CN117402631A - Destructive distillation method and destructive distillation device for normal-temperature gas quenching by medium-temperature gas pyrolysis - Google Patents
Destructive distillation method and destructive distillation device for normal-temperature gas quenching by medium-temperature gas pyrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN117402631A CN117402631A CN202311491788.6A CN202311491788A CN117402631A CN 117402631 A CN117402631 A CN 117402631A CN 202311491788 A CN202311491788 A CN 202311491788A CN 117402631 A CN117402631 A CN 117402631A
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- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 245
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 310
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004058 oil shale Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B21/00—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases
- C10B21/08—Heating of coke ovens with combustible gases by applying special heating gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B39/00—Cooling or quenching coke
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
Abstract
The invention relates to a carbonization method and a carbonization device for normal-temperature gas quenching by medium-temperature gas pyrolysis, wherein the carbonization device comprises a vertical carbonization furnace, a semicoke bin and a stripping bin; the vertical carbonization furnace is internally provided with a drying and low-temperature carbonization section, a medium-temperature carbonization section and a cooling section, the external medium-temperature coal gas enters the medium-temperature carbonization section to fully dry-distill the materials, the external normal-temperature coal gas enters the cooling section to recycle the heat of the semi-coke, and the coal gas obtained after medium-temperature carbonization and semi-coke heat recycling and the low-temperature raw coal gas generated by material pyrolysis are used as heat sources of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section, so that the full utilization of the heat is realized, the oil and the gas in the materials are fully separated out in a grading way, the produced coal gas has high quality, high oil yield and high semi-coke quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal chemical industry, in particular to a carbonization method and a carbonization device for normal-temperature coal gas quenching by medium-temperature coal gas pyrolysis.
Background
Coal carbonization refers to a thermal processing technology of putting coal into an air-insulated or inert gas environment, continuously heating the coal to a certain temperature, and then generating a series of physical changes and chemical changes to obtain coal gas (gas state), coal tar (liquid state) and semicoke (solid state). According to the difference of the final heating temperature, three kinds of heating methods are classified: high temperature carbonization is carried out at 900-1100 ℃, namely coking; the temperature of 700-900 ℃ is medium temperature carbonization; the low-temperature carbonization is carried out at 500-600 ℃. When the temperature of the coal is 100-200 ℃, the coal is in a drying stage; most of coal gas and tar are separated out at 400-550 ℃, and residues become thick gradually and solidify to form semicoke; above 550 ℃, the carbocoal continues to precipitate the rest volatile (the main component is hydrogen). The method is characterized in that the method is used for distinguishing processing according to the carbonization characteristics of coal, so that various chemical raw materials and various fine chemicals can be produced, and clean and efficient utilization of coal is realized.
The coal carbonization device can be divided into a plurality of moving beds, fluidized beds, rotary furnaces, belt furnaces and the like according to furnace type, wherein the internal heating moving bed which takes high-temperature gas as a heat carrier and directly contacts gas and solid phases has the characteristics of relatively simple structure, no power component, low operation cost and the like, and has the most wide industrial application. Wherein, the internal combustion internal heating type moving bed dry distillation device has the most mature application due to simple equipment structure and low operation cost. However, the existing internal combustion internal heating type moving bed pyrolysis has the problems of poor gas quality and low tar yield, particularly when mixed coal with granularity below 30mm is treated, uneven gas-solid heat exchange, low heat utilization efficiency, low tar yield, low gas quality, poor semicoke quality and the like. Therefore, how to improve the thermal efficiency, the tar yield, the gas quality and the semicoke quality of the mixed coal pyrolysis device has important practical significance.
The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN102424757B discloses a gas heat carrier low-temperature carbonization furnace and a dry quenching method, which adopts a gas cross flow and a gas dry quenching method to recover the sensible heat of hot semicoke, and then the gas is mixed with air and gas which are introduced into the furnace and combusted to be used as a heat carrier for carbonization of long flame coal at the upper part. The self-produced gas is utilized to quench coke, so that the overall thermal efficiency can be effectively improved, and the gas quality is better. However, the heat of the raw gas after carbonization is not fully recovered, and the gas quality is still not high enough due to the adoption of air combustion.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN112625720a discloses a "cross-flow type coal-mixing pyrolysis method and pyrolysis device", which comprises a drying section, a carbonization section and a cooling section from top to bottom, wherein the bottom cooling section uses waste flue gas as a carrier for recovering sensible heat of hot semicoke, the sensible heat recovered hot waste flue gas is introduced into the upper drying section from the outside to dry the raw materials, the middle carbonization section uses high-temperature gas as a carbonization heat carrier, and the heat carrier gas and pyrolysis gas are led out from the middle. The device improves the quality of coal gas and tar products and effectively recovers the sensible heat of semicoke. However, the heat of the raw gas led out from the middle carbonization section is not fully recovered, and because the material seals are adopted as transition sections among the upper section, the middle section and the lower section, the gas between the sections is inevitably leaked, the quality of the obtained gas is affected by the leaked smoke, and the leaked gas is discharged from the smoke.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a carbonization method and a carbonization device for pyrolyzing normal-temperature coal gas to quench coke, wherein a drying and low-temperature carbonization section, a medium-temperature carbonization section and a cooling section are arranged in a vertical carbonization furnace; not only realizes the full utilization of heat, but also separates oil and gas in the materials by grades, and the produced gas has high quality, high oil yield and high semicoke quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a vertical carbonization furnace, materials are sequentially processed by a drying and low-temperature carbonization section, a medium-temperature carbonization section and a cooling section, and coal gas is adopted as medium for pyrolysis and cooling; the medium-temperature coal gas is adopted to realize the pyrolysis of the materials, and the normal-temperature coal gas is adopted to quench and cool the pyrolyzed semicoke; and meanwhile, the waste heat of low-temperature carbonization and medium-temperature carbonization is utilized to realize the drying and low-temperature carbonization of the material by utilizing the sensible heat of the gas generated after the pyrolysis of the material.
