CN117431151A - Multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking and cooperative technology thereof - Google Patents
Multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking and cooperative technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117431151A CN117431151A CN202311396011.1A CN202311396011A CN117431151A CN 117431151 A CN117431151 A CN 117431151A CN 202311396011 A CN202311396011 A CN 202311396011A CN 117431151 A CN117431151 A CN 117431151A
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008397 Ganoderma lucidum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001637 Ganoderma lucidum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000021121 meiosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011278 mitosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/20—Heating; Cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
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- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/06—Lysis of microorganisms
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Abstract
The invention provides a multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking, which comprises lifting frames and a transfer bin, wherein the transfer bin is slidably arranged between the two lifting frames; the device comprises a first conveying bin, a first double roller, a second double roller, a third double roller and a discharging bin, wherein the tail part of the first conveying bin is connected with the outlet end of the transferring bin, the first double roller is arranged below the front part of the first conveying bin, the second double roller is arranged below the first double roller, the third double roller is arranged below the second double roller, the discharging bin is arranged below the third double roller, and the discharging end of the discharging bin extends to a position between two lifting frames; the spray pipes are arranged on the spray pipes, and a plurality of spray pipes are respectively arranged on the upper parts of the first double rollers, the second double rollers and the third double rollers. The invention can effectively improve the wall breaking rate of the spore powder while protecting the activity of the spore powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spore powder wall breaking, in particular to a multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking and a cooperative process thereof.
Background
Spores (spor) are germ cells that can develop directly or indirectly into a new individual after being isolated from a parent. It is the product of mitosis or meiosis; most are haploids and the few are diploids. Spores are typically single-celled, and may also be multicellular propagules. Due to its different properties, differences in process and structure occur, resulting in the diversity of spores. They are rich in active substances of various kinds and are widely applied to the industries of medicines, foods, cosmetics and the like. However, since the spore coat is hard, the direct utilization efficiency is low, and it is necessary to use a wall breaking process for releasing the active ingredient inside.
In the prior art, spore wall breaking methods comprise mechanical crushing, ultrasonic wall breaking, enzymatic wall breaking and the like, but the methods have the problems of low efficiency, complex equipment, long treatment time, incomplete wall breaking, spore activity damage and the like. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN112827551A discloses a method and device for ultra-low temperature physical wall breaking of ganoderma lucidum wall-broken spore powder, and specifically discloses a wall breaking device which comprises a base, wherein a box body is fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the base, and a partition plate is arranged in the box body; universal wheels are arranged at four included angles of the bottom end face of the base; the upper end of the partition plate in the box body is fixedly connected with two bearing mounting pieces through a supporting plate, and two wall breaking rollers are arranged between the two bearing mounting pieces; the upper end face of the baffle inside the box body is positioned at the lower parts of the two wall breaking rollers and fixedly connected with a receiving hopper, and the lower part of the bottom end face inside the box body positioned at the discharge hole of the receiving hopper is provided with a vibrating screen device; an ultralow temperature refrigerating device is arranged at the upper part of the left end surface of the box body, and a transmission mechanism and a knocking mechanism are arranged at the top of the box body; the left end face and the right end face of the base are respectively provided with a supporting mechanism; the middle part of the rear end face of the box body is provided with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism, the vibrating screen device and the ultralow temperature refrigeration device are all electrically connected with an external power supply through an external controller; the bearing installation piece comprises a bearing seat, a limiting piece and fastening bolts, the bearing seat is fixed on the upper end face of an inner partition plate of the box body through a fixing plate, the upper portion of the bearing seat is rotationally connected with the limiting piece through a rotating shaft, two half annular clamping grooves are formed in opposite faces of the bearing seat and the limiting piece, one fastening bolt is connected to the right side of the limiting piece through threads, a threaded through hole in threaded connection with the fastening bolt is formed in the right side of the upper end face of the bearing seat, and when the bearing installation piece and the broken roller are in an installation state, the upper bearing of the broken roller is clamped in the half annular clamping grooves formed in opposite faces of the bearing seat and the limiting piece.
