CN117451654A - An infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas and its use method - Google Patents
An infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas and its use method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器及其使用方法，包括：安装组件和外壳；安装组件上设有光源和探测器；且光源与探测器均与微处理器电信号连接；探测器上开设有四个通道，四个通道内分别设置有测量水蒸气吸收光谱滤光片、测量甲烷吸收光谱滤光片、测量二氧化硫吸收光谱滤光片和参比吸收光谱滤光片；外壳的扣合于安装组件上，外壳的上端开设有安装孔，安装孔内设置滤网。本发明通过设置四个滤光片可以同时完成三种气体的检测，排除了水蒸气较强吸收性和气体吸收谱有交叠的问题，且有参考光路，更适合在煤矿等具有多种气体的环境中工作，使得测量的准确性更高；且将其放置于外壳中，体积更小，造价更便宜。
The invention provides an infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas and a method of using it, which includes: an installation component and a housing; a light source and a detector are provided on the installation component; and both the light source and the detector are electrically connected to a microprocessor; detection There are four channels on the device, and the four channels are respectively equipped with water vapor absorption spectrum filters, methane absorption spectrum filters, sulfur dioxide absorption spectrum filters and reference absorption spectrum filters; the outer shell It is fastened to the installation component, the upper end of the housing is provided with a mounting hole, and a filter is arranged in the mounting hole. The invention can detect three gases at the same time by setting four filters, eliminating the problem of strong water vapor absorption and overlapping gas absorption spectra. It also has a reference light path and is more suitable for coal mines and other places with a variety of gases. Working in a special environment makes the measurement more accurate; and placing it in the casing makes it smaller and cheaper.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器的技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器及其使用方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of infrared gas sensors for detecting coal mine gases. Specifically, it relates to an infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gases and a method of using the same.
背景技术Background technique
矿井内空气中的有害气体是由煤体及围岩中涌出或在生产过程中产生的。这些气体中，二氧化硫具有强烈腐蚀性，瓦斯具有强烈爆炸性。对煤矿井下而言，最大的危害气体就是瓦斯(主要成分甲烷)气体。Harmful gases in the air in mines are emitted from coal and surrounding rocks or generated during the production process. Among these gases, sulfur dioxide is highly corrosive and gas is highly explosive. For underground coal mines, the most harmful gas is gas (mainly composed of methane).
分析煤矿泄漏主要气体(甲烷和二氧化硫)的红外吸收谱，可以发现二氧化硫最佳检测吸收谱位于7.17-7.58μm，最高峰值0.5；甲烷最佳检测吸收谱位于3.13-3.57μm，最高峰值2.2，同时在6.67-8μm有一个小吸收谱，最高峰值1.0；另外矿井内比较潮湿，含有大量水蒸气，水蒸气同时在5-7.69μm、2.5-2.78μm有吸收谱，最高峰值分别为2.6和2.5。以上数据可以发现甲烷在6.67-8μm的吸收谱(峰值1.0)会影响二氧化硫位于吸收谱7.17-7.58μm(峰值0.5)的检测。水蒸气具有较强的吸收性。如果目标气体中有湿气(湿度高)，则在这些范围内，检测气体会受到较强的干扰影响，即使传感器做了干燥处理，可能也有一部分水蒸气进入到传感器内，水蒸气在5-7.69μm的吸收谱(峰值2.6)会影响二氧化硫位于吸收谱7.17-7.58μm(峰值0.5)的检测。(以上峰值做了归一化处理)。Analyzing the infrared absorption spectra of the main gases leaking from coal mines (methane and sulfur dioxide), it can be found that the best detection absorption spectrum of sulfur dioxide is at 7.17-7.58μm, with the highest peak value of 0.5; the best detection absorption spectrum of methane is at 3.13-3.57μm, with the highest peak value of 2.2. There is a small absorption spectrum at 6.67-8μm, with the highest peak value being 1.0. In addition, the mine is relatively humid and contains a large amount of water vapor. Water vapor also has absorption spectra at 5-7.69μm and 2.5-2.78μm, with the highest peak values being 2.6 and 2.5 respectively. From the above data, it can be found that the absorption spectrum of methane at 6.67-8 μm (peak value 1.0) will affect the detection of sulfur dioxide at the absorption spectrum of 7.17-7.58 μm (peak value 0.5). Water vapor is highly absorbent. If there is moisture in the target gas (high humidity), within these ranges, the detected gas will be affected by strong interference. Even if the sensor is dried, some water vapor may enter the sensor. The water vapor is within 5- The absorption spectrum of 7.69 μm (peak value 2.6) will affect the detection of sulfur dioxide in the absorption spectrum of 7.17-7.58 μm (peak value 0.5). (The above peak values have been normalized).
