CN117425594A - 一种浮动制造装置和建造浮动结构的方法 - Google Patents

一种浮动制造装置和建造浮动结构的方法 Download PDF

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CN117425594A
CN117425594A CN202280038158.0A CN202280038158A CN117425594A CN 117425594 A CN117425594 A CN 117425594A CN 202280038158 A CN202280038158 A CN 202280038158A CN 117425594 A CN117425594 A CN 117425594A
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盖尔·格里姆斯鲁德
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B77/00—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/10—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of cranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/28—Barges or lighters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/28—Barges or lighters
    • B63B35/30—Barges or lighters self-discharging
    • B63B35/301—Barges or lighters self-discharging discharging by turning over part of or the whole barge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
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    • B63B35/38—Rigidly-interconnected pontoons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
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    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
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    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
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    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B43/00—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for
    • B63B43/02—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking
    • B63B43/04—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability
    • B63B43/06—Improving safety of vessels, e.g. damage control, not otherwise provided for reducing risk of capsizing or sinking by improving stability using ballast tanks
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    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B7/00—Collapsible, foldable, inflatable or like vessels
    • B63B7/02—Collapsible, foldable, inflatable or like vessels comprising only rigid parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B75/00—Building or assembling floating offshore structures, e.g. semi-submersible platforms, SPAR platforms or wind turbine platforms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B77/00—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms
    • B63B77/10—Transporting or installing offshore structures on site using buoyancy forces, e.g. using semi-submersible barges, ballasting the structure or transporting of oil-and-gas platforms specially adapted for electric power plants, e.g. wind turbines or tidal turbine generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C1/00—Dry-docking of vessels or flying-boats
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    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
    • B63C3/00—Launching or hauling-out by landborne slipways; Slipways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • F03D13/126—Offshore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • F03D13/256—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation on a floating support, i.e. floating wind motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/44—Floating buildings, stores, drilling platforms, or workshops, e.g. carrying water-oil separating devices
    • B63B2035/4433—Floating structures carrying electric power plants
    • B63B2035/446—Floating structures carrying electric power plants for converting wind energy into electric energy
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0039—Methods for placing the offshore structure
    • E02B2017/0047—Methods for placing the offshore structure using a barge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • F05B2240/932—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface which is a catamaran-like structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

一种用于建造浮动结构(15)的浮动制造装置。其包括具有连续甲板的浮动单元(1‑4)、附接至所述浮动单元(1‑4)的至少一台起重机(5、6)以及能够将所述浮动单元(1‑4)以漂浮状态系泊在水体上的系泊装置。所述浮动单元(1‑4)具有能够在第一建造位置和第二倾斜入水位置之间对浮动单元(1‑4)进行加压载和卸压载的压载舱，在第一建造位置，所述浮动单元(1‑4)漂浮且所述甲板以基本水平的位置位于水面上方，在第二倾斜入水位置，所述甲板的第一部分没入水中，所述甲板的第二部分在水面上方。还介绍了一种建造浮动结构的方法。

