CN117398832B - Phase change absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide and method for capturing carbon dioxide - Google Patents
Phase change absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide and method for capturing carbon dioxide Download PDFInfo
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- CN117398832B CN117398832B CN202311644916.6A CN202311644916A CN117398832B CN 117398832 B CN117398832 B CN 117398832B CN 202311644916 A CN202311644916 A CN 202311644916A CN 117398832 B CN117398832 B CN 117398832B
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 125
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001926 trapping method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/229—Integrated processes (Diffusion and at least one other process, e.g. adsorption, absorption)
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
- B01D2251/306—Alkali metal compounds of potassium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
- B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a phase change absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide and a method for capturing carbon dioxide, and relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture, comprising the steps of selecting potassium hydroxide solution as the phase change absorbent, wherein the potassium hydroxide solution is used for absorbing CO 2 CO gas is processed 2 The invention is converted into a liquid phase form which is not easy to volatilize, a membrane module is formed by a polymer membrane and a glass fiber membrane and is arranged in an absorption tower, the surfaces of the polymer membrane and the glass fiber membrane are coated with grids, the bottom gas pressure of the membrane module is maintained at 0.9MPa, an external constant temperature system outside the absorption tower is used for controlling the temperature to be 40-50 ℃, the temperature of the membrane module is prevented from being too high or too low, the coating grids are used as shielding, the membrane is prevented from being scoured or sheared by too high flow velocity, meanwhile, the aging, deformation or melting of a membrane material caused by too high temperature is prevented by controlling the temperature to be 40-50 ℃, and the membrane is prevented from becoming brittle or freezing possibly caused by too low temperature, so that the membrane is prevented from being damaged, and the service life is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide trapping, in particular to a phase change absorbent for trapping carbon dioxide and a method for trapping carbon dioxide.
Background
Phase-change absorberThe collector is an indispensable reagent in carbon dioxide capture work and can capture CO 2 Absorption of CO at the time 2 Gas molecules, CO in gas phase 2 Is absorbed into the liquid phase absorbent to capture CO 2 Then the CO is required to be processed 2 Other gases than the gas are separated, ensuring CO 2 The purity, and the phase change absorbent for capturing the carbon dioxide and the method for capturing the carbon dioxide can provide convenience for capturing the carbon dioxide.
The existing carbon dioxide trapping method has the following defects:
1. patent document KR101502238B1 discloses a carbon dioxide absorbent and a carbon dioxide capturing method thereof, and mainly discloses: a porous metal oxide support; and an absorbing element carried by the porous metal oxide carrier, wherein the absorbing element comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide and alkali metal carbonate, without considering the problems of too high a pressure and too high a flow rate to cause scouring or shearing forces to the membrane to cause cracking or deformation of the membrane, how to avoid damage to the membrane;
2. in application document EP2214814A1, amine absorbers for carbon dioxide capture and methods of making and using the same are disclosed, mainly considering how to reduce the possibility of interaction of amine functional groups with solid surfaces and to increase the availability for CO capture 2 The problem of amine sites of (a) does not take into account how to improve the trapping effect;
3. patent document CN110801711B discloses a phase change absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide and a method for capturing carbon dioxide, mainly considering how to realize the problems of small volume ratio of a carbon dioxide rich liquid phase formed after capturing carbon dioxide and low analysis energy consumption, but not considering how to improve the capturing purity of carbon dioxide;
4. in application document CN116785889a, a method for capturing carbon dioxide by using a bio-based solvent as an absorbent is disclosed, mainly considering how to use the bio-based solvent as the carbon dioxide absorbent, the method has the advantages of low regeneration energy consumption, biodegradability, reduced equipment corrosion, wide application prospect, and no consideration on how to improve the capturing and storage effects.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a phase-change absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide and a method for capturing carbon dioxide, so as to solve the problems set forth in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: CO trapping 2 Comprises selecting potassium hydroxide solution as phase change absorbent, wherein the potassium hydroxide solution is used for absorbing CO 2 CO gas is processed 2 Is converted into a liquid phase form which is not easy to volatilize.
