CN117447798A - PTFE composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
PTFE composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117447798A CN117447798A CN202311770841.6A CN202311770841A CN117447798A CN 117447798 A CN117447798 A CN 117447798A CN 202311770841 A CN202311770841 A CN 202311770841A CN 117447798 A CN117447798 A CN 117447798A
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- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 55
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- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGFYGJDCQZJOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si].[Si] OGFYGJDCQZJOFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/10—Silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/14—Glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
- C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
- C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of composite materials, and discloses a PTFE composite material, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the PTFE composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of inorganic modified filler and 70-90 parts of PTFE; wherein, the inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-20 parts of chopped fiber, 1-6 parts of nano particles, 0.5-2 parts of silane coupling agent, 1-4 parts of fluorocarbon surfactant and 200 parts of solvent. The PTFE composite material provided by the application has the advantages that when the inorganic modified filler is mixed with PTFE, the inorganic modified filler can provide interface wettability with extremely low surface tension, the interface compatibility between the inorganic modified filler and PTFE is high, the surface binding energy is low, the wear rate of the PTFE composite material is low, the compression strength is high, and the PTFE composite material is suitable for preparing sealing elements.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of composite materials, and mainly relates to a PTFE composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The light durable sealing element is widely applied to the fields of automobiles, machinery, chemical industry, military, aerospace and the like. In the aerospace field, the sealing element and the shaft sleeve are assembled under the severe working condition of high speed and heavy load, and higher requirements are put on the performances of lubricity, durability and the like of materials. The current common materials of the sealing element are fluororubber, silicon rubber, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like, and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) molecules have typical spiral conformation and can form a tightly closed complete 'fluoro protection layer', so that the sealing element has the advantages of outstanding non-tackiness, high and low temperature resistance, weather resistance, acid and alkali resistance, solvent resistance and the like compared with rubber, and the friction coefficient is the lowest in the known solid materials, so that the sealing element is an excellent self-lubricating material, and the PTFE sealing element is widely applied due to various characteristics.
However, PTFE also has drawbacks such as PTFE is subject to creep due to high-speed loading for a long period of time and tight closure of the seal structure, resulting in deformation of the material and failure of the oil seal, and therefore a single self-lubricating seal cannot be supported; PTFE has extremely high abrasion loss and poor mechanical properties, and some abrasion-resistant antifriction substances such as inorganic fillers and organic fillers are required to be added as reinforcing phases to improve the durability of the sealing element. Although the introduction of the reinforcing phase improves the wear resistance and strength of the PTFE composite material to some extent, the F-C chain structure of PTFE has a stable structure, and the intermolecular interaction force and the surface energy are extremely low, so that the surface wettability of the PTFE composite material with other reinforcing phases is poor, the dispersibility is poor and the PTFE composite material is difficult to bond, and therefore, the wear resistance and strength of the PTFE composite material still need to be improved.
Accordingly, the prior art is still in need of improvement and development.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a PTFE composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof, which aims to solve the problem that the wear resistance and strength of the PTFE composite material still need to be improved due to poor compatibility of the existing PTFE with the reinforcing phase.
The technical scheme of the application is as follows:
the PTFE composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-30 parts of inorganic modified filler and 70-90 parts of PTFE;
wherein, the inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-20 parts of chopped fiber, 1-6 parts of nano particles, 0.5-2 parts of silane coupling agent, 1-4 parts of fluorocarbon surfactant and 200 parts of solvent.
According to the PTFE composite material, the inorganic modified filler can provide interface wettability with extremely low surface tension, the interface compatibility between the inorganic modified filler and PTFE is high, the surface bonding energy is low, the inorganic modified filler and PTFE can be well compatible and mixed, and the micro-nano filler in the inorganic modified filler is used for carrying out intermolecular chain binding to strengthen the PTFE, so that the wear surface of the PTFE composite material is uniform and effectively prevented from peeling off in a large area, abrasive particle wear is mainly used, load is cooperatively born under the action of external force, and the mechanical property is improved.
The preparation method of the PTFE composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) Dividing the solvent into a first part of solvent and a second part of solvent, dissolving the silane coupling agent in the first part of solvent, adding the chopped fibers, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a fiber dispersion;
(2) Adding the nano particles into the fiber dispersion liquid, and continuing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a mixed liquid;
(3) Dissolving the fluorocarbon surfactant in the second part of solvent, dropwise adding the fluorocarbon surfactant into the mixed solution while stirring, and mechanically stirring for 2-4h;
(4) And separating out a solid product and drying to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
According to the inorganic modified filler, firstly, chopped fibers are rapidly dispersed into uniform microparticles through ultrasonic equipment with a crushing cavitation function, so that the coating efficiency of a silane coupling agent is improved, then nanoparticles are slowly added into fiber dispersion liquid containing the silane coupling agent to prevent nanoparticle aggregation, the nanoparticles can be well distributed in gaps between the chopped fibers, the stability and activity of the nanoparticles are improved, the dispersion and modification reaction of the micro-nanoparticles are realized, and the silane coupling agent forms a first layer of adsorption on the surfaces of the chopped fibers and the nanoparticles; then adding fluorocarbon surfactant, forming sol/micelle when the fluorocarbon surfactant reaches a certain concentration, re-dispersing filler under stirring, attaching fluorocarbon molecular film, and forming second layer adsorption on the surface of chopped fiber and the surface of nano particle by the fluorocarbon surfactant.
