CN117405961B - Optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensating optical fiber current measurement system - Google Patents
Optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensating optical fiber current measurement system Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/24—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices
- G01R15/245—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
- G01R15/246—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks using light-modulating devices using magneto-optical modulators, e.g. based on the Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect based on the Faraday, i.e. linear magneto-optic, effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/08—Circuits for altering the measuring range
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/0092—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof measuring current only
Abstract
The invention provides an optical path differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensating optical fiber current measuring system which comprises an emission light source, an optical signal comprehensive processing module, a phase modulation module, a circularly polarized light modulation module, a multi-stage differential optical path sensing structure, a pre-measurement single optical path sensing structure, a photoelectric conversion module and a data processing module. According to the invention, through setting the sensing coil structures with various light path lengths, orthogonal polarized light with corresponding different basic phase differential can be obtained, further, the orthogonal polarized light is subjected to fast-slow axis splitting and recombination and then interference, so that a richer expansion phase differential and a corresponding multi-level range are obtained, on the basis of expansion range, high-precision measurement of current and quick response of signals based on feedback self-compensation can be realized in each level range, and the problems of limited range, insufficient resolution and slower response faced by single light path length are effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of current measurement, in particular to an optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensating optical fiber current measurement system.
Background
Along with the gradual rise of the current level of the power system and the continuous increase of the current change interval, the current transformer needs to meet the application requirements of wide range, high resolution and quick response. The traditional electromagnetic current transformer has the defects of insulation defect, overlarge volume, limited precision and the like under the background of heavy current measurement, and is less in application under actual engineering. The fiber current sensor can realize non-contact measurement of a target heavy current by utilizing Faraday magneto-optical effect, and has higher insulation grade. Meanwhile, the optical fiber coil with a simplified structure and the post-processing circuit have low requirements on equipment volume, high measurement precision and obvious advantages.
The reflection interference type optical fiber current sensor has the advantages of complete theory, mature process, wide measuring range and the like, and is most widely applied to various optical fiber current sensors. However, the sensor meets the increasing current level measurement requirement to a certain extent, but needs to be further improved, meanwhile, the measurement resolution of the small current range in the actual current effective change interval has obvious defects, and the signal response speed is limited, namely the contradiction between wide range and high resolution is faced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides an optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensating optical fiber current measurement system which can meet the measurement demands of wide range, high resolution and quick response.
The invention provides an optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensating optical fiber current measurement system, which comprises an emission light source, an optical signal comprehensive processing module, a phase modulation module, a circularly polarized light modulation module, a multi-stage micro-differential optical path sensing structure, a pre-measurement single optical path sensing structure, a photoelectric conversion module and a data processing module, wherein the optical signal comprehensive processing module is used for processing the optical signals of the emission light source;
the measuring system is input by the emitting light sourceIncident light of the road, wherein->The incident light passes through the multi-stage differential light path sensing structure,/->The incident light passes through a pre-measurement single-light-path sensing structure;
the optical signal comprehensive processing module comprises a coupling function sub-module, a polarization function sub-module, an orthogonal polarization light modulation function sub-module, a light splitting function sub-module and an interference function sub-module;
the saidThe incident light passes through the coupling function sub-module, the polarization function sub-module and the orthogonal polarization light modulation function sub-module to form +.>Light with orthogonal polarization is transmitted; the phase modulation module is for the +.>Respectively introducing the modulated phases into the path of the orthogonal polarized light, wherein the modulated phases are calculated by the data processing module; the circularly polarized light modulation module modulates the modulated +.>The path of orthogonal polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light and is respectively input into the multi-stage differential optical path sensing structure and the predicted quantity single optical path sensing structure;
the multistage differential optical path sensing structureThe length of the sensor light path is->，/>The +.about.of the predicted single-light-path sensing structure>The length of the sensor light path is->The length is determined by an optical path structure optimization method;
the saidThe circularly polarized light is reflected by a corresponding reflector at the tail end of the light path sensing structure to output +.>Circularly polarized light of the return path; said->Circularly polarized light channelThe circularly polarized light modulation module is converted into +.>The return Cheng Zhengjiao polarized light; said->Road sum->The path return orthogonal polarized light sequentially passes through the phase modulation module, the light splitting function sub-module and the interference function sub-module to output +.>Road sum->A path-interfering optical signal;
the photoelectric conversion module receivesThe path interference optical signals convert the light intensity signals into electric signals and input the electric signals to the data processing module;
the data processing module receivesAnd calculating a final current measured value by the road electric signal through a damping gradual regulation and control method.