Preferably, the potassium hydroxide solution is a solution formed by dissolving KOH in water, in which solution potassium hydroxide breaks down into K+ and OH-, which interact with water molecules.
Preferably, the method for capturing carbon dioxide is as follows: preparing raw materials, preparing a polymer film and a glass fiber film to form a film module, and preparing a potassium hydroxide solution to be connected with the film module in series;
the membrane module is characterized in that a polymer membrane is placed on the bottom layer of an absorption tower, glass fibers are stacked on the top layer of the polymer membrane, the polymer membrane and the glass fiber membrane are stacked in the absorption tower, the surfaces of the polymer membrane and the glass fiber membrane are coated with grids, and potassium hydroxide solution serving as an absorbent is used as an absorption unit to absorb CO discharged from the absorption tower 2 And temperature control and airflow pressure control are performed.
Preferably, the method for capturing carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: step S1, raw material preparation:
1. a polymer film;
2. a glass fiber film;
3. an absorbent.
Preferably, the method for capturing carbon dioxide further comprises: step S2, designing and operating:
1. a membrane module;
2. temperature control;
3. pressure control;
s3, collecting gas;
1. primary compression:
(1) Removing impurities;
(2) Adsorption and dehumidification;
(3) Membrane separation;
2. and (5) performing secondary compression.
Preferably, the method for capturing carbon dioxide further comprises: step S4, storing: CO to be converted into liquid after compression 2 Injecting into high-pressure gas cylinders for storage and transportation or into underground oil and gas reservoirs.
Preferably, in the step S1, the method further includes the following steps:
step S11, polymer film: the gas-permeable porous membrane has high gas permeability and is used for separating macromolecular gas;
glass fiber film: has low air permeability and is used for permeating small molecular gas;
an absorbent: the absorbent is potassium hydroxide solution, and the gas mixture separated by the membrane module is introduced into the potassium hydroxide solution to make CO 2 The gas component is adsorbed into potassium hydroxide solution, and the specific reaction formula is as follows:
CO 2 +2KOH→K 2 CO 3 +H 2 O
KOH and CO in Potassium hydroxide solution 2 Reaction to produce K 2 CO 3 And H 2 O。
Preferably, in the step S2, the method further includes the following steps:
step S21, (1) temperature control: controlling the temperature of the absorption tower to be 40-50 ℃ by using an external constant temperature system outside the absorption tower;
(2) Pressure control: the bottom of the membrane module is provided with a pressure container, the pressure container is operated to control the flow and the pressure of the inlet gas and the outlet gas to adjust the pressure difference, so that the pressure of the bottom gas of the membrane module is maintained at 0.9MPa, and the pressure difference is formed between the bottom of the membrane module and the top of the membrane module;
step S22, after temperature control and pressure control, the gas mixture enters an absorption tower to enable the polymer films in the film module to intercept CH 4 、N 2 And O 2 The glass fiber membrane can permeate CO by utilizing selective permeability 2 C which subsequently permeatesO 2 Is discharged from the absorption tower into potassium hydroxide solution and contacted with the potassium hydroxide solution to make CO 2 Is absorbed into potassium hydroxide solution molecules to adsorb CO in gas phase 2 To a liquid phase form which is not volatile, and CO 2 The other gases become bubbles and are discharged out of the sodium hydroxide solution.
Preferably, in the step S3, the method further includes the following steps:
step S31, step S3, collecting gas: will absorb CO 2 Is taken out and then transferred to a gas collecting pipeline network, and absorbs CO 2 Is heated to 100 ℃ to release CO 2 And collecting the released CO by using a gas collecting pipeline network 2 ；
Primary compression: CO collected by a gas collecting pipeline network using a compressor 2 Compressing to 3MPa;
CO after primary compression 2 Cooling to-35 ℃;
step S32, (1) impurity removal: the CO is absorbed by first slowly dumping during primary compression 2 The absorbent of (2) avoids the occurrence of bubbles, and the CO is filtered and absorbed by a filter screen 2 Impurities in the absorbent of (a);
(2) Adsorption and dehumidification: combining activated carbon and silica gel to form an adsorption bed, and releasing the collected CO 2 Passing through the adsorption bed to make the adsorption bed adsorb CO 2 Moisture in (C) and CO 2 Performing primary compression;
(3) Membrane separation of compressed CO 2 Through the polyether film;
step S33, two-stage compression: CO after membrane separation 2 Compressing to 8MPa by using a compressor to make CO 2 Liquefying into liquid.