现有技术大部分采用单气体检测或者是吸收谱没有交叠的双气体检测，无法排除有吸收谱相叠加的气体的干扰，造成误判的情况，还有一些商用的复合型气体检测仪装置是由多个采用不同原理的传感器组合而成，存在体积大、造价高等问题。Most of the existing technologies use single gas detection or dual gas detection with no overlapping absorption spectra, which cannot eliminate the interference of gases with overlapping absorption spectra, resulting in misjudgments. There are also some commercial composite gas detector devices. It is composed of multiple sensors using different principles, and has problems such as large size and high cost.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的是大部分采用单气体检测或者是吸收谱，没有交叠的双气体检测，无法排除有吸收谱相叠加的气体的干扰，造成误判的情况，还有一些商用的复合型气体检测仪装置是由多个采用不同原理的传感器组合而成，体积大，造价高的问题。What this invention wants to solve is that most of them use single gas detection or absorption spectrum. Dual gas detection without overlap cannot eliminate the interference of gases with superimposed absorption spectra, resulting in misjudgment. There are also some commercial composite types. The gas detector device is composed of multiple sensors using different principles. It is large in size and expensive.
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器，包括：In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas, including:
安装组件；所述安装组件内设置有电源组件和微处理器，所述电源组件和所述微处理器电连接；所述安装组件的上端安装有用于发光的光源和用于检测的探测器；且所述光源和所述探测器均与所述微处理器电连接；所述探测器上开设有四个通道，四个所述通道内分别设置有测量水蒸气吸收光谱滤光片、测量甲烷吸收光谱滤光片、测量二氧化硫吸收光谱滤光片和参比吸收光谱滤光片；Installation component; a power supply component and a microprocessor are provided in the installation component, and the power supply component is electrically connected to the microprocessor; a light source for emitting light and a detector for detection are installed on the upper end of the installation component; And the light source and the detector are both electrically connected to the microprocessor; the detector is provided with four channels, and the four channels are respectively provided with water vapor absorption spectrum filters and methane measurement filters. Absorption spectrum filters, measurement sulfur dioxide absorption spectrum filters and reference absorption spectrum filters;
外壳；所述外壳的下端开设有与四个所述通道连通并用于通气的安装腔，所述外壳的下端连接于所述安装组件的上端，所述外壳的上端开设有与所述安装腔相连通的安装孔，所述安装孔内设置有用于滤网。Shell; the lower end of the shell is provided with an installation cavity connected to the four channels and used for ventilation, the lower end of the shell is connected to the upper end of the installation component, and the upper end of the shell is provided with an installation cavity connected to the installation cavity. There is a through installation hole, and a filter screen is provided in the installation hole.
本方案中，通过设置测量水蒸气吸收光谱滤光片、测量甲烷吸收光谱滤光片、测量二氧化硫吸收光谱滤光片和参比吸收光谱滤光片可以同时完成三种气体的检测，排除了水蒸气较强吸收性和气体吸收谱有交叠的问题，且因为设置参比吸收光谱滤光片和安装参比吸收光谱滤光片的参比通道作为参考光路，更适合在煤矿等具有多种气体的环境中工作，使得测量的准确性更高；且将其放置于外壳中，体积更小，造价更便宜。In this solution, the detection of three gases can be completed simultaneously by setting up a filter for measuring water vapor absorption spectrum, a filter for measuring methane absorption spectrum, a filter for measuring sulfur dioxide absorption spectrum and a reference absorption spectrum filter, eliminating the need for water The strong absorption of vapor and the overlap of gas absorption spectra have problems, and because the reference absorption spectrum filter and the reference channel installed with the reference absorption spectrum filter are used as the reference optical path, it is more suitable for coal mines and other places with various Working in a gas environment makes the measurement more accurate; and placing it in a casing makes it smaller and cheaper.
作为优选，所述安装腔内设置有内壳，所述内壳的下端开设有连接腔，所述安装组件的上端设置有若干呈圆周阵列设置的凸台，所述内壳连接于所述凸台上；所述光源及所述探测器设于若干所述凸台的内侧；每相邻的两个所述凸台之间设置有间隙形成进出气口，所述安装腔的内侧壁与所述内壳的外侧壁之间形成有第一气室，所述第一气室通过多个所述进出气口与所述连接腔相连通，待测气体通过所述滤网进入所述第一气室内。Preferably, an inner shell is provided in the installation cavity, a connection cavity is provided at the lower end of the inner shell, and a number of bosses arranged in a circular array are provided at the upper end of the installation assembly, and the inner shell is connected to the boss. The light source and the detector are arranged on the inside of several bosses; a gap is provided between each two adjacent bosses to form an air inlet and outlet, and the inner wall of the installation cavity is in contact with the A first air chamber is formed between the outer walls of the inner shell. The first air chamber is connected to the connecting chamber through a plurality of air inlets and outlets. The gas to be measured enters the first air chamber through the filter screen. .
本方案中，通过设置内壳可以固定光源发射光线到探测器的光程，可以使得测量精度更高；待测气体从滤网进入到第一气室后，再通过进出气口进入到连接腔内等待下一步操作。In this solution, the optical path of the light source emitted to the detector can be fixed by setting the inner shell, which can make the measurement accuracy higher; after the gas to be measured enters the first air chamber from the filter, it then enters the connection cavity through the air inlet and outlet. Wait for the next step.
作为进一步的优选，所述探测器上还设置有用于监控和补偿温度的热敏电阻。As a further preference, the detector is also provided with a thermistor for monitoring and compensating temperature.
