CN117403091A - Graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN117403091A
CN117403091A CN202311704626.6A CN202311704626A CN117403091A CN 117403091 A CN117403091 A CN 117403091A CN 202311704626 A CN202311704626 A CN 202311704626A CN 117403091 A CN117403091 A CN 117403091A
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graphene
powder
aluminum alloy
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aluminum
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冯朝阳
文红
卢云
况石
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
    • C22C1/059—Making alloys comprising less than 5% by weight of dispersed reinforcing phases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling

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  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of nano materials. According to the method, the aluminum alloy composite material is obtained by carrying out cold press molding and then hot press sintering on an aviation aluminum alloy composite material obtained by carrying out graphene modification on aluminum composite metallurgical powder. The material can be used for preparing aircraft parts such as aircraft skins, aircraft control surfaces, wings, tails and the like through stretching and extending, and also can be used for preparing aircraft structural parts such as aircraft frames and the like through forging and pressing. Compared with the existing similar products, the strength, the rigidity and the Young modulus of the aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the method are greatly improved, and if the strength of an aircraft structural member is not changed, the weight of the aluminum alloy composite material can be reduced by up to 30 percent; and the production equipment is simple, the production period is short, the process is simple, and the method is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

Graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nano materials, and relates to a graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
"weight loss" is one of the most central development directions of aircraft. A typical airliner, if it can weigh 300 kg, will bring net revenue to airlines in the order of $1000 per year, while a airliner will have a life of up to 20 years. While the take-off weight of a passenger aircraft can be as high as 100 tons, aircraft designers all over the world have a "struggle to reduce the weight per gram, which is more precious than gold. For civil airliners flying at high speeds, the airframe material is the foundation in the foundation, with emphasis on the emphasis. Engineering designers in various countries are pursuing new materials that are lighter, stronger, and stronger. Currently, the main stream aviation materials in international use are mainly composite materials represented by aluminum alloy, steel, titanium alloy and carbon fiber.
The appearance of the graphene enables various materials to be greatly enhanced in strength and rigidity, and weight reduction of an aircraft is possible on the premise of not changing the strength and rigidity of the materials.
In the aviation material, the aluminum alloy occupies a big head. The aluminum alloy consumption of the Boeing 747 aircraft flying first in 1969 accounts for 81 percent of the total consumption, and the specific gravity of the aluminum alloy is reduced to 70 percent by the Boeing 777 flying first in 1994. To date, the fuselage weight of chinese C919 is about 42.1 tons, and aluminum alloy has been used below the equivalent of air passenger 320 and boeing 737, but still at a 50% ratio.
Products of the aviation aluminum alloy composite material prepared by coating the redox graphene have been found, the products do improve the strength and rigidity performance of the aviation aluminum alloy composite material, the service life of the products is prolonged, but the performances of the graphene obtained by other preparation methods cannot be achieved due to the natural defects of the graphene oxide, and the aviation aluminum alloy composite material is required to be modified by using defect-free graphene to improve the performances to the greatest extent.
