CN117408592B

CN117408592B - Block chain-based multi-mode intermodal one-system logistics tracing method and system

Info

Publication number: CN117408592B
Application number: CN202311714278.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴俊峰; 方晓宇
Original assignee: Shanghai Wenjing Information Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Wenjing Information Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-12-14
Filing date: 2023-12-14
Publication date: 2024-04-09
Anticipated expiration: 2043-12-14
Also published as: CN117408592A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of multi-mode intermodal transportation, and provides a block chain-based multi-mode intermodal transportation-single-system logistics tracing method and system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1: receiving a freight demand and an original document, generating a freight order, disassembling the freight order to generate a logistics service order, and uploading the freight demand and the original document to a blockchain for storage; s2: after receiving the logistics service order, the logistics service unit performs business handling associated with the current logistics service unit, and verifies by inquiring the freight demand and the original document stored in the blockchain; s3: the logistics service unit is used for storing the generated service data and service documents in the block chain in the corresponding service execution process; s4: the client tracks the whole-course data and verifies the data through the blockchain query logistics. The block chain is utilized to store the multi-mode intermodal data, so that the privacy and the safety of the multi-mode intermodal data are protected, and the rights and interests of a data sharing person are protected.

Description

Block chain-based multi-mode intermodal one-system logistics tracing method and system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of multi-mode intermodal transportation, in particular to a multi-mode intermodal transportation-single-system logistics tracing method and system based on a block chain.

Background

At present, a multi-mode intermodal one-system logistics service needs to decompose freight requirements into a plurality of logistics service providers or value-added service providers, a certain data island problem exists among the service providers, the data of each service provider is relatively independent, and the data to be shared cannot be verified to be true and reliable to a certain extent.

As shown in fig. 1, in the conventional multi-modal one-system logistics service, a plurality of service businesses related to a cargo transportation service are cooperated through the multi-modal one-system logistics service to provide an aggregate sharing data sharing mode, and each data exchanger is linked through a platform aggregate data center API.

From the surface, in the aggregate sharing mode, the data is managed by the owner, and the data exchange center is not responsible for managing the data, but only for linking the supply and demand parties and facilitating the exchange. However, through in-depth analysis of data circulation, it is not difficult to find that all data being transacted are re-circulated through the center in the data exchange process, the center can completely backup and save the exchanged data, and as new transactions occur continuously, the data exchange center can precipitate a large amount of data, and the aggregate data sharing mode still belongs to data centralization.

There are some problems:

(1) Data sharing is based on rough type

The data sharing is not controlled finely, so that the current data sharing is mainly based on the original data, and the value of the data asset cannot be fully reflected.

(2) Data asset quality is difficult to guarantee

At present, most of transaction platforms adopt an identity authentication mode, only the identity attribute of the transaction platform is confirmed, relevant limits and requirements on enterprise assets and qualification are lacked, and the confirmation of data asset sources and data asset quality is also not carried out.

(3) Not paying attention to data privacy

Both the information of both the data provider and the user and the shared data are easily compromised, which can cause unnecessary loss to both parties to the transaction.

(4) Insufficient data freshness and data falsification

In the multi-modal logistics service, the requirements on financial data and logistics data are very vigorous, but most enterprises still do not want to share own data in order to avoid risks, and even if the data are shared, historical data which are long before are taken out, the freshness of the traded data is insufficient to meet the market requirements. Furthermore, under the driving of benefits, the true reliability of data is questioned.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a blockchain-based multi-system intermodal one-system logistics tracing method and a blockchain-based multi-system logistics tracing system, which solve the problems of caching, copying and retaining transaction data of a multi-system intermodal one-system logistics service by introducing a blockchain technology on a blockchain-based data sharing system, protect the privacy and the safety of the data, ensure the rights of a data sharer not to be occupied by a data sharing platform, realize an ownership authentication mechanism, a two-way anonymity mechanism, a data fake control mechanism, a credit proving mechanism, a data confidentiality mechanism and a decentralization transaction mechanism, and reflect the characteristics of point-to-point transaction, high data enrichment freshness, paying attention to privacy protection, traceability of data right, fair transaction and the like.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a multi-mode intermodal one-system logistics tracing method based on block chains comprises the following steps:

s1: a multi-intermodal one-system service subsystem receives a freight requirement submitted by a customer and an original document related to the freight requirement, generates a freight order from the freight requirement, disassembles the freight order according to the requirements of logistics service units including freight generation, storage, insurance and finance to generate a logistics service order based on each logistics service unit, and simultaneously links the original freight requirement and the original document to a block chain for storage;

S2: each logistics service unit performs business handling associated with a service provided by the current logistics service unit after receiving the disassembled logistics service order, and when the freight requirements and the original documents need to be verified, verifies by querying the freight requirements and the original documents stored in the blockchain;

s3: the logistics service units uplink the generated service data and service documents to the blockchain for storage in the corresponding service execution process;

s4: and the client tracks the whole-course data through the blockchain query logistics and verifies the data.

Further, step S1 specifically includes:

the multi-mode intermodal one-piece service subsystem receives information submitted by a client and comprising the freight requirement and the original document through an internal requirement management module;

the multi-modal one-order uniform service subsystem generates a corresponding freight order based on the current freight demand through an internal order management module, disassembles the freight order by adopting an intelligent algorithm and a rule engine, disassembles the freight order into the logistics service order corresponding to each logistics service unit including the commodity generation, the warehouse, the insurance and the finance, binds all the logistics service orders in a form of associating order codes of the freight order through sub-order codes, and simultaneously links the original freight demand and the original document to a block chain for storage;

The multi-type intermodal one-order uniform service subsystem provides customers with online signing of freight contracts on the basis of the freight orders through an internal contract management module, and completes online signing of order subcontestings with each logistics service unit after the completion of the freight contracts;

the multi-type intermodal one-piece service subsystem carries out cost settlement between a client and the logistics service unit on cost generated in the multi-type intermodal process through an internal cost management module;

the multi-type intermodal single uniform service subsystem provides data verification service for owners, generations and other parties in the multi-type intermodal process through an internal data verification module by using a platform of the blockchain;

the multi-modal one-piece service subsystem provides service for inquiring logistics tracking full-range data for owners, generations and other parties in the multi-modal process through an internal full-range tracking module.

