CN117452596A - Axial support and positioning system for optical mirror - Google Patents
Axial support and positioning system for optical mirror Download PDFInfo
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- CN117452596A CN117452596A CN202311644032.0A CN202311644032A CN117452596A CN 117452596 A CN117452596 A CN 117452596A CN 202311644032 A CN202311644032 A CN 202311644032A CN 117452596 A CN117452596 A CN 117452596A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010010071 Coma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/18—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors
- G02B7/182—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors
- G02B7/198—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for prisms; for mirrors for mirrors with means for adjusting the mirror relative to its support
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/08—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
- G02B26/0816—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements
- G02B26/0825—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light by means of one or more reflecting elements the reflecting element being a flexible sheet or membrane, e.g. for varying the focus
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Telescopes (AREA)
- Mounting And Adjusting Of Optical Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an axial supporting and positioning system for an optical mirror surface, wherein a plurality of groups of self-balancing axial seesaw supporting mechanisms are arranged between the optical mirror surface and a base frame, the main body of each self-balancing axial seesaw supporting mechanism is a polygonal seesaw, one side of each angular point position of the seesaw is respectively connected with the optical mirror surface through a first hinge, the other side of each angular point position of the seesaw is respectively connected with a force actuator integrated with a force sensor through a second hinge, each force actuator can independently output correction force, and the middle part of the seesaw is connected with the base frame through a third hinge. The invention fully plays the advantages of the seesaw self-balancing mechanism axial support system, and implements complete unloading and rigid body positioning on the mirror surface weight, so that the output force of the force actuator can be completely used for correcting the mirror surface shape or generating the required surface shape, and the mirror surface shape and even the performance of the whole optical system can be actively corrected in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a supporting and positioning device, which is used for axial supporting and positioning of a precise optical reflection mirror surface, and is particularly suitable for the situation that the curvature or the surface shape of the supported mirror surface needs to be maintained or corrected under the condition that the optical mirror surface is passively supported in a ground or space astronomical telescope.
Background
The precise optical mirror surface needs precise and stable support and positioning, for example, in the process of tracking and observing an astronomical telescope, the mirror surface always needs to be turned from the direction pointing to the ground plane to the direction pointing to the zenith, namely, the range of a pitch angle from 0 degree to 90 degrees is always needed to be realized, and in the tracking process, the mirror surface always needs to maintain the required surface shape precision and positioning precision. This requires a good support and positioning of all the mirrors of the astronomical telescope. To solve this problem, the conventional method is that each mirror surface of the telescope adopts a passive supporting structure, and often the axial supporting and the lateral supporting are separately implemented, such as a lever balance weight mechanism (see fig. 1 including a mirror surface 11, a fulcrum 12 or a hinge, a lever 13 and a weight 14) and a seesaw self-balancing mechanism (see fig. 2 including a mirror surface 11, a fulcrum 12 or a hinge, a lever 13, a floating frame 15 and a mirror chamber 16) to realize the precise supporting of the optical mirror surface. Particularly, the self-balancing of the seesaw has the outstanding advantage of self-balancing property, and can simultaneously position the mirror surface by using the rigid body, so that the principle is simple and clear, the structure is compact, and the application is wide.
On the other hand, the shape of the precision optical mirror may have machining residues or the above-mentioned support system may not achieve ideal support, and thus the shape of the mirror needs to be corrected during observation work. Among the particularly easily occurring or to be corrected surface errors are curvature and lower order aberrations such as astigmatism and coma.
Along with the development of automatic control technology, modern precision optical mirrors also widely adopt active support technology, namely, a plurality of force actuators, moment actuators, micro-displacement actuators and sensors are arranged at the bottom of a reflecting mirror body, and under the control of a computer, the pose and the shape of the mirror surface are corrected and controlled in real time, so that the mirror surface is ensured to have required shape accuracy and positioning accuracy all the time in working, such as the tracking and observing process of an astronomical telescope.