Defect-free graphene, although the world's material with the best strength and stiffness properties at present, is difficult to use because of the fact that these ultra-strong properties account for the ultra-strong van der waals forces between its molecules, which makes it difficult to disperse and easy to agglomerate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a preparation method of a graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material, aiming at aluminum alloy (particularly aluminum alloy 7075 and aluminum alloy 2024) with the largest usage ratio in the current aviation material. The method greatly improves the strength and rigidity of the aluminum alloy composite material, improves the antistatic performance, improves the wear resistance of the material and prolongs the service life of the material. In aircraft design and manufacture, the weight of the corresponding component can be reduced by at least 30% without changing the structure and mechanical properties.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
placing the aluminum alloy powder and graphene powder with the volume fraction of 0.5% -2% into an industrial automatic powder stirrer for mixing and stirring for 2-4 hours to obtain aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder (fire sources must be stopped in the mixing and stirring process due to the inflammability and explosiveness of aluminum powder);
placing the aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder prepared in the step 1) into a high-power ultrasonic separator with the power of more than 1500W, adding an industrial pure alcohol solution (or an industrial pure ether solution) according to the proportion of 1mg/1ml, and vibrating and fully dispersing for 60-90 minutes to enable the mixed powder to be in a flowable paste (taking no layering as a standard when the mixed powder is at rest) in a container, so as to prepare the final graphene-modified aluminum-based composite slurry. The graphene-aluminum composite powder with uniformly dispersed graphene can be effectively obtained by adopting alcohol (or ether) solution dispersion. The polarity of the alcohol solvent is similar to that of the graphene, the van der Waals force between the alcohol solvent and the graphene is larger than that of the graphene agglomerated, and the agglomerated graphene is peeled off, dispersed and extended through high-power ultrasonic oscillation due to the stronger van der Waals force between the graphene, so that the graphene can be uniformly dispersed in the solvent;
and (3) drying the graphene modified aluminum-based composite material slurry prepared in the step (2) in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 60-90 minutes, wherein in the vacuum drying process, the solvent volatilizes, and the graphene is kept in a dispersed state. Preparing final graphene modified aluminum-based composite material powder;
and (3) putting the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder prepared in the step (3) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling to perform secondary dispersion of the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder (graphene is a natural flame retardant, and the explosion resistance of the obtained composite powder is weakened). Ball milling time is 3-5 hours, rotating speed is 200-300 r/min, ball material mass ratio is 30-50:1, ball milling process is carried out under nitrogen atmosphere protection to prevent aluminum powder from being oxidized. After ball milling, the aluminum particles have little dimensional change, hardly break under ball milling impact, and are not adhered to each other, and the spherical shape is still well maintained; the agglomerated graphene is dispersed, the graphene is uniformly distributed in the aluminum particles in a flake shape, and in the ball milling process, the grinding materials and the aluminum particles have mechanical effects such as impact, shearing and the like on the graphene, so that Van der Waals force between graphene flake layers is destroyed again, and the composite material powder, particularly the graphene in the composite material powder, is kept in an effective dispersion state;
placing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite material powder prepared in the step 4) into a graphite mold at room temperature, and performing cold press molding by using a hydraulic press, wherein the cold press pressure is 30-50 MPa;
placing the final graphene modified aluminum-based composite material briquette obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum hot-pressing reaction sintering furnace, hot-pressing and sintering the cold-pressed briquette in a vacuum environment, wherein the sintering temperature is 580-780 ℃, and the hot pressing is 7-9 kN/cm 2 Vacuum degree is 1-2 x10 -2 Pa, sintering time is 4-6 hours. The graphene in the sintered aluminum-based composite material pressing block is uniformly combined in the composite material and cannot be agglomerated again, and the excellent characteristic of graphene modification can be realizedPositive embodiment;
and cooling the composite material along with a furnace after sintering is finished, and preparing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite material block. The final graphene modified aluminum-based composite material block can be used for forging structural parts and calendaring stretching parts;
the graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material has the following advantages:
1. the strength, the rigidity and the modulus are greatly improved. If the strength of the aircraft structural member is not changed, the weight of the aircraft structural member can be reduced by up to 30 percent. This means that the aircraft operating costs are greatly reduced. According to measurement and calculation, if a common passenger plane can reduce the weight by 1 kg, the net income of 3 ten thousand dollars can be brought to an airline company every year, and the service life of the passenger plane is enough to be 20 years, and the net income of 60 ten thousand dollars can be brought to the airline company by reducing the weight by 1 kg.
2. The conductivity is greatly improved so that the antistatic property is greatly improved;
3. the wear resistance is greatly improved, the environmental adaptability is strong, and the service life of the product is prolonged by more than two times;
4. can be used as a base material for integrated hot casting;
5. the production equipment is simple, the production period is short, the process is simple, and the method is suitable for large-scale production;
drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart for preparing a graphene aviation aluminum alloy composite material.