本方案中，通过设置热敏电阻作温度监测，进行温度补偿。In this solution, temperature compensation is performed by setting a thermistor for temperature monitoring.
作为进一步的优选，所述安装组件包括气室底板和电路室板，所述气室底板的下端与所述电路室板的上端连接，所述外壳的下端连接于所述气室底板的上端；所述光源及所述探测器均设于所述气室底板上，所述电路室板的上端开设有容置腔，所述微处理器和所述电源组件设于所述容置腔内；所述光源和所述探测器的下端均设置有引脚，所述容置腔内还设置有用于所述光源的引脚插设的第一引脚插槽和用于探测器的引脚插设的第二引脚插槽，所述第一引脚插槽和所述第二引脚插槽均与所述电源组件电连接，以使插设于所述第一引脚插槽和所述第二引脚插槽内的所述光源和所述探测器通电。As a further preference, the installation assembly includes an air chamber bottom plate and a circuit chamber plate, the lower end of the air chamber bottom plate is connected to the upper end of the circuit chamber plate, and the lower end of the housing is connected to the upper end of the air chamber bottom plate; The light source and the detector are both located on the bottom plate of the air chamber, an accommodation cavity is provided at the upper end of the circuit chamber plate, and the microprocessor and the power supply component are located in the accommodation cavity; The lower ends of the light source and the detector are both provided with pins, and the accommodation cavity is also provided with a first pin slot for the pins of the light source and a pin slot for the detector. A second pin slot is provided, and both the first pin slot and the second pin slot are electrically connected to the power component, so that the first pin slot and the second pin slot are inserted into The light source and the detector in the second pin slot are powered on.
本方案中，气室底板用于安装光源和探测器，电路室板用于安装电器元件；第一引脚插槽用于插设光源给光源提供电力，第二引脚插槽用于插设探测器给探测器提供电力；光源需要一个调制信号，光源的引脚插入第一引脚插槽还可用于交变输出；探测器的引脚插入第二引脚插槽还可以进行电压信号的传输。In this solution, the bottom plate of the air chamber is used to install the light source and detector, and the circuit chamber board is used to install electrical components; the first pin slot is used to insert the light source to provide power to the light source, and the second pin slot is used to insert the device. The detector provides power to the detector; the light source requires a modulation signal, and the pin of the light source is inserted into the first pin slot and can also be used for alternating output; the pin of the detector is inserted into the second pin slot and can also be used for voltage signal processing. transmission.
作为进一步的优选，所述容置腔内还设置有信号调理器，所述信号调理器与所述探测器电信号连接。As a further preference, a signal conditioner is further provided in the accommodation cavity, and the signal conditioner is electrically connected to the detector.
本方案中，信号调理器用于放大滤波。In this solution, the signal conditioner is used for amplification and filtering.
作为进一步的优选，所述容置腔内还设置有转换电路器，所述转换电路器分别与所述信号调理器和所述微处理器电连接。As a further preference, a conversion circuit is further provided in the accommodation cavity, and the conversion circuit is electrically connected to the signal conditioner and the microprocessor respectively.
本方案中，转换电路器用于将模拟信号转化为数字信号。In this solution, the conversion circuit is used to convert analog signals into digital signals.
作为进一步的优选，所述测量水蒸气吸收光谱滤光片的中心波长为2.6μm±80nm；所述测量甲烷吸收光谱滤光片中心波长为3.3μm±80nm；所述测量二氧化硫吸收光谱滤光片的中心波长为7.3μm±80nm；所述参比吸收光谱滤光片的中心波长为3.0μm±80nm。As a further preference, the center wavelength of the water vapor absorption spectrum filter is 2.6 μm ± 80 nm; the center wavelength of the methane absorption spectrum filter is 3.3 μm ± 80 nm; the sulfur dioxide absorption spectrum filter is The center wavelength of the reference absorption spectrum filter is 7.3 μm ± 80 nm; the center wavelength of the reference absorption spectrum filter is 3.0 μm ± 80 nm.