Preferably, in the step S4, the method further includes the following steps:
step S41, storing: preparing a high-pressure gas cylinder made of alloy steel, and placing liquid CO in a high-pressure environment of 8MPa 2 Injecting into a high-pressure gas cylinder, then wrapping a heat insulation layer outside the high-pressure gas cylinder, and utilizing a safety system, a pressure control system and a temperature control systemTransporting the system and a transport vehicle of the heat insulation device;
step S42, or selecting a geological covering layer, wherein the geological covering layer is a deep rock layer;
(1) Designing an injection well through the geological formation;
(2) CO after compression 2 Injecting liquid into the geological covering layer through the injection well;
(3) Continuously detecting the quality of underground water, the underground water level, the ground gas concentration and the underground pressure, and further detecting CO 2 The liquid is stored in a geological formation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the polymer film and the glass fiber film are assembled into the film module, the surfaces of the polymer film and the glass fiber film are coated with grids, and the bottom of the film module is provided with a pressure container, so that the bottom gas pressure of the film module is maintained at 0.9MPa, the bottom of the film module and the top of the film module form a pressure difference, then a constant temperature system arranged outside the absorption tower is utilized after the gas mixture enters the absorption tower, the temperature of the absorption tower is controlled at 40-50 ℃, the excessively high temperature or excessively low temperature of the film module is avoided, the coated grids are used as shielding, the flow rate of gas is limited, the excessively high flow rate is prevented from scouring or shearing force on the film, meanwhile, the aging, deformation or melting of the film material caused by the excessively high temperature is prevented, the film is prevented from being possibly fragile or frozen due to the excessively low temperature, and the film damage is avoided, and the service life is prolonged.
2. The invention makes the gas mixture enter the absorption tower after temperature control and pressure control, so that the polymer film in the film module intercepts methane, nitrogen and oxygen, and the glass fiber film can permeate CO by utilizing selective permeability 2 CO which is subsequently transmitted 2 Will be discharged from the absorption tower into potassium hydroxide solution to make CO 2 Contact with potassium hydroxide solution to cause CO 2 Is absorbed into potassium hydroxide solution molecules to adsorb CO in gas phase 2 To a liquid phase form which is not volatile, and CO 2 The other gases become bubbles to discharge sodium hydroxide solution and then absorbCO 2 Is taken out and then transferred to a gas collecting pipeline network, and absorbs CO 2 Is heated to 100 ℃ to release CO 2 And collecting the released CO by using a gas collecting pipeline network 2 Thereby CO in gas phase 2 Converting into a liquid phase form which is not easy to volatilize and then releasing and collecting CO 2 The trapping is more convenient.
3. The invention uses the compressor to collect CO in the gas collecting pipeline network after collecting gas and performing primary compression 2 Compressing to 3MPa, and compressing the primary compressed CO 2 Cooled to-35 ℃ and slowly poured to absorb CO at first during primary compression 2 The absorbent of (2) avoids the occurrence of bubbles, and the CO is filtered and absorbed by a filter screen 2 The impurities in the absorbent of (2) are then combined with activated carbon and silica gel to form an adsorption bed, and the collected CO is released 2 Passing through the adsorption bed to make the adsorption bed adsorb CO 2 Moisture in (C) and CO 2 Primary compression is carried out, finally, a polyether film is utilized to separate moisture and nitrogen and retain carbon dioxide, thereby capturing CO 2 The purity can be higher.
