CN117428204A - Preparation method of high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN117428204A CN117428204A CN202311332409.9A CN202311332409A CN117428204A CN 117428204 A CN117428204 A CN 117428204A CN 202311332409 A CN202311332409 A CN 202311332409A CN 117428204 A CN117428204 A CN 117428204A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008645 cold stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper iron Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu] IYRDVAUFQZOLSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YGHCWPXPAHSSNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel subsulfide Chemical compound [Ni].[Ni]=S.[Ni]=S YGHCWPXPAHSSNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer, which comprises the steps of preparing a nickel transition layer on the surface of a preheated 42CrMoA bearing substrate by utilizing a laser cladding technology, wherein the thickness of the prepared ultra-pure compact small-thickness nickel transition layer is 0.8-1.5 mm, continuously carrying out laser cladding on the surface of the prepared ultra-pure compact small-thickness nickel transition layer to prepare a copper alloy wear-resistant layer, preparing the thickness of the obtained ultra-pure compact copper alloy single-channel cladding layer to be 1.0-1.5 mm, and carrying out 300-350 ℃ annealing treatment on the bearing with the copper alloy wear-resistant layer; according to the invention, through strict heat input control and preparation of the nickel transition layer in the laser cladding process, the bearing substrate is directly contacted with liquid nickel but not contacted with liquid copper alloy, so that the contact state of solid steel/liquid copper is changed, the penetration cracks and thermal cracks of the wear-resistant layer and the interface thereof are thoroughly eliminated, and the substrate performance is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal surface additive manufacturing, and relates to a preparation method of a high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer.
Background
The bearing is a key basic part in modern industry, is a critical mechanical basic part for supporting shaft and shaft parts and bearing force transmitted by the shaft, plays a role in ensuring the running precision of the rotating shaft and reducing friction and abrasion between the rotating shaft and the bearing, and is required to be used in all rotating equipment and a large number of reciprocating equipment, and the precision, performance, service life and reliability of the bearing play a decisive role in the service performance and reliability of a host machine.
The bearing is most typically applied in the wind power generation industry, and is distributed in all subsystems of yaw, pitch, transmission chains and generators of a fan, wherein the yaw bearing, the pitch bearing, the main shaft bearing, the speed increaser bearing and the generator bearing are included. The wind turbine generator stands upright in the wild for a long time, runs in the air, faces severe use environments such as high and low temperature, damp and hot, sand dust and the like, has high fault maintenance cost, and therefore, the bearing is required to be maintenance-free for 20 years, and the reliability requirement on the bearing is very high. The wind turbine generator gear box is an important component of a wind turbine generator and bears heavy load power transmission, the main component, namely the sliding bearing, bears very high moment and friction, the bearing specific pressure is more than 10MPa, the radial load reaches more than 2000KN, and the performance directly determines the service life of the fan.
Compared with the traditional method for integrally manufacturing the copper alloy or preparing the wear-resistant layer of the sliding bearing by adopting a centrifugal casting process, the method for preparing the sliding bearing by adopting the laser cladding method at present has the advantages of environmental protection, short flow, controllable thickness of the cladding layer, small heat input, small heat affected zone, fine grains of the cladding layer, high efficiency and the like. For example, chinese patent CN116696947a discloses that by controlling the mass specific surface area of copper alloy powder, the reflectivity of the laser is reduced, so that the energy of the laser can be better absorbed, a more sufficient melting effect can be achieved under a lower laser energy, the possibility of generating bubbles is reduced, and further, the cladding effect of the metal powder is better, and the finally obtained sliding bearing can bear a larger load. Chinese patent CN113737176a discloses that tin bronze powder and a laser beam are sprayed simultaneously on the surface of a bearing substrate, and the tin bronze powder and the laser beam are intersected before being sprayed on the surface of the bearing substrate, so as to form a cladding layer in a cladding region of the bearing substrate, and the cladding region is moved in the axial direction of the bearing substrate until the cladding layer is formed on the entire surface of the bearing substrate.