一种检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器使用方法，包括权利要求7所述的检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器，还包括以下步骤：A method of using an infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas, including the infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas according to claim 7, and further comprising the following steps:
S1、微处理器驱动光源输出交变信号光；S1. The microprocessor drives the light source to output alternating signal light;
S2、待测气体通过滤网进入到第一气室再通过进出气口进入到连接腔内；S2. The gas to be measured enters the first air chamber through the filter and then enters the connecting cavity through the air inlet and outlet;
S3、特征谱相吻合的气体红外能量被待测气体吸收；S3. The infrared energy of gases with matching characteristic spectra is absorbed by the gas to be measured;
S4、红外光线穿过被测气体，衰减的光强分别进入四个通道内；S4. Infrared light passes through the gas being measured, and the attenuated light intensity enters four channels respectively;
S5、四个通道内设置的测量水蒸气吸收光谱滤光片、测量甲烷吸收光谱滤光片、测量二氧化硫吸收光谱滤光片和参比吸收光谱滤光片对应的对衰减的光强进行滤波处理；S5. The water vapor absorption spectrum filter, the methane absorption spectrum filter, the sulfur dioxide absorption spectrum filter and the reference absorption spectrum filter set in the four channels filter the attenuated light intensity accordingly. ;
S6、探测器输出四个通道的电压；电压信号进入信号调理器进行放大滤波处理；后把经信号调理器放大滤波的模拟信号通过转换电路器转化为数字信号；S6. The detector outputs four channels of voltage; the voltage signal enters the signal conditioner for amplification and filtering processing; and then the analog signal amplified and filtered by the signal conditioner is converted into a digital signal through the conversion circuit;
S7、转化后的数字信号进入微处理器进行计算处理；S7. The converted digital signal enters the microprocessor for calculation and processing;
S8、热敏电阻测出温度，反馈给微处理器，微处理器通过温度补偿算法进行修正；S8. The thermistor measures the temperature and feeds it back to the microprocessor, which corrects it through the temperature compensation algorithm;
S9、同时利用设置参比吸收光谱滤光片的通道将未被气体吸收的光强值反馈给微处理器，其余三个通道被气体吸收后的光强值反馈给微处理器，光强衰减的量以数据的形式再补偿给另外三个检测通道；以防止光强的衰弱使测量数据不准确；S9. At the same time, the channel with the reference absorption spectrum filter is used to feed back the light intensity value that is not absorbed by the gas to the microprocessor. The light intensity value of the remaining three channels after being absorbed by the gas is fed back to the microprocessor. The light intensity attenuates. The amount is compensated in the form of data to the other three detection channels to prevent the weakening of light intensity from making the measurement data inaccurate;
S10、输出三种气体的浓度值。S10. Output the concentration values of the three gases.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器的结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas according to the present invention;
图2为本发明的检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器去除外壳的结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas according to the present invention, with the outer shell removed;
图3是本发明的检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器的剖视示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas according to the present invention;
图4是本发明的检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器的安装组件的结构示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the installation assembly of the infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas according to the present invention;
图5是本发明的检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器的电路室板的结构示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the circuit room board of the infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas according to the present invention;
图6是本发明的检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器的结构原理图。Figure 6 is a structural principle diagram of the infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas according to the present invention.
附图标记说明：1、安装组件；11、气室底板；12、电路室板；121、容置腔；122、第一引脚插槽；123、第二引脚插槽；13、电源组件；14、微处理器；15、安装口；16、光源；17、探测器；18、通道；181、测量水蒸气吸收光谱滤光片；182、测量甲烷吸收光谱滤光片；183、测量二氧化硫吸收光谱滤光片；184、参比吸收光谱滤光片；2、外壳；21、安装腔；22、滤网；3、内壳；31、连接腔；4、凸台；41、进出气口；5、第一气室；6、信号调理器；7、转换电路器；8、光源驱动。Explanation of reference signs: 1. Installation component; 11. Air chamber bottom plate; 12. Circuit chamber board; 121. Accommodation cavity; 122. First pin slot; 123. Second pin slot; 13. Power supply component ; 14. Microprocessor; 15. Installation port; 16. Light source; 17. Detector; 18. Channel; 181. Measurement of water vapor absorption spectrum filter; 182. Measurement of methane absorption spectrum filter; 183. Measurement of sulfur dioxide Absorption spectrum filter; 184. Reference absorption spectrum filter; 2. Shell; 21. Installation cavity; 22. Filter; 3. Inner shell; 31. Connection cavity; 4. Boss; 41. Air inlet and outlet; 5. The first air chamber; 6. Signal conditioner; 7. Conversion circuit; 8. Light source driver.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
本发明的较佳的实施例中，基于现有技术中存在的上述问题，现提供一种检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器，如图1-6所示，包括：In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on the above problems existing in the prior art, an infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas is provided, as shown in Figures 1-6, including:
安装组件1；安装组件1内设置有电源组件13和微处理器14，电源组件13和微处理器14电连接以给微处理器14提供电力；安装组件1的上端安装有用于发光的光源16和用于检测的探测器17；且光源16与探测器17均与微处理器14电连接；探测器17上开设有四个通道18，四个通道18内分别设置有测量水蒸气吸收光谱滤光片181、测量甲烷吸收光谱滤光片182、测量二氧化硫吸收光谱滤光片183和参比吸收光谱滤光片184；Installation component 1; a power supply component 13 and a microprocessor 14 are provided in the installation component 1, and the power supply component 13 and the microprocessor 14 are electrically connected to provide power to the microprocessor 14; a light source 16 for emitting light is installed on the upper end of the installation component 1 and a detector 17 for detection; and the light source 16 and the detector 17 are both electrically connected to the microprocessor 14; the detector 17 is provided with four channels 18, and the four channels 18 are respectively provided with measuring water vapor absorption spectrum filters. Light sheet 181, measuring methane absorption spectrum filter 182, measuring sulfur dioxide absorption spectrum filter 183 and reference absorption spectrum filter 184;
外壳2；外壳2的下端开设有与四个通道18连通并用于通气的安装腔21，外壳2的下端扣合于安装组件1的上端，外壳2的上端开设有与安装腔21相连通的安装孔，安装孔内设置有用于进气或出气的滤网22。Shell 2; the lower end of the shell 2 is provided with an installation cavity 21 connected with the four channels 18 and used for ventilation. The lower end of the shell 2 is buckled with the upper end of the installation component 1. The upper end of the shell 2 is provided with an installation cavity 21 connected with the installation cavity 21. hole, and a filter 22 for air inlet or outlet is provided in the installation hole.