4. The invention removes impurities, adsorbs and dehumidifies CO after membrane separation by primary compression 2 Compressing to 8MPa by using a compressor to make CO 2 Liquefying into liquid, preparing a high-pressure gas cylinder made of alloy steel, and placing liquid CO in a high-pressure environment of 8MPa 2 Injecting into high pressure gas cylinder, wrapping heat insulating layer outside the high pressure gas cylinder, and transporting by transport vehicle equipped with safety system, pressure control system, temperature control system and heat insulating equipment, or selecting geological cover layer which is deep rock layer, passing injection well through geological cover layer, compressing CO 2 Liquid is injected into the geological formation through the injection well to thereby store the trapped CO 2 Providing convenience.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the gas collection of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a primary compression flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an absorber of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
referring to FIGS. 1 and 4, a phase change absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide and a method for capturing carbon dioxide are provided, which comprises selecting potassium hydroxide solution as phase change absorbent, wherein the potassium hydroxide solution is formed by dissolving KOH in water, and in the solution, potassium hydroxide is decomposed into K+ and OH-and interacts with water molecules, and potassium hydroxide is used for absorbing CO 2 CO gas is processed 2 Converting into a liquid phase form which is not easy to volatilize;
further, as CO 2 The sodium hydroxide solution of the absorbent has affinity and can be used for CO 2 The gas reacts to absorb it from the gas phase into the solution, hydroxide ions (OH-) in potassium hydroxide and carbonate ions (CO) in carbon dioxide 3 2- ) Combining to form potassium carbonate.
Embodiment two:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, a phase change absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide and a method for capturing carbon dioxide, including the following steps: comprises the preparation of raw materials,
step S1, raw material preparation:
1. polymer film: the gas-permeable porous membrane has high gas permeability and is used for separating macromolecular gas;
2. glass fiber film: has low air permeability and is used for permeating small molecular gas;
3. an absorbent: the absorbent is potassium hydroxide solution, and the gas mixture separated by the membrane module is led throughInto potassium hydroxide solution to make CO 2 The gas component is adsorbed into potassium hydroxide solution, and the specific reaction formula is as follows:
CO 2 +2KOH→K 2 CO 3 +H 2 O
KOH and CO in Potassium hydroxide solution 2 Reaction to produce K 2 CO 3 And H 2 O；
Preparing a polymer film and a glass fiber film to form a film module, and preparing potassium hydroxide solution to be connected with the film module in series;
the potassium hydroxide solution as absorbent is used as an absorption unit to absorb CO discharged from the absorption tower 2 And temperature control and airflow pressure control are performed.
Further, the gas is bubbled or sprayed in the potassium hydroxide solution and contacted with the absorbent to absorb CO by the potassium hydroxide solution 2 Generating a reaction to form K 2 CO 3 And water H 2 The properties of the O-mixed liquid phase, polymer film and glass fiber film are shown in the following table:
| air permeability | Application of | Permeate gas | |
| Polymer film | High separation of gas mixtures | Gas separation | Interception of macromolecular gases |
| Glass fiber film | Low and high-temperature resistance | Gas separation | Through small molecular gases |
The method comprises the steps of installing a polymer film and a glass fiber film into an absorption tower, coating grids on the surfaces of the polymer film and the glass fiber film, using a pressure container at the bottom of the film module, in practical application, assembling the polymer film and the glass fiber film into the film module to increase the surface area and improve the separation efficiency, keeping the bottom gas pressure of the film module at 0.9MPa, forming a pressure difference between the bottom of the film module and the top of the film module, controlling the temperature of the absorption tower at 40-50 ℃ by utilizing an external constant temperature system outside the absorption tower after a gas mixture enters the absorption tower, avoiding the film module from being broken or deformed due to the too high pressure, simultaneously avoiding the film from being unable to work due to the too low pressure, limiting the flow rate of the gas by taking the coated grids as a shield, avoiding the too high flow rate from causing or shearing force to the film, simultaneously preventing the film material from ageing, deforming or melting due to the too high temperature at 40-50 ℃, and preventing the film from becoming brittle or freezing due to the too low temperature, thereby prolonging the service life.