The PTFE composite material is characterized in that the silane coupling agent is one or more than two of vinyl silane, amino silane and methacryloxy silane;
the fluorocarbon surfactant is one or more than two of polyethylene glycol type fluorocarbon surfactant, sulfoxide type fluorocarbon surfactant and polyether type fluorocarbon surfactant;
the chopped fiber is one or two of glass fiber and quartz fiber, the diameter is 8-15 μm, and the length is 40-200 μm;
the nano particles are one or more than two of nano calcium carbonate, nano silicon dioxide and nano titanium dioxide, and the particle size is 30-200 nm;
the PTFE is powder with the particle size of 30-100 mu m.
The PTFE composite material is characterized in that the fluorocarbon surfactant is a polyether fluorocarbon surfactant with a fluorocarbon chain of 4-8.
The PTFE composite material comprises a silane coupling agent and a fluorocarbon surfactant, wherein the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the fluorocarbon surfactant is 1:3.
The PTFE composite, wherein the mass ratio of the chopped fiber to the nanoparticle is (3-6): 1.
the PTFE composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 9.
the PTFE composite material is characterized in that the ultrasonic dispersion in the step (1) and the step (2) is carried out by adopting ultrasonic equipment with a crushing cavitation function;
the ultrasonic dispersion in the step (1) and the step (2) has ultrasonic power of 540W-720W, ultrasonic on time of 1-4s, ultrasonic off time of 2-6s, and ultrasonic on time of 1-2s shorter than ultrasonic off time;
the treatment time of the ultrasonic dispersion in the step (1) and the step (2) is 20-40min;
in the step (3), the stirring speed is 800-1500r/min.
A method of preparing a PTFE composite as described above, comprising the steps of:
weighing inorganic modified filler and PTFE, and stirring in a high-speed mixer for 1-2min to obtain mixed powder;
placing the mixed powder into a mould, and pressing for 15-30min under 80-120MPa to perform; sintering in a sintering furnace at high temperature, wherein the sintering temperature is increased to 350-380 ℃ and the sintering time is 2-4h; taking out after sintering, pressing for 1-5min at 40-60MPa, continuously preserving heat for 2-4h at 350-380 ℃, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
Use of a PTFE composite as described above, wherein the PTFE composite is used for the preparation of a sealing element.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the PTFE composite material provided by the application, when the inorganic modified filler is mixed with PTFE, the inorganic modified filler can provide interface wettability with extremely low surface tension, the interface compatibility between the inorganic modified filler and PTFE is high, the surface binding energy is low, the inorganic modified filler and PTFE can be well compatible and mixed, and the micro-nano particles in the inorganic modified filler are used for carrying out intermolecular binding to strengthen the PTFE, so that the wear surface of the PTFE composite material is uniform and effectively prevented from peeling off in a large area, abrasive particle wear is mainly used, load is cooperatively born under the action of external force, and the mechanical property is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a white light interference pattern of wear scar of PTFE composite of example 1 of the present application.
FIG. 2 is a white light interference pattern of wear scar of PTFE composite of example 2 of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a white light interference pattern of wear scar of PTFE composite of example 3 of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a white light interference pattern of wear scar of the PTFE composite of comparative example 1 of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a white light interference pattern of wear scar of the PTFE composite of comparative example 2 of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a white light interference pattern of wear scar of the PTFE composite of comparative example 3 of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a white light interference pattern of wear scar of the PTFE composite of comparative example 4 of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a white light interference pattern of wear marks of the PTFE composite of comparative example 5 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The application provides a PTFE composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the purposes, the technical scheme and the effects of the application are clearer and clearer, and the application is further described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
Reinforcing phases can be broadly classified as organic polymers, which generally require high thermal decomposition temperatures and have a certain mechanical strength, which are expensive and inevitably subject to creep, and inorganic fillers, which have the advantages of low cost, high chemical stability, imparting special physicochemical properties to the material, etc. Typically, the reinforcing phase is in the form of a direct addition and mechanical agitation of the PTFE. However, since the F-C chain structure of PTFE is stable, intermolecular interaction force and surface energy are extremely low, so that it is poor in surface wettability with other reinforcing phases, poor in dispersibility and difficult to bond.
Compared with the conventional mechanical mixture, the PTFE composite material provided by the application has the advantages that the inorganic modified filler is used as the reinforcing phase, and the inorganic modified filler-PTFE composition with high interface compatibility and low surface binding energy is provided, so that the wear rate of the prepared PTFE composite material is low, and the compression strength is high.
The application provides a PTFE composite material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-30 parts of inorganic modified filler and 70-90 parts of PTFE;
wherein, the inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-20 parts of chopped fiber, 1-6 parts of nano particles, 0.5-2 parts of silane coupling agent, 1-4 parts of fluorocarbon surfactant and 200 parts of solvent.