Detailed Description
Example 1
1) Placing aluminum alloy 1060 powder and graphene powder with the volume fraction of 0.5% into an industrial automatic powder stirrer, mixing and stirring for 4 hours to obtain uniform aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder;
2) Placing the aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder prepared in the step 1) into a high-power ultrasonic separator with the power of more than 1500W, adding industrial ethanol (95%) according to the proportion of 1mg/1ml, vibrating and fully dispersing for 90 minutes, so that the mixed powder is in a flowable paste (taking no layering as a standard when standing) in a container, and preparing the final graphene-modified aluminum-based composite slurry;
3) Drying the graphene modified aluminum-based composite slurry prepared in the step 2) in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 90 minutes;
4) And 3) putting the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder prepared in the step 3) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling to perform secondary dispersion of the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder. Ball milling time is 5 hours, the rotating speed is 300 revolutions per minute, the ball material mass ratio is 30:1, and the ball milling process is carried out under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere so as to prevent aluminum powder from being oxidized;
5) Placing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder material prepared in the step 4) into a graphite mold at room temperature, and performing cold press molding by using a hydraulic press, wherein the cold press pressure is 50 MPa;
6) Placing the final graphene modified aluminum-based composite material briquette obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum hot-pressing reaction sintering furnace, and hot-pressing and sintering the cold-pressed briquette in a vacuum environment, wherein the sintering temperature is 780 ℃ and the hot pressing is 9 kN/cm 2 Vacuum degree of 2 x10 -2 Pa, sintering time is 6 hours;
7) And cooling the composite material along with a furnace after sintering is finished, and preparing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite material block.
Example 2
1) Placing aluminum alloy 1060 powder and graphene powder with the volume fraction of 0.5% into an industrial automatic powder stirrer, mixing and stirring for 2 hours to obtain uniform aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder;
2) Placing the aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder prepared in the step 1) into a high-power ultrasonic separator with the power of more than 1500W, adding industrial ethanol (95%) according to the proportion of 1mg/1ml, vibrating and fully dispersing for 60 minutes, so that the mixed powder is in a flowable paste (taking no layering as a standard when standing) in a container, and preparing the final graphene-modified aluminum-based composite slurry;
3) Drying the graphene modified aluminum-based composite slurry prepared in the step 2) in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 60 minutes;
4) And 3) putting the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder prepared in the step 3) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling to perform secondary dispersion of the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder. Ball milling is carried out for 3 hours at a rotating speed of 200 revolutions per minute and a ball material mass ratio of 50:1, and the ball milling process is carried out under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere so as to prevent aluminum powder from being oxidized;
5) Placing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder material prepared in the step 4) into a graphite mold at room temperature, and performing cold press molding by using a hydraulic press, wherein the cold press pressure is 30 MPa;
6) Placing the final graphene modified aluminum-based composite material briquette obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum hot-pressing reaction sintering furnace, hot-pressing and sintering the cold-pressed briquette in a vacuum environment, wherein the sintering temperature is 580 ℃, and hot pressing is 7 kN/cm 2 Vacuum degree of 1 x10 -2 Pa, sintering time is 4 hours;
7) And cooling the composite material along with a furnace after sintering is finished, and preparing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite material block.
