CN111909660A - Soil surface moisturizing and dust suppression agent and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil surface moisturizing and dust suppression agent and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of dust depressants, and discloses a soil surface moisturizing dust depressor and a preparation method thereof. The soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant comprises, by weight, 15-25 parts of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 8-15 parts of cardanol sulfonate, 8-18 parts of a double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 10-20 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 20-30 parts of water, 4-6 parts of a cross-linking agent and 0.2-0.3 part of chitosanase. The dust suppressant overcomes the defects of the prior art, does not need to add algae and sodium alginate, uses the diether type crown ether crosslinked chitosan to replace chitosan, additionally adds the cardanol sulfonate and the sodium lignosulfonate, does not need to add metal oxide and inhale harmful isocyanate after spray drying, and has excellent water retention and weather resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of dust depressants, in particular to a soil surface moisturizing dust depressor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The influence of dust pollution on urban air quality is great, and the dust pollution is the primary factor of most urban air pollution. Dust can be divided into two types according to particle size: large diameter called dustfall, weight-to-weight easy to settle, small diameter called fly ash, which floats in air as an aerosol for a long period of time and is invisible to the naked eye. In addition, the dust may contain a plurality of heavy metals, and the fly ash can adsorb various toxic substances, wherein some of the toxic substances are carcinogenic substances.
The general measures for preventing and controlling dust pollution at home and abroad mainly include sprinkling water for inhibiting dust, covering a mat for inhibiting dust, arranging a wind-shield wall for inhibiting dust, building a closed structure, chemically inhibiting dust and the like. The chemical dust suppression mainly depends on a dust suppression agent, the ecological high-efficiency dust suppression agent is formed by combining novel multifunctional high-molecular polymers, cross-linking molecules in the polymers form a net structure, various ionic groups are arranged among the molecules, strong affinity is generated between the polymers and ions due to high charge density, the particles of dust can be rapidly captured and firmly adsorbed through coagulation, bonding and other actions, and the particles of dust can be solidified into a film on the surface of the dust after being dried, so that the ecological high-efficiency dust suppression agent has strong dust suppression and dust prevention effects.
The existing dust suppressant can be roughly divided into a wetting type, a caking property, a moisture absorption and retention type and a multifunctional composite type. In the prior art, CN 107746701-a preparation method of a special dust suppressant for soil surface discloses a preparation method of the special dust suppressant for soil surface, the dust suppressant prepared by the method is a moisture absorption and retention type dust suppressant prepared by wrapping algae in a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, chitosan and sodium alginate, and has excellent water retention, water stability and wind erosion resistance. However, the preparation method of the dust suppressant is complex, isocyanate which is harmful to inhalation and harsh in storage condition needs to be added after the coated microcapsule is prepared, metal oxide needs to be added, the algal toxin which is a metabolite of algae is gradually ineffective through photocatalysis of the metal oxide, otherwise, the algal toxin in the dust suppressant can cause damage to plants or human bodies in the later period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a soil surface moisture-retention dust suppressant and a preparation method thereof in order to overcome the defects of the background technology. The dust suppressant overcomes the defects of the prior art, does not need to add algae and sodium alginate, uses the diether type crown ether crosslinked chitosan to replace chitosan, additionally adds the cardanol sulfonate and the sodium lignosulfonate, does not need to add metal oxide and inhale harmful isocyanate after spray drying, and has excellent water retention and weather resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the soil surface moisturizing and dust suppressing agent comprises, by weight, 15-25 parts of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 8-15 parts of cardanol sulfonate, 8-18 parts of a diether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 10-20 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 20-30 parts of water, 4-6 parts of a cross-linking agent and 0.2-0.3 part of chitosanase.
The diether type crown ether crosslinked chitosan is of a net structure, a dibenzo 18-crown-6 crown ether unit is embedded in the net structure, the complexing and adsorbing performance is enhanced compared with that of corresponding low-molecular crown ether and common crosslinked chitosan, and the preparation method can refer to synthesis of diether type chitosan crown ether polymers (national tenth society of macrocyclic chemistry and second discussion of supramolecular chemistry) published in 2000 of the chemical and environmental science academy of Wuhan university, Li, Wang Yu court and the like.
Cardanol is an active single-component phenol extracted from cashew nut shell liquid, has the activity of petroleum phenol, is a biomass raw material of monohydroxy phenol with a long hydrogen-containing carbon chain at the middle position, has the advantages of wide source, reproducibility, low toxicity and biodegradability, and the cardanol sulfonate surfactant developed by replacing the petroleum phenol with the cardanol is called as a green surfactant.
