CN117418884A - Dust suppression method based on tailing pond fiber composite coverage system - Google Patents
Dust suppression method based on tailing pond fiber composite coverage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117418884A CN117418884A CN202311566752.XA CN202311566752A CN117418884A CN 117418884 A CN117418884 A CN 117418884A CN 202311566752 A CN202311566752 A CN 202311566752A CN 117418884 A CN117418884 A CN 117418884A
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006136 alcoholysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/02—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
- E21F5/06—Fluids used for spraying
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of dust suppression, in particular to a dust suppression method based on a tailing pond fiber composite coverage system, which aims to solve the problem that in the background art, a test block is broken in actual application to influence the actual application effect by adopting a liquid dust suppressant. The method comprises the following steps: the first step: and measuring the dust pick-up of the tailings with a certain area in a wind tunnel at a certain wind speed for a certain time. The invention uses wood fiber as filling material to enhance the anti-cracking effect of dust suppressant, avoids the breaking of test blocks when the liquid dust suppressant is used, suppresses most of tail sand dust generation, and has good wind erosion resistance, water erosion resistance and freeze thawing resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dust suppression, in particular to a dust suppression method based on a tailing pond fiber composite coverage system.
Background
At present, related patents of dust suppression of tailing ponds mainly focus on dust suppression devices and dust suppression materials, mainly comprise wet dust suppression devices, and the dust suppression materials mainly comprise high-molecular dust suppression materials.
The prior art comprises the following steps:
(1) a dust suppression liquid for tailing pond and a dust suppression construction method (publication number: 109621592A). The invention relates to the technical field of mine tailing pond management, in particular to a tailing pond dust suppression liquid. The tailing liquid, sand grains and biomass fiber materials are mixed according to the weight ratio of 100: (3-10): (1-10).
(2) The invention discloses a polymer material (publication number: 103772534B) for fixing sand, soil and dust, which is prepared by the following steps: 30 to 50 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol are added per 1000 parts by weight of water.
(3) A rainproof and anti-cracking dust suppressant (publication No. 109321207A). At present, most dust suppressants are sprayed with the dust suppressant to wet or bond dust on the surface of a dust source to realize dust suppression, and the comprehensive performance is poor. The dust suppressant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of completely alcoholysis high polymerization degree polyvinyl alcohol, 0.01-1 part of gel, 10-30 parts of inorganic filler, 1-6 parts of plant fiber, 0.1-1 part of foaming agent, 1-5 parts of pigment and 40-80 parts of water.
The main components of the existing high molecular dust suppressant can be known to comprise three main types: the film forming agent is a high molecular material, generally an organic cross-linked polymer, the polar groups of the film forming agent can adsorb various substances to form hydrogen bonds, the adsorbed particles form bridging, and one high polymer can adsorb a plurality of particles. The degree of crosslinking between the polymer molecules will form a network. After the storage yard dust suppressant is added into water, the specific surface area of water mist can be increased, the probability of capturing fine particles in dust is improved, the dust is quickly adhered to large particles, and a semi-permanent, rainproof and waterproof polymer protective shell similar to a protective film is formed on the surface of storage yard muck, so that wind erosion is reduced, and atmospheric oxidation is prevented. Thus, the main classes of film formers are: high water absorption resin polyacrylamide PAM, high polymerization degree polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
And (3) filling: the filler is generally composed of starch substances and plays roles of increasing the viscosity of a film forming agent solution and filling consolidation in the dust suppressant.
And (2) a surfactant: because the two materials of the film forming agent and the filler contained in the dust suppressant solution have a certain degree of viscosity, the formed solution is very viscous, meanwhile, because the granularity of a tailing sample is small, the phenomenon that the tailing is rolled up by the dust suppressant dripping liquid easily occurs when the dust suppressant solution is sprayed on the surface of the dust suppressant solution, the film forming crust on the surface of the tailing is influenced, and the penetration of the surface of the tailing can be enhanced by adding the surfactant, so that the surface tension of the dust suppressant solution is reduced.