Further, the freight order is disassembled by adopting an intelligent algorithm and a rule engine, specifically:

collecting freight related data of the freight order including order information, freight attributes, starting location, destination and delivery time, and extracting characteristic data including freight type, freight quantity, transportation distance and delivery time from the freight related data;

Designing the intelligent algorithm capable of automatically disassembling the freight order according to the characteristic data and configuring the rule engine for order disassembly logic, wherein the intelligent algorithm is a decision tree or cluster established based on the rule engine;

determining transportation modes of the freight order including road transportation, railway transportation and waterway transportation according to the intelligent algorithm and the rule engine, planning an optimal transportation route for the determined transportation modes through the intelligent algorithm and the rule engine, and disassembling the freight order into the logistics service order corresponding to each logistics service unit including the freight generation, the warehouse, the insurance and the finance according to the transportation route and the property of the freight order.

Further, the service of using the platform of the block chain for data verification is provided for owners, forwarders and other various parties in the multi-type intermodal process, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the platform of the blockchain creates a platform account comprising a goods owner account, a platform side account and a logistics service unit account in advance, generates a corresponding intelligent contract by a query block and uplink authority required by the platform account, and calls the intelligent contract in the form of an interface api when a user needs to query the block and uplink, and in the calling process, the platform of the blockchain performs identity authentication on the platform account through a token;

The owner account and the commodity generation account in the logistics service unit directly inquire the service data which comprise the information of the logistics service order and the trace information and are most original in the logistics service unit through the platform of the block chain according to the relevance of the block identification code and the sub order code;

the storage account, the insurance account and the financial account in the logistics service unit account inquire the real validity of the customer service demand through the associated order codes;

and the platform side account inquires the service states of all the freight orders and the logistics service orders through the platform of the block chain through the sub order codes, the order codes and the block identification codes.

Further, step S2 specifically includes:

business transaction is carried out on the service provided by the goods generation and the warehouse through a goods generation subsystem, and business transaction is carried out on the insurance and the service provided by the finance through a supply chain finance value-added service subsystem;

the commodity generation subsystem provides the commodity circulation service provider with the management function of the commodity circulation service order through an internal service order management module, provides the commodity generation service provider with the agreement management function through an internal agreement management module, provides the commodity generation service provider with the fee settlement function through an internal fee management module, provides the commodity generation service provider with the maintenance management function of customer information through an internal customer management module, provides the commodity generation service provider with the maintenance management function of supplier information through an internal supplier management module, and provides the commodity generation service provider with the data verification service function through an internal data verification module;

The supply chain financial value-added service subsystem provides the management function of the logistics service order for the financial service provider through an internal service order management module, provides the agreement management function for the financial service provider through an internal agreement management module, provides the financial service expense settlement management function for the financial service provider through an internal settlement management module, provides the data verification service function for the financial service provider through an internal data verification module, and provides the customer information management maintenance function for the financial service provider through an internal customer management module.

Further, the whole data of the freight requirement, the original document and the logistics tracking process are stored and verified through a blockchain management subsystem, specifically:

the block chain management subsystem maintains the information of the block chain through an internal block chain management module, supports the operation of adding and deleting the block chain, and stores the data on the block chain in the form of a block;

the block chain management subsystem is used for maintaining the preposed node information including the name, the IP and the port number of the preposed node associated with the current node through an internal preposed node management module, and supporting the adding and deleting operations of the preposed node;

The block chain management subsystem performs the functions of setting a front node list, a node list and modifying the node consensus state through an internal node management module;

the block chain management subsystem creates a plurality of service groups through an internal group function module, and each service group corresponds to an enterprise alliance for commonly maintaining the same account book in a block chain;

the blockchain management subsystem provides a graphical contract IDE environment, a deployed contract list, a contract CNS query, and a CRUD function of precompiled contracts through an internal contract management module.

Further, the authority, configuration, certificate, key and account of the blockchain are managed through the system management subsystem, specifically:

the system management subsystem sets authority functions including adding and deleting nodes, modifying blockchain information, endowing account numbers on the blockchain with intelligent contracts and managing intelligent contract versions through an internal authority management module;

the system management subsystem configures parameters including the maximum transaction number supported by each block in the block chain and the effective time range commonly known by nodes in the block chain through an internal configuration management module;

The system management subsystem is used for checking the content in the digital certificate in the blockchain through an internal certificate management module;

the system management subsystem is used for creating a function of managing a private key and a public key of a user through an internal key management module;

the system management subsystem is used for setting the management functions of the common account and the manager account through an internal account management module.

Further, the system monitoring subsystem monitors nodes and node hosts in the blockchain, and alarms the blockchain through mails, specifically:

the system monitoring subsystem queries node monitoring data indexes including block height, transaction quantity, average block size and average block discharging period of each node in a preset time range through an internal node monitoring module;

the system monitoring subsystem queries index data including CPU utilization rate, memory utilization rate, hard disk utilization rate, uplink bandwidth and downlink bandwidth of each node host within a preset time range through an internal host monitoring module;

the system monitoring subsystem configures a mail server to receive mail alarm information through an internal mail alarm configuration module, configures related parameters including a mail protocol type protocol, a mail server address host, a service use port, a user mailbox address user and a user mailbox authorization code password of the mail server used for mail alarm, and the platform of the blockchain checks information including a platform certificate validity period, a user validity period and a contract validity period through periodical service periodic check, and when the condition including expiration of the certificate validity period or encountering abnormal transaction users and abnormal contracts occurs, the system triggers a mail alarm mechanism to send alarm mails to a preset mailbox for notification;

The system monitoring subsystem configures the alarm types and checks the alarm logs through an internal alarm type configuration module, and the configuration of the alarm types comprises parameters including an alarm mail title, alarm mail content, alarm mail sending time interval, last alarm time, a target alarm mailbox address, whether the mail alarm of the type is started or not and alarm grades.

A blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability system for performing the blockchain-based multi-modal one-system logistics traceability method as described above, the blockchain-based multi-modal one-system logistics traceability system functionally divided, comprising:

the block chain management subsystem is used for storing and verifying the freight demand, the original document and the logistics tracking whole-course data;

the system management subsystem is used for managing authority, configuration, certificates, keys and accounts of the blockchain;

the system monitoring subsystem is used for monitoring nodes and node hosts in the blockchain and alarming the blockchain through mails;

the multi-type intermodal one-sheet service subsystem is used for managing freight requirements, orders, contracts, fees and data verification of the multi-type intermodal and providing services for querying logistics tracking full-range data for owners, forwarders and other various participants in the multi-type intermodal process;

The commodity generation subsystem is used for providing the functions of service order management, logistics protocol management, cost settlement, customer information maintenance management, supplier information maintenance management and data verification service for commodity generation service providers;

the supply chain financial value-added service subsystem is used for providing functions of service order management, financial service agreement management and maintenance, financial service fee settlement, data verification service and customer information management and maintenance for a financial service provider.

A blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability system for performing the blockchain-based multi-modal one-system logistics traceability method as described above, the blockchain-based multi-modal one-system logistics traceability system being architecturally divided, comprising:

an application layer for providing a system including a multi-modal one-piece service subsystem, a commodity generation subsystem, and a multi-modal related supply chain financial value added service subsystem;

a middleware layer for providing services including a generic access agent, a signature service, a uplink service, and a blockchain management service;

the access layer is used for providing interfaces including a transaction interface, a query interface, a configuration interface and a treatment interface;

The core layer is used for providing blockchain service core functions including account book management, network service, calculation engine, consensus mechanism and service management functions.

An infrastructure layer for providing an infrastructure including cloud servers, stand-alone servers, storage, file systems, cryptographic algorithms, and network devices;

security management for providing security management including identity authentication, certificate management, key management, admission management, and rights control.

A computer device comprising a memory and one or more processors, the memory having stored therein computer code which, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform a method as described above.

A computer readable storage medium storing computer code which, when executed, performs a method as described above.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

(1) By providing a block chain based multi-modal one-system logistics traceability method, the method comprises the following steps: s1: a multi-intermodal one-system service subsystem receives a freight requirement submitted by a customer and an original document related to the freight requirement, generates a freight order from the freight requirement, disassembles the freight order according to the requirements of logistics service units including freight generation, storage, insurance and finance to generate a logistics service order based on each logistics service unit, and simultaneously links the original freight requirement and the original document to a block chain for storage; s2: each logistics service unit performs business handling associated with a service provided by the current logistics service unit after receiving the disassembled logistics service order, and when the freight requirements and the original documents need to be verified, verifies by querying the freight requirements and the original documents stored in the blockchain; s3: the logistics service units uplink the generated service data and service documents to the blockchain for storage in the corresponding service execution process; s4: and the client tracks the whole-course data through the blockchain query logistics and verifies the data. According to the technical scheme, in the process of multi-mode intermodal, the block chain technology is utilized to store the multi-mode intermodal data, so that the privacy and the safety of the multi-mode intermodal data are protected, and the rights and interests of a data sharing person are protected.

(2) Because of the decentralized transaction mechanism of the blockchain, the transaction is directly carried out point-to-point in the multi-link transportation process, enterprises have no way to make counterfeits on the data, and the data is rich and has high freshness. And the data is true and reliable, and is tamper-proof.

(3) In the multi-mode intermodal process, a data user can perform on-chain inquiry through a block chain system, and whether data and documents are real and effective is judged through data verification.

(4) Through inquiring on the block chain system chain, a user can inquire the whole logistics tracking state in one step on the platform, and master the logistics situation at any time.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a data sharing mode of aggregate sharing in the prior art;

FIG. 2 is a block chain based data sharing architecture of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability method of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a shipping order drop down of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the service module of the block-chain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability system of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a block-chain based multi-modal one-system logistics traceability system according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.

As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless expressly stated otherwise, as understood by those skilled in the art. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

The traceability mechanism and the decentralization data sharing system of the blockchain technology can effectively solve the problems that a certain data island exists among all service providers, the data of all service providers are relatively independent, the data to be shared cannot be verified to a certain extent, the real reliability of the data cannot be verified, the blockchain can provide traceability of multi-type intermodal logistics transportation transaction, and the blockchain has fault tolerance, invariance, reliability, transparency and complete traceability of storage transaction records. Security of data is ensured and tampering and single point of failure are prevented. The block chain-based decentralization data sharing system can solve the problems of caching, copying and retaining transaction data of a data sharing platform, protect the privacy and the safety of the data, ensure that the rights and interests of a data sharer are not infringed by the data sharing platform, realize an ownership authentication mechanism, a bidirectional anonymity mechanism, a data fake control mechanism, a credit proving mechanism, a data confidentiality mechanism and a decentralization transaction mechanism, and embody the characteristics of point-to-point transaction, high data enrichment freshness, important privacy protection, traceability of data right, fair transaction and the like.

As shown in fig. 2, real documents generated in the operation process of multi-mode intermodal one-system business are real-time uplink through a blockchain technology, and participants of the business can perform verification operation on the data in a contract authorization mode if needed, so that the authenticity and freshness of the data are guaranteed, and privacy protection, data safety, traceability and the like are also guaranteed. The system is characterized in that transaction and service tracing are provided in a multi-system intermodal one-system logistics service based on a blockchain service, and a data barrier among transaction service providers is opened, so that reliable data service is provided.

The application of blockchain technology to the tracing of a single system stream of multiple intermodal transportation is described in detail below by way of specific examples.