Example 3
1) Placing aluminum alloy 1060 powder and graphene powder with the volume fraction of 1.0% into an industrial automatic powder stirrer, mixing and stirring for 2 hours to obtain uniform aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder;
2) Placing the aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder prepared in the step 1) into a high-power ultrasonic separator with the power of more than 1500W, adding industrial ethanol (95%) according to the proportion of 1mg/1ml, vibrating and fully dispersing for 60 minutes, so that the mixed powder is in a flowable paste (taking no layering as a standard when standing) in a container, and preparing the final graphene-modified aluminum-based composite slurry;
3) Drying the graphene modified aluminum-based composite slurry prepared in the step 2) in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 60 minutes;
4) And 3) putting the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder prepared in the step 3) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling to perform secondary dispersion of the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder. Ball milling is carried out for 3 hours at a rotating speed of 200 revolutions per minute and a ball material mass ratio of 50:1, and the ball milling process is carried out under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere so as to prevent aluminum powder from being oxidized;
5) Placing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder material prepared in the step 4) into a graphite mold at room temperature, and performing cold press molding by using a hydraulic press, wherein the cold press pressure is 30 MPa;
6) Placing the final graphene modified aluminum-based composite material briquette obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum hot-pressing reaction sintering furnace, hot-pressing and sintering the cold-pressed briquette in a vacuum environment, wherein the sintering temperature is 580 ℃, and hot pressing is 7 kN/cm 2 Vacuum degree of 1 x10 -2 Pa, sintering time is 4 hours;
7) And cooling the composite material along with a furnace after sintering is finished, and preparing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite material block.
Example 4
1) Placing aluminum alloy 1060 powder and graphene powder with the volume fraction of 2.0% into an industrial automatic powder stirrer for mixing and stirring for 2 hours to obtain uniform aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder;
2) Placing the aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder prepared in the step 1) into a high-power ultrasonic separator with the power of more than 1500W, adding industrial ethanol (95%) according to the proportion of 1mg/1ml, vibrating and fully dispersing for 60 minutes, so that the mixed powder is in a flowable paste (taking no layering as a standard when standing) in a container, and preparing the final graphene-modified aluminum-based composite slurry;
3) Drying the graphene modified aluminum-based composite slurry prepared in the step 2) in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 60 minutes;
4) And 3) putting the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder prepared in the step 3) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling to perform secondary dispersion of the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder. Ball milling is carried out for 3 hours at a rotating speed of 200 revolutions per minute and a ball material mass ratio of 50:1, and the ball milling process is carried out under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere so as to prevent aluminum powder from being oxidized;
5) Placing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder material prepared in the step 4) into a graphite mold at room temperature, and performing cold press molding by using a hydraulic press, wherein the cold press pressure is 30 MPa;
6) Placing the final graphene modified aluminum-based composite material briquette obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum hot-pressing reaction sintering furnace, hot-pressing and sintering the cold-pressed briquette in a vacuum environment, wherein the sintering temperature is 580 ℃, and hot pressing is 7 kN/cm 2 Vacuum degree of 1 x10 -2 Pa, during sinteringThe time is 4 hours;
7) Cooling the composite material along with a furnace after sintering is finished, and preparing a graphene modified aluminum-based composite material block;
example 5
1) Placing aluminum alloy 7075 powder and graphene powder with the volume fraction of 1.0% into an industrial automatic powder stirrer for mixing and stirring for 2 hours to obtain uniform aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder;
2) Placing the aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder prepared in the step 1) into a high-power ultrasonic separator with the power of more than 1500W, adding industrial ethanol (95%) according to the proportion of 1mg/1ml, vibrating and fully dispersing for 60 minutes, so that the mixed powder is in a flowable paste (taking no layering as a standard when standing) in a container, and preparing the final graphene-modified aluminum-based composite slurry;
3) Drying the graphene modified aluminum-based composite slurry prepared in the step 2) in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 60 minutes;
4) And 3) putting the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder prepared in the step 3) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling to perform secondary dispersion of the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder. Ball milling is carried out for 3 hours at a rotating speed of 200 revolutions per minute and a ball material mass ratio of 50:1, and the ball milling process is carried out under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere so as to prevent aluminum powder from being oxidized;