Description

一种浮动制造装置和建造浮动结构的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于建造诸如风力涡轮机基座的浮动结构的浮动制造装置，以及建造这种结构的方法。
背景技术
在岸上或靠近码头的地方建造浮动结构是很方便的。如果该结构建在岸上，则必须有可以将该结构吊升至水中的起重机，或者必须有在该结构建成后将该结构放入水中的滑台。
或者，该结构可以在其漂浮时建造。这可以在干船坞(dry dock)内或已建成的浮动底座结构(sub-structure)的顶上完成。如果使用干船坞，则必须有足够的尺寸来容纳该成品结构。对于大型结构，此类可用船坞的数量有限。
这些技术通常需要码头旁边有足够的水深，以允许该结构在不撞击海床的情况下入水。唯一的例外是在干船坞中建造该结构，因为可以将船坞拖至有足够水深的地方。
上述约束条件对浮动结构的建造地点造成了极大的限制。该限制随着该浮动结构的尺寸和吃水深度而增加。
因此，经常需要将该浮动结构从适合建造该结构的地点拖曳至其将被部署的地点。这个距离可能相当大。这不仅需要时间而且成本高昂。这也是有风险的，因为拖曳必须在天气好的情况下进行。最后但并非最不重要是，长距离拖曳该结构并不非常环保。尤其在建造风力涡轮机时，应该减少碳排放足迹，希望使生产尽可能环保。
对此，显而易见的解决方案是通过挖掘靠近现有码头的海床、或者通过建造码头、或者将现有码头延伸至更深的水域，以增加水深。然而，从环境角度和高昂的成本来看，这是不可取的。
现有技术参考文献包括WO2016/138088、JPS5583678和SE443962。这些均不满足本发明的要求。
因此，亟需一种新的解决方案，使得在靠近该结构部署地的现有设施处建造大型浮动结构成为可能，即使该现有设施附近的水深对于该浮动结构漂浮来说太浅。
发明内容
本发明通过后续权利要求1中限定的装置和后续权利要求11的方法解决了上述问题。从属权利要求中限定了合宜的实施例。
附图说明
图1显示了一组配有起重机的驳船(barges)被拖至该建造地点，
图2显示了在该建造地点处组装的该组驳船，
图3显示了在该组驳船上搭建的结构，
图4显示了在该组驳船顶上的该成品结构，
图5显示了即将从该组驳船入水的该结构，
图6显示了入水过程中的该结构，
图7显示了漂浮在该组驳船外的该结构，以及
图8展示了拆卸和拖走该组驳船。
具体实施方式
图1显示了被拖曳至施工地点的一组驳船1-4。该驳船可以是标准类型或是被改装为能够彼此连接的标准驳船。在该附图中显示了四艘驳船，但是根据甲板面积的大小和所需的浮力，驳船的数量可以更少或更多。
还有两个起重机5、6，它们附接在相应驳船1、4的顶上。在拖曳期间，该起重机的吊臂倚靠在相应的吊臂托架7、8中。
利用在驳船1-4之间延伸的拖缆，这些驳船可以方便地由单艘拖船9拖曳。然而，有至少两艘拖船会更安全，在该拖(tow)的每个末端各一艘。
当该驳船1-4已到达其目的地，即码头10时，该驳船并排(side by side)排列并系泊，并使得该驳船1-4的一个短边靠近码头岸边。优选地，该驳船1-4邻接该码头10。该驳船和该码头之间可以放置护舷(Fender)。该系泊可以包括在该驳船和该码头之间延伸的系缆(hawser)。
包括该驳船1-4的该浮动单元也可以系泊在距码头一定距离处或在偏僻区域中，例如海湾或峡湾内。
然后，将该驳船1-4固定地连接，例如通过焊接，以构成单个浮动单元，其中该驳船不能相对于彼此移动或弯曲。该过程也可以在该驳船系泊之前进行。
代替焊接，该驳船还可以通过附接在该驳船之间的设备牢固地连接。该连接的方式应使该驳船1-4的甲板齐平，并且没有障碍物伸出到甲板表面上方。
该驳船被布置成使得该两个起重机5、6分别位于外驳船1和4上，并且优选靠近这些驳船的外侧同时靠近内端部(即驳船1和4的靠近该码头10的端部)。对于建造较小的浮动结构，一台起重机5可能就足够了。
由于潮汐差(tidal differences)，该驳船1-4的该甲板，即该浮动单元，将会相对于该码头10处于不同高度。这可以通过改变该驳船的压载物来至少部分地补偿。然而，可以在该驳船1-4和码头10之间设置坡道(未示出)。该坡道可以是仅用于人员和小型随身携带物品的小型坡道，但也可以是汽车能通过的大型坡道。
该驳船还可以具有系泊缆绳，例如绳索或链条，一端附接至其远离码头岸边的一侧，另一端附接至放置在远离该码头岸边的海床处的锚(例如吸力锚，suction anchors)。
随着该驳船1-4被如此系泊，则可以开始该底座结构的建造。建造该底座结构的构件通过卡车或船运至该码头。这些构件通过该起重机5、6方便地吊装至该驳船1-4的甲板上。
在另一个实施例中，浮动单元可以专门建造为一种单船体或多船体结构，而不是由驳船组装而成。
图3显示了该底座结构的两个支柱11、12已经安装并由撑杆13互连。该连接通过将该撑杆的管焊接在一起方便地实现。