The optical path differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensating optical fiber current measuring system provided by the invention can obtain orthogonal polarized light with corresponding different basic phase differential by arranging the sensing coil structures with various optical path lengths. Further, the orthogonal polarized light is subjected to fast and slow axis splitting and interference after recombination, so that a richer expansion phase differential and a corresponding multistage range are obtained. On the basis of expanding the measuring range, each level of measuring range can realize high-precision measurement of current meeting the preset relative error condition, and the problems of limited measuring range and insufficient resolution faced by single optical path length are effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber optic current measurement system with optical path differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process for converting a polarized light phase differential signal;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the phase relationship between the aligned fast and slow axis polarized light;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for optimizing an optical path structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a feedback system of the feedback self-compensation method.
In the drawings, the device names represented by the reference numerals are as follows:
1. the device comprises an emission light source, 2 light signal comprehensive processing modules, 3 phase modulation modules, 4 circularly polarized light modulation modules, 5 multi-stage differential light path sensing structures, 6 pre-measurement single light path sensing structures, 7 photoelectric conversion modules, 8 data processing modules, 9 coupling function sub-modules, 10 polarization function sub-modules, 11 orthogonal polarization light modulation function sub-modules, 12 light splitting function sub-modules, 13 interference function sub-modules, 14 reflectors, 15 and primary carrier fluid.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of each embodiment or the single embodiment provided by the invention can be combined with each other at will to form a feasible technical scheme, and the combination is not limited by the sequence of steps and/or the structural composition mode, but is necessarily based on the fact that a person of ordinary skill in the art can realize the combination, and when the technical scheme is contradictory or can not realize, the combination of the technical scheme is not considered to exist and is not within the protection scope of the invention claimed.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides an optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensating optical fiber current measuring system, which comprises an emission light source 1, an optical signal comprehensive processing module 2, a phase modulation module 3, a circularly polarized light modulation module 4, a multi-stage micro-differential optical path sensing structure 5, a pre-measurement single optical path sensing structure 6, a photoelectric conversion module 7 and a data processing module 8. The optical signal comprehensive processing module 2 comprises a coupling function sub-module 9, a polarization function sub-module 10, an orthogonal polarization light modulation function sub-module 11, a light splitting function sub-module 12 and an interference function sub-module 13. The tail ends of the multistage differential optical path sensing structure 5 and the pre-measurement single optical path sensing structure 6 are reflectors 14; the primary carrier fluid 15 passes through the hollows of the multi-stage differential optical path sensing structure 5 and the pre-measurement single optical path sensing structure 6.
Specifically, the working flow of the measuring system is described according to the light incident path and the light reflecting path:
(1) Light incidence path: the measuring system is input by the emitting light sourceIncident light of the road, wherein->The incident light passes through the multi-stage differential light path sensing structure,/->The incident light passes through the pre-measurement single-light-path sensing structure. Said->The incident light passes through the coupling function sub-module 9, the polarization function sub-module 10 and the orthogonal polarization light modulation function sub-module 11 to form +.>Light with orthogonal polarization is transmitted; said phase modulation module 3 is for said +.>The light of the orthogonal polarization respectively introduces modulation phases, the modulation phases are defined by the numbersCalculated by the processing module 8. The circularly polarized light modulation module 4 modulates +.>The light with the orthogonal polarization is converted into circularly polarized light and is respectively input to the multi-stage differential light path sensing structure 5 and the pre-measurement single light path sensing structure 6.