In the invention, the cardanol sulfonate is one of cardanol calcium sulfonate, cardanol sodium sulfonate, cardanol potassium sulfonate and cardanol magnesium sulfonate.
Sodium lignosulfonate is an anionic surfactant with excellent performance, can be used as a dispersing agent, and can also be used as a wetting agent, a complexing agent and a fertilizer enhancer. In the invention, the sodium lignosulfonate is used in the soil surface moisture-retaining dust suppressant, so that the moisture retention of the dust suppressant can be enhanced, and the soil fertility can be increased. In addition, the sodium lignosulfonate has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness and the like.
Further, the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 70-1: 120, heating, stirring and dissolving after mixing and swelling; preferably, the heating, stirring and dissolving is carried out for 40-55min at the temperature of 90-105 ℃ and the rotation speed of 300-800 r/min.
Further, the aqueous solution of the double-ether crown ether cross-linked chitosan is prepared by mixing the double-ether crown ether cross-linked chitosan and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 60-1: 120, heating, stirring and dissolving after mixing and swelling; preferably, the heating, stirring and dissolving is carried out for 45-60min under the conditions that the temperature is 95-110 ℃ and the rotating speed is 400-800 r/min.
Further, the cross-linking agent is selected from one of glycerol glycidyl ether, glutaraldehyde, acetic anhydride or ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
In another aspect, the invention further provides a preparation method of the soil surface moisturizing and dust suppressing agent, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 15-25 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 8-15 parts by weight of cardanol sulfonate, 8-18 parts by weight of a double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 10-20 parts by weight of sodium lignosulfonate, 20-30 parts by weight of water, 4-6 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent and 0.2-0.3 part by weight of chitosanase, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a dispersion liquid;
(2) and (3) spray drying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) to obtain the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant.
Further, the spray drying condition in the step (2) is that the temperature is 40-50 ℃, and the feeding rate is 10-25 g/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) most of the raw materials of the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant have the advantages of wide sources, renewability, low/no toxicity and biodegradability, and are environment-friendly and economical;
(2) the sodium lignosulfonate used in the invention is an anionic surfactant with excellent performance, and replaces sodium alginate and a surfactant in the preparation method of a special soil surface dust suppressant in the prior patent CN107746701, so that the sodium lignosulfonate not only plays a role of a dispersing agent, but also can be used as a wetting agent and a fertility intensifier, can enhance moisture retention when used in a soil surface moisture retention dust suppressant, and can increase soil fertility;
(3) the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant disclosed by the invention is added with the diether crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, so that the defect that algae needs to be added and then metal oxide is added to make algal toxin ineffective in the preparation method of the soil surface special dust suppressant in the prior patent technology CN107746701 is overcome, and part of harmful heavy metal substances in soil can be adsorbed;
(4) the soil surface moisture-retention dust suppressant has strong moisture retention property and excellent water retention property and wind erosion resistance.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
It is to be understood that the following description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The technical features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant comprises 15 parts of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 8 parts of cardanol sodium sulfonate, 8 parts of a double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 10 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 20 parts of water, 4 parts of glycerol glycidyl ether and 0.2 part of chitosanase, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 15 parts of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 8 parts of cardanol sodium sulfonate, 8 parts of a double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 10 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 20 parts of water, 4 parts of glycerol glycidyl ether and 0.2 part of chitosanase in parts by weight, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a dispersion liquid;
(2) and (2) spray drying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) to obtain the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant, wherein the spray drying condition is that the temperature is 45 ℃ and the feeding rate is 15 g/min.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 100, heating, stirring and dissolving for 45min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 600 r/min.
The aqueous solution of the double-ether crown ether crosslinked chitosan is prepared by mixing the double-ether crown ether crosslinked chitosan and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 110, and heating, stirring and dissolving for 55min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 700 r/min.
Example 2
A soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant comprises 25 parts of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 15 parts of cardanol sodium sulfonate, 18 parts of a double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 20 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 30 parts of water, 6 parts of acetic anhydride and 0.3 part of chitosanase, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 25 parts of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 15 parts of cardanol sodium sulfonate, 18 parts of a double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 20 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 30 parts of water, 6 parts of acetic anhydride and 0.3 part of chitosanase in parts by weight, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a dispersion liquid;
(2) and (2) spray drying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) to obtain the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant, wherein the spray drying condition is that the temperature is 45 ℃ and the feeding rate is 15 g/min.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 100, heating, stirring and dissolving for 45min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 600 r/min.