5) Placing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder material prepared in the step 4) into a graphite mold at room temperature, and performing cold press molding by using a hydraulic press, wherein the cold press pressure is 30 MPa;
6) Placing the final graphene modified aluminum-based composite material briquette obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum hot-pressing reaction sintering furnace, hot-pressing and sintering the cold-pressed briquette in a vacuum environment, wherein the sintering temperature is 580 ℃, and hot pressing is 7 kN/cm 2 Vacuum degree of 1 x10 -2 Pa, sintering time is 4 hours;
7) Cooling the composite material along with a furnace after sintering is finished, and preparing a graphene modified aluminum-based composite material block;
example 6
1) Placing aluminum alloy 2024 powder and graphene powder with the volume fraction of 1.0% into an industrial automatic powder stirrer, and mixing and stirring for 2 hours to obtain uniform aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder;
2) Placing the aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder prepared in the step 1) into a high-power ultrasonic separator with the power of more than 1500W, adding industrial ethanol (95%) according to the proportion of 1mg/1ml, vibrating and fully dispersing for 60 minutes, so that the mixed powder is in a flowable paste (taking no layering as a standard when standing) in a container, and preparing the final graphene-modified aluminum-based composite slurry;
3) Drying the graphene modified aluminum-based composite slurry prepared in the step 2) in a vacuum drying oven at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 60 minutes;
4) And 3) putting the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder prepared in the step 3) into a planetary ball mill for ball milling to perform secondary dispersion of the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder. Ball milling is carried out for 3 hours at a rotating speed of 200 revolutions per minute and a ball material mass ratio of 50:1, and the ball milling process is carried out under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere so as to prevent aluminum powder from being oxidized;
5) Placing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder material prepared in the step 4) into a graphite mold at room temperature, and performing cold press molding by using a hydraulic press, wherein the cold press pressure is 30 MPa;
6) Placing the final graphene modified aluminum-based composite material briquette obtained in the step 5) into a vacuum hot-pressing reaction sintering furnace, hot-pressing and sintering the cold-pressed briquette in a vacuum environment, wherein the sintering temperature is 580 ℃, and hot pressing is 7 kN/cm 2 Vacuum degree of 1 x10 -2 Pa, sintering time is 4 hours;
7) Cooling the composite material along with a furnace after sintering is finished, and preparing a graphene modified aluminum-based composite material block;
table 1 shows the properties associated with the preparation of examples 1-6, wherein the tensile strength and elastic modulus are both greatly improved for the original aluminum alloy, and the elongation is both improved; the effects of improving the Brinell hardness, the compressive strength, the shearing strength and the yield strength are obvious, the wear resistance is greatly improved, the environmental adaptability is strong, the effect of greatly improving the performance of the aluminum alloy is proved by adding the graphene, and the graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material can greatly reduce the operation cost under the condition of improving the performance when being applied to the aviation field.
Table 1 graphene modified aeronautical aluminum alloy composite sample properties
Case and comparison before modification Original pure aluminum alloy 1 2 3 4 Raw aluminum alloy 7075 5 Raw aluminum alloy 2024 6
Specific gravity (g/cm 3) 2.85 2.836 2.836 2.822 2.744 2.8 2.772 2.78 2.752
Tensile strength (MPa) 90 320 320 550 600 550 2700 420 2100
Elongation (%) 7 7.2 7.2 7.5 7.6 11 13 20 21
Elastic modulus (GPa) 72 108 108 180 220 71 185 68 178
Brinell Hardness (HB) 30 45 45 87 88 150 155 120 124
Compressive strength (MPa) 75 78 78 82 80 123 148 105 116
Shear strength (MPa) 28 180 180 350 380 150 730 285 1130
Yield strength (MPa) 75 500 500 1020 1500 450 2500 280 1800
Corrosion/wear resistance Difference of difference In (a) In (a) Good grade (good) Good grade (good) In (a) Excellent (excellent) Difference of difference Good grade (good)
Finally, 1060 (17-20% by mass of Al, 1.5-3.0% by mass of Si, 2.5-4.5% by mass of Cu, 0.02-0.05% by mass of Sb, 0.05-0.1% by mass of Mg, 0.05-0.10% by mass of Sc and the balance of Zn) is the aluminum alloy of the above examples 1-4; the aluminum alloy of the example 5 is 7075-T73 (the mass percentage is Si 0.4%, fe 0.5%, cu 1.2-2.0%, mn 0.3%, mg 2.1-2.9%, cr 0.18-0.28%, zn 5.1-6.1%, ti 0.2%, and the balance Al); the aluminum alloy of example 6 is selected from 2024-T4 (87.6-91.87% by mass of Al, 0.5% by mass of Si, 0.5% by mass of Fe, 3.8-4.9% by mass of Cu, 0.3-0.9% by mass of Mn, 1.2-1.8% by mass of Mg, 0.10% by mass of Cr, 0.25% by mass of Zn, 0.15% by mass of Ti, and the balance Al) for illustrating the technical scheme of the present invention, but not limiting, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical scheme of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, and that the scope of the claims of the present invention shall be covered.