The fiber medium materials widely used at present are optimally integrated, so that the curing time, the strength of a formed polymer and the dosage of the polymer in the combining process of different polymers and tailings can be known, and the phenomenon of test block rupture in the practical application is influenced by adopting the liquid dust suppressant. Therefore, the scheme increases the wood fiber as the filler and enhances the cracking resistance of the dust suppressant block.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dust suppression method based on a tailing pond fiber composite covering system, which aims to solve the problem that the practical application effect is affected due to the fact that a test block is broken in practical application by adopting a liquid dust suppressant in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a dust suppression method based on a tailing pond fiber composite cover system comprises the following steps:
the first step: measuring dust pick-up of tailings with a certain area in a wind tunnel at a certain wind speed for a certain time;
and a second step of: putting a certain amount of tailings into a culture dish, uniformly spraying dust suppressants with different concentrations and types prepared in advance on the surfaces of the tailings, and setting a group of blank control;
and a third step of: naturally curing the experimental tailings until the sample is completely dried;
fourth step: carrying out blowing tests on the wind tunnel according to different wind speeds;
fifth step: according to the relation between the blowing wind speed and the loss amount of the sample, calculating the dust suppression rate of the sample, selecting the optimal proportioning concentration of the dust suppressant, carrying out proceeding metering weighing according to the proportioning of the optimal solidified dust suppressant, stirring and mixing the selected materials, spraying the mixed materials on tailings, and maintaining the tailings.
Sixth step: immersing the naturally maintained test block in a water tank with the water temperature of 20 ℃ for 4 hours after one week, taking out the test block, and putting the test block into a refrigerator with the temperature of minus 15 ℃ to minus 18 ℃ in advance;
seventh step: when the temperature of the refrigerator is reduced to minus 15 to minus 18 ℃ again, starting timing, keeping constant temperature for 4 hours, taking out and putting into a water tank with the temperature of 20 ℃ for melting for 4 hours, and taking the water tank as one cycle. After 8 times of freezing and thawing cycles, whether the freezing and thawing phenomena such as layering, cracking and cracking occur or not is observed;
eighth step: and soaking the naturally maintained test block in water for 5 days after one week, and observing whether the test block is deformed.
Preferably, the formula of the dust pick-up in the first step is:
wherein: q: dust collection amount per unit area and unit time; m0: the initial mass of tailings; m1: the final quality of tailings; t: dust-forming time of wind tunnel tailings; s: surface area of tailings.
Preferably, the wind speed in the first step is set to 2m/s, 3m/s, 4m/s, 4.5m/s, 5m/s, 5.5m/s, 6m/s, 7m/s, 8m/s, 9m/s and 10 wind speed steps.
Preferably, the sample dust suppression rate formula in the fifth step is:
wherein: w1 is the mass of the original tailings and w2 is the mass of the remaining tailings.
Preferably, the concentration of the dust suppressant in the second step is preferably a mixed solution of the optimal dust suppression rate of 5% high-polymerization-degree polyvinyl alcohol, 25g/L wood fiber, 0.5% concentration of the dust suppressant and the economical concentration of 2% high-polymerization-degree polyvinyl alcohol, 25g/L wood fiber and 0.5% binder.
Preferably, the time of natural curing in the third step is at least 7 days, and the experimental block is soaked in water after natural curing.
Preferably, the dust suppressant in the fifth step is made of polyvinyl alcohol with high polymerization degree, wood fiber and adhesive.
Preferably, the waste water generated by spraying in the fifth step can be collected and then used for stirring and mixing the prepared solidified dust suppression agent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the dust suppression method based on the tailing pond fiber composite cover system, the fiber medium materials widely applied at present are optimally integrated, the curing time, the strength of formed polymers and the dosage of the polymers in the combining process of different polymers and tailings are observed and researched through an outdoor test, the optimal dust suppression effect can be achieved through 5% high-polymerization-degree polyvinyl alcohol, 25g/L wood fiber and 0.5% concentration dust suppressant, and the dust suppression effect can be kept through a 2% high-polymerization-degree polyvinyl alcohol, 25g/L wood fiber and 0.5% adhesive mixed solution, meanwhile, the dust suppression cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a chart showing experimental loss of tailings under different conditions of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the curing dust suppression of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one: referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a dust suppression method based on a tailing pond fiber composite cover system, comprising:
the first step: measuring dust pick-up of tailings with a certain area in a wind tunnel at a certain wind speed for a certain time; dust amount calculation formula:
wherein: q: dust collection amount per unit area and unit time; m0: the initial mass of tailings; m1: the final quality of tailings; t: dust-forming time of wind tunnel tailings; s: surface area of tailings.