The two methods are to make the solid bearing matrix and the liquid copper alloy directly contact, and the main component iron of the bearing steel and copper are in limited solid solution in the compounding process in the preparation process to form epsilon solid solution with limited solubility, so that the two methods have poor intersolubility, high metallurgical bonding difficulty and low interface bonding strength. The difference of physical properties of copper and steel is large, and the expansion coefficient of copper wires is about 1.4 times of that of iron; the crystallization temperature range of the iron-copper alloy is about 300-400 ℃, various low-melting-point eutectic crystals such as (Cu+Cu 2O), fe+FeS, ni+Ni3S2 and the like are easy to form, the thermal cracking in the wear-resistant layer is easy to cause the wear-resistant layer to fall off in the use process of the bearing in the compounding process, the bearing is invalid in a gluing mode, and the service life of the bearing is far from that of actual requirements. The liquid copper or copper alloy has stronger penetration effect on the grain boundary of steel, the penetration between crystals can form eutectic with low melting point (brittle phase) at the grain boundary of the matrix so as to generate cracks (penetration cracks), the penetration cracks generally occur at one side of the near-interface steel matrix, the cold/heat stress of the copper and the steel are different, and crack defects are easy to occur on the wear-resistant layer and the interface thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer, which solves the problem that the wear-resistant layer prepared by the existing preparation method of the high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer has crack defects at the interface.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a nickel transition layer on the surface of a preheated 42CrMoA bearing substrate by utilizing a laser cladding technology through laser deep cladding, wherein the thickness of the prepared ultra-pure compact small-thickness nickel transition layer is 0.8-1.5 mm;
and 2, continuously carrying out laser deep melting on the bearing surface of the prepared ultra-pure compact nickel transition layer with small thickness to prepare a copper alloy wear-resistant layer, wherein the laser power is 2000-2500W, the defocusing amount is +/-5 mm, the lap joint rate is 40-60%, the scanning speed is 500-800 mm/min, and the thickness of the prepared ultra-pure compact copper alloy single-channel cladding layer is 1.0-1.5 mm.
And 3, carrying out 300-350 ℃ annealing treatment on the bearing with the copper alloy wear-resistant layer.
The laser deep melting adopts an IPG6KW laser, the laser cladding head is an anti-high-reflectivity cladding head, the laser focus light spot is a homogenized square light spot, and the powder feeding mode is coaxial annular powder feeding.
In the step 1, the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃ and the preheating time is 2-3 h.
In the step 1, a preheated 42CrMoA bearing matrix is subjected to laser deep melting on the surface of the bearing by utilizing a laser cladding technology to prepare a nickel transition layer, wherein the adopted nickel powder has the granularity of 80-120 mu m.
In the step 1, a preheated 42CrMoA bearing substrate is subjected to laser deep melting on the surface of the bearing by utilizing a laser cladding technology to prepare a nickel transition layer, wherein both powder feeding gas and protective gas are argon, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 5-10L/min, the flow rate of the protective gas is 10-15L/min, the powder feeding amount is 40-80 g/min, the laser power is 2000-3000W, the defocusing amount is +/-5 mm, the lap joint rate is 25-40%, and the laser scanning speed is 300-500 mm/min.
In the step 2, laser deep melting is continuously carried out on the bearing surface of the prepared ultra-pure compact nickel transition layer with small thickness to prepare the copper alloy wear-resistant layer, and the powder for laser cladding is ZCUSn12Ni2 copper alloy powder.
In the step 2, the granularity of the copper alloy powder is 150-300 mu m, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are argon, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 10-15L/min, the flow rate of the protective gas is 15-20L/min, and the powder feeding amount is 70-100 g/min.
Before preheating a 42CrMoA bearing substrate, sequentially performing ultrasonic flaw detection, rough turning and modulation treatment, finishing to a target size, degreasing the bearing substrate, drying, and shielding a non-machined surface of the bearing by using a tool.
The drying temperature is 50-70 ℃ and the drying time is 30-60 min.
In the step 3, the annealing time is 2-2.5 h, and the finish machining is carried out after annealing.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Firstly cladding a nickel transition layer on the surface of a bearing substrate, and cladding a copper alloy wear-resistant layer on the surface of the ultra-clean compact small-thickness nickel transition layer, wherein the strict heat input control and the preparation of the ultra-clean compact small-thickness nickel transition layer in the laser cladding process enable the bearing substrate 42CrMoA to be in direct contact with liquid nickel but not in contact with liquid copper alloy, so that the contact state of solid steel/liquid copper is changed, the penetration cracks and thermal cracks of the wear-resistant layer and the interface thereof are thoroughly eliminated, the substrate performance is greatly improved, the bonding force between the prepared bearing cladding layer and the substrate is more than or equal to 250MPa, the density of the cladding layer is more than or equal to 99.5%, and the bearing specific pressure is more than or equal to 10MPa;
(2) Before the nickel transition layer is clad on the surface of the bearing matrix, preheating the bearing matrix, reducing the thermal stress caused by abrupt temperature change and uneven temperature distribution in the laser cladding process, and eliminating partial permeation cracks and thermal cracks;
(3) The high-reflectivity laser cladding head is adopted for laser cladding, and the light spots are homogenized light spots, so that the problems of high reflectivity and inconsistent corrosion resistance of the cladding layer in the copper alloy cladding process are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a high-load slide bearing of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the interface structure of the cladding layer of the high-load sliding bearing of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a metallographic structure diagram of a cladding layer of the high-load sliding bearing of the invention.