Embodiment III:
referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, a phase change absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide and a method for capturing carbon dioxide include the steps of S2, designing and operating:
1. and (3) a membrane module: placing a polymer film on the bottom layer of an absorption tower, and then placing glass fibers on the top layer of the polymer film in a superposition manner, so that the polymer film and the glass fiber film are placed in the absorption tower in a superposition manner, and meanwhile, coating grids on the surfaces of the polymer film and the glass fiber film;
2. and (3) temperature control: the external cooling system outside the absorption tower is utilized, the temperature of the absorption tower is controlled at 50 ℃, so that the phenomenon that the temperature of a membrane module is too high or too low, the aging, deformation or melting of a membrane material can be caused by the too high temperature, and the embrittlement or freezing of the membrane can be caused by the too low temperature can be avoided;
3. pressure control: the bottom of the membrane module is provided with a pressure container, the pressure container is operated to control the flow and the pressure of inlet and outlet gas to adjust the pressure difference, so that the bottom gas pressure of the membrane module is maintained at 0.9MPa, the bottom of the membrane module and the top of the membrane module form the pressure difference, and the pressure difference is favorable for CO 2 Pushing against the permeate side of the membrane;
after temperature and pressure control, the gas mixture is led to an absorption tower, the polymer film in the film module intercepts methane, nitrogen and oxygen, the glass fiber film can permeate carbon dioxide by utilizing selective permeability, and the permeated carbon dioxide is discharged from the absorption tower into potassium hydroxide solution and contacted with the potassium hydroxide solution, so that CO 2 Is absorbed into potassium hydroxide solution molecules to adsorb CO in gas phase 2 To a liquid phase form which is not volatile, and CO 2 The other gases become bubbles and are discharged out of the sodium hydroxide solution.
Further, by passing the gas mixture into the absorber after temperature and pressure control, the polymer membranes in the membrane module intercept methane, nitrogen and oxygen, and the glass fiber membranes will permeate CO with permselectivity 2 CO which is subsequently transmitted 2 Will be discharged from the absorption tower into potassium hydroxide solution to make CO 2 Contact with potassium hydroxide solution to cause CO 2 Is absorbed into potassium hydroxide solution molecules to adsorb CO in gas phase 2 To a liquid phase form which is not volatile, and CO 2 The other gases become bubbles to discharge sodium hydroxide solution, and CO is absorbed 2 Is taken out and then transferred to a gas collecting pipeline network, and absorbs CO 2 Is heated to 100 ℃ to release CO 2 And collecting the released CO by using a gas collecting pipeline network 2 Thereby CO in gas phase 2 Converting into a liquid phase form which is not easy to volatilize and then releasing and collecting CO 2 The trapping is more convenient.
Embodiment four:
referring to figures 1, 2 and 4,a phase change absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide and a method for capturing carbon dioxide comprise the following steps of S3, collecting gas: will absorb CO 2 Is taken out and then transferred to a gas collecting pipeline network, and absorbs CO 2 Is heated to 100 ℃ to release CO 2 And collecting the released CO by using a gas collecting pipeline network 2 ；
1. Primary compression: CO collected by a gas collecting pipeline network using a compressor 2 Compressing to 3MPa;
CO after primary compression 2 Cooling to-35 ℃ to ensure adequate liquefaction and purification of the carbon dioxide;
(1) Removing impurities: the CO is absorbed by first slowly dumping during primary compression 2 The absorbent of (2) avoids the occurrence of bubbles, and the CO is filtered and absorbed by a filter screen 2 Impurities in the absorbent of (a);
(2) Adsorption and dehumidification: combining activated carbon and silica gel to form an adsorption bed, and releasing the collected CO 2 Passing through the adsorption bed to make the adsorption bed adsorb CO 2 Moisture in (C) and CO 2 Performing primary compression;
(3) Membrane separation: passing the compressed carbon dioxide through a polyether membrane which is hydrophilic and can selectively adsorb and separate moisture while allowing the carbon dioxide to pass through so that it can separate moisture and nitrogen and retain carbon dioxide;
2. secondary compression: compressing the carbon dioxide after membrane separation to 8MPa by a compressor to make CO 2 Liquefying into liquid.