Claims (5)

1. The preparation method of the graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: placing aluminum alloy powder and graphene powder with the volume fraction of 0.5% -2% into an industrial automatic powder stirrer, mixing and stirring for 2-4 hours, and isolating a fire source during stirring to obtain aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder;
s2: placing the aluminum-based graphene composite mixed powder into a high-power ultrasonic separator with the weight of more than 1500W, adding a pure alcohol solution according to the proportion of 1mg/1ml, vibrating and fully dispersing for 60-90 minutes to enable the mixed powder to be in a flowable pasty state in a container, and taking non-layering as a standard when the mixed powder is stationary to prepare the final graphene modified aluminum-based composite slurry;
s3: drying the graphene modified aluminum-based composite slurry in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 60-90 minutes, and volatilizing a solvent to obtain graphene modified aluminum-based composite material powder;
s4: placing the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder into a planetary ball mill for ball milling to perform secondary dispersion of the graphene modified aluminum-based composite powder, wherein the ball milling time is 3-5 hours, the rotating speed is 200-300 r/min, the ball material mass ratio is 30-50:1, and the ball milling process is performed under the protection of nitrogen atmosphere;
s5: placing the ball-milled graphene modified aluminum-based composite material powder into a graphite mold at room temperature, and performing cold press molding by using a hydraulic press, wherein the cold press pressure is 30-50 MPa;
s6: putting the graphene modified aluminum-based composite material briquette obtained in the step S5 into a vacuum hot-pressing reaction sintering furnace, hot-pressing and sintering the cold-pressed briquette in a vacuum environment, wherein the sintering temperature is 580-780 ℃, and the hot pressing is 7-9 kN/cm 2 Vacuum degree is 1-2 x10 -2 Pa, sintering time is 4-6 hours;
s7: and cooling the composite material along with a furnace after sintering to obtain the final graphene modified aluminum-based composite material.
2. The method for preparing the graphene-modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, wherein the pure alcohol solution is industrial ethanol.
3. The method for preparing the graphene-modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 1, wherein the pure alcohol solution can be replaced by a pure ether solution.
4. A graphene-modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material prepared by the preparation method of the graphene-modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composite material comprises the following components: the aluminum alloy powder and the graphene powder, wherein the volume fraction of the graphene powder is 0.5% -2%.
5. The graphene-modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material according to claim 4, wherein the aluminum alloy powder is aluminum alloy 1060 powder, aluminum alloy 7075 powder or aluminum alloy 2024 powder;
wherein the aluminum alloy 1060 powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 17-20% of Al, 1.5-3.0% of Si, 2.5-4.5% of Cu, 0.02-0.05% of Sb, 0.05-0.1% of Mg, 0.05-0.10% of Sc and the balance of Zn;
the aluminum alloy 7075 powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 1.2-2.0% of Cu, 0.3% of Mn, 2.1-2.9% of Mg, 0.18-0.28% of Cr, 5.1-6.1% of Zn, 0.2% of Ti and the balance of Al;
the aluminum alloy 2024 powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 87.6-91.87% of Al, 0.5% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 3.8-4.9% of Cu, 0.3-0.9% of Mn, 1.2-1.8% of Mg, 0.10% of Cr, 0.25% of Zn, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
CN202311704626.6A 2023-12-13 2023-12-13 Graphene modified aviation aluminum alloy composite material and preparation method thereof Pending CN117403091A (en)

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