In the figure, 1, a bearing substrate, 2, a nickel transition layer and 3, a cladding layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Example 1
The preparation method of the high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer comprises the following steps:
step 1, checking the mechanical properties of a 42CrMoA forged test bar, performing ultrasonic flaw detection, performing rough turning and modulation treatment on the test bar after determining no defects, then performing finish machining to a target size, degreasing a bearing matrix by using an organic solvent such as acetone, and drying after degreasing at a drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 50min;
step 2, shielding a non-processing surface of the bearing by using a tool, and then preheating at a temperature of 200 ℃ for 2 hours;
step 3, using an IPG6KW laser to prepare a nickel transition layer on the preheated 42CrMoA bearing substrate by utilizing a laser cladding technology, wherein the output laser wavelength is 1080nm, the laser focus light spot is 4 x 2mm homogenized square light spot, and the powder feeding mode of cladding equipment is coaxial annular powder feeding; the laser cladding head is an anti-high-reflectivity cladding head, the granularity of nickel powder is 80-120 mu m, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are argon, the powder feeding gas flow is 5L/min, the protective gas flow is 10L/min, the powder feeding amount is 45g/min, the laser power is 2000W, the defocusing amount is +/-5 mm, the lap joint rate is 25%, the laser scanning speed is 300mm/min, and the thickness of the prepared ultra-pure compact nickel transition layer with small thickness is 0.9mm.
And 4, continuously carrying out laser deep melting on the surface of the bearing with the prepared ultra-pure compact nickel transition layer with small thickness to prepare a copper alloy wear-resistant layer, wherein the powder for laser cladding is ZCUSn12Ni2 copper alloy powder, and the ZCUSn12Ni2 element components are as follows: 84 to 87 percent of Cu, 1.5 to 2.4 percent of Ni, 11.3 to 13 percent of Sn, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of Zn, 0.15 to 0.20 percent of Fe, 0.10 to 0.20 percent of Mn, 0.2 to 0.3 percent of Pb, 0.04 to 0.05 percent of S, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of Sb, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Al and less than or equal to 0.01 percent of Si; the granularity of the copper alloy powder is 150-300 mu m, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are argon, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 10L/min, the flow rate of the protective gas is 15L/min, the powder feeding amount is 72g/min, the laser power is 2000W, the defocusing amount is +/-5 mm, the lap joint rate is 40%, and the scanning speed is 500mm/min, so that the thickness of the prepared ultra-clean compact copper alloy single-channel cladding layer is 1.1mm;
and 5, carrying out 300 ℃ annealing treatment on the bearing with the copper alloy wear-resistant layer, wherein the annealing time is 2h, and carrying out finish machining after annealing to keep the copper alloy cladding layer at 1mm.
The structure of the prepared high-load-bearing sliding bearing material is shown in figure 1, the inside of the high-load-bearing sliding bearing material is a bearing substrate 1, and the outside of the bearing substrate 1 is sequentially provided with a nickel transition layer 2 and a cladding layer 3.
Microscopic observation is carried out on the prepared high-load-bearing sliding bearing cladding layer interface, the structure diagram is shown in figure 2, and from figure 2, the metallurgical bonding between the high-load-bearing sliding bearing substrate and the cladding layer interface is good, and the defects such as thermal cracks and penetration cracks are avoided.
The structure diagram of the metallographic structure observation is shown in figure 3, and the figure 3 shows that the copper alloy in the friction-resistant layer of the high-load sliding bearing prepared by the invention has the defects of uniform structure, fine crystal grains, no air holes and the like, and the wear-resistant layer has higher compactness.
And detecting the performance of the prepared high-load-bearing sliding bearing cladding layer, wherein the bonding force of the cladding layer and a substrate is more than or equal to 250MPa, the density of the cladding layer is more than or equal to 99.5%, and the specific pressure of bearing load is more than or equal to 10MPa.