安装组件1包括气室底板11和电路室板12，气室底板11的下端与电路室板12的上端连接，外壳2的下端扣合于气室底板11的上端；光源16及探测器17均设于气室底板11上，电路室板12的上端开设有容置腔121，微处理器14和电源组件13设于容置腔121内；光源16和探测器17的下端均设置有引脚，容置腔121内还设置有用于光源16的引脚插设的第一引脚插槽122和用于探测器17的引脚插设的第二引脚插槽123，第一引脚插槽122和第二引脚插槽123均与电源组件13电连接，以使插设于第一引脚插槽122和第二引脚插槽123内的光源16和探测器17通电。The installation component 1 includes an air chamber bottom plate 11 and a circuit chamber plate 12. The lower end of the air chamber bottom plate 11 is connected to the upper end of the circuit chamber plate 12. The lower end of the housing 2 is fastened to the upper end of the air chamber bottom plate 11; the light source 16 and the detector 17 are both Located on the bottom plate 11 of the air chamber, an accommodation cavity 121 is provided at the upper end of the circuit chamber plate 12. The microprocessor 14 and the power supply component 13 are located in the accommodation cavity 121; the light source 16 and the detector 17 are provided with pins at their lower ends. , the accommodating cavity 121 is also provided with a first pin slot 122 for the pin insertion of the light source 16 and a second pin slot 123 for the pin insertion of the detector 17. The first pin slot 122 is used for the pin insertion of the detector 17. Both the slot 122 and the second pin slot 123 are electrically connected to the power component 13 to energize the light source 16 and the detector 17 inserted in the first pin slot 122 and the second pin slot 123 .
测量水蒸气吸收光谱滤光片的中心波长为2.6μm±80nm；测量甲烷吸收光谱滤光片中心波长为3.3μm±80nm；测量二氧化硫吸收光谱滤光片的中心波长为7.3μm±80nm；参比吸收光谱滤光片184的中心波长为3.0μm±80nm。The center wavelength of the filter for measuring water vapor absorption spectrum is 2.6μm±80nm; the center wavelength of the filter for measuring methane absorption spectrum is 3.3μm±80nm; the center wavelength of the filter for measuring sulfur dioxide absorption spectrum is 7.3μm±80nm; reference The center wavelength of the absorption spectrum filter 184 is 3.0 μm ± 80 nm.
具体的，本实施例中，气室底板11上开设有两个安装口15，安装口15的底壁开设有用于引脚穿设的通孔，两个安装口15内分别连接探测器17和光源16，光源16和探测器17部分凸出于安装口15位于安装腔21内；光源16上设置有红外发射区域，用于发射红外线；电源组件13包括外部接口和数据线，外部接口和数据线与上位机(电脑)进行连接，上位机对红外气体传感器提供电力；通过设置测量水蒸气吸收光谱滤光片181、测量甲烷吸收光谱滤光片182、测量二氧化硫吸收光谱滤光片183和参比吸收光谱滤光片184可以同时完成三种气体的检测，排除了水蒸气较强吸收性和气体吸收谱有交叠的问题，且因为设置参比吸收光谱滤光片184和安装参比吸收光谱滤光片184的参比通道18作为参考光路，更适合在煤矿等具有多种气体的环境中工作，使得测量的准确性更高；且将其放置于外壳2中，体积更小，造价更便宜。Specifically, in this embodiment, two installation openings 15 are provided on the bottom plate 11 of the air chamber. The bottom wall of the installation opening 15 is provided with through holes for pin insertion. The two installation openings 15 are respectively connected to the detector 17 and The light source 16, the light source 16 and the detector 17 partially protrude from the installation opening 15 and are located in the installation cavity 21; the light source 16 is provided with an infrared emission area for emitting infrared rays; the power supply component 13 includes an external interface and a data line, and the external interface and data The host computer (computer) is connected with the host computer (computer), and the host computer provides power to the infrared gas sensor; by setting the water vapor absorption spectrum filter 181, the methane absorption spectrum filter 182, the sulfur dioxide absorption spectrum filter 183 and the parameter The specific absorption spectrum filter 184 can complete the detection of three gases at the same time, eliminating the problem of the strong absorption of water vapor and the overlap of gas absorption spectra, and because of the setting of the reference absorption spectrum filter 184 and the installation of the reference absorption The reference channel 18 of the spectral filter 184 is used as a reference optical path, which is more suitable for working in environments with multiple gases such as coal mines, making the measurement more accurate; and it is placed in the housing 2, which has a smaller volume and lower cost. cheaper.