And a second step of: putting a certain amount of tailings into a culture dish, uniformly spraying dust suppressants with different concentrations and types prepared in advance on the surfaces of the tailings, and setting a group of blank control;
and a third step of: naturally curing the experimental tailings for at least 7 days until the sample is completely dried, and soaking the experimental blocks in water after the natural curing is completely dried;
fourth step: carrying out blowing tests on the wind tunnel according to different wind speeds;
dust suppression ratio of the as-received sample:
wherein: w1 is the mass of the original tailings, w2 is the mass of the residual tailings, the wind speed of a blowing test is 2min, and the optimal proportioning concentration is selected according to the relation between the wind speed of the test sample and the loss.
Fifth step: the optimal dust suppressant proportioning concentration is selected according to the relation between the blowing wind speed and the loss amount of the sample, the optimal solidified dust suppressant proportioning is measured and weighed, then the selected materials are stirred and mixed, the mixed materials are sprayed on tailings, and then the tailings are maintained.
Preparing an in-situ curing dust suppression agent by using an optimal dust suppression agent ratio, stirring the in-situ curing dust suppression agent after the weight of the in-situ curing dust suppression agent is calculated, spraying the in-situ curing dust suppression agent on the tailings after stirring, maintaining the tailings, and collecting waste water generated by spraying and stirring the in-situ curing dust suppression agent.
Sixth step: immersing the naturally maintained test block in a water tank with the water temperature of 20 ℃ for 4 hours after one week, taking out the test block, and putting the test block into a refrigerator with the temperature of minus 15 ℃ to minus 18 ℃ in advance;
seventh step: when the temperature of the refrigerator is reduced to minus 15 to minus 18 ℃ again, starting timing, keeping constant temperature for 4 hours, taking out and putting into a water tank with the temperature of 20 ℃ for melting for 4 hours, and taking the water tank as one cycle. After 8 times of freezing and thawing cycles, whether the freezing and thawing phenomena such as layering, cracking and cracking occur or not is observed;
eighth step: and soaking the naturally maintained test block in water for 5 days after one week, and observing whether the test block is deformed.
Embodiment two: dividing the tailings sample into fine particle concentrated forms with the particle size of 10-300 mu m, and dividing coarse particles with the particle size of more than 300 mu m into coarse particle concentrated forms;
wind erosion resistance test: and (3) putting a certain amount of tailings into a culture dish, uniformly spraying the dust suppressants with different concentrations and types prepared in advance on the surfaces of the tailings, and setting a group of blank control. And naturally curing for one week at normal temperature after spraying is finished, and completely drying the sample. And weighing the naturally maintained sample after one week, and then placing the sample into a wind tunnel, and performing a blowing test in the wind tunnel according to different wind speeds, wherein the mass of the original tailings is w1. And blowing at each wind speed for 2min, wherein the mass of the residual tailings is w2, and then weighing and recording, wherein w1/w2 is the dust suppression efficiency. And selecting the optimal proportioning concentration according to the relation between the blowing wind speed and the loss amount of the sample.
Freezing test-low temperature test: a certain amount of tailings are taken and put into a culture dish, pre-prepared polyvinyl alcohol with high polymerization degree of 2 percent, 25g/L wood fiber and 0.5 percent of adhesive dust suppressant are uniformly sprayed on the surface of the tailings, and a group of blank control is arranged. And naturally curing for one week at normal temperature after spraying is finished, and completely drying the sample. Immersing the naturally maintained test block into a water tank with the water temperature of 20 ℃ for 4 hours, taking out the test block, putting the test block into a refrigerator which is cooled to-15 to-18 ℃ in advance, starting timing when the temperature of the refrigerator is reduced to-15 to-18 ℃ again, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, taking out the test block and putting the test block into the water tank with the water temperature of 20 ℃ for 4 hours, and taking the test block out as a cycle. After 8 times of freezing and thawing cycles, the phenomenon of freezing and thawing such as layering, cracking and cracking is observed.
After 8 times of freeze thawing tests, the appearance of the sample sprayed with the crusting agent (the lowest temperature is-15 ℃) is not obviously damaged, but a layer of tailing with the thickness of about 0.9mm is peeled off from the surface, and the new peeled surface still has the crusting effect and can inhibit most of the tailing from dusting.
Water immersion test results: a certain amount of tailings are taken and put into a culture dish, and a pre-prepared polyvinyl alcohol with a high polymerization degree of 2 percent, 25g/L wood fiber and 0.5 percent adhesive crusting agent are uniformly sprayed on the surface of the tailings, and a group of blank control is arranged. And naturally curing for one week at normal temperature after spraying is finished, and completely drying the sample. Soaking the naturally maintained test block in water for 5 days after one week, and observing whether the test block is deformed.