Such current broken wall device usually can use artifical transport material, carries out a lot of broken wall to reach higher broken wall rate, and the easy intensification of extrusion broken wall in-process spore destroys the inside active ingredient of spore, consequently, has the problem of broken wall inefficiency and reduction spore activity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of low wall breaking efficiency and spore activity reduction in the prior art, and provides a multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking and a cooperative process thereof.
In order to achieve the above and other objects, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
first, the present invention provides a multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking, which is characterized by comprising
The circulating transportation mechanism comprises a lifting frame and a transportation bin, and the transportation bin is slidably arranged between the two lifting frames;
the wall breaking mechanism comprises a first feeding bin, a first double roller, a second double roller, a third double roller and a discharging bin, wherein the tail part of the first feeding bin is connected with the outlet end of the transferring bin, the first double roller is arranged below the front part of the first feeding bin, the second double roller is arranged below the first double roller, the third double roller is arranged below the second double roller, the discharging bin is arranged below the third double roller, and the discharging end of the discharging bin extends to a position between two lifting frames;
the cooling mechanism is arranged on the wall breaking mechanism and comprises a spray pipeline and a spray head, wherein the spray head is arranged on the spray pipeline, and a plurality of spray pipelines are respectively arranged on the upper parts of the first double roller, the second double roller and the third double roller.
In an embodiment, the first twin roll includes a first roll body, a first scraper and a first feed bin, the first feed bin is mounted below the front of the first feed bin, the lower end of the first feed bin is connected with the upper end of the first roll body, and the first scraper is mounted at the lower end of the first roll body.
In one embodiment, a second vibratory feeder is mounted to a front portion of the first feed bin.
In an embodiment, the first twin roll, the second twin roll and the third twin roll are identical in structure.
In one embodiment, the rotational speeds of the roller bodies of the first, second, and third twin rollers are reduced stepwise.
In an embodiment, a baffle and first sensors are installed in the bin body of the first feeding bin, and the two first sensors are installed on the front side of the baffle; and a first feeding vibrator is further arranged on the first feeding bin.
In an embodiment, the cooling mechanism further comprises a delivery pump, a delivery pipeline and a liquid nitrogen diverter, wherein one end of the liquid nitrogen diverter is connected with the delivery pump through the delivery pipeline, and the other end of the liquid nitrogen diverter is connected with the spraying pipeline.
In an embodiment, a second sensor is installed in the cabin of the discharging bin.
Secondly, the invention also provides a synergistic process for spore wall breaking, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, putting fresh wet spore powder into an ultralow temperature refrigerator for freezing to obtain frozen spore powder;
s2, adding the frozen spore powder in the step S1 into a multi-stage extrusion device, and performing repeated cyclic extrusion wall breaking to obtain wet wall-broken spore powder;
and S3, placing the wet wall-broken spore powder in the step S2 in a low-temperature environment for freeze-vacuum drying treatment to obtain the wall-broken spore powder after the freeze-drying treatment.
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
step S21: placing the frozen spore powder in the first feed bin, and starting a liquid nitrogen delivery pump and the first feed vibrator;
step S22: the frozen spore powder sequentially enters a first double roller, a second double roller and a third double roller to be extruded for breaking the wall, and falls into a discharging bin to obtain primary wall-broken spore powder;
step S23: controlling a transfer bin to move to the lower part of the lifting frame, and transferring the wall-broken spore powder to the transfer bin once;
step S24: controlling the transfer bin to move to the upper part of the lifting frame, enabling the primary broken-wall spores to fall into the first feeding bin, and repeating the steps S21-S23 to obtain secondary broken-wall spores;
step S25: repeating the steps S21-S24 for multiple times to obtain the spore powder with high wall breaking rate.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts directly picked fresh spore powder without airing; the method is characterized in that the spore powder is placed in an ultralow temperature refrigerator to freeze water inside and outside the spore powder, and the cell wall structure is damaged by the generation and expansion of ice crystals, so that the spore powder is more fragile;
2. the cooling mechanism in the multistage extrusion device can provide a low-temperature environment in the spore powder wall breaking process, and the low temperature can slow down the activity of enzymes in the spore powder, so that the active ingredients in the spore powder can be protected, and the problem of degradation of the active ingredients caused by high-temperature or high-pressure treatment can be effectively avoided;
3. according to the invention, through the multistage double rollers and the cooperation of the circulating conveying mechanism, automatic circulating conveying can be performed, automatic feeding is realized, repeated extrusion wall breaking treatment is performed on spore powder, the automation degree of the device is improved, and the working efficiency of the device is effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a first view angle of the multistage extrusion device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a circulation transmission mechanism in the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a left side view of the multistage extrusion device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a first twin roll according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a discharging assembly according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the first feed hopper and liquid nitrogen spray assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows an SEM image of fresh wet spore powder.