Further, the carbonization method for normal-temperature gas quenching by medium-temperature gas pyrolysis specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Conveying the materials into a vertical carbonization furnace body, carrying out heat exchange between a drying and low-temperature carbonization section and low-temperature raw coke oven gas which is upwards in a countercurrent way from the top of the middle-temperature carbonization section, raising the temperature of the materials, completely removing external water to realize low-temperature carbonization, leading generated raw coke oven gas and steam out of a gas collecting umbrella-type gas outlet furnace through the drying and low-temperature carbonization section, cooling and purifying to obtain clean coal gas and tar products, and returning part of the clean coal gas into the furnace as normal-temperature coal gas for quenching and the rest of the clean coal gas is supplied to the outside;
(2) Under the action of gravity, the materials enter a medium-temperature carbonization section from a drying and low-temperature carbonization section; the external medium-temperature coal gas is led into a medium-temperature carbonization section through a multi-layer gas distribution structure, the temperature of the material is further increased after heat exchange with the medium-temperature coal gas, and the material undergoes a complete pyrolysis reaction to generate hot semicoke, and volatile matters are separated out in a gas form; the medium-temperature gas after heat exchange between the medium-temperature carbonization section and the materials, the gas pyrolyzed from the materials and the coke quenching gas from the lower cooling section are mixed into low-temperature raw coke oven gas at the top of the medium-temperature carbonization section, and the low-temperature raw coke oven gas goes into the drying and low-temperature carbonization section to be used as a heat source for drying the materials and carrying out low-temperature carbonization;
(3) The hot semicoke descends from the middle-temperature carbonization section to the cooling section, and the temperature is reduced after countercurrent heat exchange with the clean gas returned from the furnace; the temperature of the clean gas of the furnace returns upwards to a drying and low-temperature carbonization section after being increased, and the clean gas is used as a heat source for drying materials and carrying out low-temperature carbonization;
(4) The cooled semicoke is discharged to a semicoke bin through a bottom coke discharging mechanism and then enters a stripping bin through the semicoke bin; and (3) extracting gas entrained among the semicoke particles in the stripping bin, returning the gas into the furnace, and discharging the semicoke subjected to stripping to a coke conveying system.
Further, the steam stripping bin is a steam pressure maintaining bin, a primary valve is arranged at a material inlet at the top of the steam stripping bin, a secondary valve is arranged at a material outlet at the bottom of the steam stripping bin, a steam distribution plate is arranged in the steam stripping bin, and pressure maintaining is realized through cooperation of the steam distribution plate, the primary valve and the secondary valve, and the specific operation process comprises the following steps:
(1) When the secondary valve is closed and the primary valve is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin is maintained to be higher than the gas pressure in the semicoke bin, the semicoke bin discharges semicoke into the stripping bin, and meanwhile, the gas among the semicoke particles returns to the semicoke bin after stripping;
(2) When the primary valve is closed and the secondary valve is opened, the steam pressure in the steam stripping bin is maintained to be larger than the pressure of the coke conveying system, and the steam stripping bin discharges semicoke into the coke conveying system;
(3) Closing the secondary valve after coke is discharged from the stripping bin;
(4) And (3) circularly operating the steps (1) to (3).
Further, the materials are low-rank coal or oil shale particles including long-flame coal and lignite; or coal mixture with particle size less than 30 mm; the temperature of the medium-temperature gas is 800-1000 ℃.
A carbonization device for pyrolyzing normal-temperature coal gas to quench coke comprises a vertical carbonization furnace, wherein the top of the vertical carbonization furnace is provided with a material inlet, and the bottom of the vertical carbonization furnace is provided with a material outlet; the carbonization device also comprises a semicoke bin and a stripping bin; a drying and low-temperature carbonization section, a medium-temperature carbonization section and a cooling section are sequentially arranged in the vertical carbonization furnace body from top to bottom; the carbonization gas inlet of the medium-temperature carbonization section is connected with an external medium-temperature gas pipeline, and the cooling gas inlet of the cooling section is connected with an external normal-temperature gas pipeline; a semicoke bin, a steam stripping bin and a coke conveying system are sequentially arranged below the vertical carbonization furnace body, a coke discharging mechanism is arranged between the vertical carbonization furnace body and the semicoke bin, and a feeding valve is arranged between the steam lifting and the semicoke bin; the material inlet at the top of the stripping bin is provided with a primary valve, the material outlet at the bottom of the stripping bin is provided with a secondary valve, and the stripping bin is internally provided with a steam distribution disc.