Wherein, the preparation method of the inorganic modified filler comprises the following steps:
(1) Dividing the solvent into a first part of solvent and a second part of solvent, dissolving a silane coupling agent in the first part of solvent, adding chopped fibers, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20-40min to obtain a fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) Slowly adding the nano particles into the fiber dispersion liquid for multiple times, continuing to ultrasonically disperse for 20-40min, and forming a relatively stable mixed liquid by two fillers with micro-nano dimensions under the ultrasonic cavitation;
(3) Dissolving fluorocarbon surfactant in the second part of solvent, dropwise adding the fluorocarbon surfactant into the mixed solution in the step 2 at the stirring speed of 800-1500r/min, and mechanically stirring for 2-4h;
(4) And separating out a solid product and drying to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
The inorganic modified filler utilizes ultrasonic cavitation effect and modifier to synergistically promote heterogeneous mixing of micro-nano filler. Firstly, rapidly dispersing chopped fibers into uniform microparticles through ultrasonic equipment with a crushing cavitation function, improving the coating efficiency of a silane coupling agent, slowly adding nanoparticles into a fiber dispersion liquid containing the silane coupling agent to prevent nanoparticle aggregation, better distributing the nanoparticles in gaps between the chopped fibers, improving the stability and activity of the nanoparticles, and realizing micro-nanoparticle dispersion and modification reaction, wherein the silane coupling agent forms a first layer of adsorption on the surfaces of the chopped fibers and the nanoparticles; in addition, the aggregation and sedimentation problems of the fillers with two dimensions are reduced due to cavitation, and the fillers are uniformly dispersed in the solvent; then adding a fluorocarbon surfactant, forming sol/micelle when the fluorocarbon surfactant reaches a certain concentration, re-dispersing the filler under the stirring action, attaching a fluorocarbon molecular film, and forming a second layer of adsorption on the surface of the chopped fiber and the surface of the nanoparticle by the fluorocarbon surfactant; the fluorocarbon surfactant modified filler can continue to provide interfacial wettability with very low surface tension after the addition of the PTFE fluorochemical.
In the embodiment of the application, the solvent adopts absolute ethyl alcohol, the absolute ethyl alcohol has lower cost and low toxicity, and the absolute ethyl alcohol is usually prepared into an alcohol solution for long-chain silane with poor stability. Besides ethanol, the solvent can be replaced by methanol and acetone, which are all common organic solvents. Thus, the solvent may be one of absolute ethanol, methanol, acetone.
In the actual preparation process, the solvent is divided into two parts, wherein the first part is used for dissolving the silane coupling agent, the second part is used for dissolving the fluorocarbon surfactant, and the mass ratio of the first part solvent to the second part solvent can be 1:1 for convenience in operation.
Further, the silane coupling agent may be one or more of vinyl silane, amino silane, methacryloxy silane, and the like. The aminosilane is in neutral or alkaline environment, which is favorable for the adsorption of inorganic filler, and the vinyl silane and the methacryloxy silane are not affected by pH, so that the silane coupling agents are selected in alcohol solution or neutral system. In the scheme, after the silane coupling agent is subjected to alcoholysis, the silicon-oxygen bond is sequentially and chemically combined with hydroxyl groups on the surfaces of the chopped fibers and the nanoparticles to form a silicon-oxygen-silicon covalent bond. The chopped fibers and the nanoparticles have size difference and reaction rate difference, so that the silane coupling agent is added first to mix with the chopped fibers to react singly and disperse the chopped fibers with larger particles; the nano particles have high activity, high reaction rate and easy agglomeration, and the subsequent control is carried out by slow addition, so that the reaction degree of the chopped fibers and the nano particles is improved in a stepwise addition mode.
The fluorocarbon surfactant may be one or more of polyethylene glycol type fluorocarbon surfactant, sulfoxide type fluorocarbon surfactant, polyether type fluorocarbon surfactant, etc. The fluorocarbon surfactants are nonionic surfactants, and the nonionic fluorocarbon surfactants are more soluble in water and organic solvents than other types of surfactants, and have better compatibility with other types of surfactants. The fluorocarbon surfactant does not participate in chemical reaction, and the action mechanism is to reduce the surface tension of the system, so that a layer of fluorocarbon type molecular film can be formed on the surfaces of the solution and the inorganic filler. The fluorocarbon surfactant has the effect of reducing the surface tension of the inorganic filler to obtain interfacial wettability for subsequent combination with PTFE, and this low surface tension characteristic can be used when fluorine compounds (PTFE) are added. Preferably, the fluorocarbon surfactant is a polyether fluorocarbon surfactant with 4-8 fluorocarbon chains, and if the fluorocarbon chain is too long, the fluorocarbon group has too strong hydrophobic and oleophobic effects, and the solubility in the solvent can be reduced, so that the use effect is affected.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the fluorocarbon surfactant is 1:3, and when the combination of the mass ratio is adopted, the modification effect on the inorganic filler is optimal, the mixed double-layer adsorption effect is improved, and the fluorocarbon surfactant is promoted to provide lower surface binding energy when the inorganic modified filler is compounded with PTFE in the follow-up process.