Example 2
The preparation method of the high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer comprises the following steps:
step 1, checking the mechanical properties of a 42CrMoA forged test bar, performing ultrasonic flaw detection, performing rough turning and modulation treatment on the test bar after determining no defects, then performing finish machining to a target size, degreasing a bearing matrix by using an organic solvent such as acetone, and drying after degreasing at a drying temperature of 50 ℃ for 60min;
step 2, shielding a non-processing surface of the bearing by using a tool, and then preheating at a temperature of 300 ℃ for 2.5 hours;
step 3, using an IPG6KW laser to prepare a nickel transition layer on the preheated 42CrMoA bearing substrate by utilizing a laser cladding technology, wherein the output laser wavelength is 1080nm, the laser focus light spot is 4 x 2mm homogenized square light spot, and the powder feeding mode of cladding equipment is coaxial annular powder feeding; the laser cladding head is an anti-high-reflectivity cladding head, the granularity of nickel powder is 80-120 mu m, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are argon, the powder feeding gas flow is 8L/min, the protective gas flow is 12L/min, the powder feeding amount is 63g/min, the laser power is 2500W, the defocusing amount is +/-5 mm, the lap joint rate is 30%, the laser scanning speed is 400mm/min, and the thickness of the prepared ultra-pure compact nickel transition layer is 1.2mm.
Step 4, continuing laser deep melting on the surface of the bearing of the prepared ultra-pure compact small-thickness nickel transition layer to prepare a copper alloy wear-resistant layer, wherein the powder for laser cladding is ZCUSn12Ni2 copper alloy powder, the granularity of the copper alloy powder is 150-300 mu m, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are argon, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 13L/min, the flow rate of the protective gas is 16L/min, the powder feeding amount is 87g/min, the laser power is 2300W, the defocusing amount is +/-5 mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the scanning speed is 600mm/min, and the thickness of the prepared ultra-pure compact copper alloy single-channel cladding layer is 1.3mm;
and 5, carrying out 350 ℃ annealing treatment on the bearing with the copper alloy wear-resistant layer, wherein the annealing time is 2.5h, and carrying out finish machining after annealing to keep the copper alloy cladding layer at 1mm.
The high-load sliding bearing substrate and the cladding layer have good metallurgical bonding at the interface, and have no defects such as thermal cracks, penetration cracks and the like. The copper alloy in the wear-resistant layer has uniform structure, fine grains, no defects such as air holes and the like, and the wear-resistant layer has higher density.
And detecting the performance of the prepared high-load-bearing sliding bearing cladding layer, wherein the bonding force of the cladding layer and a substrate is more than or equal to 250MPa, the density of the cladding layer is more than or equal to 99.5%, and the specific pressure of bearing load is more than or equal to 10MPa.
Example 3
The preparation method of the high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer comprises the following steps:
step 1, checking the mechanical properties of a 42CrMoA forged test bar, performing ultrasonic flaw detection, performing rough turning and modulation treatment on the test bar after determining no defects, then performing finish machining to a target size, degreasing a bearing matrix by using an organic solvent such as acetone, and drying after degreasing at a drying temperature of 50 ℃ for 60min;
step 2, shielding a non-processing surface of the bearing by using a tool, and then preheating at the temperature of 250 ℃ for 2 hours;
step 3, using an IPG6KW laser to prepare a nickel transition layer on the preheated 42CrMoA bearing substrate by utilizing a laser cladding technology, wherein the output laser wavelength is 1080nm, the laser focus light spot is 4 x 2mm homogenized square light spot, and the powder feeding mode of cladding equipment is coaxial annular powder feeding; the laser cladding head is an anti-high-reflectivity cladding head, the granularity of nickel powder is 80-120 mu m, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are argon, the powder feeding gas flow is 10L/min, the protective gas flow is 15L/min, the powder feeding amount is 78g/min, the laser power is 3000W, the defocusing amount is +/-5 mm, the lap joint rate is 40%, the laser scanning speed is 500mm/min, and the thickness of the prepared ultra-pure compact nickel transition layer is 1.5mm.
Step 4, continuing laser deep melting on the surface of the bearing of the prepared ultra-pure compact small-thickness nickel transition layer to prepare a copper alloy wear-resistant layer, wherein the powder for laser cladding is ZCUSn12Ni2 copper alloy powder, the granularity of the copper alloy powder is 150-300 mu m, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are argon, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 15L/min, the flow rate of the protective gas is 20L/min, the powder feeding amount is 100g/min, the laser power is 2500W, the defocusing amount is +/-5 mm, the lap joint rate is 50%, the scanning speed is 800mm/min, and the thickness of the prepared ultra-pure compact copper alloy single-channel cladding layer is 1.5mm;
and 5, carrying out 320 ℃ annealing treatment on the bearing with the copper alloy wear-resistant layer, wherein the annealing time is 2.5h, and carrying out finish machining after annealing to keep the copper alloy cladding layer at 1mm.