Furthermore, the drying and low-temperature carbonization section is of a cavity structure, and the top of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section is provided with a gas guiding and collecting array umbrella.
Further, the medium-temperature carbonization section is of a multi-chamber and outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall combined structure, and the specific structure is as follows:
n-1 outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls are arranged in the medium-temperature carbonization section side by side, and N medium-temperature carbonization chambers are formed together with the outer walls on two sides, wherein N=4-8; conical material distributing structures are arranged above the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the bottoms of the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls are supported by an arch structure; a low-temperature raw gas channel is arranged in the outer gas distribution and guide integrated wall along the vertical direction, and a horizontal channel is arranged between the conical material distribution structure and the corresponding outer gas distribution and guide integrated wall so that the low-temperature raw gas channel is communicated with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber; the inner edge of the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall is uniformly provided with a plurality of medium-temperature gas distribution channels along the high direction, and the medium-temperature gas distribution channels are horizontally arranged and connected with an external medium-temperature gas pipeline; each medium-temperature gas distribution channel is communicated with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber through a plurality of gas nozzles with inclined downward openings.
Further, a vertical partition wall is arranged in the vertical dry distillation furnace body to divide the internal space of the furnace body into m dry distillation units which are arranged side by side; each carbonization unit is provided with 1 medium-temperature carbonization unit, namely m multiplied by N medium-temperature carbonization units are arranged in the vertical carbonization furnace body; the width of the single medium-temperature carbonization chamber is 400-800 mm.
Further, the cooling section is of a cavity structure, and the width of the cooling section is the same as that of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section; 2-3 layers of normal-temperature gas distribution umbrella are arranged at the lower part of the cooling section; the normal temperature gas distribution umbrella is connected with an external normal temperature gas pipeline, and the bottom of the normal temperature gas distribution umbrella is provided with a gas distribution hole; the uppermost normal-temperature gas distribution umbrella and the medium-temperature carbonization chamber are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the centers of the two are positioned in the same vertical plane; the other layers of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas are arranged in a staggered way along the horizontal direction.
Further, the coke discharging mechanism is a reciprocating coke pusher.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The carbonization device with three functional sections, namely an upper section, a middle section and a lower section, is used for fully carbonizing materials in the middle-temperature carbonization section by using external middle-temperature coal gas, recovering heat of hot semicoke in the cooling section by using external normal-temperature coal gas, and greatly improving the heat efficiency of the carbonization device by using the coal gas obtained by middle-temperature carbonization and semicoke heat recovery and low-temperature raw gas generated by material pyrolysis as heat sources of the drying and low-temperature carbonization sections;
(2) No tar is burnt in the carbonization device; medium-temperature gas and normal-temperature gas are introduced into the carbonization device, and low-temperature raw gas after self-production pyrolysis is produced, so that the gas has high quality and no tar combustion;
(3) The medium-temperature carbonization section adopts a multi-chamber and outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall combined structure, normal-temperature gas with the temperature of about 550 ℃ after the sensible heat of semicoke is recovered enters the drying and low-temperature carbonization section through a normal-temperature gas channel, external medium-temperature gas also enters the drying and low-temperature carbonization section after being subjected to medium-temperature carbonization heat exchange and temperature reduction to about 550 ℃, medium-temperature carbonization and low-temperature carbonization are realized respectively by using medium-temperature gas and normal-temperature gas in a grading manner, the medium-temperature gas is used for effectively activating pyrolysis, and the tar yield is improved;
(4) The medium-temperature carbonization section adopts a multi-chamber carbonization and multi-layer gas distribution structure, so that uniform and thorough carbonization is ensured, and the quality of semicoke is improved;
(5) The materials processed by the carbonization device can comprise low-rank coal or oil shale particles including long-flame coal and lignite or mixed coal with the particle size less than 30mm, so that the full utilization of the low-grade solid chemical fuel is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a carbonization process for pyrolyzing normal-temperature coal gas to quench coke.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the dry distillation apparatus according to the present invention (1 dry distillation unit is taken as an example).
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the dry distillation apparatus according to the present invention (2 dry distillation units are taken as an example).