First embodiment

As shown in fig. 3, the embodiment provides a block-chain-based multi-intermodal-single-system logistics tracing method, which comprises the following steps:

s1: the multi-intermodal one-system service subsystem receives a freight requirement submitted by a customer and an original document related to the freight requirement, generates a freight order from the freight requirement, disassembles the freight order according to the requirements of logistics service units including freight generation, warehousing, insurance and finance to generate a logistics service order based on each logistics service unit, and simultaneously links the original freight requirement and the original document into a block chain for storage.

Specifically, in this embodiment, the shipping requirements submitted by the customer and the associated original documents are first received by the multi-modal one-sheet service subsystem.

In a multiple intermodal one-piece service, the original shipping requirements include a series of information related to the shipment of the goods, which is necessary for the logistics service unit to be able to properly plan and perform the shipment of the goods. The following is an example of information contained in an original shipping request:

(1) Cargo information:

the type of cargo (general cargo, dangerous goods, perishable goods, etc.);

the number, volume and weight of the cargo;

special requirements for goods (e.g., cold chain transport requiring special temperature conditions).

(2) Shipping location and destination information:

a detailed address of the delivery site;

a detailed address of the destination;

intermediate transit sites may be required.

(3) Timeliness requirements:

the customer's timeliness requirements for the arrival of goods at the destination, whether there are urgent or special timeliness requirements.

(4) Selection of a transport mode:

transportation means (land transportation, sea transportation, air transportation, railway transportation, etc.) that the customer desires to use;

whether a combination of multiple intermodal is required.

(5) Service requirements:

whether services such as door-to-door, door-to-port, port-to-port, etc. are required;

whether handling services, warehousing services, etc. are required.

(6) Safety and insurance:

the degree of concern of the customer on the safety of goods;

whether transportation insurance is required.

(7) File and newspaper:

document requirements relating to the transportation of goods;

whether the handling of the customs clearance is needed.

(8) Cost budget:

cost budget for the shipment of goods by customers, including shipping charges, tariffs, etc.

(9) Real-time tracking and reporting:

whether the real-time tracking service of goods is needed to be provided or not;

whether regular transport status reporting is required.

(10) Other special requirements are:

any other customer specific, customized needs, such as special packaging, labeling, etc.

Such information will assist the forwarder or financial service provider in understanding the customer's needs, formulating the most appropriate shipping scheme, including selecting the optimal mode of transportation, route planning, coordination transfers, etc. With the development of the logistics industry, the digital platform and system are also becoming more and more important for more efficient processing and management of such information.

In multi-modal intermodal, raw documents refer to various documents and certificates relating to the transportation of goods, which are necessary documents in the process of the goods from the delivery site to the destination for ensuring that the goods can be transported legally, safely and smoothly. The following are raw documents that may be included in a multimodal, simplex service:

(1) Inventory (inventory):

contains detailed information of the goods such as name, number, unit price, etc. For verification and settlement during transportation.

(2) Bill of Lading (Bill of Lading):

is the proof of ownership of the goods, and records the detailed information of the goods from the shipping port to the destination port. A bill of lading is a proof of transfer of ownership of goods, typically provided by a forwarder or carrier.

(3) Packing List:

the package condition of the goods is recorded, and the package condition comprises information such as content, weight, volume and the like of each package. Helping to ensure that the goods are properly handled during transportation.

(4) Insurance policy (Insurance Certificate):

documents that demonstrate that goods are covered by insurance during transportation. Helping to cope with the unexpected loss of goods that may occur during transportation.

(5) Transport contract (Transportation Contract):

protocols between shippers and carriers are described, including shipping methods, routes, costs, timeliness requirements, and the like. Is a legal document that ensures rights and responsibility of parties during transportation.

(6) Newspaper customs clearance (Customs Declaration):

goods and their value are described for the purpose of customs clearance. Helping to ensure that goods can legally pass customs of various countries.

(7) Export License (Export License):

some countries may have export permissions for export goods, requiring the provision of corresponding permission certificates.

(8) Transportation tracking sheet (Tracking Documents):

providing a file of the real-time position and the transportation state of the goods is helpful for the goods owner to track the position of the goods in real time.

(9) Payment document (Payment Documents):

and a document describing the payment means and the payment amount, ensuring that the goods are properly paid during transportation.

These original documents play a critical role in multi-modal intermodal transport, ensuring that the goods can be transported legally, orderly and efficiently. Logistics service providers, forwarders and other interested parties all need to work closely together to ensure the accuracy and compliance of these documents.

Secondly, after receiving the freight requirement submitted by the customer and the related original documents, generating a corresponding freight order based on the current freight requirement, and adopting an intelligent algorithm and a rule engine to disassemble the freight order into the logistics service order of each logistics service unit including the freight generation, the warehouse, the insurance and the finance, wherein all the logistics service orders are bound in a form of associating the order codes of the freight orders through sub-order codes.

The method comprises the steps of adopting an intelligent algorithm and a rule engine to disassemble the freight order, and specifically comprises the following steps:

As shown in fig. 4, the freight requirement of the customer is a comprehensive requirement, and may relate to a highway transportation section, a railway transportation section, a waterway transportation section, and may relate to value added services such as intermediate warehouse storage and insurance claims. These demands are often cooperatively completed by a plurality of service providers, so that the system intelligently disassembles the freight demands of customers by the platform to generate corresponding road section orders, railway section orders, waterway section orders, warehouse service orders and insurance claim orders, and sends the orders to the corresponding service providers to complete corresponding services. The A order is disassembled into sub-orders A1, A2, A3 and A4, all sub-orders are related by order numbers, and the form of big orders and small orders is adopted.

Finally, the original freight requirement and the original document need to be up-linked to the blockchain for storage, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) Digitalized freight demand and original document:

the shipping requirements and raw documents provided by the customer are digitized and converted to electronic format, ensuring that the data can be processed in the computer system.

(2) Selecting an appropriate blockchain platform:

a blockchain platform is selected that meets logistic requirements. Some blockchain platforms focus on providing supply chain and logistics solutions, such as ethernet, hyperledger Fabric, etc.

(3) Creating an intelligent contract:

intelligent contracts are created on the selected blockchain platform to define rules of how shipping requirements and raw documents are stored and accessed. The smart contracts may ensure consistency and security of the data.