The disadvantages of the above-described mirror support are: the system based on the traditional seesaw self-balancing passive support has the advantages of complex structure, high requirement on dimensional accuracy and high requirement on installation and adjustment, and the supported mirror surface is difficult to achieve an ideal surface shape; in addition, supported mirrors often have machining errors, particularly for thinner mirrors, there are often low cost surface errors during machining and during operation, where astigmatism is the most typical and most easily produced surface error for which a self-balancing see-saw mechanism as a passive support is unable to correct the mirror surface errors. On the other hand, the current active supporting mode of the optical mirror needs real-time detection and closed-loop control, the system is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, the weight of the mirror occupies a large part of the dynamic range of the active correcting force of the active supporting mechanism, and the advantages of the self-balancing seesaw are not utilized in the system design.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the traditional common support system of the precise optical mirror surface, and simultaneously take the two aspects of manufacturing cost and process realization performance into consideration, the invention fully combines the advantages of a self-balancing teeterboard structure and an active support technology, provides an innovative support concept and a system structure scheme, can realize precise axial support and rigid body positioning of the optical reflection mirror surface, and can realize precise control and correction of the mirror surface shape.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
an axial supporting and positioning system for an optical mirror surface is characterized in that a plurality of groups of teeterboard self-balancing axial supporting mechanisms are arranged between the optical mirror surface and a base frame, a main body of each teeterboard self-balancing axial supporting mechanism is a polygonal teeterboard, one side of each angular point position of each teeterboard is connected with the optical mirror surface through a first hinge, the other side of each angular point position of each teeterboard is connected with a force actuator integrated with a force sensor through a second hinge, each force actuator can independently output correction force, and the middle part of each teeterboard is connected with the base frame through a third hinge.
Further, the first hinge, the second hinge and the third hinge are elongated elastic rod mechanisms or flexible hinge mechanisms.
Further, the working mode of the system comprises a closed-loop control mode, wherein the closed-loop control mode is that a surface shape detection system detects the surface shape of an optical mirror surface, gives out a surface shape error to be corrected, obtains a correction force to be applied, sends the correction force to a force actuator for execution, and a force sensor detects the output force of the force actuator and compares the output force with a target correction force value to be applied until the control error requirement is met.
Further, the working modes of the system comprise an open loop control mode, wherein the open loop control mode is that a repeatable surface shape error caused by a predictable environment factor is set, a corresponding correction force is set, and a pre-calculated or actually measured correction force is directly applied to the optical mirror surface.
Further, the force actuator need not be disposed directly below the teeterboard first hinge.
Further, a teeter-totter with an apex offset is employed to bias the mounting force actuator.
Further, the teeterboard self-balancing axial support mechanism is used for maintaining or correcting the curvature or surface shape of the supported optical mirror surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an axial support and positioning system for an optical mirror surface, which can realize the axial support and positioning of a mirror body and can simultaneously correct surface shape errors or generate required surface shapes. The invention fully plays the advantages of the seesaw self-balancing mechanism axial support system, and implements complete unloading and rigid body positioning on the mirror surface weight, so that the output force of the force actuators can be completely used for correcting the mirror surface shape or generating the required surface shape, and each force actuator can independently output the correction force. After the mirror support system engineering is completed and built, the mirror surface shape is conveniently corrected according to the axial support condition of the mirror surface, including the lateral support condition of the mirror surface, so that the design requirement and the process requirement of the mirror support system are reduced, and the engineering implementation is facilitated; and the mirror surface shape and even the performance of the whole optical system can be actively corrected in real time according to the influence condition of the actual environment on the mirror surface shape. The invention has the advantages of clear structure principle, symmetrical structure, good feasibility, strong adaptability and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mirror support system based on a lever balance weight mechanism;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mirror axial support system based on a see-saw self-balancing mechanism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the mirror axial active support system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mirror axial active support system without a base frame;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a mirror axial active support system for a bias mounted force actuator;
FIG. 6 is a side view of the mirror axial active support system and positioning system;
FIG. 7 is a 3D view of the mirror axial active support and positioning system without the base frame shown;
FIG. 8 is a 3D view of a mirror axial active support and positioning system.