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the multi-chamber, outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall combined structure and the normal temperature gas distribution umbrella.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the stripping chamber according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the vertical dry distillation furnace comprises a vertical dry distillation furnace body 2, a gas guiding and collecting array umbrella 3, a drying and low-temperature dry distillation section 4, a medium-temperature dry distillation section 41, a conical material distributing structure 42, an external gas distribution and inner gas guiding integrated wall 43, a medium-temperature gas distribution channel 44, a low-temperature raw gas channel 45, an arch structure 46, an external wall 5, a cooling section 51, a normal-temperature gas distribution array umbrella 6, a coke discharging mechanism 7, a semicoke bin 8, a steam stripping bin 81, a maintenance gate 82, a feeding valve 83, a primary valve 84, a steam stripping bin body 85, a steam distributing disc 86, a secondary valve 9, a coke conveying system 10, a coal bin 11 and a belt conveyor
Detailed Description
The following is a further description of embodiments of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
as shown in figure 1, in the carbonization method for normal-temperature gas quenching by medium-temperature gas pyrolysis, materials are sequentially processed by a drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3, a medium-temperature carbonization section 4 and a cooling section 5 in a vertical carbonization furnace, and coal gas is adopted as mediums for pyrolysis and cooling; the medium-temperature coal gas is adopted to realize the pyrolysis of the materials, and the normal-temperature coal gas is adopted to quench and cool the pyrolyzed semicoke; and meanwhile, the waste heat of low-temperature carbonization and medium-temperature carbonization is utilized to realize the drying and low-temperature carbonization of the material by utilizing the sensible heat of the gas generated after the pyrolysis of the material.
Further, the carbonization method for normal-temperature gas quenching by medium-temperature gas pyrolysis disclosed by the invention specifically comprises the following steps of:
(1) Conveying the materials into a vertical carbonization furnace body 1, carrying out heat exchange on the dry and low-temperature carbonization section 3 and the low-temperature raw coke oven gas which is upwards in countercurrent from the top of the middle-temperature carbonization section 4, raising the temperature of the materials, completely removing external water to realize low-temperature carbonization, leading the generated raw coke oven gas and water vapor out of a gas collecting umbrella 2 of the dry and low-temperature carbonization section 3, cooling and purifying to obtain clean gas and tar products, returning part of the clean gas into the furnace as normal-temperature gas for quenching, and externally supplying the rest of the clean gas;
(2) Under the action of gravity, materials enter a medium-temperature carbonization section 4 from a drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3; the external medium-temperature gas is led into the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 through a multi-layer gas distribution structure, the temperature of the material is further increased after heat exchange with the medium-temperature gas, and the material undergoes complete pyrolysis reaction to generate hot semicoke, and volatile matters are separated out in a gas form; the medium-temperature gas after heat exchange between the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 and the materials, the gas pyrolyzed from the materials and the coke quenching gas from the lower cooling section 5 are mixed into low-temperature raw gas at the top of the medium-temperature carbonization section 4, and the low-temperature raw gas goes into the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 to be used as a heat source for drying the materials and carrying out low-temperature carbonization;
(3) The hot semicoke descends from the middle-temperature carbonization section 4 to the cooling section 5, and the temperature is reduced after countercurrent heat exchange with the clean gas of the return furnace; the temperature of the clean gas of the furnace returns upwards to the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 after being increased, and the clean gas is used as a heat source for drying materials and carrying out low-temperature carbonization;
(4) The cooled semicoke is discharged to a semicoke bin 7 through a bottom coke discharging mechanism 6 and then enters a stripping bin 8 through the semicoke bin 7; the gas carried among the semicoke particles is extracted in the stripping bin 8 and returned to the furnace, and the semicoke after stripping is discharged to the coke conveying system 9.
Further, the stripping bin 8 is a steam pressure maintaining bin, a primary valve 83 is arranged at a material inlet at the top of the stripping bin 8, a secondary valve 86 is arranged at a material outlet at the bottom of the stripping bin 8, a steam distribution disc 85 is arranged in the stripping bin 8, and pressure maintaining is realized through cooperation of the steam distribution disc 85, the primary valve 83 and the secondary valve 86, and the specific operation process comprises the following steps:
(1) When the secondary valve 86 is closed and the primary valve 83 is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin 8 is maintained to be higher than the gas pressure in the semicoke bin 7, the semicoke bin 7 discharges semicoke into the stripping bin 8, and meanwhile, the gas among the semicoke particles returns to the semicoke bin 7 after being stripped;
(2) When the primary valve 83 is closed and the secondary valve 86 is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin 8 is maintained to be higher than the pressure of the coke conveying system 9, and the stripping bin 8 discharges semicoke into the coke conveying system 9;
(3) Closing the secondary valve 86 after the coke is discharged from the stripping bin 8;
(4) And (3) circularly operating the steps (1) to (3).
Further, the materials are low-rank coal or oil shale particles including long-flame coal and lignite; or coal mixture with particle size less than 30 mm; the temperature of the medium-temperature gas is 800-1000 ℃.