(4) Uploading data to the blockchain:

the digitized shipping requirements and raw documents are uploaded to the blockchain. This may be accomplished by invoking a function of the smart contract, using a specific blockchain interface, or other upload mechanism.

(5) Encryption and security:

when uploading data, the privacy and the security of the data are ensured to be protected by using a proper encryption mechanism. Only authorized participants can access the relevant data.

(6) Generating a unique identifier (hash):

a unique identifier (hash value) is generated for each shipping requirement and original document and linked into the blockchain. This helps to ensure the non-tamper ability of the data.

(7) Providing rights management:

the rights management mechanism is set to ensure that only authorized participants can view or modify the data. This is an embodiment of the decentralization and security of the blockchain.

(8) Establishing a tracing and auditing mechanism:

by utilizing the non-tamper-proof and audit functions of the blockchain, a tracing mechanism of freight requirements and original documents is established, so that the whole logistics process is traceable, and audit is convenient.

(9) Updating in real time:

if real-time data is involved, the data on the blockchain is ensured to be updated in real time so that the participants can know the latest state of the goods at any time.

(10) Notifying the relevant participants:

the participants of the relevant logistics service provider, the commodity generation company, etc. are notified to ensure that they know the data on the blockchain and can make queries when needed.

Further, the multi-mode intermodal-unified service subsystem provides customers with online contracts of freight contracts on the basis of the freight orders through an internal contract management module, and meanwhile completes online contracts of order subcontracts with each logistics service unit after the completion of the freight contracts.

The multi-type intermodal single uniform service subsystem performs cost settlement between the clients and the logistics service units on the cost generated in the multi-type intermodal process through an internal cost management module.

The multi-modal single-uniform service subsystem provides data verification services for owners, generations and other parties in the multi-modal process through an internal data verification module by using the platform of the blockchain.

The service of using the platform of the block chain for data verification is provided for owners, forwarders and other various parties in the multi-type intermodal process, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the service data of the commodity circulation service unit account is stored in a uplink mode, and a corresponding block identification code is generated and is associated with the sub-order code, and the service data including the information of the commodity circulation service order and the trace information which are most original in the commodity circulation service unit are inquired by the commodity circulation service unit directly through a platform of the block chain according to the association of the block identification code and the sub-order code;

the storage account, the insurance account and the financial account in the logistics service unit account are bound with the form of association of the order codes of the freight order through the sub-order codes, and the storage account, the insurance account and the financial account inquire the real validity of the customer service requirement through the associated order codes;

And a platform side account, wherein the service states of all the freight orders and the logistics service orders are inquired through the platform of the block chain through the sub order codes, the order codes and the block identification codes.

S2: each of the logistics service units performs business handling associated with a service currently provided by the logistics service unit after receiving the disassembled logistics service order, and when the freight requirements and the original documents need to be verified, verifies by querying the freight requirements and the original documents stored in the blockchain.

In this embodiment, each of the logistics service units performs business transaction associated with a service provided by the current logistics service unit after receiving the disassembled logistics service order. For example, the goods generation, warehouse, insurance and finance may be respectively transacted with the following business:

(1) Goods-generation service unit:

The commodity generation can transact the bill of lading, including preparing the bill of lading and customs clearance documents, ensuring the legal import and export of the commodity.

Coordination of the contact with the shipboard, airline, etc., ensures that the cargo can be transported as planned.

Real-time cargo tracking information is provided to ensure that customers are aware of the cargo's shipping status.

(2) Storage service unit:

the warehousing service units are responsible for receiving cargoes and carrying out warehousing management, including operations of loading cargoes on shelves, storing, sorting and the like.

And (5) carrying out inventory management according to the needs to ensure orderly storage of goods in the warehouse.

And preparing loading and unloading equipment to assist loading and unloading of cargoes.

(3) Insurance service unit:

if insurance is involved, the insurance service entity will process the associated insurance transactions, including purchasing freight transportation insurance, processing claims, and the like.

And providing an insurance certificate to ensure that the goods are properly ensured in the transportation process.

(4) Financial service units:

the financial services institution may be involved in payment transactions such as processing shipping charges, credit payments, and the like.

Providing financial reporting and settlement documents ensures transparency and compliance of the fees.

Further, when the shipment requirement and the original document need to be verified, verifying by querying the shipment requirement and the original document stored in the blockchain may include the steps of:

(1) Querying a blockchain:

and inquiring the freight demand and the original document stored on the blockchain through the blockchain platform by using corresponding identity verification and authority. The query mechanism used is secured and only authorized users can access the relevant data.

(2) Checking data consistency:

it is checked whether the data retrieved from the blockchain is consistent with the data of the original shipping requirement and document. And comparing the information to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the data.

(3) Verifying the hash value:

if a unique identifier (hash value) is generated when uploading data to the blockchain, it is verified whether the hash value stored on the blockchain matches the hash value calculated by the original data. This helps to ensure the non-tamper ability of the data.

(4) Viewing a history:

blockchains have the property of being non-tamperable and can view the history of the data. By looking up transaction histories on the blockchain, traceability of data and transparency of history records are ensured.

(5) Identity verification and rights:

it is ensured that the authenticating user possesses sufficient authentication and authorization to access the relevant data on the blockchain. The access rights of the blockchain should be properly managed to protect the privacy and security of the data.

(6) Real-time status update:

if a real-time shipping status or related information needs to be obtained, it is ensured that the data on the blockchain is updated in real-time. Some blockchain platforms provide real-time data update functionality.

(7) Verifying the participant signature:

if a digital signature mechanism is used in uploading data, the signature of the uploading user can be verified, and the authenticity of the data and the identity of the uploading user are ensured.

(8) Notifying the relevant participants:

after verification is completed, the participants of the related logistics service provider, the commodity generation company and the like are notified, so that the participants are ensured to know the verification result.

S3: and the logistics service unit links the generated service data and service documents to the blockchain for storage in the corresponding service execution process.