The marks in the figure: 1-reflecting mirror, 2-mirror surface connection hinge, 21-first elastic rod, 3-triangle teeterboard, 4-force actuator hinge, 41-second elastic rod, 5-force actuator, 6-teeterboard pivot hinge, 61-pivot flexible hinge, 7-base frame, 8-force sensor, 9-surface shape detection system, 10-computer, 11-mirror surface, 12-pivot, 13-lever, 14-weight, 15-floating frame, 16-mirror chamber.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
First, explanation will be given of names to which the present invention relates: the specular surface shape refers to a curved surface shape of a specular reflection surface. For a given geometry of a mirror, its surface shape can be expressed in terms of its surface normal or axial coordinates; the surface shape error is expressed by the amount of normal or axial deformation, i.e., displacement, of the surface of the reflecting surface; rigid body positioning means that the mirror body is limited in corresponding degrees of freedom, such as a self-balancing seesaw type axial support system, and only one translational degree of freedom of the mirror body in the axial direction or the normal direction can be limited, and free deformation of the mirror body is not limited.
The invention provides a scheme for axial support and rigid body positioning of a precise reflector surface based on a force actuator and a self-balancing teeterboard structure. Based on the surface shape precision requirement of the optical design of the reflecting surface of the mirror surface, corresponding supporting points with the optimal number and the optimal distribution and positions of the supporting points are arranged at the back of the mirror surface; then, a self-balancing structure of the teeterboard is configured, and a schematic diagram of the mirror surface axial active supporting system of the invention is shown in fig. 3 and 4. A mirror surface connecting hinge 2 is arranged on the upper side of three corner points of each triangular seesaw 3 (or triangular lever) and is connected with the back surface of the reflector 1, so that the axial support and the positioning of the reflector 1 are realized; a force actuator 5 integrated with a force sensor 8 is arranged at the lower side of the three corner points of each triangular seesaw 3, and the force actuator 5 is connected with a force actuator hinge 4; a teeterboard fulcrum hinge 6 is arranged at the center of the triangular teeterboard 3 and is connected with a base frame 7 of the whole system. All hinges may be elongate elastic rod mechanisms, flexible hinge mechanisms. In this embodiment, 9 axial supporting points are provided for the reflector, and are divided into 3 groups, and are respectively supported by 1 triangular teeterboard to form three groups of teeterboard self-balancing axial supporting systems, and respectively correspondingly provided with 3 force actuator mechanisms to apply axial correction force for actively correcting and controlling the surface shape of the reflector. This constitutes an axially active support and positioning system for the mirror surface. In the present embodiment, a triangular teeter-totter is taken as an example for detailed description, but the teeter-totter in the present invention is not limited to the triangular teeter-totter, and other polygonal teeter-totters can achieve the purpose of the present invention by operating on the same principle as the triangular teeter-totter.
It should be noted that, when implementing this supporting scheme in specific engineering, the force actuator 5 in fig. 4 is not necessarily disposed directly under the mirror surface connection hinge 2 on the triangular teeter-totter 3, and the size and the profile of the triangular teeter-totter 3 can be adjusted according to practical situations and requirements, and referring to fig. 5, a triangular lever/teeter-totter with offset peaks can be used to bias the force actuator 5. This arrangement provides structural convenience, and also because the triangular teeterboard apex is outwardly biased, which corresponds to a longer arm of force acting on the force actuator, thereby reducing the magnitude of force applied to the force actuator for correction of the same profile.
In the preferred embodiment of fig. 6-8, the back of the mirror 1 is provided with a number of elongated first elastic bars 21 in the desired position and equally divided into three rotationally symmetrical areas; the first elastic rod 21 in each area is fixedly connected to the triangular teeterboard 3; a force sensor 8 is connected to the lower side of the triangular teeterboard 3 corresponding to each first elastic rod 21, and the force sensor 8 is connected with a force output end of a force actuator 5 through a slender second elastic rod 41; the force actuator 5 is fixedly connected to the base frame 7. The triangular teeterboard 3 is fixedly connected to the base frame 7 through a fulcrum flexible hinge 61.