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, the carbonization device for normal-temperature gas quenching by medium-temperature gas pyrolysis comprises a vertical carbonization furnace, wherein the top of the vertical carbonization furnace is provided with a material inlet, and the bottom of the vertical carbonization furnace is provided with a material outlet; the carbonization device also comprises a semicoke bin 7 and a stripping bin 8; a drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3, a medium-temperature carbonization section 4 and a cooling section 5 are sequentially arranged in the vertical carbonization furnace body 1 from top to bottom; the carbonization gas inlet of the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 is connected with an external medium-temperature gas pipeline, and the cooling gas inlet of the cooling section 5 is connected with an external normal-temperature gas pipeline; a semicoke bin 7, a steam stripping bin 8 and a coke conveying system 9 are sequentially arranged below the vertical carbonization furnace body 1, a coke discharging mechanism 6 is arranged between the vertical carbonization furnace body 1 and the semicoke bin 7, and a feeding valve 82 is arranged between the steam lifting 8 and the semicoke bin 7; as shown in fig. 5, a primary valve 83 is arranged at the material inlet at the top of the stripping bin 8, a secondary valve 86 is arranged at the material outlet at the bottom, and a steam distribution disc 85 is arranged in the stripping bin 8.
Furthermore, the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 is of a cavity structure, and the top of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section is provided with a gas-guiding and gas-collecting umbrella 2.
Further, the medium temperature carbonization section 4 is a multi-chamber and outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall combined structure, and the specific structure is as follows:
as shown in fig. 2, N-1 outer gas distribution and guide integrated walls 42 are arranged in parallel in the middle-temperature carbonization section 4, and form N middle-temperature carbonization chambers together with outer walls 46 on two sides, wherein n=4-8; conical material distributing structures 41 are arranged above the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls 42 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the bottoms of the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls 42 are supported by arch structures 45; a low-temperature raw gas channel 44 is arranged in the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall 42 along the vertical direction, and a horizontal channel is arranged between the conical material distribution structure 41 and the corresponding outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall 42 so that the low-temperature raw gas channel 44 is communicated with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber; a plurality of medium-temperature gas distribution channels 43 are uniformly arranged in the inner side of the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall 42 along the high direction, and the medium-temperature gas distribution channels 43 are horizontally arranged and connected with an external medium-temperature gas pipeline; each medium-temperature gas distribution channel 43 is communicated with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber through a plurality of gas nozzles which are obliquely opened downwards.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, a vertical partition wall is arranged in the vertical dry distillation furnace body 1 to divide the internal space of the furnace body into m dry distillation units which are arranged side by side; each carbonization unit is provided with 1 medium-temperature carbonization unit, namely m multiplied by N medium-temperature carbonization units are arranged in the vertical carbonization furnace body 1; the width of the single medium-temperature carbonization chamber is 400-800 mm.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, the cooling section 5 has a cavity structure, and the width of the cooling section 5 is the same as the width of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3; 2-3 layers of normal temperature gas distribution umbrella 51 are arranged at the lower part of the cooling section 5; the normal temperature gas distribution umbrella 51 is connected with an external normal temperature gas pipeline, and the bottom of the normal temperature gas distribution umbrella 51 is provided with a gas distribution hole; the uppermost normal-temperature gas distribution umbrella and the medium-temperature carbonization chamber are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the centers of the two are positioned in the same vertical plane; the other layers of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas are arranged in a staggered way along the horizontal direction.
Further, the coke discharging mechanism 6 is a reciprocating coke pusher.
In the carbonization device for normal-temperature gas quenching by medium-temperature gas pyrolysis (hereinafter referred to as carbonization device), a drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3, a medium-temperature carbonization section 4 and a cooling section 5 in a vertical carbonization furnace body 1 are communicated with each other, a material inlet and a gas outlet are arranged at the top opening of the vertical carbonization furnace body 1, a coke discharging mechanism 6 is arranged at the bottom of the vertical carbonization furnace body 1, and a semicoke bin 7 and a stripping bin 8 are arranged below the vertical carbonization furnace body 1.
The temperature of the normal-temperature gas is room temperature, the temperature of the medium-temperature gas is 800-1000 ℃, and the temperature of the low-temperature raw gas after being mixed in the furnace is 600-700 ℃.
The material which can be processed by the carbonization device comprises low-rank coal such as long flame coal and lignite, or oil-containing granular material such as oil shale, and can also be directly processed into mixed coal with the grain diameter less than 30 mm.
The drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 is of a cavity structure, and the top of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section is provided with a gas guiding and collecting umbrella 2 for guiding out carbonization gas at the top of the carbonization device.
The medium-temperature carbonization section 4 is of a multi-chamber and outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall combined structure.
The cooling section 5 is of a cavity structure and is provided with a plurality of layers of normal-temperature gas distribution umbrellas 51.
The stripping bin 8 is a steam pressure maintaining bin, and pressure maintaining is carried out by matching a steam distribution disc 85, a primary valve 83 arranged at the upper part and a secondary valve 86 arranged at the lower part; an overhaul valve 81 and a feeding valve 8 (preferably a grid valve) are also arranged between the primary valve 83 and the semicoke bin 7.