The aqueous solution of the double-ether crown ether crosslinked chitosan is prepared by mixing the double-ether crown ether crosslinked chitosan and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 110, and heating, stirring and dissolving for 55min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 700 r/min.
Example 3
A soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant comprises 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 10 parts of cardanol sodium sulfonate, 13 parts of double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 15 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, 25 parts of water, 5 parts of glutaraldehyde and 0.25 part of chitosanase, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 10 parts of cardanol sodium sulfonate, 13 parts of double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 15 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 25 parts of water, 5 parts of glutaraldehyde and 0.25 part of chitosanase in parts by weight, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain dispersion liquid;
(2) and (2) spray drying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) to obtain the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant, wherein the spray drying condition is that the temperature is 45 ℃ and the feeding rate is 15 g/min.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 100, heating, stirring and dissolving for 45min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 600 r/min.
The aqueous solution of the double-ether crown ether crosslinked chitosan is prepared by mixing the double-ether crown ether crosslinked chitosan and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 110, and heating, stirring and dissolving for 55min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 700 r/min.
Comparative example 1
A soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant comprises 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 13 parts of chitosan aqueous solution, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol, 25 parts of water, 5 parts of glutaraldehyde and 0.25 part of chitosanase, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 13 parts of chitosan aqueous solution, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol, 25 parts of water, 5 parts of glutaraldehyde and 0.25 part of chitosan enzyme in parts by weight, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain dispersion;
(2) and (2) spray drying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) to obtain the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant, wherein the spray drying condition is that the temperature is 45 ℃ and the feeding rate is 15 g/min.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 100, heating, stirring and dissolving for 45min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 600 r/min.
The chitosan aqueous solution is prepared by mixing chitosan and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 110, and heating, stirring and dissolving for 55min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 700 r/min.
Comparative example 2
A soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant comprises 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 13 parts of diether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol, 25 parts of water, 5 parts of glutaraldehyde and 0.25 part of chitosanase, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 13 parts of double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol, 25 parts of water, 5 parts of glutaraldehyde and 0.25 part of chitosan enzyme in parts by weight, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain dispersion liquid;
(2) and (2) spray drying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) to obtain the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant, wherein the spray drying condition is that the temperature is 45 ℃ and the feeding rate is 15 g/min.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 100, heating, stirring and dissolving for 45min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 600 r/min.
The aqueous solution of the double-ether crown ether crosslinked chitosan is prepared by mixing the double-ether crown ether crosslinked chitosan and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 110, and heating, stirring and dissolving for 55min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 700 r/min.
Comparative example 3
A soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant comprises 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 10 parts of cardanol sodium sulfonate, 13 parts of chitosan aqueous solution, 15 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 25 parts of water, 5 parts of glutaraldehyde and 0.25 part of chitosanase, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 10 parts of cardanol sodium sulfonate, 13 parts of chitosan aqueous solution, 15 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 25 parts of water, 5 parts of glutaraldehyde and 0.25 part of chitosanase in parts by weight, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain dispersion liquid;
(2) and (2) spray drying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) to obtain the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant, wherein the spray drying condition is that the temperature is 45 ℃ and the feeding rate is 15 g/min.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 100, heating, stirring and dissolving for 45min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 600 r/min.
The chitosan aqueous solution is prepared by mixing chitosan and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 110, and heating, stirring and dissolving for 55min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 700 r/min.
Comparative example 4
A soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant comprises 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 10 parts of cardanol sodium sulfonate, 13 parts of double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 15 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of water, 5 parts of glutaraldehyde and 0.25 part of chitosanase, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing 20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 10 parts of cardanol sodium sulfonate, 13 parts of double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 15 parts of sodium alginate, 25 parts of water, 5 parts of glutaraldehyde and 0.25 part of chitosan enzyme in parts by weight, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain dispersion liquid;
(2) and (2) spray drying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) to obtain the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant, wherein the spray drying condition is that the temperature is 45 ℃ and the feeding rate is 15 g/min.
The polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 100, heating, stirring and dissolving for 45min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 600 r/min.
The aqueous solution of the double-ether crown ether crosslinked chitosan is prepared by mixing the double-ether crown ether crosslinked chitosan and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 110, and heating, stirring and dissolving for 55min at the temperature of 100 ℃ and the rotating speed of 700 r/min.