The inorganic filler adopted in the inorganic modified filler is a combination of chopped fibers and nano particles, the fibrous filler has the best reinforcing effect on the matrix, and the spherical filler and the nano filler can enhance the fluidity of the fibrous filler and the nano filler in the matrix.
Further, the chopped fiber can be one or two of glass fiber, quartz fiber and the like, the diameter is 8-15 mu m, the length is 40-200 mu m, the chopped fiber with the specification has smaller length-diameter ratio, the PTFE is favorable for compounding, slippage or peeling is not easy to generate, and the density of the PTFE composite material can be improved.
The nano particles can be one or more than two of nano calcium carbonate, nano silicon dioxide, nano titanium dioxide and the like, the particle size is 30-200 nm, if the nano particles are too large, the size effect is not obvious, and when the nano particles are worn, the large wear is easily generated due to the falling of spherical particles.
Preferably, the mass ratio of chopped fibers to nanoparticles is (3-6): 1, the micro nano particles are highly dispersed in the chopped fiber, so that abrasion caused by particle flaking can be reduced when the subsequent inorganic modified filler is combined with PTFE to form a PTFE composite material.
In the preparation method of the inorganic modified filler, ultrasonic equipment with a crushing cavitation function is adopted for ultrasonic dispersion, the ultrasonic power can be 540W-720W, the ultrasonic on time can be 1-4s, and the off time can be 2-6s. Preferably, when the ultrasonic dispersion is carried out, the ultrasonic on time is shorter than the ultrasonic off time, further, the ultrasonic on time can be shorter than the ultrasonic off time by 1-2s, because the system is carried out under the organic solvent with low boiling point, the solvent is easy to volatilize due to ultrasonic overheating, and the modification state is unstable, thus the ultrasonic on time is controlled to be shorter than the ultrasonic off time, the heating problem caused by the operation of the amplitude transformer can be obviously improved, the solvent volatilization is avoided, and the ultrasonic dispersion is always carried out at normal temperature.
Further, PTFE is powder, the particle size of the PTFE can be 30-100 mu m, and the inorganic modified filler can properly slide in PTFE in the high-temperature sintering process, so that the sintering density of the PTFE composite material is increased.
Further, the mass ratio of the inorganic modified filler to PTFE is preferably (1-3): 9, when the solid content of the inorganic modified filler exceeds 30% of the total weight of the PTFE composite material, the inorganic modified filler is easily enriched on a wear surface and easily peeled off in a large area, so that the wear is increased.
In the step (4), the purpose of drying is to remove the redundant solvent, the temperature of drying can be 80-120 ℃, and the treatment time can be 6-8h.
The application also provides a preparation method of the PTFE composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) weighing inorganic modified filler screened by a 100-mesh test screen and PTFE powder screened by a 50-mesh test screen, and placing the inorganic modified filler and the PTFE powder in a high-speed mixer to stir for 1-2min to obtain uniformly refined mixed powder for standby.
(2) Placing the mixed powder into a mould, and pressing for 15-30min under 80-120MPa to perform; then sintering in a sintering furnace at high temperature, wherein the sintering temperature is increased to 350-380 ℃ and the sintering time is 2-4h; taking out after sintering, pressing for 1-5min at 40-60MPa, continuously preserving heat for 2-4h at 350-380 ℃, and then cooling along with a furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
According to the preparation method, when the sintering temperature of PTFE powder is 350-380 ℃, PTFE particles can form a compact porous structure through diffusion and crystallization, the PTFE compactness is improved through short-time pressing, and the porous structure is contracted during further cooling, so that the strength and the wear resistance of the PTFE composite material can be improved. And the inorganic modified filler is high-temperature resistant and has dimensional stability, so that the performance of the PTFE composite material can be further enhanced.
According to the PTFE composite material, when the inorganic modified filler is mixed with PTFE, the inorganic modified filler can provide interface wettability with extremely low surface tension, the interface compatibility between the inorganic modified filler and PTFE is high, the surface binding energy is low, the inorganic modified filler and PTFE can be well compatible and mixed, and the micro-nano filler in the inorganic modified filler is used for carrying out intermolecular chain binding to strengthen the PTFE, so that the wear surface of the PTFE composite material is uniform and effectively prevented from peeling off in a large area, abrasive particle wear is mainly used, load is cooperatively born under the action of external force, and the mechanical property is improved. The PTFE composite material has low wear rate and high compression strength, and the application of the PTFE composite material is also provided, so that the PTFE composite material is used for preparing the sealing element.
The present application is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 provides a PTFE composite material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10 parts of inorganic modified filler and 90 parts of PTFE;
the inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
8.5 parts of chopped fiber, 1.5 parts of nano particles, 0.5 part of silane coupling agent, 1.5 parts of fluorocarbon surfactant and 200 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol.