Specifically, the logistics service unit stores the generated service data and service document uploading value in the block chain in the service executing process, and stores the service data and service document uploading value in the same manner as the original freight demand and the original document are uploaded to the block chain for storage in the step S1.

In this embodiment, step S4 may include the steps of:

(1) And (3) identity authentication:

and carrying out identity verification to obtain the inquiry authority. Ensuring that only authorized users can query the relevant logistics tracking data.

(2) Querying logistics tracking data:

related query conditions (such as cargo numbers, time ranges, etc.) are input using a query interface or tool provided by the blockchain platform to obtain logistics tracking full-range data.

(3) Checking data consistency:

it is checked whether the stream trace data retrieved from the blockchain is consistent with expected data. Ensuring the integrity and accuracy of the data.

(4) Verifying the hash value:

if a unique identifier (hash value) is generated when uploading data to the blockchain, it is verified whether the hash value stored on the blockchain matches the hash value calculated by the original data.

(5) Viewing a history:

the history of the logistics tracking data is viewed using the non-tamper properties of the blockchain. By looking up transaction histories on the blockchain, traceability of data and transparency of history records are ensured.

(6) Verifying the digital signature:

if a digital signature mechanism is used in uploading data, the digital signature of the data is verified, and the authenticity of the data and the identity of an uploading person are ensured.

(7) Real-time status update:

if the real-time logistics state or related information needs to be acquired, the data on the blockchain is ensured to be updated in real time. Some blockchain platforms provide real-time data update functionality.

(8) Notifying the relevant participants:

after the inquiry and verification are completed, the participants of the related logistics service provider, the client and the like are notified, so that the participants are ensured to know the inquiry result of the logistics tracking data.

Through the query and verification functions of the blockchain, the authenticity, the integrity and the non-tamper resistance of the logistics tracking data can be ensured. This improves the transparency and reliability of the overall logistics supply chain, helping to improve the traceability and security of the data.

The above is the main process executed by the block chain-based multi-mode intermodal one-system logistics traceability method. The main principle adopted by the method is as follows: the multi-system intermodal one-system logistics data sharing system based on the blockchain solves the problems of caching, copying and retaining transaction data of a data sharing platform by introducing a blockchain technology, protects the privacy and the safety of the data, ensures that the rights and interests of a data sharer are not infringed by the data sharing platform, realizes an ownership authentication mechanism, a two-way anonymity mechanism, a data fake control mechanism, a credit proving mechanism, a data confidentiality mechanism and a decentralization transaction mechanism, and reflects the characteristics of point-to-point transaction, high data enrichment freshness, paying attention to privacy protection, traceability of data right, fair transaction and the like.

Wherein, ownership authentication mechanism: this mechanism is used to identify the owner of a particular asset (e.g., cargo). On the blockchain, it can be ensured that only authorized entities can prove ownership of a certain asset through means of digital signature, private key public key mechanism and the like. This is important to ensure the authenticity and legitimacy of the goods. Bidirectional anonymization mechanism: this mechanism aims to protect the privacy of the participants. By using encryption techniques, it is ensured that the identity of the participant can be protected in transactions on the blockchain. Although the transaction is transparent, the identity of the participant may remain anonymous. Data falsification control mechanism: the non-tamperability of a blockchain is critical to preventing data falsification. Once data is recorded on the blockchain, it is difficult to tamper with. The mechanism ensures that all participants agree on the consistency of the data through a decentralised consensus algorithm, and prevents a single node from tampering with the data. Credit proving mechanism: on the blockchain, the credit proving mechanism may be implemented by smart contracts. By recording the participant's transaction history and performance records, a credit rating is formed. This helps to improve the credibility of the transaction and reduces the problem of information asymmetry. Data security mechanism: blockchains typically employ encryption techniques to ensure confidentiality of the data. Only authorized participants can access specific data and others cannot decrypt or view the data content. This helps to protect sensitive information such as business secrets or personal privacy. Decentralizing transaction mechanisms: the decentralised transaction mechanism enables direct peer-to-peer transactions via intelligent contracts without the need for intermediaries. This helps to reduce transaction costs, improve transaction efficiency, and reduce reliance on intermediaries. The smart contract specifies the conditions and execution logic of the transaction.

The whole data sharing system based on the block chain is composed of three parties, namely a data user, a data owner and a transaction platform operator acted by a third party organization.

(1) Data owner

The data owner, the original data owner that provided the data, may be a customer or a logistic service provider.

(2) Data user

The data user is the party who has a need to use the data. The need may arise from the need for an extension of existing data, or from the need to verify data for control of the risk of operation itself. Typically, banks, consumer finance companies, insurance companies, various service industries, etc. are all the primary data users.

(3) Platform operator

The whole data sharing system is operated and managed, is a bridge for connecting the data asset owners and the data users, provides a safe, reliable and fair transaction environment for the transaction parties, and improves the transaction success rate of the transaction parties.

Further, step S1 specifically includes:

The multi-modal one-bill uniform service subsystem generates a corresponding freight order based on the current freight demand through an internal order management module, disassembles the freight order into the logistics service order corresponding to each logistics service unit including the commodity generation, the warehouse, the insurance and the finance, and simultaneously uplinks the original freight demand and the original bill to a block chain for storage;

the multi-mode intermodal-single uniform service subsystem generates a corresponding freight contract based on the current freight demand through an internal contract management module;

Further, step S2 specifically includes:

in the invention, the service provided by the goods generation and the warehouse is transacted through a goods generation subsystem, and the service provided by the insurance and the finance is transacted through a supply chain finance value-added service subsystem;

Further, the embodiment stores and verifies the freight requirement, the original document and the logistics tracking whole-course data through a blockchain management subsystem, specifically:

Further, the embodiment manages the authority, configuration, certificate, key and account of the blockchain through the system management subsystem, specifically:

Further, in this embodiment, the system monitoring subsystem monitors the nodes and the node hosts in the blockchain, and alarms the blockchain through mails, specifically:

Second embodiment

As shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability system for performing the blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability method as in the first embodiment, the blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability system being functionally divided, comprising:

the blockchain management subsystem 1 is configured to store and verify the freight requirement, the original document, and the logistics tracking whole-course data, and further includes a blockchain management module 11, a pre-node management module 12, a node management module 13, a group function module 14, and a contract management module 15, and specific functions have been described in the first embodiment, which is not repeated in this embodiment.