The workflow of this embodiment is as follows: the computer 10 collects the mirror surface shape detected by the surface shape detection system 9, calculates the surface shape error, calculates the required correction force, sends the correction force to the force actuator 5 to execute force output, and the force sensor 8 detects the output force of the force actuator 5; the computer 10 collects the force value of the force sensor 8 and compares with the calculated correction force, if the calculated correction force does not reach the requirement, the correction force value is adjusted and sent to the force actuator 5, and the closed loop detection of the force value is continued until the error requirement of the output force of the force actuator 5 is met; the surface shape detection system 9 then re-detects the mirror surface shape and sends it to the computer 10, the computer 10 calculates the correction force and continues to control the output force of the force actuator 6 in a closed loop until the surface shape error meets the requirements.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the plurality of groups of teeterboard self-balancing mechanisms with the optimal distribution and positions of the supporting points realize the axial support and the positioning of the reflecting surface, so that the reflecting surface can realize the surface shape meeting the required precision under ideal conditions. When the mirror surface is influenced by various factors in operation or the theoretical design of the seesaw self-balancing supporting mechanism or other supporting systems deviates from the engineering reality, the surface shape of the reflecting surface has low-order space frequency error; or a mirror surface is required to generate a specific low spatial frequency profile, a force actuator can be arranged to apply a given active correction force to deform the mirror surface, so that the mirror error is corrected, or a desired profile is obtained.
The working mode of the invention is as follows: the working mode of the invention can be divided into two modes of closed loop active control and open loop active control. Closed loop control mode: detecting the surface shape of the reflecting surface by a surface shape real-time detection system, giving a surface shape error to be corrected, obtaining a correction force to be applied, sending the correction force to a force actuator for execution, acquiring the output force of the force actuator in real time by a force sensor integrated with the force actuator, and comparing the output force with a target correction force value to be applied until the control error requirement is met, namely a closed loop correction mode. Open loop control mode: repeatable surface shape errors caused by predictable environmental factors, corresponding correction forces are set, such as mirror surface shape errors caused by gravity changes and ambient temperature changes. During operation of the reflecting surface, the corresponding gravitational field or ambient temperature field causes the reflecting mirror surface shape to be repeatable and linearly stackable, so that the corresponding correction force is repeatable and linearly stackable. Thus, for known gravitational and ambient temperature conditions, a pre-calculated or measured correction force, i.e., an open loop correction mode, may be applied directly to the mirror.
It should be further noted that in actual engineering, due to various surface shape error influencing factors, closed loop correction can be performed multiple times, so that the surface shape error is reduced to be within a required range.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An axial supporting and positioning system for an optical mirror surface is characterized in that a plurality of groups of teeterboard self-balancing axial supporting mechanisms are arranged between the optical mirror surface and a base frame, a main body of each teeterboard self-balancing axial supporting mechanism is a polygonal teeterboard, one side of each angular point position of each teeterboard is connected with the optical mirror surface through a first hinge, the other side of each angular point position of each teeterboard is connected with a force actuator integrated with a force sensor through a second hinge, each force actuator can independently output correction force, and the middle part of each teeterboard is connected with the base frame through a third hinge.
2. An axial support and positioning system for an optical mirror according to claim 1, wherein said first, second and third hinges are elongated elastic rod mechanisms or flexible hinge mechanisms.
3. An axial support and positioning system for an optical mirror according to claim 1, wherein the operating mode of the system comprises a closed loop control mode in which the shape of the optical mirror is detected by a shape detection system, a shape error to be corrected is given, a correction force to be applied is obtained, the correction force is sent to a force actuator for execution, and the force sensor detects the output force of the force actuator and compares the output force with a target correction force value to be applied until a control error requirement is met.
4. An axial support and positioning system for an optical mirror according to claim 1, characterized in that the operating mode of the system comprises an open loop control mode, in which a corresponding correction force is set for repeatable surface shape errors caused by predictable environmental factors, applying a pre-calculated or measured correction force directly to the optical mirror.
5. An axial support and positioning system for an optical mirror according to claim 1, wherein said force actuator does not have to be disposed directly below the teeter-totter first hinge.
6. An axial support and positioning system for an optical mirror according to claim 5, wherein a teeter-totter with an apex offset is employed to offset the mounting force actuator.
7. An axial support and positioning system for an optical mirror according to claim 1, wherein said teeter-totter self-balancing axial support mechanism is used to maintain or correct the curvature or shape of the supported optical mirror.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311644032.0A CN117452596A (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2023-12-04 | Axial support and positioning system for optical mirror |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311644032.0A CN117452596A (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2023-12-04 | Axial support and positioning system for optical mirror |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN117452596A true CN117452596A (en) | 2024-01-26 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311644032.0A Pending CN117452596A (en) | 2023-12-04 | 2023-12-04 | Axial support and positioning system for optical mirror |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117452596A (en) |
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- 2023-12-04 CN CN202311644032.0A patent/CN117452596A/en active Pending
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