is ensured.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowcharts of the figures are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not strictly limited in order and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated herein. Moreover, at least some of the steps in the flowcharts of the figures may include a plurality of sub-steps or stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, the order of their execution not necessarily being sequential, but may be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the other steps or stages.
Claims (6)
1. A power generation system based on an ac component, the power generation system comprising: the system comprises an alternating current component, an energy storage battery pack, an electric energy distributor, an electric power network and an electric power circuit;
the alternating current component is used as a minimum power generation unit of the distributed power generation system, integrates the photovoltaic component and the inverter, outputs alternating current which can be directly used by customers, can output the maximum power of the alternating current component, and maximally utilizes each photovoltaic panel to generate power;
the energy storage battery pack is used for storing and releasing electric energy and realizing the supply and demand balance of power generation and supply;
the electric energy distributor is used for providing distribution, control and protection of electric energy, ensuring that the electric energy is safely and effectively distributed to each electricity utilization unit, and providing circuit protection and monitoring functions;
the power network is used for bearing an electric energy network for distributing and transmitting electric energy, transmitting the electric energy to a terminal user by the power station and meeting the load balance in the electric energy supply process;
the power line is used for providing a transmission carrier to transmit electric energy to an electricity destination;
the inverter comprises an interface module, a switching and switching-off module, a power inversion module, a power supply module, a detection control module and a communication module;
the interface module is used for providing an internal and external connection interface and realizing electric energy transmission and communication instruction transmission between the inverter and the regional string group as well as between the power lines;
the switching and switching-off module is used for switching and switching off the switch in the regional string and the inverter by utilizing a series disconnection mechanism according to the control instruction;
the power inversion module is used for inverting the direct current of the solar panel into alternating current;
the power supply module is used for providing an independent power supply and realizing normal operation;
the detection control module is used for detecting voltage and current signals of each regional string in the regional string group in real time, and carrying out short-time electric energy prediction by combining with illumination meteorological data to realize working condition adjustment;
the communication module is used for carrying out real-time communication interaction with the cloud platform to acquire and update illumination meteorological data of a power generation site, wherein the illumination meteorological data comprise illumination time, temperature and illumination conditions;
the detection control module comprises an area string detection sub-module, an environment detection sub-module, a short-time prediction sub-module and a working condition control sub-module;
the regional string detection submodule is used for detecting voltage and current signals of each regional string in the regional string group and acquiring the performance and the electric energy generation level of the regional string;
the environment detection sub-module is used for acquiring and recording the illumination meteorological data provided by the cloud platform and matching and correlating the historical illumination meteorological data with the actual power generation amount according to a time sequence;
the short-time prediction sub-module is used for calculating the generated energy by utilizing the voltage and current signals, and then outputting short-time prediction generated energy by utilizing a data decomposition and model prediction mode by combining the illumination meteorological data;
the working condition control submodule is used for dynamically adjusting and switching the working condition of the inverter according to the short-time predicted generated energy and the inverter control strategy to realize safety control;
the short-time prediction submodule comprises an electric energy calculation unit, a data decomposition unit, a characteristic input unit, a model prediction unit and a result output unit;
the electric energy calculation unit is used for setting a plurality of equidistant time periods as detection calculation periods and calculating the generated energy in each time period according to the voltage and current signals of the regional string;
the data decomposition unit is used for dividing the historical illumination meteorological data and the historical power generation amount data in the first seven days into a plurality of different components by utilizing the fast Fourier transform;
the characteristic input unit is used for subtracting the illumination time period component from the illumination meteorological data of the period to be predicted to obtain the value of the illumination fluctuation component corresponding to each period as a prediction input characteristic;
the model prediction unit is used for constructing an illumination prediction model based on an XGBoost algorithm, establishing an association relation between an illumination sensitive variable and an illumination fluctuation component, inputting the prediction input characteristics into the illumination prediction model, and outputting a predicted illumination sensitive variable in a short period;
the result output unit is used for adding the predicted illumination sensitive variable, the extrapolated time period variable and the daily period variable to obtain final short-time predicted power generation;
the working condition control submodule comprises a maximum power point tracking unit, a voltage frequency control unit, a load demand control unit and a charge and discharge control unit;
the maximum power point tracking unit is used for searching an optimal working point of the solar panel according to the illumination meteorological data and the short-time predicted generated energy;
the voltage frequency control unit is used for adjusting output voltage and frequency;
the load demand control unit is used for regulating the output of the inverter according to the supply-demand balance;
and the charge-discharge control unit is used for optimizing and controlling the charge and discharge strategy of the energy storage battery pack according to the short-time predicted generated energy.