The samples sprayed with the crust agents with different proportioning schemes are placed in the water tank, small bubbles overflow, the crust surface is destroyed at the place where the small bubbles overflow, the main reason is that gaps among the dry tailings are filled with water, so that air moves upwards, and trace tailings are separated from the surface after the samples are soaked in the water tank for a week, but the new surface still has the crust effect.
To sum up: according to the optimal dust suppression scheme, 5% of high-polymerization-degree polyvinyl alcohol, 25g/L of wood fiber and 0.5% of adhesive have small tailing loss under strong wind, and the dust suppression effect is obvious; the freezing resistance and the water resistance of each proportioning scheme are strong, and the water accumulation on the surface of the tailings is not influenced. The economical scheme, the proportioning scheme of the mixed solution of 2% high-polymerization-degree polyvinyl alcohol and 25g/L wood fiber and 0.5% adhesive is the most reasonable selection scheme, and meanwhile, the index that the dust suppression rate of tailings is not lower than 98% can be achieved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The dust suppression method based on the tailing pond fiber composite cover system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the first step: measuring dust pick-up of tailings with a certain area in a wind tunnel at a certain wind speed for a certain time;
and a second step of: putting a certain amount of tailings into a culture dish, uniformly spraying dust suppressants with different concentrations and types prepared in advance on the surfaces of the tailings, and setting a group of blank control;
and a third step of: naturally curing the experimental tailings until the sample is completely dried;
fourth step: carrying out blowing tests on the wind tunnel according to different wind speeds;
fifth step: calculating the dust suppression rate of a sample and selecting the optimal proportioning concentration of the dust suppressant according to the relation between the air blowing speed and the loss amount of the sample, metering and weighing according to the optimal proportioning of the solidified dust suppressant, stirring and mixing the selected materials, spraying the mixed materials on tailings, and maintaining the tailings;
sixth step: immersing the naturally maintained test block in the refrigerator after one week, taking out the test block after immersing, and putting the test block into the refrigerator for cooling in advance;
seventh step: when the temperature of the refrigerator is reduced to minus 15-18 ℃ again, starting timing, keeping constant temperature for 4 hours, taking out and putting the refrigerator into a water tank for thawing for 4 hours, taking the refrigerator as a cycle, observing whether the refrigerator has frozen phenomena such as layering, cracking and the like after repeated cycles of freeze thawing;
eighth step: and soaking the naturally maintained test block in water for 5 days after one week, and observing whether the test block is deformed.
2. The dust suppression method based on the tailing pond fiber composite cover system according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the dust pick-up in the first step is as follows:
wherein: q: dust collection amount per unit area and unit time; m0: the initial mass of tailings; m1: the final quality of tailings; t: dust-forming time of wind tunnel tailings; s: surface area of tailings.
3. The dust suppression method based on the tailing pond fiber composite cover system according to claim 1, wherein the wind speed in the first step is set to 2m/s, 3m/s, 4m/s, 4.5m/s, 5m/s, 5.5m/s, 6m/s, 7m/s, 8m/s and 9m/s by 10 wind speed steps.
4. The dust suppression method based on the tailing pond fiber composite cover system according to claim 1, wherein the sample dust suppression rate formula in the fifth step is as follows:
wherein: w1 is the mass of the original tailings and w2 is the mass of the remaining tailings.
5. A dust suppression method based on a tailing pond fiber composite cover system according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the dust suppressant in the second step is preferably a mixed solution of an optimal dust suppression rate of 5% high polymerization degree polyvinyl alcohol +25g/L wood fiber +0.5% concentration dust suppressant and an economical concentration of 2% high polymerization degree polyvinyl alcohol +25g/L wood fiber +0.5% binder.
6. The dust suppression method based on a tailing pond fiber composite cover system according to claim 1, wherein the time of natural curing in the third step is at least 7 days, and the experimental block is soaked in water after natural curing.
7. The dust suppression method based on the tailing pond fiber composite cover system according to claim 1, wherein the dust suppressant in the fifth step is made of polyvinyl alcohol with high polymerization degree, wood fiber and adhesive.
8. The dust suppression method based on a tailing pond fiber composite cover system according to claim 1, wherein the waste water generated by spraying in the fifth step can be collected and then used for stirring and mixing the prepared solidified dust suppression agent.
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