The raw gas generated after the carbonization device is carbonized has low escape speed and less dust entrainment, gas and tar products are obtained after the procedures of oil washing, cooling, electric catching and the like, the gas is completely generated in the carbonization process, the effective component ratio is high, the heat value is high, and a part of gas is used as product gas and can be used as synthesis gas or used for preparing LNG. And the other part of gas is returned to the furnace to be used as cooling coke quenching gas for recovering sensible heat of semicoke.
The middle-temperature gas introduced into the carbonization device from the outside can be obtained by mixing middle-temperature gas generated by gasifying pulverized coal with normal-temperature gas, or can be obtained by heating other gases. In the invention, the medium-temperature coal gas is not only used as a gas heat carrier, but also is an activating factor for promoting tar generation by the coal pyrolysis reaction, thereby improving the tar yield.
The following examples are given by way of illustration of detailed embodiments and specific procedures based on the technical scheme of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[ example 1 ]
In this embodiment, for example, long flame coal pyrolysis is taken as an example, and as shown in fig. 1, materials are conveyed by a belt conveyor 11 and enter a vertical retort furnace body 1 through a coal bin 10 arranged on the top of the furnace. And heat exchange is carried out between the dry and low-temperature carbonization section 3 and the low-temperature raw gas, the drying and low-temperature carbonization are carried out, and the temperature of the materials is increased to about 550 ℃ from normal temperature.
Under the action of gravity, the materials enter each medium-temperature carbonization chamber through the conical material distribution structure 41, the temperature of the materials is gradually increased to 650 ℃ and complete the complete pyrolysis. The material (hot semicoke) after the medium-temperature carbonization is continuously moved downwards to pass through the cooling section 5, exchanges heat with the externally introduced normal-temperature coal gas, and then the temperature is reduced to about 100 ℃.
The intermediate temperature carbonization section 4 adopts a multi-chamber and outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall combined structure, the intermediate temperature gas at about 800 ℃ is led into the intermediate temperature carbonization chamber in a layered manner through a multi-layer gas distribution structure (consisting of a plurality of intermediate temperature gas distribution channels and corresponding gas nozzles), and is subjected to countercurrent heat exchange with materials, and the intermediate temperature gas is cooled to about 550 ℃ when ascending to the top of the intermediate temperature carbonization section 4.
The normal temperature gas distribution umbrella 51 is introduced into the cooling section 5, the sensible heat of semicoke is recovered by normal temperature gas, the temperature is raised to about 550 ℃, and the semicoke directly enters the drying and low temperature carbonization section 3 through the low temperature raw gas channel 44 in the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall 42. The gas generated after pyrolysis of the materials in the medium-temperature carbonization section 4 and the medium-temperature gas after heat exchange are used as low-temperature raw gas to be upwards moved to the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3; the low-temperature raw gas after the low-temperature carbonization of the materials is guided out of the furnace through the gas guiding and collecting umbrella 2, and the outlet temperature of the low-temperature raw gas is about 80 ℃.
[ example 2 ]
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the carbonization device for pyrolyzing normal-temperature coal gas to quench coke comprises a vertical carbonization furnace body 1, wherein a drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 arranged at the upper part, a middle-temperature carbonization section 4 arranged at the middle part, a cooling section 5 arranged at the lower part and a coke discharging mechanism 6 arranged at the bottom are arranged in the vertical carbonization furnace body 1, and the carbonization device further comprises a semicoke bin 7 and a stripping bin 8. A coal bin 10 is arranged above the material inlet of the vertical carbonization furnace body 1.
In the embodiment, the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3 is of a cavity structure, and the top of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section is provided with a gas guiding and collecting array umbrella 2.
In this embodiment, the medium temperature carbonization section 4 is a multi-chamber and outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall combined structure, and the specific structure is as follows:
7 outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls 42 (2 of which are half walls) are arranged in the medium temperature carbonization section 4 side by side, and form 6 medium temperature carbonization chambers together with outer walls 46 on two sides; conical material distributing structures 41 are arranged above the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls 42 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the bottoms of the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls 42 are supported by arch structures 45; the center part of the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall 42 is provided with a low-temperature raw gas channel 44 along the vertical direction, and a horizontal channel is arranged between the conical material distribution structure 41 and the corresponding outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall 42 to enable the low-temperature raw gas channel 44 to be communicated with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber; two sides (the inner side of a half wall) of the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall 42 are uniformly provided with 5 medium-temperature gas distribution channels 43 along the high direction, and the medium-temperature gas distribution channels 43 are horizontally arranged and connected with an external medium-temperature gas pipeline; each medium-temperature gas distribution channel 43 is communicated with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber through a plurality of gas nozzles which are obliquely opened downwards.