Fig. 8 shows SEM images of wall-broken spore powder after freeze-drying treatment.
Reference numerals:
1-a multistage extrusion device;
11-a circulation transmission mechanism; 111-a lifting assembly; 1111-a lifting frame; 1112-screw rod; 1113-a driver; 1114—mounting blocks; 112-a transport assembly; 1121-a transfer bin; 1122-cover plate; 1123—a hydraulic swing cylinder;
12-a wall breaking mechanism; 121-a feeding assembly; 1211-a first feed bin; 12111-baffles; 12112-a first sensor; 12113-a first feed vibrator; 1212-a first support frame;
122-an extrusion assembly; 1221-a first twin roll; 12211-a first roller; 12212-a first squeegee; 12213-a first drive motor; 12214-first feed bin; 12215-second vibratory feeder; 1222-a second twin roll; 12221-a second roller; 12223-a second drive motor; 12224-a second feed bin; 12225-third vibratory feeder; 1223-third twin roll; 12231-third roller; 12233-a third drive motor; 12234-a third feed bin; 12235-fourth vibratory feeder; 1224-a second support frame;
123-a discharge assembly; 1231-base; 1232-discharging bin; 12321-fifth vibratory feeder; 12322-a second sensor; 1233-support spring member; 1234-finished product bin;
13-a cooling mechanism; 131-a liquid nitrogen delivery assembly; 1311-a liquid nitrogen storage tank; 1312—a transfer pump; 1313-a conveying pipe; 1314-liquid nitrogen diverter;
132-a liquid nitrogen spray assembly; 1321-first spray; 13211-shower pipe; 13212-spray head; 1322 a second spray member; 1323-third spray.
Detailed Description
Please refer to fig. 1 to 8. Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, that the present invention may be practiced in other ways than as described herein, and that the scope of the invention is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a multistage extrusion device 1 for spore wall breaking, which comprises a circulating transmission mechanism 11, a wall breaking mechanism 12 and a cooling mechanism 13, wherein the wall breaking mechanism 12 is arranged at the front end of the circulating transmission mechanism 11, and the height of the wall breaking mechanism 12 is smaller than that of the circulating mechanism 11, so that spore powder can be automatically and circularly transported into the wall breaking mechanism 12 through the circulating transmission mechanism 11, and the effect of multiple wall breaking is realized. The cooling mechanism 13 is connected with the wall breaking mechanism 12, and can provide a low-temperature environment in the spore wall breaking process, so that spores and the multistage extrusion device 1 can be rapidly cooled, and the activity of the spores can be effectively maintained.
As shown in fig. 2, the conveying mechanism 11 includes a lifting assembly 111 and a transferring assembly 112, the transferring assembly 112 is mounted on the lifting assembly 111, spore powder is placed in the transferring assembly 112, and the lifting assembly 111 drives the transferring assembly 112 to move up and down, so that the spore powder is circularly transported to break walls for a plurality of times.
Specifically, the lifting assembly 111 includes a lifting frame 1111, a screw 1112, a driving member 1113, and a mounting block 1114. In this embodiment, two lifting frames 1111 are vertically disposed opposite to each other, and a screw 1112 is mounted on an inner side of each lifting frame 1111, and the transfer assembly 112 is mounted between two sets of screw 1112 through the mounting block 1114. The driving member 1113 is further mounted on each lifting frame 1111, and is used for driving the transferring assembly 112 to move up and down between the screw rods 1112 to transfer materials. In this embodiment, the driving member 1113 may be mounted on the upper end of the lifting frame 1111, and the driving member 1113 may be a driving motor or other driving members.