2. The ac module-based power generation system of claim 1, wherein the ac module comprises a regional string, an inverter, a module back plate, and a frame auxiliary;
the solar cell panel comprises a solar cell panel, a switching device, a solar cell panel and a solar cell panel, wherein the regional string group is used for providing N regional strings, and each regional string is connected in series through the switching device so as to accumulate the voltage of the solar cell panel;
the inverter is used for converting direct current generated by the solar cell panel into alternating current, carrying a series connection decoupling mechanism, avoiding a regional hot spot effect caused by shielding phenomenon in the running process of the regional string, and executing dynamic adjustment of working conditions according to illumination meteorological data and short-time predicted power generation amount;
the assembly backboard is used for providing a supporting structure of the solar panel and the assembly;
the frame auxiliary material is used for fixing the solar cell panel and the devices in the assembly and providing protection.
3. The power generation system based on an ac module according to claim 2, wherein said series disconnection mechanism indicates that N of said regional strings are operated while being connected in series in a normal operation state, and if a shielding phenomenon exists in a certain of said regional strings, a switch between said regional strings is switched by using a regional string disconnection process to avoid a regional string hot spot effect;
when n=4, the region string group includes a region string a, a region string B, a region string C, and a region string D, and if a shielding phenomenon exists in a certain region string, the region string disconnection process is used to switch the region strings, so that the avoiding of the region string hot spot effect includes:
if the area string A has a shielding phenomenon, firstly closing a switch K10, and then opening a switch K11 to remove the area string A from the area string group;
if the area string B has a shielding phenomenon, firstly closing a switch K1, and then opening a switch K11 to remove the area string B from the area string group;
if the shielding phenomenon exists between the area string B and the area string C, the switch K1 is closed, the switch K2 is closed, the switch K11 and the switch K21 are opened, and the area string B and the area string C are removed from the area string group.
4. A power generation system based on an ac assembly as claimed in claim 3, wherein the data decomposition unit comprises a carding subunit, an electric energy decomposition subunit and a weather decomposition subunit;
the carding subunit is used for establishing a generating capacity time sequence and an illumination time sequence according to the historical generating capacity data and the historical illumination meteorological data according to a set period;
the electric energy decomposition subunit is configured to perform fast fourier decomposition on historical power generation amount data of seven days before a period to be predicted to obtain a time period component, a day period component, an illumination sensitive variable component and a high-frequency noise component, where a decomposition expression of the historical power generation amount data is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,P（t) Representing a time series of power generation;
a 0 +D（t) Representing a time period component;
W（t) Representing a daily period component;
L（t) Representing the illumination sensitive variable component;
H（t) Representing a high frequency noise component;
and the meteorological decomposition subunit is used for carrying out fast Fourier decomposition on the illumination meteorological data which is contemporaneous with the historical generating capacity data to obtain a periodic component and an illumination fluctuation component during illumination.
5. The power generation system based on an ac module according to claim 3, wherein the energy storage battery pack comprises an energy storage battery module, a management coordination module and a supply and demand balancing module;
the energy storage battery module is used for providing distributed energy storage batteries, and each energy storage battery is provided with a unique identification symbol and is in communication connection with the management coordination module;
the management coordination module is used for monitoring the running state of the energy storage battery, executing power coordination planning in the power network range by using a lazy principle on the basis of the electric energy supply-demand relationship and load balance, and feeding back a visualized power information report;
the supply and demand balance module is used for setting a system power balance target which needs to be met by the supply and demand balance of the current power grid system and judging whether the total power generation amount meets the set target.
6. The power generation system based on the communication component according to claim 5, wherein the management coordination module comprises a state monitoring sub-module, an communication bidding sub-module, a screening preferential sub-module and a task coordination sub-module;
the state monitoring submodule is used for detecting the load states of the power grid system and the energy storage battery, and sending an energy storage instruction to the energy storage battery when an electric energy storage task is acquired;
the alternating-current bidding sub-module is used for receiving an energy storage task request fed back by the energy storage batteries, wherein all the energy storage batteries follow a lazy principle, and the lazy principle indicates that if the energy storage batteries are currently in a hot standby state, the energy storage task request is sent, and if the energy storage batteries are not in the hot standby state, the energy storage task request is not sent;
the screening and optimizing sub-module is used for screening the energy storage batteries in the request list, and selecting the optimal energy storage battery to store electric energy according to the principle of performance priority;
and the task coordination sub-module is used for performing task allocation on the energy storage battery after the selection.
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