The system management subsystem 2 is configured to manage rights, configuration, certificates, keys, and accounts of the blockchain, and further includes a rights management module 21, a configuration management module 22, a certificate management module 23, a key management module 24, and an account management module 25, and specific functions have been described in the first embodiment, which is not repeated in this embodiment.

The system monitoring subsystem 3 is configured to monitor nodes and node hosts in the blockchain, and alarm the blockchain through mail, and further includes a node monitoring module 31, a host monitoring module 32, a mail alarm configuration module 33, and an alarm type configuration module 34, and specific functions have been described in the first embodiment, which is not described in detail in this embodiment.

The multi-modal-single uniform service subsystem 4 is used for managing freight requirements, orders, contracts, fees and data verification of the multi-modal and providing services for querying logistics tracking full-scale data for owners, forwarders and other parties in the multi-modal process, and further comprises a requirement management module 41, an order management module 42, a contract management module 43, a fee management module 44, a data verification module 45 and a full-scale tracking module 46, and specific functions are described in the first embodiment, which is not repeated.

The commodity generation subsystem 5 is configured to provide functions of service order management, logistics protocol management, cost settlement, customer information maintenance management, vendor information maintenance management, and data verification service for the commodity generation service provider, and further includes a service order management module 51, a protocol management module 52, a cost management module 53, a customer management module 54, a vendor management module 55, and a data verification module 56, where specific functions have been specifically described in the first embodiment, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

The supply chain financial value-added service subsystem 6 is used for providing functions of service order management, financial service agreement management maintenance, financial service fee settlement, data verification service, and customer information management maintenance for the financial service provider, and further comprises a service order management module 61, an agreement management module 62, a settlement management module 63, a data verification module 64, and a customer management module 65, and specific functions have been described in the first embodiment, and are not repeated in this embodiment.

Third embodiment

As shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment provides a blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability system for performing the blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability method as in the first embodiment, the blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability system being architecturally divided, comprising:

an application layer for providing a system including a multi-modal intermodal one-piece service subsystem, a commodity generation subsystem, and a multi-modal related supply chain financial value added service subsystem.

And the middleware layer is used for providing services including a general access agent, a signature service, a uplink service and a blockchain management service and accessing the application layer into the blockchain. Wherein the universal access agent: the generic access agent is a middle tier for connecting external systems and blockchain networks. The method serves as a bridge between an external system and a blockchain network, and is used for processing data format conversion, security authentication and the like. The generic access agent enables different systems to interact with the blockchain network, whether to acquire data from the blockchain or to push data to the blockchain. Signature service: the signature service is used for processing the digital signature, and ensures the security and the authenticity of the data. In blockchain, digital signatures are used to verify the legitimacy of transactions and smart contracts. The signing service is responsible for generating and verifying digital signatures to ensure the integrity of data during transmission and storage. Uplink service: the uplink service involves uploading data to the blockchain. This includes converting the data of the external system into a blockchain acceptable format and writing the data to the blockchain ledger through execution of the smart contract. The uplink service ensures that data is properly processed and recorded on the blockchain while maintaining the non-tamper-resistance of the data. Blockchain management service: the blockchain management service includes configuration, monitoring and maintenance of the blockchain network. This may involve management of the nodes, configuration of consensus mechanisms, allocation of rights, etc. The blockchain management service ensures stable operation and maintainability of the entire blockchain network. These services together build a complete blockchain application ecosystem. The universal access agent helps integrate an external system, signature service ensures the security of data, uplink service realizes interaction of data and a blockchain, and blockchain management service ensures healthy operation of a blockchain network. The integrated operation of these services enables businesses and developers to more easily build and manage blockchain-based applications.

The access layer is used for providing interfaces including a transaction interface, a query interface, a configuration interface and a treatment interface. Wherein, the transaction interface: the transaction interface allows a user or system to submit a new transaction to the blockchain network. This includes sending assets, executing smart contracts, digitally signing, etc. The transaction interface is the way for the user to write data and change state with the blockchain. Query interface: the query interface is used to retrieve data from the blockchain. Through the query interface, the user may obtain information about account balances, transaction histories, smart contract status, and the like. The query interface provides a way to read data on the blockchain without involving a state change. Configuration interface: the configuration interface is used for configuring parameters and attributes of the blockchain network. This may include setting consensus algorithms, adjusting block sizes, configuring node permissions, etc. The configuration interface allows an administrator or network participant to manage the underlying settings of the blockchain. And (3) treatment interface: the governance interface provides an interface to governance of the blockchain network. This includes voting, proposal submission, parameter adjustment, and the like. The governance interface enables blockchain communities to participate in the decision process together, thereby ensuring the health and development of the network. These interfaces together build an open and flexible blockchain system. The transaction interface and the query interface enable the user to conduct real-time data interaction with the blockchain, the configuration interface provides adjustment and management of the underlying system, and the governance interface enables communities to participate in the decision making process together. The design of these interfaces makes the blockchain system easier to use, manage and develop.