(2) Light reflection path: the saidThe circularly polarized light is reflected by the end reflector 14 of the light path sensing structure to output +.>Circularly polarized light of the return path; said->The return circularly polarized light is converted into +_ again by the circularly polarized light modulation module 4>Way back Cheng Zhengjiao polarized light, said +.>Road sum->The return-path orthogonal polarized light sequentially passes through the phase modulation module 3, the light splitting function sub-module 12 and the interference function sub-module 13 to be respectively output +.>Road sum->A path-interfering optical signal; the photoelectric conversion module 7 receives->The path interference optical signals convert the light intensity signals into electric signals and input the electric signals to the data processing module 8; the data processing module 8 receives +.>And the final current measured value is calculated by the path signal through a feedback self-compensation method.
Wherein, the multistage differential optical path sensing structure 5The length of the sensor light path is->The pre-measurement single optical path sensing structure 6 +.>The length of the sensor light path is->The length is determined by the optical path structure optimization method. />，/>、/>The length coefficient of the corresponding actual light path; />Is the light path length basic value; said phase modulation module 3 is for said +.>The modulation phase introduced by the orthogonal polarized light is a fixed square wave modulation phase; said spectroscopic function sub-module 12 is not directed against said +.>The beam splitting operation is performed on the light with the orthogonal polarization, only the +.>The light with the orthogonal polarization is split.
Referring to FIG. 2, when a current flows on the primary carrier fluidIn the case of said multi-level differential optical path sensing structure +.>The Lu Pianzhen optical phase signal conversion process is as follows:
(1) Based on Faraday magneto-optical effectInput to the spectroscopic function sub-module 12 +.>The basic phase difference of two beams of polarized light which are mutually orthogonal in the path-back orthogonal polarized light is +.>Input to the spectroscopic function sub-module 12 +.>The basic phase difference of two beams of polarized light which are mutually orthogonal in the path-back orthogonal polarized light is +.>Wherein->For polarized light deflection angle +.>For the current value to be measured, < >>For the optical path length subject to the magnetic field of the current, +.>Is a magneto-optical constant coefficient of the system, and the coefficient is related to the structure of the all-fiber current measurement system.
(2) The sub-module 12 of the light splitting function is opposite to the sub-moduleThe light with the path back Cheng Zhengjiao polarization is orthogonally decomposed, and each path of two beams of polarized light which are mutually orthogonal are decomposed into fast-axis polarized light and slow-axis polarized light, which are in total ∈>Lu Pianzhen light.
(3) Referring to fig. 3, an axial polarization phase alignment operation is optionally performed, and after alignment, assuming that the fast axis is selected for polarization phase alignmentThe phase of the polarized light of the fast axis is kept consistent and is defined as +.>Phase, get->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Corresponding->The phase of the polarized light of the slow axis is +.>。
（4）Differential operation is carried out on the polarized light with similar slow axis and the polarized light with 1-type fast axis, thus obtaining +.>Basic phase differential->，，/>Indicating the phase of the i-th path slow-axis polarized light; />Differential operation is carried out between the quasi-slow axis polarized lights to obtain +.>Differential type expansion phase differential>，/>，；/>The quasi-slow axis polarized lights are accumulated every two by two to obtain +.>The class is accumulated type expansion phase differential +.>，/>，/>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In total->And (5) phase-like differential combination.
(5) The pair of interference function submodules 13Interference is carried out on polarized light combined by quasi-phase differential so as to obtain +.>Like an interference light signal.