具体的，本实施例中，气室底板11用于安装光源16和探测器17，电路室板12用于安装电器元件；第一引脚插槽122用于插设光源16给光源16提供电力，第二引脚插槽123用于插设探测器17给探测器17提供电力；光源16需要一个调制信号，光源16的引脚插入第一引脚插槽122还可用于交变输出；探测器17的引脚插入第二引脚插槽123还可以进行电压信号的传输。Specifically, in this embodiment, the air chamber bottom plate 11 is used to install the light source 16 and the detector 17, the circuit chamber board 12 is used to install electrical components; the first pin slot 122 is used to insert the light source 16 to provide power to the light source 16. , the second pin slot 123 is used to insert the detector 17 to provide power to the detector 17; the light source 16 requires a modulation signal, and the pin of the light source 16 inserted into the first pin slot 122 can also be used for alternating output; detection When the pin of the device 17 is inserted into the second pin slot 123, the voltage signal can also be transmitted.
安装腔21内设置有内壳3，内壳3的下端开设有连接腔31，安装组件1的上端设置有若干呈圆周阵列设置的凸台4，内壳3连接于凸台4上；光源16及探测器17设于若干凸台4的内侧；每相邻的两个凸台4之间设置有间隙形成进出气口41，安装腔21的内侧壁与内壳3的外侧壁之间形成有第一气室5，第一气室5通过多个进出气口41与连接腔31相连通，待测气体通过滤网22进入第一气室5内。探测器17上还设置有用于监控和补偿17温度的热敏电阻。The inner shell 3 is provided in the installation cavity 21. The lower end of the inner shell 3 is provided with a connection cavity 31. The upper end of the installation component 1 is provided with a number of bosses 4 arranged in a circular array. The inner shell 3 is connected to the bosses 4; the light source 16 And the detector 17 is arranged on the inside of several bosses 4; a gap is provided between each two adjacent bosses 4 to form an air inlet and outlet 41, and a third gap is formed between the inner wall of the installation cavity 21 and the outer wall of the inner shell 3. An air chamber 5 , the first air chamber 5 is connected with the connecting chamber 31 through a plurality of air inlets and outlets 41 , and the gas to be measured enters the first air chamber 5 through the filter screen 22 . The detector 17 is also provided with a thermistor for monitoring and compensating the temperature of the detector 17 .
具体的，本实施例中，通过设置内壳3可以固定光源发射光线到探测器的光程，可以使得测量精度更高；待测气体从滤网22进入到第一气室5后，再通过进出气口41进入到连接腔31内等待下一步操作。通过设置热敏电阻作温度监测，进行温度补偿。Specifically, in this embodiment, by setting the inner shell 3, the optical path of the light source emitted to the detector can be fixed, which can make the measurement accuracy higher; after the gas to be measured enters the first gas chamber 5 from the filter 22, it passes through The air inlet and outlet 41 enters the connection cavity 31 and waits for the next operation. By setting the thermistor for temperature monitoring, temperature compensation is performed.
容置腔121内还设置有信号调理器6，信号调理器6与探测器17电信号连接。容置腔121内还设置有转换电路器7，转换电路器7分别与信号调理器6和微处理器14电连接。具体的，本实施例中，信号调理器6用于放大滤波。转换电路器7用于将模拟信号转化为数字信号。A signal conditioner 6 is also provided in the accommodation cavity 121 , and the signal conditioner 6 is electrically connected to the detector 17 . A conversion circuit 7 is also provided in the accommodation cavity 121, and the conversion circuit 7 is electrically connected to the signal conditioner 6 and the microprocessor 14 respectively. Specifically, in this embodiment, the signal conditioner 6 is used for amplification and filtering. The conversion circuit 7 is used to convert analog signals into digital signals.
具体的，本实施例中，外壳2和内壳3均采用不锈钢精密加工，内壳3的连接腔31的内壁与外壳2的安装腔21的内壁均呈光路反射面设置，光路反射面是采用超疏水、自清洁涂层工艺技术精密加工的球面镜，有利于发射光线的反射。光源16为MEMS光源16；探测器17为MEMS热电堆，光源16安装在连接腔31左焦点位置；MEMS热电堆安装在连接腔31右焦点位置，各区域之间有绝热隔板。电路室需要实现气体检测电路，温度补偿，以及添加多组重叠气体计算和参比通道18对比计算逻辑。非色散红外气体测量通传感器的红外强度以指数关系递减，此关系称为比尔-朗伯定律I＝I0e-klx；其中，I表示出射光强，表示入射光强，k表示特定气体和滤光片组合的吸收系数，l表示光源16与探测器17之间的等效光学路径长度，x表示气体浓度。通过比尔-朗伯定律测量出气体的浓度。Specifically, in this embodiment, both the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 3 are precision machined from stainless steel. The inner wall of the connection cavity 31 of the inner shell 3 and the inner wall of the installation cavity 21 of the outer shell 2 are arranged as optical path reflective surfaces. The optical path reflective surfaces are made of The spherical mirror precision processed with super-hydrophobic and self-cleaning coating technology is beneficial to the reflection of emitted light. The light source 16 is a MEMS light source 16; the detector 17 is a MEMS thermopile, and the light source 16 is installed at the left focus position of the connection cavity 31; the MEMS thermopile is installed at the right focus position of the connection cavity 31, and there are thermal insulation partitions between each area. The circuit room needs to implement gas detection circuits, temperature compensation, and add multiple sets of overlapping gas calculations and reference channel 18 comparison calculation logic. The infrared intensity of the non-dispersive infrared gas measurement sensor decreases in an exponential relationship. This relationship is called Beer-Lambert's law I = I 0 e -klx ; where I represents the outgoing light intensity, represents the incident light intensity, k represents the specific gas and The absorption coefficient of the filter combination, l represents the equivalent optical path length between the light source 16 and the detector 17, and x represents the gas concentration. The concentration of the gas is measured using Beer-Lambert's law.