The core layer is used for providing blockchain service core functions including account book management, network service, calculation engine, consensus mechanism and service management functions. Wherein, account book management: the ledger is the core of the blockchain, which records all transactions and state changes. Ledger administration functions involve the storage, retrieval, updating and protection of data. It ensures that the data on the blockchain is non-tamperable, transparent and traceable. Network service: blockchains are a de-centralized network that is responsible for ensuring the communication and connectivity between nodes. It includes point-to-point communications, data transmission and network protocols to ensure that information can circulate throughout the blockchain network. The computing engine: the compute engine is a component that executes intelligent contracts and processes logic on the blockchain. It is responsible for interpreting and executing the code of the smart contract, ensuring the correct execution of the contract. The smart contracts define transactions and business logic that are conducted on the blockchain. Consensus mechanism: the consensus mechanism is a rule that ensures that all nodes on the blockchain network agree on data. Different consensus algorithms (e.g., proof works, etc.) are used to ensure agreement between nodes in a distributed environment, preventing malicious behavior and data inconsistencies. Service management function: the service management functions relate to the deployment, configuration, monitoring and maintenance of various services in a blockchain network. This includes deployment of intelligent contracts, addition or deletion of nodes, maintenance of networks, etc. Service management ensures stable operation and maintainability of the blockchain network.

An infrastructure layer for providing an infrastructure including cloud servers, stand alone servers, storage, file systems, cryptographic algorithms, and network devices. Wherein, cloud server: the cloud server is a virtualized server provided by a cloud service provider. They can be dynamically expanded and contracted through the cloud service platform, providing elastic computing power. Cloud servers allow users to deploy, manage, and run applications in the cloud. The independent server: a standalone server is a physical server, typically purchased or leased by a user or organization, located at a data center. Compared with a virtualized cloud server, the independent server provides larger computing and storage resources and is suitable for scenes with higher requirements on hardware resources. And (3) storing: storage encompasses persistent storage of data. This may include cloud storage, local storage, network storage, etc. Storage solutions provide reliable preservation and efficient access of data. File system: a file system is a way to organize and store data so that users and programs can easily access and manage files. The file system provides hierarchical access to files stored in a server or cloud. Cryptographic algorithm: cryptographic algorithms are used for data encryption and decryption to ensure security and privacy of data. This includes encrypting sensitive information stored in a database, securely encrypting communications, and the like. Network equipment: network devices include routers, switches, firewalls, etc. for building and maintaining a network infrastructure. These devices provide the infrastructure for connection and communication, ensuring secure transmission of data in the network.

Security management for providing security management including identity authentication, certificate management, key management, admission management, and rights control. Wherein, identity authentication: identity authentication in blockchains typically involves the use of cryptography and digital signatures. Each participant has a unique private key associated with its identity. By digitally signing with the private key, the transaction and the identity of the participant can be verified, ensuring that only legitimate users can conduct the transaction. Certificate management: the blockchain uses digital certificates to verify the identity of the participants. The digital certificate contains the public key and other identity information about the participant. Certificates are used to verify the signature of a transaction and to ensure the authenticity of the transaction. Certificate creation and management typically uses a distributed Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). Key management: key management in blockchains is key to ensuring security and proper use of private keys. The user's private key is stored in a secure digital wallet and is only temporarily unlocked when a transaction is being conducted. Special attention is required in the aspects of key generation, storage, rotation and the like. Admission management: the admission management of blockchains is based on intelligent contracts. By the rules defined by the smart contracts, it is ensured that only eligible users can perform certain operations. This may include authentication of the participant, checking his rights and checking that certain conditions are met. And (3) authority control: rights control on blockchains is implemented through code logic in the smart contracts. Contracts define the operational rights of a user or role, ensuring that only authorized entities can perform related operations. The rights control is programmable and can be flexibly customized to specific needs.

A computer readable storage medium storing computer code which, when executed, performs a method as described above. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the various methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by a program to instruct related hardware, the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: read Only Memory (ROM), random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), magnetic or optical disk, and the like.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and all technical solutions belonging to the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and adaptations to the present invention may occur to one skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.

The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.

It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A block chain-based multi-mode intermodal one-system logistics tracing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1, specifically:

Determining transportation modes of the freight order including road transportation, railway transportation and waterway transportation according to the intelligent algorithm and the rule engine, planning an optimal transportation route for the determined transportation modes through the intelligent algorithm and the rule engine, and disassembling the freight order into the logistics service order corresponding to each logistics service unit including the freight generation, the warehouse, the insurance and the finance according to the transportation route and the property of the freight order;

s4: the client tracks the whole-course data through the blockchain inquiry logistics and verifies the data;

In step S1, a service of performing data verification by using the platform of the blockchain is provided for a cargo owner, a cargo generation and other various parties in the multi-type intermodal process, specifically:

the owner account and the commodity generation account in the logistics service unit directly inquire the most original service data of the logistics service unit including information of the logistics service order and tracking information through a platform of the blockchain by the relevance of the block identification code and the sub order code;

The platform side account inquires the service states of all the freight orders and the logistics service orders through the platform of the block chain through the sub order codes, the order codes and the block identification codes;

step S2, specifically:

2. The blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability method of claim 1, further comprising step S1 of:

3. The blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability method of claim 1, further comprising: storing and verifying the whole-course data of the freight demand, the original document and the logistics tracking through a block chain management subsystem, specifically:

4. The blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability method of claim 1, further comprising: the authority, configuration, certificate, key and account of the blockchain are managed through a system management subsystem, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

5. The blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability method of claim 1, further comprising: the system monitoring subsystem monitors nodes and node hosts in the blockchain, and alarms the blockchain through mails, specifically:

the system monitoring subsystem configures the alarm type and checks the alarm log through an internal alarm type configuration module, and the configuration of the alarm type comprises parameters including an alarm mail title, alarm mail content, an alarm mail sending time interval, a last alarm time, a target alarm mail address, whether the mail alarm of the type is started or not and an alarm grade.

6. A blockchain-based multi-intermodal one-system logistics traceability system for performing the blockchain-based multi-modal one-system logistics traceability method of any of claims 1-5, comprising:

7. A blockchain-based multi-modal one-system logistics traceability system for performing the blockchain-based multi-modal one-system logistics traceability method of any of claims 1-5, comprising:

the core layer is used for providing blockchain service core functions including account book management, network service, calculation engine, consensus mechanism and service management functions;

8. A computer device comprising a memory and one or more processors, the memory having stored therein computer code that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method of any of claims 1-5.

9. A computer readable storage medium storing computer code which, when executed, performs the method of any one of claims 1 to 5.