Based on Faraday magneto-optical effectThe above->Phase-like differential combinations correspond to->Optical path-like length. Wherein (1)>Basic phase differential->The actual optical path length corresponding to said annular micro-difference segment +.>；/>Differential-like expansion phase differential>Corresponding equivalent optical path length->，/>Is the differential equivalent optical path length coefficient, < >>；/>Class accumulation type expansion phase differential>Corresponding equivalent optical path length->，/>In order to accumulate the equivalent optical path length coefficients,。
the phase ranges corresponding to the quasi-phase differential combinations are all +.>，/>Optical path-like length corresponding->The measuring range of the quasi-current is +.>Wherein->For the total light path coefficient>Taking->。
Based on the relation characteristic of the measuring range and the optical path length, the optical path length in the measuring system is designed by adopting an optical path structure optimization method, and a feedback self-compensation method is provided to realize high-accuracy measurement of the current to be measured.
Referring to fig. 4, the optical path structure optimization method in the measurement system includes:
step S1, presetting a basic value:
each optical path length of the multi-stage differential optical path sensing structureCurrent measurement range->Magneto-optical systemCoefficient->Proportional coefficient of light intensity detection deviation relative to maximum deflection angle light intensity +.>And maximum allowable relative error of current measurement +.>；
S2, constructing an optimization target:
solving the minimum practical number of light paths meeting all constraint conditions；
S3, constructing a constraint set:
s3-1, total class number of optical path lengthAnd->The constraint relation is satisfied: />；
S3-2、，/>For the actual optical path length coefficient of the multistage differential optical path sensing structure, calculating a differential equivalent optical path length coefficient +.>，/>Accumulating equivalent optical path length coefficient->，/>Total light path coefficient->，；
And->The constraint relation is satisfied: />，/>；
And->The constraint relation is satisfied: />，/>；
And->、/>、/>The constraint relation is satisfied: />、
；
S3-3, calculationOptical path-like length corresponding->Class range: />；
，/>And->，/>The constraint relation is satisfied: />；
Determination ofClass measurement range: />；
Set the firstThe lower and upper bounds of the class measurement range are +.>、/>Wherein->、/>；
S3-4, maximum allowable relative error constraint of current measurement:，/>indicating that the maximum relative error under the j-th class of measurement range is smaller than the maximum allowable relative error of the flow measurement +.>；
S3-5, sensing optical path length coefficient of the pre-measurement single optical path sensing structureThe constraint is satisfied: />；
Step S4, solving an intelligent optimization algorithm:
solving an optimization problem formed by an optimization target and a constraint set by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm, and outputting the minimum actual number of light paths meeting all constraint conditionsAnd a set of actual optical path length coefficients satisfying the constraint condition +.>And->。
The following describes the steps of the above-mentioned optical path structure optimization method in detail by using a specific example:
s1, presetting a basic value: according to the typical value of the all-fiber current measurement system, each optical path length of the multistage differential optical path sensing structure is setCurrent measurement range->Magneto-optical coefficient of system>Proportional coefficient of light intensity detection deviation relative to maximum deflection angle light intensity +.>Maximum allowable relative error of current measurement +.>；
S2, constructing an optimization target: solving the minimum practical number of light paths meeting all constraint conditions；
S3, constructing a constraint set:
s3-1, total class number of optical path lengthAnd->The constraint relation is satisfied: />；
S3-2、For the actual optical path length coefficient of the multistage differential optical path sensing structure, further, calculating differential equivalent optical path length coefficient +.>Accumulating equivalent optical path length coefficient->Total light path coefficient->；