Further, the temperature difference is utilized to cool the water into liquid, and then the liquid is separated, the vapor can be condensed into liquid by reducing the temperature of the gas, then the liquid is separated by separating equipment such as a condenser or a separator, and after the gas is collected and subjected to primary compression, the CO collected by a gas collecting pipeline network is collected by a compressor 2 Compressing to 3MPa, and compressing the primary compressed CO 2 Cooled to-35 ℃ and slowly poured to absorb CO at first during primary compression 2 The absorbent of (2) avoids bubbles, and is filtered and absorbed by a filter screenCO (carbon monoxide) 2 The impurities in the absorbent of (2) are then combined with activated carbon and silica gel to form an adsorption bed, and the collected CO is released 2 Passing through the adsorption bed to make the adsorption bed adsorb CO 2 Moisture in (C) and CO 2 Primary compression is carried out, finally, a polyether film is utilized to separate moisture and nitrogen and retain carbon dioxide, thereby capturing CO 2 The purity can be higher.
Fifth embodiment:
referring to fig. 1, a phase change absorbent for capturing carbon dioxide and a method for capturing carbon dioxide include the steps of S4, storing: CO to be converted into liquid after compression 2 Injecting into high-pressure gas cylinder for storage and transportation or into underground oil and gas reservoir, preparing high-pressure gas cylinder made of alloy steel, and introducing liquid CO under high pressure environment of 8MPa 2 Injecting into a high-pressure gas cylinder, and then wrapping a heat insulation layer outside the high-pressure gas cylinder to reduce liquid CO 2 Is affected by an external heat source and transported by a transport vehicle equipped with a safety system, a pressure control system, a temperature control system and an insulation device, and is coordinated to reduce liquid CO by the pressure control system, the temperature control system and the insulation device 2 Evaporation loss of (c);
or selecting a geological blanket, which is a deep rock layer with low permeability and high sequestration capacity to ensure CO 2 Can not leak to the ground surface;
(1) Injection well designed through geological formations for CO injection 2 Safely introducing into the reservoir;
(2) CO after compression 2 Injecting liquid into the geological covering layer through the injection well;
(3) Continuously detecting the quality of underground water, the underground water level, the ground gas concentration and the underground pressure, and further detecting CO 2 The liquid is stored in a geological formation;
sequestration of CO by geological capping 2 Are commonly used in carbon capture and sequestration projects aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere;
further, the primary compression is carried out to remove impurities, adsorb and dehumidify CO after membrane separation 2 Compressing to 8MPa by using a compressor to make CO 2 Liquefying into liquid, preparing a high-pressure gas cylinder made of alloy steel, and placing liquid CO in a high-pressure environment of 8MPa 2 Injecting into high pressure gas cylinder, wrapping heat insulating layer outside the high pressure gas cylinder, and transporting by transport vehicle equipped with safety system, pressure control system, temperature control system and heat insulating equipment, or selecting geological cover layer which is deep rock layer, passing injection well through geological cover layer, compressing CO 2 Liquid is injected into the geological formation through the injection well to thereby store the trapped CO 2 Providing convenience.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (3)
1. A method of capturing carbon dioxide, characterized by: the method for capturing carbon dioxide is as follows: preparing raw materials, preparing a polymer film and a glass fiber film to form a film module, and preparing a potassium hydroxide solution to be connected with the film module in series;
the membrane module is characterized in that a polymer membrane is placed on the bottom layer of an absorption tower, glass fibers are stacked on the top layer of the polymer membrane, the polymer membrane and the glass fiber membrane are stacked in the absorption tower, the surfaces of the polymer membrane and the glass fiber membrane are coated with grids, and potassium hydroxide solution serving as an absorbent is used as an absorption unit to absorb CO discharged from the absorption tower 2 And temperature control and airflow pressure control are performed;
the method for capturing carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: step S1, raw material preparation:
1. a polymer film;
2. a glass fiber film;
3. an absorbent;