The transfer assembly 112 comprises a transfer bin 1121 and a cover plate 1122, the transfer cover plate 1122 is movably mounted at an opening of the transfer bin 1121, when materials are contained in the transfer bin 1121, the cover plate 1122 is closed with the transfer bin 1121, dust emission can be controlled, and loss of the materials in the transfer process is prevented. In this embodiment, the cover 1122 may be mounted to the transfer bin 1121 by a hydraulic swing cylinder 1123 to effect the opening and closing of the cover 1122; of course, in other embodiments, the cover 1122 may be movably mounted to the transfer bin 1121 in other ways. The bottom of the transferring bin 1121 is rotatably mounted on the mounting block 1114, and the mounting block 1114 drives the transferring bin 1121 to move up and down between the lifting frames 1111. When the transfer bin 1121 receives and discharges materials, the bin body of the transfer bin 1121 is in a horizontal position; when the bin is filled with materials for transferring, the bin body of the transferring bin 1121 rotates to the vertical position, so that the materials can be further prevented from being lost in the transferring process.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the wall breaking mechanism 12 includes a feeding assembly 121, an extruding assembly 122 and a discharging assembly 123, the feeding assembly 121 is mounted at the front end of the lifting frame 1111, the discharging assembly 123 is mounted below the extruding assembly 122 and the feeding assembly 121, the extruding assembly 122 is mounted at the front end of the feeding assembly 121, the transferring bin 1121 circularly transfers materials to the feeding assembly 121, the materials are conveyed to the extruding assembly 122 through the feeding assembly 121 to start the next extrusion, the materials after one extrusion fall into the discharging assembly 123, and the materials needing to be extruded again are conveyed to the transferring bin 1121 through the discharging assembly 123, so as to start the new circulation extrusion.
The feeding assembly 121 includes a first feeding bin 1211 and a first supporting frame 1212, the first supporting frame 1212 is located at the front end of the lifting frame 1111, the first feeding bin 1211 is mounted on the first supporting frame 1212, and the tail of the first feeding bin 1211 is located below the front end opening of the transferring bin 1121, so that the material in the transferring bin 1121 can fall into the first feeding bin 1211, and the height of the first supporting frame 1212 is adjustable. A baffle 12111 and a first sensor 12112 are further installed in the first feeding bin 1211 near the front end, the two first sensors 12112 are installed on the front side of the baffle 12111, the feeding speed of the first feeding bin 1211 can be adjusted by controlling the baffle 12111, and the first sensor 12112 can determine whether spore powder exists in the detection area, so that the feeding efficiency and quality are improved. Preferably, the first sensor 12112 may be a color sensor, which can determine the residual amount of the spore powder by distinguishing the difference in color of the spore powder and the first hopper 1211. In addition, a first feeding vibrator 12113 is further installed on the first feeding bin 1211, and the feeding speed of the first feeding bin 1211 can be increased by the first vibration feeder 12113, and preferably, the first feeding vibrator 12113 may be a linear vibrator.
The extrusion assembly 122 is a multi-stage extrusion structure and includes a plurality of twin rolls, in this embodiment, a first twin roll 1221, a second twin roll 1222 and a third twin roll 1223, and the first twin roll 1221, the second twin roll 1222 and the third twin roll 1223 are vertically installed at the front end of the first feeding bin 1211 in sequence. The first dual roller 1221, the second dual roller 1222, and the third dual roller 1223 have the same structure and are increased in size step by step. Referring to fig. 4, the first twin roller 1221 includes a first roller body 12211, a first scraper 12212, a first driving motor 12213 and a first feeding bin 12214, where the first feeding bin 12214 is installed below the front portion of the first feeding bin 1211, the first feeding bin 12214 is a funnel-shaped bin body with a large top and a small bottom, and the lower end of the first feeding bin 12214 is connected with the upper ends of the two first roller bodies 12211 that are installed in parallel, so that materials in the first feeding bin 1211 may enter the first roller body 12211 through the first feeding bin 12214 for wall breaking by extrusion. In addition, the first feeding bin 12214 is further provided with a second vibration feeder 12215, and when materials need to enter the first roller 12211 from the first feeding bin 12214, the second vibration feeder 12215 is opened, so that the material falling efficiency can be improved. In this embodiment, the second vibratory feeder 12215 is mounted at a front end position of the first feed bin 12214. At least one first scraper 12212 is disposed below each first roller 12211, where the first scraper 12212 may scrape and remove material adhering to the first roller 12211. The first driving motor 12213 is connected to the first roller 12211 to drive the two first rollers 12211 to rotate relatively, and the rotational speed of the first rollers 12211 can be adjusted by the first driving motor 12213.