And->The constraint relation is satisfied: />；
And->The constraint relation is satisfied: />；
And->、/>、/>The constraint relation is satisfied:
、/>；
alternatively, the process may be carried out in a single-stage,is an integer multiple of 0.1;
s3-3, calculationOptical path-like length corresponding->Class range: />；
And->The constraint relation is satisfied: />；
Determination ofClass measurement range: />；
Set the firstThe lower and upper bounds of the class measurement range are +.>、/>Wherein->、/>；
S3-4, maximum allowable relative error constraint of current measurement:represents->The maximum relative error under the class measurement range is smaller than the maximum allowable relative error of the flow measurement +.>；
S3-5, sensing optical path length coefficient of the pre-measurement single optical path sensing structureThe constraint is satisfied: />；
S4, solving an intelligent optimization algorithm:
solving the optimization problem formed by the optimization target and the constraint set by adopting a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to obtain the minimum practical number of light paths meeting the constraint conditionAnd a set of actual optical path length coefficients +.>、；
Correspondingly, the differential equivalent optical path length coefficient of the multistage differential optical path sensing structureAccumulating equivalent optical path length coefficient ∈ ->，
Total light path coefficient；
Accordingly, according to constraint relationCalculated out->Optical path-like length corresponding->Class range:
；
accordingly, 9 types of measurement ranges can be obtained:
，
；
can be proved and calculated, and the 9 types of measurement ranges all meet。
Based on the above relationship, referring to FIG. 5, when a current flows on the primary carrier fluidThe feedback self-compensation method comprises the following steps:
step S1', the phase differential signal measured by the pre-measurement single-light path sensing structure isCalculating the approximate output of the current to be measured>；
Step S2', according toSearching an optimal measurement range corresponding to the multi-level differential optical path sensing structure>，/>Setting the real-time phase differential signal of the light path corresponding to the measuring range as +.>Damping feedback compensation phase is +.>The output light intensity is +.>Wherein->，/>Is a conversion coefficient of the photoelectric converter;
step S3', according to the output light intensity of the light path corresponding to the optimal measuring rangeFor->Feedback regulation is carried out to realizeThe regulation and control process is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is->Stabilized feedback Compensation>Estimated output intensity of time,/->For the primary damping feedback compensation function->For the secondary damping feedback compensation function->，
，/>；
For predicting the phase differential signal of the single optical path sensing structure under the optimal measuring range, the method comprises the following steps of +.>；/>、/>、/>、/>For PID feedback coefficient, ++>，/>Is a proportionality coefficient, optionally +.>；
S4', measurement of the measured currentWherein->For the optimum measuring range->Corresponding optical path length, wherein->。
The optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensating optical fiber current measuring system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the measuring system can obtain the orthogonal polarized light with corresponding different basic phase differential by arranging the sensing coil structures with various light path lengths. Further, the orthogonal polarized light is subjected to fast and slow axis splitting and interference after recombination, so that a richer expansion phase differential and a corresponding multistage range are obtained. On the basis of expanding the measuring range, each level of measuring range can realize high-precision measurement of current meeting the preset relative error condition, and the problems of limited measuring range and insufficient resolution faced by single optical path length are effectively solved.
2. The optical path structure optimization method carries out high-efficiency optimization design on the optical path length, and can efficiently obtain the target length coefficient meeting the system requirement by reasonably setting constraint conditions.