具体的，本实施例中，针对煤矿气体吸收谱，选择覆盖气体吸收谱的发光光源16(覆盖2.0μm-8μm)，发光光谱平缓，光源16稳定，不易衰减；根据吸收谱制定相应波长的滤光片，并将这四个滤光片置于MEMS热电堆的四个通道18内，设置参比吸收光谱滤光片184的通道18可以有效的排除外界变量的干扰，使得传感器对于气体的检测具有更高的精度，同时MEMS热电堆设置热敏电阻使其本身具有温度感应，使用过程中可以根据温度进行补偿进一步提高测量精度；根据比尔-朗伯定律，较长的光学路径更适合于低气体浓度，而较短的光学路径更适合于高气体浓度，针对这三类气体进行试验，测试出最佳光程长度，外壳2、电路室板12和气室底板11均呈椭圆形设置，利用椭圆上任意一点p到椭圆两焦点距离恒定的定理，在两焦点分别放置光源16和MEMS热电堆探测器17，这样恒定的光程有利于提高气体检测精度；安装口15的上端安装有进气孔隔板和过滤与干燥装置，各区域之间有绝热隔板；设计四个通道18NDIR气体检测电路，通过气室时待测气体吸收红外光，让特定波长的红外光通过，探测器17将光信号转化为电信号输出，经过信号调理器6进行放大滤波处理将信号放大和部分噪声去除，再由转换电路器7将模拟信号转化为数字信号后进入上位机，通过标定零点和测量点红外光吸收强度的变化；测得四个通道18的气体浓度后，还需在上位机上做处理，根据不同波段的吸收比结合光源16的参比光路吸收谱强度换算，并对二氧化硫气体特征波段作差分，得到二氧化硫气体浓度，这样就得到了包括水蒸气、甲烷和二氧化硫气体在内的气体浓度；根据热敏电阻反馈温度，可以进行温度补偿。Specifically, in this embodiment, for the coal mine gas absorption spectrum, a luminescent light source 16 covering the gas absorption spectrum (covering 2.0 μm-8 μm) is selected. The luminescent spectrum is gentle, the light source 16 is stable, and is not easy to attenuate; a filter of the corresponding wavelength is formulated according to the absorption spectrum. light sheet, and place these four filters in the four channels 18 of the MEMS thermopile. Setting the channels 18 of the reference absorption spectrum filter 184 can effectively eliminate the interference of external variables, so that the sensor can detect gases. It has higher accuracy. At the same time, the MEMS thermopile is equipped with a thermistor to make it temperature sensitive. It can be compensated according to the temperature during use to further improve the measurement accuracy; according to Beer-Lambert's law, a longer optical path is more suitable for low temperature Gas concentration, and shorter optical paths are more suitable for high gas concentrations. Tests were conducted on these three types of gases to find the optimal optical path length. The housing 2, circuit chamber plate 12 and gas chamber bottom plate 11 are all arranged in an elliptical shape, using The theorem that the distance from any point p on the ellipse to the two focal points of the ellipse is constant, the light source 16 and the MEMS thermopile detector 17 are placed at the two focal points respectively. Such a constant optical path is conducive to improving the gas detection accuracy; the upper end of the installation port 15 is equipped with an air inlet Hole partitions and filtering and drying devices, with thermal insulation partitions between each area; four-channel 18 NDIR gas detection circuits are designed. When passing through the gas chamber, the gas to be measured absorbs infrared light and allows infrared light of a specific wavelength to pass through. The detector 17 will The optical signal is converted into an electrical signal for output. The signal conditioner 6 performs amplification and filtering processing to amplify the signal and remove part of the noise. The conversion circuit 7 then converts the analog signal into a digital signal and then enters the host computer. Through the calibration zero point and the infrared measurement point Changes in light absorption intensity; after measuring the gas concentration of the four channels 18, it needs to be processed on the host computer. According to the absorption ratio of different bands combined with the reference optical path absorption spectrum intensity of the light source 16, the intensity conversion is performed, and the characteristic band of the sulfur dioxide gas is calculated. By difference, the sulfur dioxide gas concentration is obtained, so that the gas concentration including water vapor, methane and sulfur dioxide gas is obtained; temperature compensation can be performed according to the thermistor feedback temperature.