Similarly, the second double roller 1222 includes a second roller 12221, a second scraper, a second driving motor 12223, and a second feeding bin 12224, where the second feeding bin 12224 is installed below the first roller 12211, the second feeding bin 12224 is a funnel-shaped bin with a large upper part and a small lower part, and the lower end of the second feeding bin 12224 is connected to the upper ends of the two second roller 12221 installed in parallel, and a third vibration feeder 12225 is also installed on the second feeding bin 12224. At least one second scraping plate is disposed below each second roller 12221, and the second driving motor 12223 is connected to the second roller 12221. The third dual-roller 1223 includes a third roller 12231, a third scraper, a third driving motor 12233, and a third feeding bin 12234, where the third feeding bin 12234 is installed below the second roller 12221, the third feeding bin 12234 is a funnel-shaped bin with a large top and a small bottom, and the lower end of the third feeding bin 12234 is connected with the upper ends of the two third roller 12231 installed in parallel, and a fourth vibration feeder 12235 is further installed on the third feeding bin 12234. At least one third scraper is disposed below each third roller 12231, and the third driving motor 12233 is connected to the third roller 12231.
The rotation speeds of the first roller 12211, the second roller 12221 and the third roller 12231 can be reduced step by the first driving motor 12213, the second driving motor 12223 and the third driving motor 12233, so that the materials fall from the first feeding bin 1211 and then enter the discharging assembly 123 after being extruded by the first dual roller 1221, the second dual roller 1222 and the third dual roller 1223. In addition, the pressing assembly 122 further includes a second supporting frame 1224, and the second supporting frame 1224 may be installed at one side of the first, second, and third dual rollers 1221, 1222, and 1223 for placing the first, second, and third driving motors 12213, 12223, and 12233.
Of course, in this embodiment, the extrusion assembly 122 is designed as a three-stage extrusion assembly, and in other embodiments, the extrusion assembly 123 may be a non-three-stage extrusion assembly, and preferably, the extrusion assembly 123 may be a 2-5-stage extrusion assembly.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, the discharging assembly 123 is located below the third twin roller 1213 and includes a base 1231, a discharging bin 1232, a supporting spring member 1233, and a finished product bin 1234, wherein the discharging bin 1232 is mounted on the base 1231 through the supporting spring member 1233, and the discharging bin 1232 is located below the third twin roller 1213, and a discharging port of the discharging bin 1232 is directed toward the lifting frame 1111; the finished product bin 1234 is mounted between the lifting frames 1111, the finished product bin 1234 is located below the discharge port of the discharge bin 1232, the materials subjected to wall breaking by the extrusion component 122 directly fall into the discharge bin 1232, and the materials needing to be wall broken again enter the transfer bin 1121 and are transported to the extrusion component 122 for the next round of extrusion wall breaking through circulation; the materials which do not need to be broken again fall into the finished product bin 1234 from the discharging bin 1232, and the materials in the finished product bin 1234 are final products. In addition, a fifth vibratory feeder 12321 is further installed below the discharge bin 1232, and the discharge efficiency of the discharge bin 1232 can be improved by the fifth vibratory feeder 12321. And a second sensor 12322 is further installed in the discharging bin 1232 near the outlet end, and similarly, the second sensor 12322 can judge whether spore powder exists in the detection area, so that the feeding efficiency and quality are improved. Preferably, the second sensor 12322 may be a color sensor, which can determine the residual amount of the spore powder in the discharge bin 1232 by distinguishing the difference in color of the spore powder and the discharge bin 1232.
Referring to fig. 1 and 6 again, the cooling mechanism 13 is connected to the pressing mechanism 12 for providing a low temperature environment for the pressing mechanism 12 and the spore powder. Specifically, in this embodiment, the cooling mechanism 13 adopts a liquid nitrogen cooling manner, the cooling mechanism 13 includes a liquid nitrogen conveying component 131 and a liquid nitrogen spraying component 132, the liquid nitrogen spraying component 132 is connected with the liquid nitrogen conveying component 131, the liquid nitrogen spraying component 132 is installed on the extrusion component 122, the liquid nitrogen conveying component 131 conveys liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen spraying component 132, and the liquid nitrogen is sprayed onto the extrusion mechanism 12 through the liquid nitrogen spraying component 132, so as to achieve the purposes of cooling and cooling.