The high-load sliding bearing substrate and the cladding layer have good metallurgical bonding at the interface, and have no defects such as thermal cracks, penetration cracks and the like. The copper alloy in the wear-resistant layer has uniform structure, fine grains, no defects such as air holes and the like, and the wear-resistant layer has higher density.
And detecting the performance of the prepared high-load-bearing sliding bearing cladding layer, wherein the bonding force of the cladding layer and a substrate is more than or equal to 250MPa, the density of the cladding layer is more than or equal to 99.5%, and the specific pressure of bearing load is more than or equal to 10MPa.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-load-bearing sliding bearing wear-resistant layer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing a nickel transition layer on the surface of a preheated 42CrMoA bearing substrate by utilizing a laser cladding technology through laser deep cladding, wherein the thickness of the prepared ultra-pure compact small-thickness nickel transition layer is 0.8-1.5 mm;
step 2, continuously carrying out laser deep melting on the bearing surface of the prepared ultra-pure compact nickel transition layer with small thickness to prepare a copper alloy wear-resistant layer, wherein the laser power is 2000-2500W, the defocusing amount is +/-5 mm, the lap joint rate is 40-60%, the scanning speed is 500-800 mm/min, and the thickness of the prepared ultra-pure compact copper alloy single-channel cladding layer is 1.0-1.5 mm;
and 3, carrying out 300-350 ℃ annealing treatment on the bearing with the copper alloy wear-resistant layer.
2. The method for preparing the wear-resistant layer of the high-load sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein the laser deep melting adopts an IPG6KW laser, the laser cladding head is an anti-high-reflection cladding head, the laser focus light spot is a homogenized square light spot, and the powder feeding mode is coaxial annular powder feeding.
3. The method for preparing the wear-resistant layer of the high-load sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the preheating temperature is 200-300 ℃ and the preheating time is 2-3 h.
4. The method for preparing the wear-resistant layer of the high-load-bearing sliding bearing according to claim 3, wherein in the step 1, a preheated 42CrMoA bearing substrate is subjected to laser deep melting on the surface of the bearing by using a laser cladding technology to prepare a nickel transition layer, and the adopted nickel powder has a granularity of 80-120 μm.
5. The method for preparing the wear-resistant layer of the high-load-capacity sliding bearing according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1, a preheated 42CrMoA bearing substrate is subjected to laser deep melting on the surface of the bearing by utilizing a laser cladding technology to prepare a nickel transition layer, powder feeding gas and protective gas are argon, the powder feeding gas flow is 5-10L/min, the protective gas flow is 10-15L/min, the powder feeding amount is 40-80 g/min, the laser power is 2000-3000W, the defocusing amount is +/-5 mm, the lap joint rate is 25-40%, and the laser scanning speed is 300-500 mm/min.
6. The method for preparing the wear-resistant layer of the high-load-capacity sliding bearing according to claim 5, wherein in the step 2, laser deep melting is continuously carried out on the bearing surface of the prepared ultra-pure compact nickel transition layer with small thickness to prepare the copper alloy wear-resistant layer, and the powder for laser cladding is ZCUSn12Ni2 copper alloy powder.
7. The method for preparing the wear-resistant layer of the high-load sliding bearing according to claim 6, wherein in the step 2, the granularity of the copper alloy powder is 150-300 μm, the powder feeding gas and the protective gas are argon, the flow rate of the powder feeding gas is 10-15L/min, the flow rate of the protective gas is 15-20L/min, and the powder feeding amount is 70-100 g/min.
8. The method for preparing the wear-resistant layer of the high-load-capacity sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein before preheating a 42CrMoA bearing substrate, ultrasonic flaw detection, rough turning and modulation treatment are sequentially carried out, the bearing substrate is finished to a target size, oil removal is carried out, then the bearing substrate is dried, and a non-processing surface of the bearing is shielded by using tools.
9. The method for preparing the wear-resistant layer of the high-load-bearing sliding bearing according to claim 8, wherein the drying temperature is 50-70 ℃ and the drying time is 30-60 min.
10. The method for preparing a wear-resistant layer of a high-load sliding bearing according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the annealing time is 2h-2.5h, and the finishing is performed after the annealing.
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