In this embodiment, the cooling section 5 has a cavity structure, and the width of the cooling section 5 is the same as the width of the drying and low-temperature carbonization section 3; the lower part of the cooling section 5 is provided with 3 layers of normal-temperature gas distribution umbrella 51; the normal temperature gas distribution umbrella 51 is connected with an external normal temperature gas pipeline, and the bottom of the normal temperature gas distribution umbrella 51 is provided with a gas distribution hole; in the embodiment, the number of the upper normal-temperature gas distribution umbrellas is 6, the upper normal-temperature gas distribution umbrellas are arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the middle-temperature carbonization chambers, and the centers of the upper normal-temperature gas distribution umbrellas and the middle-temperature carbonization chambers are positioned in the same vertical plane; the number of the middle normal-temperature gas distribution umbrella is 12, and two sides of the corresponding upper normal-temperature gas distribution umbrella are respectively provided with one umbrella; the number of the lower normal temperature gas distribution umbrella is 6, and the lower normal temperature gas distribution umbrella is arranged corresponding to the upper normal temperature gas distribution umbrella.
For dry distillation devices, safe coke removal is critical. In this embodiment, the stripping bin 8 is a steam pressure maintaining bin, and pressure maintaining in the feeding, stripping and discharging processes is realized through cooperation of the steam distribution plate 85, the primary valve 83 and the secondary valve 86. The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) When the secondary valve 86 is closed and the primary valve 83 is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin body 84 is maintained to be slightly higher than the gas pressure in the semicoke bin 7, then the semicoke bin 7 is subjected to coke discharging, the semicoke is discharged into the stripping bin body 84, and the inter-particle gas stripping is realized to the semicoke bin 7;
(2) When the primary valve 83 is closed and the secondary valve 86 is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin body 84 is maintained to be slightly higher than the pressure of the lower coke conveying equipment 9, and then the stripping bin body 84 is used for discharging coke, and semicoke is discharged into the coke conveying system 9;
(3) After the stripping bin 84 is discharged, the secondary valve 86 is closed;
(4) And (3) circularly operating the steps (1) to (3).
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A carbonization method for normal-temperature gas quenching by medium-temperature gas pyrolysis is characterized in that materials are sequentially processed by a drying and low-temperature carbonization section, a medium-temperature carbonization section and a cooling section in a vertical carbonization furnace, and coal gas is adopted as mediums for pyrolysis and cooling; the medium-temperature coal gas is adopted to realize the pyrolysis of the materials, and the normal-temperature coal gas is adopted to quench and cool the pyrolyzed semicoke; and meanwhile, the waste heat of low-temperature carbonization and medium-temperature carbonization is utilized to realize the drying and low-temperature carbonization of the material by utilizing the sensible heat of the gas generated after the pyrolysis of the material.
2. The carbonization method for normal temperature gas quenching by medium temperature gas pyrolysis according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Conveying the materials into a vertical carbonization furnace body, carrying out heat exchange between a drying and low-temperature carbonization section and low-temperature raw coke oven gas which is upwards in a countercurrent way from the top of the middle-temperature carbonization section, raising the temperature of the materials, completely removing external water to realize low-temperature carbonization, leading generated raw coke oven gas and steam out of a gas collecting umbrella-type gas outlet furnace through the drying and low-temperature carbonization section, cooling and purifying to obtain clean coal gas and tar products, and returning part of the clean coal gas into the furnace as normal-temperature coal gas for quenching and the rest of the clean coal gas is supplied to the outside;
(2) Under the action of gravity, the materials enter a medium-temperature carbonization section from a drying and low-temperature carbonization section; the external medium-temperature coal gas is led into a medium-temperature carbonization section through a multi-layer gas distribution structure, the temperature of the material is further increased after heat exchange with the medium-temperature coal gas, and the material undergoes a complete pyrolysis reaction to generate hot semicoke, and volatile matters are separated out in a gas form; the medium-temperature gas after heat exchange between the medium-temperature carbonization section and the materials, the gas pyrolyzed from the materials and the coke quenching gas from the lower cooling section are mixed into low-temperature raw coke oven gas at the top of the medium-temperature carbonization section, and the low-temperature raw coke oven gas goes into the drying and low-temperature carbonization section to be used as a heat source for drying the materials and carrying out low-temperature carbonization;
(3) The hot semicoke descends from the middle-temperature carbonization section to the cooling section, and the temperature is reduced after countercurrent heat exchange with the clean gas returned from the furnace; the temperature of the clean gas of the furnace returns upwards to a drying and low-temperature carbonization section after being increased, and the clean gas is used as a heat source for drying materials and carrying out low-temperature carbonization;
(4) The cooled semicoke is discharged to a semicoke bin through a bottom coke discharging mechanism and then enters a stripping bin through the semicoke bin; and (3) extracting gas entrained among the semicoke particles in the stripping bin, returning the gas into the furnace, and discharging the semicoke subjected to stripping to a coke conveying system.