The liquid nitrogen delivery assembly 131 comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank 1311, a delivery pump 1312, a delivery pipeline 1313 and a liquid nitrogen diverter 1314, wherein liquid nitrogen for cooling is stored in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 1311, the delivery pump 1312 is connected with the liquid nitrogen storage tank 1311, an outlet end of the delivery pump 1312 is connected with the liquid nitrogen diverter 1314 through the delivery pipeline 1313, and liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 1311 is delivered into the liquid nitrogen spraying assembly 132 through the delivery pump 1312 and the delivery pipeline 1313.
The liquid nitrogen spraying assembly 132 comprises a first spraying member 1321, a second spraying member 1322 and a third spraying member 1323, wherein the first spraying member 1321 is installed above the first dual-roller 1221, the second spraying member 1322 is installed above the second dual-roller 1222, the third spraying member 1323 is installed above the third dual-roller 1223, the first spraying member 1321, the second spraying member 1322 and the third spraying member 1323 are connected with the liquid nitrogen diverter 1314, and the liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen diverter 1314 is sprayed on the first dual-roller 1221, the second dual-roller 1222 and the third dual-roller 1223 through the first spraying member 1321, the second spraying member 1322 and the third spraying member 1323, so as to provide a continuous low-temperature environment for the extrusion mechanism 12. In this embodiment, the first spraying member 1321, the second spraying member 1322 and the third spraying member 1323 have the same structure, the first spraying member 1321 includes a spraying pipe 13211 and a spray nozzle 13212, a plurality of spray nozzles 13212 are uniformly installed on the spraying pipe 13211, the spray nozzle 13212 faces the direction of the extrusion assembly 122, and the liquid nitrogen passes through the spray nozzle 13212 after passing through the spraying pipe 13211 and is uniformly sprayed on the extrusion assembly 122. The length of the shower lines 13211, as well as the number and placement distance of the shower heads 13212, may be adjusted depending on the particular size of the roller body of the extrusion assembly 122.
When the multistage extrusion device 1 is used, firstly, spores to be broken are placed in the first feeding bin 1211, and meanwhile, the conveying pump 1312 and the first feeding vibrator 12113 are turned on to start spraying liquid nitrogen to the extrusion assembly 122; spores enter the first feeding bin 12214 through the first feeding bin 1211, fall onto the first double-roller 1221 through the first feeding bin 12214, fall onto the second feeding bin 12224 through the first roller 12211, fall onto the second double-roller 1222 through the second feeding bin 12224, are subjected to wall breaking through re-extrusion by the second roller 12221, fall into the third feeding bin 12234, fall onto the third double-roller 1223 through the third feeding bin 12234, and fall into the discharging bin 1232 below the third roller 12231 through the third roller 12231, so as to obtain primary spore powder.
The control of the movement of the transferring bin 1121 to the lower part of the lifting frame 1111 and the opening of the cover plate 1122, the primary wall-broken spore powder in the discharging bin 1232 enters the transferring bin 1121, the judgment of whether the primary wall-broken spore powder in the discharging bin 1232 remains or not is made by the second sensor 12321, the closing of the cover plate 1122 is made while the rotation of the transferring bin 1121 to the vertical position is made when the judgment of no remains is made, and the control of the driving member 1113 moves the transferring bin 1121 to the upper part of the lifting frame 1111. And rotating the transferring bin 1121 to a horizontal position, opening the cover plate 1122 to enable the primary wall-broken spore powder in the transferring bin 1121 to fall into the first feeding bin 1211, and repeating the extrusion wall-breaking step to obtain the secondary wall-broken spore.
Repeating the steps of circulating transportation and extrusion wall breaking for a plurality of times to finish wall breaking, and finally, dropping the product into the finished product bin 1234.