Wherein, the preparation method of the inorganic modified filler comprises the following steps:
(1) 0.5 part of KH-550 is dissolved in 100 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, 8.5 parts of glass fiber with the diameter of 10 mu m and the length of 50 mu m is added and is dispersed for 40 minutes by ultrasonic wave to form fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) Slowly adding 1.5 parts of nano silicon dioxide with the particle size of 50nm into the fiber dispersion liquid for multiple times, continuing to ultrasonically disperse for 40min, and forming a relatively stable mixed liquid by two fillers with micro-nano dimensions under the ultrasonic cavitation effect;
(3) 1.5 parts of TF-281 surfactant is dissolved in 100 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol, and is dropwise added into the mixed solution at a stirring speed of 1000r/min, and the mixed solution is mechanically stirred for 3 hours;
(4) Separating out the solid product and drying the solid product at 80 ℃ for 7 hours to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
In the preparation process of the inorganic modified filler, the ultrasonic power of ultrasonic dispersion is 630W, the ultrasonic on time is 4s, and the off time is 5s.
Example 1 another aspect provides a method of making a PTFE composite comprising the steps of:
(1) 10 parts of inorganic modified filler screened by a 100-mesh test sieve and 90 parts of PTFE powder with the particle size of 60 mu m screened by a 50-mesh test sieve are weighed and placed in a high-speed mixer to be stirred for 2min, so as to obtain evenly-refined mixed powder for standby.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed powder in a die, pressing for 20min under 100MPa for preforming, then placing in a sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering, heating the sintering temperature to 370 ℃, sintering for 3h, taking out after sintering, pressing for 1min under 50 MPa, continuously preserving heat for 2h at 370 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
Example 2
Example 2 provides a PTFE composite material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15 parts of inorganic modified filler and 85 parts of PTFE;
the inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
12 parts of chopped fiber, 3 parts of nano particles, 1 part of silane coupling agent, 3 parts of fluorocarbon surfactant and 200 parts of acetone.
Wherein, the preparation method of the inorganic modified filler comprises the following steps:
(1) 1 part of KH-570 coupling agent is dissolved in 100 parts of acetone, 12 parts of quartz fiber with the diameter of 12 mu m and the length of 80 mu m is added and is dispersed for 30 minutes by ultrasonic waves to form fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) Slowly adding 3 parts of nano titanium dioxide with the particle size of 100nm into the fiber dispersion liquid for multiple times, continuing to ultrasonically disperse for 40min, and forming a relatively stable mixed liquid by two fillers with micro-nano dimensions under the ultrasonic cavitation effect;
(3) 3 parts of FC-4430 surfactant is dissolved in 100 parts of acetone, and is dropwise added into the mixed solution at the stirring speed of 900 r/min, and the mixed solution is mechanically stirred for 3 hours;
(4) Separating out a solid product and drying the solid product at 120 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
In the preparation process of the inorganic modified filler, the ultrasonic power of ultrasonic dispersion is 720W, the ultrasonic on time is 4s, and the off time is 6s.
Example 2 another aspect provides a method of making a PTFE composite comprising the steps of:
(1) 15 parts of inorganic modified filler screened by a 100-mesh test sieve and 85 parts of PTFE powder with the particle size of 40 mu m screened by a 50-mesh test sieve are weighed and placed in a high-speed mixer to be stirred for 2min, so as to obtain evenly-refined mixed powder for standby.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed powder in a die, pressing for 15min under 110MPa for preforming, then placing in a sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering, heating the sintering temperature to 380 ℃ for 2h, taking out after sintering, pressing for 3min under 40 MPa, continuously preserving heat for 3h at 380 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
Example 3
Example 3 provides a PTFE composite material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20 parts of inorganic modified filler and 80 parts of PTFE;
the inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15 parts of chopped fiber, 5 parts of nano particles, 1 part of silane coupling agent, 1 part of fluorocarbon surfactant and 200 parts of methanol.
Wherein, the preparation method of the inorganic modified filler comprises the following steps:
(1) 1 part of KH-550 coupling agent is dissolved in 100 parts of methanol, 15 parts of glass fiber with the diameter of 10 mu m and the length of 200 mu m are added and are dispersed for 40min by ultrasonic waves to form fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) Slowly adding 5 parts of nano calcium carbonate with the particle size of 200nm into the fiber dispersion liquid for multiple times, continuing to ultrasonically disperse for 20min, and forming a relatively stable mixed liquid by two fillers with micro-nano dimensions under the ultrasonic cavitation effect;
(3) 1 part of TF-281 surfactant is dissolved in 100 parts of methanol, and is dropwise added into the mixed solution at the stirring speed of 1200 r/min, and the mixed solution is mechanically stirred for 2 hours;
(4) Separating out the solid product and drying at 100 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
In the preparation process of the inorganic modified filler, the ultrasonic power of ultrasonic dispersion is 630W, the ultrasonic on time is 4s, and the off time is 3s.