具体的，本实施例中，微处理器14驱动红外光源16输出交变的信号；探测器17只对交变的红外光源16有响应，因此需要通过微控制器控制光源16进行交变输出；MEMS热电堆探测器17三个检测通道18和一个参比通道18输出的信号为电压信号，通过放大滤波后经过缓冲器、可编程增益方法器、调制器和滤波器后输出数字信号，然后由微控制器进行计算和处理；首先计算光谱在中心波长3微米处甲烷浓度和中心波长2.6微米处水蒸气的浓度，因为对应两处吸收谱的甲烷浓度和水蒸气浓度与其他煤矿气体不存在光谱重合，可以得出准确的气体浓度数值；二氧化硫的吸收谱在7.3微米处，首先通过吸收谱的吸收比计算甲烷和水蒸气在该波段处的吸收浓度，与该通道18直接测得的气体浓度作差值，就能得到准确的二氧化硫浓度；再做温度补偿和参比通道18光强补偿，最终输出这三种气体的浓度值。Specifically, in this embodiment, the microprocessor 14 drives the infrared light source 16 to output alternating signals; the detector 17 only responds to the alternating infrared light source 16, so the light source 16 needs to be controlled by the microcontroller to perform alternating output; The signals output by the three detection channels 18 and one reference channel 18 of the MEMS thermopile detector 17 are voltage signals, which are amplified and filtered and then output as digital signals after passing through the buffer, programmable gain method, modulator and filter. The microcontroller performs calculation and processing; first calculate the methane concentration at the center wavelength of 3 microns and the water vapor concentration at the center wavelength of 2.6 microns, because the methane concentration and water vapor concentration corresponding to the two absorption spectra do not have spectra with other coal mine gases. By coincidence, the accurate gas concentration value can be obtained; the absorption spectrum of sulfur dioxide is at 7.3 microns. First, the absorption concentration of methane and water vapor in this band is calculated through the absorption ratio of the absorption spectrum, which is consistent with the gas concentration directly measured by channel 18. By making the difference, you can get the accurate sulfur dioxide concentration; then make temperature compensation and reference channel 18 light intensity compensation, and finally output the concentration values of these three gases.
一种检测煤矿气体的红外气体传感器使用方法，包括以下步骤：A method of using an infrared gas sensor for detecting coal mine gas includes the following steps:
S1、微处理器14驱动光源16输出交变信号光；S1. The microprocessor 14 drives the light source 16 to output alternating signal light;
S2、待测气体通过滤网22进入到第一气室5再通过进出气口41进入到连接腔31内；S2. The gas to be measured enters the first air chamber 5 through the filter 22 and then enters the connecting cavity 31 through the air inlet and outlet 41;
S3、特征谱相吻合的气体红外能量被待测气体吸收；S3. The infrared energy of gases with matching characteristic spectra is absorbed by the gas to be measured;
S4、红外光线穿过被测气体，衰减的光强分别进入四个通道18内；S4. Infrared light passes through the gas to be measured, and the attenuated light intensity enters four channels 18 respectively;
S5、四个通道18内设置的测量水蒸气吸收光谱滤光片181、测量甲烷吸收光谱滤光片182、测量二氧化硫吸收光谱滤光片183和参比吸收光谱滤光片184对应的对衰减的光强进行滤波处理；S5. The water vapor absorption spectrum filter 181, the methane absorption spectrum filter 182, the sulfur dioxide absorption spectrum filter 183 and the reference absorption spectrum filter 184 set in the four channels 18 correspond to the attenuation. Light intensity is filtered;
S6、探测器17输出四个通道18的电压；电压信号进入信号调理器6进行放大滤波处理；后把经信号调理器6放大滤波的模拟信号通过转换电路器7转化为数字信号；S6. The detector 17 outputs the voltages of the four channels 18; the voltage signal enters the signal conditioner 6 for amplification and filtering processing; and then the analog signal amplified and filtered by the signal conditioner 6 is converted into a digital signal through the conversion circuit 7;
S7、转化后的数字信号进入微处理器14进行计算处理；S7. The converted digital signal enters the microprocessor 14 for calculation and processing;
S8、热敏电阻测出温度，反馈给微处理器14，微处理器14通过温度补偿算法进行修正；S8. The thermistor measures the temperature and feeds it back to the microprocessor 14, which corrects it through the temperature compensation algorithm;
S9、同时利用设置参比吸收光谱滤光片184的通道18将未被气体吸收的光强值反馈给微处理器14，其余三个通道18被气体吸收后的光强值反馈给微处理器14，光强衰减的量以数据的形式再补偿给另外三个检测通道18；以防止光强的衰弱使测量数据不准确；S9. At the same time, the channel 18 with the reference absorption spectrum filter 184 is used to feed back the light intensity value that is not absorbed by the gas to the microprocessor 14, and the light intensity values of the remaining three channels 18 that are absorbed by the gas are fed back to the microprocessor. 14. The amount of light intensity attenuation is compensated in the form of data to the other three detection channels 18; to prevent the weakening of light intensity from making the measurement data inaccurate;
S10、输出三种气体的浓度值。S10. Output the concentration values of the three gases.
虽然本公开披露如上，但本公开的保护范围并非仅限于此。本领域技术人员，在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的前提下，可进行各种变更与修改，这些变更与修改均将落入本发明的保护范围。Although the present disclosure is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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