The invention also provides a spore continuous quenching-multistage extrusion cooperative process using the multistage extrusion device 1, and in the embodiment 1, the spore continuous quenching-multistage extrusion cooperative process comprises the following steps:
s1, putting the picked fresh wet spore powder into an ultralow temperature refrigerator at the temperature of minus 60 ℃ to freeze for 100 minutes to obtain frozen spore powder;
s2, adding the frozen spore powder into a multi-stage extrusion device, and circularly extruding and breaking the walls for a plurality of times according to the using method of the multi-stage extrusion device to obtain wet wall-broken spore powder;
and S3, placing the wet wall-broken spore powder in a low-temperature environment of-10 ℃ for freeze vacuum drying treatment, wherein the vacuum drying pressure is 1500Pa, and obtaining the wall-broken spore powder after freeze drying treatment.
And measuring the wall breaking rate of the spore powder obtained in the step S3 to be 99.32%.
Preferably, in step S2, the multi-stage extrusion device is a three-stage extrusion device, and the number of times of circulating extrusion wall breaking of spores in the multi-stage extrusion device is 3.
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
step S21: placing the frozen spore powder in the first feed bin, and starting a liquid nitrogen delivery pump and the first feed vibrator;
step S22: the frozen spore powder sequentially enters a first double roller, a second double roller and a third double roller to be extruded for breaking the wall, and falls into a discharging bin to obtain primary wall-broken spore powder;
step S23: controlling a transfer bin to move to the lower part of the lifting frame, and transferring the wall-broken spore powder to the transfer bin once;
step S24: controlling the transfer bin to move to the upper part of the lifting frame, enabling the primary broken-wall spores to fall into the first feeding bin, and repeating the steps S21-S23 to obtain secondary broken-wall spores;
step S25: repeating the steps S21-S24 to obtain the spore powder with high wall breaking rate.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the fresh wet spore powder in the step S1 and the wall-broken spore powder after the freeze-drying treatment in the step S3 are observed under a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and it is found that the fresh wet spore powder is complete in morphology, oval in shape, small holes on the surface, truncated on the top, and the spore powder after the continuous quenching-multistage extrusion synergistic process treatment is almost completely broken, due to exudation of the content, small holes on the surface layer of the spore are covered, irregular sheet-like stacks are layered, and spore fragments are randomly piled up, so that the spore wall of the spore powder is broken, and the content is fully exposed, so that release of the effective substances in the spores is more complete.
In example 2, the following steps are included:
s1, putting the picked fresh wet spore powder into an ultralow temperature refrigerator at the temperature of-70 ℃ to freeze for 120 minutes to obtain frozen spore powder;
s2, adding the frozen spore powder into a multi-stage extrusion device, and circularly extruding and breaking the walls for a plurality of times to obtain wet wall-broken spore powder;
step S3, placing the wet wall-broken spore powder in a low-temperature environment of minus 10 ℃ for freeze vacuum drying treatment, wherein the vacuum drying pressure is 1500Pa, and obtaining the wall-broken spore powder after freeze drying treatment
And measuring the wall breaking rate of the spore powder obtained in the step S3 to be 95.32%.
Preferably, in step S2, the multi-stage extrusion device is a two-stage extrusion device, and the number of times of circulating extrusion and wall breaking of spores in the multi-stage extrusion device is 3.
Preferably, the step S2 includes:
step S21: placing the frozen spore powder in the first feed bin, and starting a liquid nitrogen delivery pump and the first feed vibrator;
step S22: the frozen spore powder sequentially enters a first double roller and a second double roller to be extruded for breaking the wall, and falls into a discharging bin to obtain primary wall-broken spore powder;
step S23: controlling a transfer bin to move to the lower part of the lifting frame, and transferring the wall-broken spore powder to the transfer bin once;
step S24: controlling the transfer bin to move to the upper part of the lifting frame, enabling the primary broken-wall spores to fall into the first feeding bin, and repeating the steps S21-S23 to obtain secondary broken-wall spores;
step S25: repeating the steps S21-S24 to obtain the spore powder with high wall breaking rate.