3. The feedback self-compensation method adopts a pre-measurement single-light path sensing structure to pre-estimate the current to be measured, and selects the optimal range to measure the current value to be measured. Specifically, the quick response of the feedback phase is realized through the two-stage feedback follow-up regulation and control of the primary and the secondary of the feedback phase, and meanwhile, the relative error of a measurement result is effectively restrained, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are focused on, and for those portions of one embodiment that are not described in detail, reference may be made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The optical fiber current measurement system is characterized by comprising an emission light source, an optical signal comprehensive processing module, a phase modulation module, a circularly polarized light modulation module, a multi-stage differential optical path sensing structure, a predicted single optical path sensing structure, a photoelectric conversion module and a data processing module;
the measuring system is input by the emitting light sourceIncident light of the road, wherein->The incident light passes through the multi-stage differential light path sensing structure,/->The incident light passes through a pre-measurement single-light-path sensing structure;
the optical signal comprehensive processing module comprises a coupling function sub-module, a polarization function sub-module, an orthogonal polarization light modulation function sub-module, a light splitting function sub-module and an interference function sub-module;
the saidThe incident light passes through the coupling function sub-module, the polarization function sub-module and the orthogonal polarization light modulation function sub-module to form +.>Light with orthogonal polarization is transmitted; the phase modulation module is for the +.>Respectively introducing the modulated phases into the path of the orthogonal polarized light, wherein the modulated phases are calculated by the data processing module; the circularly polarized light modulation module modulates the modulated lightThe path of orthogonal polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light and is respectively input into the multi-stage differential optical path sensing structure and the predicted quantity single optical path sensing structure;
the multistage differential optical path sensing structureThe length of the sensor light path is->The +.about.of the predicted single-light-path sensing structure>The length of the sensor light path is->The length of the sensing light path is determined by a light path structure optimization method;
the saidThe circularly polarized light is reflected by a corresponding reflector at the tail end of the light path sensing structure to output +.>Circularly polarized light of the return path; said->The return circularly polarized light is converted into +.>The return Cheng Zhengjiao polarized light; said->Road sum->The path return orthogonal polarized light sequentially passes through the phase modulation module, the light splitting function sub-module and the interference function sub-module to output +.>Road sum->A path-interfering optical signal;
the photoelectric conversion module receivesThe path interference optical signals convert the light intensity signals into electric signals and input the electric signals to the data processing module;
the data processing module receivesBy way of electrical signals, passingCalculating a final current measured value by a feedback self-compensation method;
the optical path structure optimization method in the measuring system comprises the following steps:
step S1, presetting a basic value:
each optical path length of the multi-stage differential optical path sensing structureCurrent measurement range->Magneto-optical coefficient of system>Proportional coefficient of light intensity detection deviation relative to maximum deflection angle light intensity +.>And maximum allowable relative error of current measurement +.>；
S2, constructing an optimization target:
solving the minimum practical number of light paths meeting all constraint conditions；
S3, constructing a constraint set:
s3-1, total class number of optical path lengthAnd->The constraint relation is satisfied: />；
S3-2、For the actual optical path length coefficient of the multistage differential optical path sensing structure, calculating a differential equivalent optical path length coefficient +.> ，/>Accumulating equivalent optical path length coefficient->，/>Total light path coefficient->；
And->The constraint relation is satisfied: />，/>；
And->The constraint relation is satisfied: />，/>，/>；
And->The constraint relation is satisfied: />，/>；
S3-3, calculationOptical path-like length corresponding->Class range: />；
And->The constraint relation is satisfied: />；
Determination ofClass measurement range: />；
Set the firstThe lower and upper bounds of the class measurement range are +.>、/>Wherein->；
S3-4, maximum allowable relative error constraint of current measurement:indicating that the maximum relative error under the j-th class of measurement range is smaller than the maximum allowable relative error of the flow measurement +.>；
S3-5, sensing optical path length coefficient of the pre-measurement single optical path sensing structureThe constraint is satisfied: />；
Step S4, solving an intelligent optimization algorithm:
solving an optimization problem formed by an optimization target and a constraint set by adopting an intelligent optimization algorithm, and outputting the minimum actual number of light paths meeting all constraint conditionsAnd a set of actual optical path length coefficients satisfying the constraint condition +.>And->。
2. The optical fiber current measurement system of claim 1, wherein the optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensation system is characterized in that；
The phase modulation module is opposite to the phase modulation moduleThe modulation phase introduced by the orthogonal polarized light is a fixed square wave modulation phase;
the light splitting function sub-module is not opposite to the light splitting function sub-moduleThe beam splitting operation is performed on the light with the orthogonal polarization, only the +.>The light with the orthogonal polarization is split.