Example 3 another aspect provides a method of making a PTFE composite comprising the steps of:
(1) 20 parts of inorganic modified filler screened by a 100-mesh test sieve and 80 parts of PTFE powder with the particle size of 100 mu m screened by a 50-mesh test sieve are weighed and placed in a high-speed mixer to be stirred for 2min, so as to obtain evenly-refined mixed powder for standby.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed powder in a die, pressing for 30min under 90MPa for preforming, then placing in a sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering, heating the sintering temperature to 360 ℃, sintering for 4h, taking out after sintering, pressing for 5min under 60MPa, continuously preserving heat for 2h at 360 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 provides a PTFE composite material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10 parts of inorganic modified filler and 90 parts of PTFE.
The inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
8.5 parts of chopped fiber, 1.5 parts of nano particles and 200 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol.
Wherein, the preparation method of the inorganic modified filler comprises the following steps:
(1) 200 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol is weighed, 8.5 parts of glass fiber with the diameter of 10 mu m and the length of 50 mu m is added, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 40 minutes to form fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) Slowly adding 1.5 parts of nano silicon dioxide with the particle size of 50nm into the fiber dispersion liquid for multiple times, continuing to ultrasonically disperse for 40min, and forming a relatively stable mixed liquid by two fillers with micro-nano dimensions under the ultrasonic cavitation effect;
(3) Mechanically stirring the mixed solution for 3 hours at the stirring speed of 1000 r/min;
(4) Separating out the solid product and drying the solid product at 80 ℃ for 7 hours to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
In the preparation process of the inorganic modified filler, the ultrasonic power is 630W, the ultrasonic on time is 4s, and the ultrasonic off time is 5s.
Comparative example 1 another aspect provides a method of making a PTFE composite comprising the steps of:
10 parts of inorganic modified filler screened by a 100-mesh test sieve and 90 parts of PTFE powder with the particle size of 60 mu m screened by a 50-mesh test sieve are weighed and placed in a high-speed mixer to be stirred for 2min, so as to obtain evenly-refined mixed powder for standby.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed powder in a die, pressing for 20min under 100MPa for preforming, then placing in a sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering, heating the sintering temperature to 370 ℃, sintering for 3h, taking out after sintering, pressing for 1min under 50 MPa, continuously preserving heat for 2h at 370 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 provides a PTFE composite comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass:
15 parts of inorganic modified filler and 85 parts of PTFE.
The inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
12 parts of chopped fiber, 3 parts of nano particles, 1 part of silane coupling agent, 3 parts of fluorocarbon surfactant and 200 parts of acetone.
Wherein, the preparation method of the inorganic modified filler comprises the following steps:
(1) 1 part of KH-570 coupling agent is dissolved in 100 parts of acetone, 12 parts of quartz fiber with the diameter of 12 mu m and the length of 80 mu m is added, and the mixture is stirred for 30min at the stirring speed of 900 r/min to form fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) Adding 3 parts of nano titanium dioxide with the particle size of 100nm into the fiber dispersion liquid slowly for multiple times, stirring for 30min at the stirring speed of 900 r/min, and forming a mixed liquid by mechanical stirring of two fillers with micro-nano dimensions;
(3) 3 parts of FC-4430 surfactant is dissolved in 100 parts of acetone, and is dropwise added into the mixed solution at the stirring speed of 900 r/min, and the mixed solution is mechanically stirred for 3 hours;
(4) Separating out a solid product and drying the solid product at 120 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
Comparative example 2 another aspect provides a method of making a PTFE composite comprising the steps of:
(1) 15 parts of inorganic modified filler screened by a 100-mesh test sieve and 85 parts of PTFE powder with the particle size of 40 mu m screened by a 50-mesh test sieve are weighed and placed in a high-speed mixer to be stirred for 2min, so as to obtain evenly-refined mixed powder for standby.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed powder in a die, pressing for 15min under 110MPa for preforming, then placing in a sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering, heating the sintering temperature to 380 ℃ for 2h, taking out after sintering, pressing for 3min under 40 MPa, continuously preserving heat for 3h at 380 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 provides a PTFE composite comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass:
20 parts of inorganic modified filler and 80 parts of PTFE.
The inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15 parts of chopped fiber, 5 parts of nano particles, 2 parts of silane coupling agent and 200 parts of methanol.
Wherein, the preparation method of the inorganic modified filler comprises the following steps:
(1) 2 parts of KH-550 coupling agent is dissolved in 200 parts of methanol, 15 parts of glass fiber with the diameter of 10 mu m and the length of 200 mu m are added and are dispersed for 40min by ultrasonic waves to form fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) Slowly adding 5 parts of nano calcium carbonate with the particle size of 200nm into the fiber dispersion liquid for multiple times, continuing to ultrasonically disperse for 20min, and forming a relatively stable mixed liquid by two fillers with micro-nano dimensions under the ultrasonic cavitation effect;
(3) Mechanically stirring the mixed solution for 4 hours at the stirring speed of 1200 r/min;
(4) Separating out the solid product and drying at 100 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
In the preparation process of the inorganic modified filler, the ultrasonic power is 630W, the ultrasonic on time is 3s, and the off time is 6s.