In conclusion, the invention adopts the directly picked fresh spore powder without airing; the method is characterized in that the spore powder is placed in an ultralow temperature refrigerator to freeze water inside and outside the spore powder, and the cell wall structure is damaged by the generation and expansion of ice crystals, so that the spore powder is more fragile; the cooling mechanism in the multistage extrusion device can provide a low-temperature environment in the spore powder wall breaking process, and the low temperature can slow down the activity of enzymes in the spore powder, so that the active ingredients in the spore powder can be protected, and the problem of degradation of the active ingredients caused by high-temperature or high-pressure treatment can be effectively avoided; according to the invention, through the multistage double rollers and the cooperation of the circulating conveying mechanism, automatic circulating transfer can be performed, automatic feeding is realized, repeated extrusion wall breaking treatment is performed on spore powder, the automation degree of the device is improved, and the working efficiency of the device is effectively improved.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing examples, and that the foregoing description and description are merely illustrative of the principles of this invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A multistage extrusion device for spore broken wall, characterized by comprising
The circulating transportation mechanism comprises a lifting frame and a transportation bin, and the transportation bin is slidably arranged between the two lifting frames;
the wall breaking mechanism comprises a first feeding bin, a plurality of double rollers and a discharging bin, wherein the tail part of the first feeding bin is connected with the outlet end of the transferring bin, one of the double rollers is arranged below the front part of the first feeding bin, the discharging bin is arranged below the plurality of double rollers, and the discharging end of the discharging bin extends between the two lifting frames;
the cooling mechanism is arranged on the wall breaking mechanism and comprises a spray pipeline and a spray head, wherein the spray head is arranged on the spray pipeline, and a plurality of spray pipelines are respectively arranged on the upper parts of a plurality of double rollers.
2. The multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking according to claim 1, wherein the twin rolls comprise a roll body, a scraping plate and a feeding bin, the feeding bin is mounted below the front part of the first feeding bin, the lower end of the feeding bin is connected with the upper end of the roll body, and the scraping plate is mounted at the lower end of the roll body.
3. The multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking as claimed in claim 2, wherein the front part of the feed bin is provided with a vibration feeder.
4. A multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking as claimed in claim 3, wherein the twin rolls comprise a first twin roll, a second twin roll and a third twin roll, and the first twin roll, the second twin roll and the third twin roll are identical in structure.
5. The multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking as claimed in claim 4, wherein the rotational extrusion speeds of the roller bodies of the first, second and third twin rollers are gradually decreased.
6. The multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking according to claim 1, wherein a baffle and first sensors are installed in the bin body of the first feeding bin, and the two first sensors are installed on the front side of the baffle; and a first feeding vibrator is further arranged on the first feeding bin.
7. The multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking according to claim 1, wherein the cooling mechanism further comprises a delivery pump, a delivery pipe and a liquid nitrogen diverter, one end of the liquid nitrogen diverter is connected with the delivery pump through the delivery pipe, and the other end is connected with the spraying pipe.
8. The multistage extrusion device for spore wall breaking according to claim 1, wherein a second sensor is installed in the cabin of the discharging bin.
9. A synergistic process for breaking spores using a multistage extrusion device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
step S1, putting fresh wet spore powder into an ultralow temperature refrigerator for freezing to obtain frozen spore powder;
s2, adding the frozen spore powder in the step S1 into a multi-stage extrusion device, and performing repeated cyclic extrusion wall breaking to obtain wet wall-broken spore powder;
and S3, placing the wet wall-broken spore powder in the step S2 in a low-temperature environment for freeze-vacuum drying treatment to obtain the wall-broken spore powder after the freeze-drying treatment.
10. The synergistic process for spore wall breaking as claimed in claim 9, wherein the step S2 comprises:
step S21: placing the frozen spore powder in a first feed bin, and starting a liquid nitrogen delivery pump and a first feed vibrator;
step S22: the frozen spore powder sequentially enters a first double roller, a second double roller and a third double roller to be extruded for breaking the wall, and falls into a discharging bin to obtain primary wall-broken spore powder;
step S23: controlling the transfer bin to move to the lower part of the lifting frame, and transferring the wall-broken spore powder to the transfer bin once;
step S24: controlling the transfer bin to move to the upper part of the lifting frame, enabling the primary broken-wall spores to fall into the first feeding bin, and repeating the steps S21-S23 to obtain secondary broken-wall spores;
step S25: repeating the steps S21-S24 for multiple times to obtain the spore powder with high wall breaking rate.
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