Effects of the embodiment
The dust suppressant prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention and comparative examples 1 to 4 and water were mixed in a volume ratio of 1: 5, uniformly mixing, putting into a sprayer, and carrying out performance detection, wherein the specific performance detection method is basically the same as the prior patent technology CN107746701, and the detection results are shown in Table 1.
Testing the water retention: placing 25g of soil sample sieved by a 60-mesh sieve in a glass culture dish with the diameter of phi 90mm according to the proportion of 2.0L/m2The dust suppressant filled into the sprayer is sprayed on the surface of a sample respectively, the sample is evaporated at 25 ℃, the mass is weighed once after 30 hours, and the water content of a bonding layer is calculated.
And (3) testing the water stability: naturally drying the sample sprayed with the dust suppressant, and then drying the sample on the surface of the bonding layer according to the volume ratio of 3.0 mL/(m)2S) is sprayed with rainwater, rainfall is simulated, the solution is taken out after being soaked for 2h, air-dried under natural conditions and repeated for 4 times, and the mass loss rate after erosion is respectively calculated.
And (3) testing the wind erosion resistance: spreading the soil sample on 22cm × 32cm in a sand table, the dust suppressant is added according to the proportion of 2.0L/m2The dosage of the water-based organic fertilizer is respectively sprayed on the surface of the soil sample, and the soil sample is air-dried to form a solidification layer. And respectively placing the sand table in an NK-1 movable wind erosion wind tunnel test section for wind erosion test, wherein the height of the sand table from the ground is 5cm, the distance of the sand table from a sand inlet of a sand collector is 10cm, the blowing angle is 0 degree, intermittent blowing is performed, the blowing wind speed is 15m/s, the blowing is performed for 5min, and the soil particle loss is calculated.
TABLE 1 dust suppressant Performance test results of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only exemplary of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, which is intended to cover any variations, equivalents, or improvements therein, which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant is characterized by comprising, by weight, 15-25 parts of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 8-15 parts of cardanol sulfonate, 8-18 parts of a diether type crown ether crosslinking chitosan aqueous solution, 10-20 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 20-30 parts of water, 4-6 parts of a crosslinking agent and 0.2-0.3 part of chitosanase.
2. The soil surface moisturizing and dust suppressing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cardanol sulfonate is one of calcium cardanol sulfonate, sodium cardanol sulfonate, potassium cardanol sulfonate and magnesium cardanol sulfonate.
3. The soil surface moisture and dust suppressant according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol is prepared by mixing polyvinyl alcohol and water in a mass ratio of 1: 70-1: 120, and heating, stirring and dissolving the mixture.
4. The soil surface moisture-retaining dust suppressant according to claim 3, wherein the heating, stirring and dissolving is performed at a temperature of 90-105 ℃ and a rotation speed of 300-800r/min for 40-55 min.
5. The soil surface moisturizing and dust suppressing agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution of the diether crown ether crosslinked chitosan is prepared by mixing diether crown ether crosslinked chitosan and water in a mass ratio of 1: 60-1: 120, and heating, stirring and dissolving the mixture.
6. The soil surface moisture-retaining dust suppressant according to claim 5, wherein the heating, stirring and dissolving is performed at a temperature of 95-110 ℃ and a rotation speed of 400-800r/min for 45-60 min.
7. The soil surface moisturizing and dust suppressing agent of claim 1, wherein the cross-linking agent is selected from one of glycerol glycidyl ether, glutaraldehyde, acetic anhydride, or ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
8. The method for preparing the soil surface moisture and dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) mixing 15-25 parts by weight of a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution, 8-15 parts by weight of cardanol sulfonate, 8-18 parts by weight of a double-ether type crown ether cross-linked chitosan aqueous solution, 10-20 parts by weight of sodium lignosulfonate, 20-30 parts by weight of water, 4-6 parts by weight of a cross-linking agent and 0.2-0.3 part by weight of chitosanase, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a dispersion liquid;
(2) and (3) spray drying the dispersion liquid obtained in the step (1) to obtain the soil surface moisturizing dust suppressant.
9. The method for preparing the soil surface moisture-retaining dust suppressant according to claim 8, wherein the spray drying in the step (2) is carried out at a temperature of 40-50 ℃ and at a feed rate of 10-25 g/min.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114836174A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method and application of dust suppressant with photocatalytic degradation function |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114836174A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-02 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method and application of dust suppressant with photocatalytic degradation function |
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