3. The optical fiber current measuring system with optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensation according to claim 1, wherein,
the primary carrier fluid passes through the hollow parts of the multistage differential optical path sensing structure and the predicted measurement single optical path sensing structure and is based on Faraday magneto-optical effectInput to the optical splitting function sub-module +.>Base of two beams of polarized light orthogonal to each other in the path-back orthogonal polarized lightThe basic phase differential is +.>Input to the optical splitting function sub-module +.>The basic phase difference of two beams of polarized light which are mutually orthogonal in the path-back orthogonal polarized light is；
Wherein,for polarized light deflection angle +.>For the current value to be measured, < >>For the optical path length subject to the magnetic field of the current, +.>Is a magneto-optical constant coefficient of the system, and the coefficient is related to the structure of the all-fiber current measurement system.
4. The optical fiber current measuring system with optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensation according to claim 1, wherein,
the light splitting function sub-module is opposite to the light splitting function sub-moduleThe light with the path back Cheng Zhengjiao polarization is orthogonally decomposed, and each path of two beams of polarized light which are mutually orthogonal are decomposed into fast-axis polarized light and slow-axis polarized light, which are in total ∈>Lu Pianzhen light;
optionally one axial polarizationOptical phase alignment operation, assuming that the fast axis is selected for polarized optical phase alignment, after alignmentThe phase of the polarized light of the fast axis is kept consistent and is defined as +.>Phase, get->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Corresponding->The phase of the polarized light of the slow axis is；
Performing differential operation on slow-axis polarized light and 1-axis polarized light to obtain +.>Basic phase differential->，，/>Indicate->A slow axis polarization phase; />Differential operation is carried out between the quasi-slow axis polarized lights to obtain +.>Differential-like expansion phase differential>，/>，/>；The quasi-slow axis polarized lights are accumulated to obtain +.>Class accumulation type expansion phase differential>，The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In total->And (5) phase-like differential combination.
5. The optical fiber current measuring system with optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensation according to claim 1, wherein,
based on Faraday magneto-optical effect，/>Phase-like differential combinations correspond to->Quasi-lightPath length, wherein->Basic phase differential->The actual optical path length corresponding to the multistage differential optical path sensing structure>；/>Differential-like expansion phase differential>Corresponding equivalent optical path length->Wherein->Is the differential equivalent optical path length coefficient, < >>；/>Class accumulation type expansion phase differential>Corresponding equivalent optical path length->Wherein->In order to accumulate the equivalent optical path length coefficients,。
6. the optical fiber current measuring system with optical path micro-differential range equivalent and feedback self-compensation according to claim 1, wherein,
based on Faraday magneto-optical effect，/>The phase ranges corresponding to the quasi-phase differential combinations are all +.>，/>Optical path-like length corresponding->The measuring range of the quasi-current is +.>Wherein->For the total light path coefficient>Taking->。
7. The optical fiber current measurement system of claim 1, wherein the calculating the final current measurement by the feedback self-compensation method comprises:
step S1', predicting the phase measured by the single optical path sensing structureThe bit differential signal isCalculating the approximate output of the current to be measured；
Step S2', according toSearching an optimal measurement range corresponding to the multi-level differential optical path sensing structure>Setting the real-time phase differential signal of the light path corresponding to the measuring range as +.>Damping feedback compensation phase is +.>The output light intensity is +.>Wherein->，/>Is a conversion coefficient of the photoelectric converter;
step S3', according to the output light intensity of the light path corresponding to the optimal measuring rangeFor->Feedback regulation is performed to achieve p->The regulation and control process is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is->Stabilized feedback Compensation>Estimated output intensity of time,/->For the primary damping feedback compensation function,for the secondary damping feedback compensation function->，/>，；/>For predicting the phase differential signal of the single optical path sensing structure under the optimal measuring range, the method comprises the following steps of +.>；/>For PID feedback coefficient, ++>，Is a proportionality coefficient;
step S4', measurement of measured currentWherein->For the optimum measuring range->Corresponding optical path length.
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