3. The carbonization method of normal temperature gas quenching by medium temperature gas pyrolysis according to claim 2, wherein the stripping bin is a steam pressure maintaining bin, a primary valve is arranged at a material inlet at the top of the stripping bin, a secondary valve is arranged at a material outlet at the bottom of the stripping bin, a steam distribution disc is arranged in the stripping bin, and pressure maintaining is realized by matching the steam distribution disc, the primary valve and the secondary valve, and the specific operation process comprises the following steps:
(1) When the secondary valve is closed and the primary valve is opened, the steam pressure in the stripping bin is maintained to be higher than the gas pressure in the semicoke bin, the semicoke bin discharges semicoke into the stripping bin, and meanwhile, the gas among the semicoke particles returns to the semicoke bin after stripping;
(2) When the primary valve is closed and the secondary valve is opened, the steam pressure in the steam stripping bin is maintained to be larger than the pressure of the coke conveying system, and the steam stripping bin discharges semicoke into the coke conveying system;
(3) Closing the secondary valve after coke is discharged from the stripping bin;
(4) And (3) circularly operating the steps (1) to (3).
4. The method for dry distillation of normal temperature gas quenching by medium temperature gas pyrolysis according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material is low-rank coal or oil shale particles including long flame coal and lignite; or coal mixture with particle size less than 30 mm; the temperature of the medium-temperature gas is 800-1000 ℃.
5. A carbonization device for realizing normal-temperature gas quenching by medium-temperature gas pyrolysis in the method of claims 1-3, which comprises a vertical carbonization furnace, wherein the top of the vertical carbonization furnace is provided with a material inlet, and the bottom of the vertical carbonization furnace is provided with a material outlet; the dry distillation device is characterized by further comprising a semicoke bin and a stripping bin; a drying and low-temperature carbonization section, a medium-temperature carbonization section and a cooling section are sequentially arranged in the vertical carbonization furnace body from top to bottom; the carbonization gas inlet of the medium-temperature carbonization section is connected with an external medium-temperature gas pipeline, and the cooling gas inlet of the cooling section is connected with an external normal-temperature gas pipeline; a semicoke bin, a steam stripping bin and a coke conveying system are sequentially arranged below the vertical carbonization furnace body, a coke discharging mechanism is arranged between the vertical carbonization furnace body and the semicoke bin, and a feeding valve is arranged between the steam lifting and the semicoke bin; the material inlet at the top of the stripping bin is provided with a primary valve, the material outlet at the bottom of the stripping bin is provided with a secondary valve, and the stripping bin is internally provided with a steam distribution disc.
6. The carbonization device for normal temperature gas quenching by medium temperature gas pyrolysis according to claim 5, wherein the drying and low temperature carbonization section is of a cavity structure, and a gas guiding and collecting umbrella is arranged at the top.
7. The carbonization device for normal temperature gas quenching by medium temperature gas pyrolysis according to claim 5, wherein the medium temperature carbonization section is of a multi-chamber and outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall combined structure, and the specific structure is as follows:
n-1 outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls are arranged in the medium-temperature carbonization section side by side, and N medium-temperature carbonization chambers are formed together with the outer walls on two sides, wherein N=4-8; conical material distributing structures are arranged above the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the bottoms of the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated walls are supported by an arch structure; a low-temperature raw gas channel is arranged in the outer gas distribution and guide integrated wall along the vertical direction, and a horizontal channel is arranged between the conical material distribution structure and the corresponding outer gas distribution and guide integrated wall so that the low-temperature raw gas channel is communicated with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber; the inner edge of the outer gas distribution and inner gas guide integrated wall is uniformly provided with a plurality of medium-temperature gas distribution channels along the high direction, and the medium-temperature gas distribution channels are horizontally arranged and connected with an external medium-temperature gas pipeline; each medium-temperature gas distribution channel is communicated with the corresponding medium-temperature carbonization chamber through a plurality of gas nozzles with inclined downward openings.
8. The carbonization device for normal temperature gas quenching by medium temperature gas pyrolysis according to claim 5, wherein a vertical partition wall is arranged in the vertical carbonization furnace body to divide the internal space of the furnace body into m carbonization units side by side; each carbonization unit is provided with 1 medium-temperature carbonization unit, namely m multiplied by N medium-temperature carbonization units are arranged in the vertical carbonization furnace body; the width of the single medium-temperature carbonization chamber is 400-800 mm.
9. The carbonization device for normal temperature gas quenching by medium temperature gas pyrolysis according to claim 5, wherein the cooling section is of a cavity structure, and the width of the cooling section is the same as the width of the drying and low temperature carbonization section; 2-3 layers of normal-temperature gas distribution umbrella are arranged at the lower part of the cooling section; the normal temperature gas distribution umbrella is connected with an external normal temperature gas pipeline, and the bottom of the normal temperature gas distribution umbrella is provided with a gas distribution hole; the uppermost normal-temperature gas distribution umbrella and the medium-temperature carbonization chamber are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the centers of the two are positioned in the same vertical plane; the other layers of normal temperature gas distribution umbrellas are arranged in a staggered way along the horizontal direction.
10. The carbonization device for normal temperature gas quenching by medium temperature gas pyrolysis according to claim 5, wherein the coke discharging mechanism is a reciprocating coke pusher.
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