在图4中，第三支柱14已被安装并连接至这两个第一支柱11、12。该底座结构15现在已完成。
图5显示了入水过程的第一步。该起重机5、6的吊臂已降至该吊臂托架7、8上并固定至其上。通过让水流入该驳船1-4远端处的压载舱对该驳船进行压载。这种压载导致该驳船1-4的远端沉入水中。水流继续流入该压载舱，直到最靠近该驳船1-4的外边缘的该两个立柱12、14部分地浸没在水下，并且优选地从该驳船1-4的该甲板浮起。
当该驳船1-4达到使该底座结构15滑离该甲板并进入水中的足够倾斜度时，该底座结构与该驳船1-4之间的任何束缚均被释放。如果该底座结构在重力作用下无法滑动，也可以启动绞盘或类似装置来沿该甲板拉动该底座结构。
在图6中，该底座结构15已经几乎完全滑离该甲板，并且该最内侧的支柱11开始漂浮。
在图7中，该底座结构15在该驳船1-4之外漂浮。在距该码头岸边的这个距离处，该水深足以使该底座结构15漂浮而不接触海床。现在可以将其拖曳至附近方便的地点，以安装上部结构，如风力涡轮机。
该底座结构15入水后，通过抽出该压载舱内的水对该驳船1-4进行卸压载，以便该驳船1-4上升至甲板处于水平面内的漂浮状态。然后可以开始建造下一个底座结构。
当预计数量的底座结构如上文所述那样建造完成并入水后，该驳船1-4相互断开连接并拖走。或者，如果该驳船1-4的下一个用途是(例如在另一个地点)作为单个单元，也可以将该驳船1-4作为一个单元拖走。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于建造浮动结构的浮动建造装置，其特征在于，其包括具有连续甲板的浮动单元、附接至所述浮动单元的至少一台起重机以及能够将所述浮动单元以漂浮状态系泊在水体上的系泊装置，所述浮动单元具有能够在第一建造位置和第二倾斜入水位置之间对所述浮动单元进行加压载和卸压载的压载舱；在所述第一建造位置，所述浮动单元漂浮且所述甲板以基本水平的位置位于水面上方；在所述第二倾斜入水位置，所述甲板的第一部分没入水中，所述甲板的第二部分在水面上方。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述浮动单元由牢固地互连的多个驳船组装而成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置适于靠近码头岸边系泊，所述甲板的所述第一部分靠近所述浮动单元的远端，即背向所述码头岸边，所述甲板的所述第二部分靠近所述浮动单元的近端，即面向码头岸边。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述驳船以其长边彼此面对的方式互连。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，其包括布置在最外面的驳船的所述甲板上的两个起重机。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述驳船通过焊接彼此连接。
7.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述驳船通过附接在所述驳船之间的设备彼此连接。
8.根据权利要求3-7中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，其包括在所述码头和所述浮动单元之间延伸的坡道。
9.根据权利要求3-8中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述系泊包括将所述浮动单元附接至所述码头的系缆。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，所述系泊还包括附接在所述浮动单元与海床处的一个或多个锚之间的系泊缆绳。
11.一种建造浮动结构的方法，其特征在于以下步骤：
a.将具有连续甲板的浮动单元系泊在水体上，
b.将建造所述浮动结构的构件运至所述浮动结构，
c.将所述构件吊升至所述甲板上并将所述构件互连以搭建所述浮动结构，
d.将所述浮动单元加压载至倾斜位置，以使所述甲板的第一部分低于水面，
e.使所述已完成的浮动结构滑离所述浮动单元并进入所述水中，
f.将所述浮动单元卸压载，使所述甲板完全从水中出来。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，其还包括：
a.将多个驳船牢固地互连以形成具有连续甲板的单个浮动单元，
b.靠近码头系泊所述单元，
c.在将所述构件吊装至所述甲板上之前，将用于建造所述浮动结构的构件运至所述码头。
CN202280038158.0A 2021-05-26 2022-05-23 一种浮动制造装置和建造浮动结构的方法 Pending CN117425594A (zh)

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