Comparative example 3 another aspect provides a method of making a PTFE composite comprising the steps of:
(1) 20 parts of inorganic modified filler screened by a 100-mesh test sieve and 80 parts of PTFE powder with the particle size of 100 mu m screened by a 50-mesh test sieve are weighed and placed in a high-speed mixer to be stirred for 2min, so as to obtain evenly-refined mixed powder for standby.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed powder in a die, pressing for 30min under 90MPa for preforming, then placing in a sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering, heating the sintering temperature to 360 ℃, sintering for 4h, taking out after sintering, pressing for 5min under 60MPa, continuously preserving heat for 2h at 360 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 provides a PTFE composite comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
35 parts of inorganic modified filler and 65 parts of PTFE.
The inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
28 parts of chopped fiber, 7 parts of nano particles, 1 part of silane coupling agent, 3 parts of fluorocarbon surfactant and 200 parts of acetone.
Wherein, the preparation method of the inorganic modified filler comprises the following steps:
(1) 1 part of KH-570 coupling agent is dissolved in 100 parts of acetone, 28 parts of quartz fiber with the diameter of 12 mu m and the length of 200 mu m is added and is dispersed for 30 minutes by ultrasonic waves to form fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) Slowly adding 7 parts of nano titanium dioxide with the particle size of 100nm into the fiber dispersion liquid for multiple times, continuing to ultrasonically disperse for 30min, and forming a relatively stable mixed liquid by two fillers with micro-nano dimensions under the ultrasonic cavitation effect;
(3) 3 parts of FC-4430 surfactant is dissolved in 100 parts of acetone, and is dropwise added into the mixed solution at the stirring speed of 900 r/min, and the mixed solution is mechanically stirred for 3 hours;
(4) Separating out a solid product and drying the solid product at 120 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
In the preparation process of the inorganic modified filler, the ultrasonic power is 720W, the ultrasonic on time is 4s, and the ultrasonic off time is 6s.
Comparative example 4 another aspect provides a method of making a PTFE composite comprising the steps of:
35 parts of inorganic modified filler screened by a 100-mesh test sieve and 65 parts of PTFE powder with the particle size of 40 mu m screened by a 50-mesh test sieve are weighed and placed in a high-speed mixer to be stirred for 2min, so as to obtain evenly-refined mixed powder for standby.
And (3) placing the mixed powder in a die, pressing for 15min under 110MPa for preforming, then placing in a sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering, heating the sintering temperature to 380 ℃ for 2h, taking out after sintering, pressing for 3min under 40 MPa, continuously preserving heat for 3h at 380 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
Comparative example 5
Comparative example 5 provides a PTFE composite comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20 parts of inorganic modified filler and 80 parts of PTFE.
The inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15 parts of chopped fiber, 5 parts of nano particles, 2 parts of fluorocarbon surfactant and 200 parts of methanol.
Wherein, the preparation method of the inorganic modified filler comprises the following steps:
(1) 2 parts of TF-281 surfactant is dissolved in 200 parts of methanol, 15 parts of glass fiber with the diameter of 10 mu m and the length of 200 mu m are added and are dispersed for 40min by ultrasonic, so as to form fiber dispersion liquid;
(2) Slowly adding 5 parts of nano calcium carbonate with the particle size of 200nm into the fiber dispersion liquid for multiple times, continuing to ultrasonically disperse for 20min, and forming a relatively stable mixed liquid by two fillers with micro-nano dimensions under the ultrasonic cavitation effect;
(3) Mechanically stirring the mixed solution for 4 hours at the stirring speed of 1200 r/min;
(4) Separating out the solid product and drying at 100 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
In the preparation process of the inorganic modified filler, the ultrasonic power is 630W, the ultrasonic on time is 3s, and the off time is 6s.
Comparative example 5 another aspect provides a method of making a PTFE composite comprising the steps of:
(1) 20 parts of inorganic modified filler screened by a 100-mesh test sieve and 80 parts of PTFE powder with the particle size of 100 mu m screened by a 50-mesh test sieve are weighed and placed in a high-speed mixer to be stirred for 2min, so as to obtain evenly-refined mixed powder for standby.
(2) And (3) placing the mixed powder in a die, pressing for 30min under 90MPa for preforming, then placing in a sintering furnace for high-temperature sintering, heating the sintering temperature to 360 ℃, sintering for 4h, taking out after sintering, pressing for 5min under 60MPa, continuously preserving heat for 2h at 360 ℃, and then cooling along with the furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
The PTFE composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to performance test, the PTFE composite materials were subjected to steel ball grinding by a friction tester, and the compressive strength at 30% deformation was tested by plastic material characteristics, so that the wear resistance and mechanical properties of the PTFE composite materials were judged, and the measured data are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 4 | Comparative example 5 | |
| Depth of wear/(μm) | 19.27 | 19.77 | 20.69 | 24.55 | 25.27 | 23.05 | 26.42 | 24.12 |
| Wear rate of 10 -5 /(mm 3 /N.m) | 6.56 | 7.62 | 9.43 | 14.52 | 15.86 | 13.21 | 16.42 | 13.98 |
| 30% deformation, compression strength/(MPa) | 45.83 | 42.54 | 43.78 | 36.21 | 35.03 | 37.33 | 36.54 | 36.19 |
FIGS. 1 to 8 are white light interferometry images of grinding marks after the steel balls are subjected to the opposite grinding by the friction tester in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5, respectively, wherein the darker the grinding marks in the middle are, the darker the grinding marks are, and the uniformity of the filler can be reflected by the grinding marks.
The results show that comparative example 1 has poor doping effect between fillers and is more worn when the fillers are modified by using only ethanol as a solvent in comparative example 1 as compared with example 1; comparative example 2 compared with example 2, comparative example 2 was not subjected to ultrasonic dispersion treatment, and the filler size was large, the abrasion interface was significantly separated and the abrasion surface was uneven; comparative example 3 compared to example 3, comparative example 3 did not use a fluorocarbon surfactant, the filler was poorly compatible with subsequent PTFE, and although the degree of wear was improved to some extent, the worn interface produced a large amount of furrows; comparative example 4 in comparison with example 2, comparative example 4 uses an excess of filler, and the wear surface filler is enriched and flaked off under external forces. Comparative example 5 in comparison with example 3, comparative example 5 does not use a silane coupling agent, and the wear surface is wide and deep at the deepest grinding mark and has poor mechanical properties.
As is evident from examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-5 above, when PTFE is directly compounded with unmodified or single condition modified filler, the PTFE composite material will flake off directly or continuously embed into the counter-grind along the wear surface under the action of external force, resulting in deeper wear surface or obvious furrows, and mechanical propertiesCan be poor. As can be seen from examples 1 to 3, in which the wear surface was uniform and prevented from peeling off over a large area, the wear mark was mainly due to abrasion of the abrasive grains, and the wear rate was reduced to 10 -5 The magnitude order can improve the bearing load and the compression strength of the PTFE composite material under the filling of two fillers with micro-nano scale.
It will be understood that the application of the present application is not limited to the examples described above, but that modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the above description, all of which are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The PTFE composite material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-30 parts of inorganic modified filler and 70-90 parts of PTFE;
wherein, the inorganic modified filler comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
5-20 parts of chopped fiber, 1-6 parts of nano particles, 0.5-2 parts of silane coupling agent, 1-4 parts of fluorocarbon surfactant and 200 parts of solvent.
2. The PTFE composite according to claim 1, characterized in that the method for preparing the inorganic modified filler comprises the following steps:
(1) Dividing the solvent into a first part of solvent and a second part of solvent, dissolving the silane coupling agent in the first part of solvent, adding the chopped fibers, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a fiber dispersion;
(2) Adding the nano particles into the fiber dispersion liquid, and continuing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a mixed liquid;
(3) Dissolving the fluorocarbon surfactant in the second part of solvent, dropwise adding the fluorocarbon surfactant into the mixed solution while stirring, and mechanically stirring for 2-4h;
(4) And separating out a solid product and drying to obtain the inorganic modified filler.
3. The PTFE composite of claim 1, wherein the silane coupling agent is one or more of vinyl silane, amino silane, methacryloxy silane;
the fluorocarbon surfactant is one or more than two of polyethylene glycol type fluorocarbon surfactant, sulfoxide type fluorocarbon surfactant and polyether type fluorocarbon surfactant;
the chopped fiber is one or two of glass fiber and quartz fiber, the diameter is 8-15 μm, and the length is 40-200 μm;
the nano particles are one or more than two of nano calcium carbonate, nano silicon dioxide and nano titanium dioxide, and the particle size is 30-200 nm;
the PTFE is powder with the particle size of 30-100 mu m.
4. The PTFE composite according to claim 1, wherein the fluorocarbon surfactant is a polyether fluorocarbon surfactant having a fluorocarbon chain of 4-8.
5. The PTFE composite according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the silane coupling agent to the fluorocarbon surfactant is 1:3.
6. The PTFE composite according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the chopped fibers to the nanoparticles is (3-6): 1.
7. the PTFE composite according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the inorganic modified filler to the PTFE is (1-3): 9.
8. the PTFE composite according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic dispersion in step (1) and step (2) is ultrasonic dispersion using an ultrasonic apparatus having a crushing cavitation function;
the ultrasonic dispersion in the step (1) and the step (2) has ultrasonic power of 540W-720W, ultrasonic on time of 1-4s, ultrasonic off time of 2-6s, and ultrasonic on time of 1-2s shorter than ultrasonic off time;
the treatment time of the ultrasonic dispersion in the step (1) and the step (2) is 20-40min;
in the step (3), the stirring speed is 800-1500r/min.
9. A method for preparing a PTFE composite according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
weighing inorganic modified filler and PTFE, and stirring in a high-speed mixer for 1-2min to obtain mixed powder;
placing the mixed powder into a mould, and pressing for 15-30min under 80-120MPa to perform; sintering in a sintering furnace at high temperature, wherein the sintering temperature is increased to 350-380 ℃ and the sintering time is 2-4h; taking out after sintering, pressing for 1-5min at 40-60MPa, continuously preserving heat for 2-4h at 350-380 ℃, and cooling along with a furnace to obtain the PTFE composite material.
10. Use of a PTFE composite according to any of claims 1 to 8 for the preparation of a sealing element.
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