the method for capturing carbon dioxide further comprises the following steps: step S2, designing and operating:
1. a membrane module;
2. temperature control;
3. pressure control;
step S3, collecting gas:
1. primary compression:
(1) Removing impurities;
(2) Adsorption and dehumidification;
(3) Membrane separation;
2. performing secondary compression;
the step S1 further includes the following steps:
step S11, polymer film: the gas-permeable porous membrane has high gas permeability and is used for separating macromolecular gas;
glass fiber film: has low air permeability and is used for permeating small molecular gas;
an absorbent: the absorbent is potassium hydroxide solution, and the gas mixture separated by the membrane module is introduced into the potassium hydroxide solution to make CO 2 The gas component is adsorbed into potassium hydroxide solution, and the specific reaction formula is as follows:
CO 2 +2KOH→K 2 CO 3 +H 2 O
KOH and CO in Potassium hydroxide solution 2 Reaction to produce K 2 CO 3 And H 2 O；
The step S2 further includes the following steps:
step S21, (1) temperature control: controlling the temperature of the absorption tower to be 40-50 ℃ by using an external constant temperature system outside the absorption tower;
(2) Pressure control: the bottom of the membrane module is provided with a pressure container, the pressure container is operated to control the flow and the pressure of the inlet gas and the outlet gas to adjust the pressure difference, so that the pressure of the bottom gas of the membrane module is maintained at 0.9MPa, and the pressure difference is formed between the bottom of the membrane module and the top of the membrane module;
step S22, after temperature control and pressure control, the gas mixture enters an absorption tower to enable the polymer films in the film module to intercept CH 4 、N 2 And O 2 The glass fiber membrane can permeate CO by utilizing selective permeability 2 CO which is subsequently transmitted 2 Is discharged from the absorption tower into potassium hydroxide solution and contacted with the potassium hydroxide solution to make CO 2 Is absorbed into potassium hydroxide solution molecules to adsorb CO in gas phase 2 To a liquid phase form which is not volatile, and CO 2 The other gases become bubbles to discharge sodium hydroxide solution;
the step S3 further includes the following steps:
step S31, collecting gas: will absorb CO 2 Is taken out and then transferred to a gas collecting pipeline network, and absorbs CO 2 Is heated to 100 ℃ to release CO 2 And collecting the released CO by using a gas collecting pipeline network 2 ；
Primary compression: CO collected by a gas collecting pipeline network using a compressor 2 Compressing to 3MPa;
CO after primary compression 2 Cooling to-35 ℃;
step S32, (1) impurity removal: the CO is absorbed by first slowly dumping during primary compression 2 The absorbent of (2) avoids the occurrence of bubbles, and the CO is filtered and absorbed by a filter screen 2 Impurities in the absorbent of (a);
(2) Adsorption and dehumidification: combining activated carbon and silica gel to form an adsorption bed, and releasing the collected CO 2 Passing through the adsorption bed to make the adsorption bed adsorb CO 2 Moisture in (C) and CO 2 Performing primary compression;
(3) Membrane separation of compressed CO 2 Through the polyether film;
step S33, two-stage compression: CO after membrane separation 2 Compressing to 8MPa by using a compressor to make CO 2 Liquefying into liquid.
2. A carbon dioxide capturing device according to claim 1The method is characterized in that: the method for capturing carbon dioxide further comprises the following steps: step S4, storing: CO to be converted into liquid after compression 2 Injecting into high-pressure gas cylinders for storage and transportation or into underground oil and gas reservoirs.
3. A method of capturing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the step S4 further includes the following steps:
step S41, storing: preparing a high-pressure gas cylinder made of alloy steel, and placing liquid CO in a high-pressure environment of 8MPa 2 Injecting the mixture into a high-pressure gas cylinder, then wrapping a heat insulation layer outside the high-pressure gas cylinder, and transporting the mixture by using a transport vehicle provided with a safety system, a pressure control system, a temperature control system and heat insulation equipment;
step S42, or selecting a geological covering layer, wherein the geological covering layer is a deep rock layer;
(1) Designing an injection well through the geological formation;
(2) CO after compression 2 Injecting liquid into the geological covering layer through the injection well;
(3) Continuously detecting the quality of underground water, the underground water level, the ground gas concentration and the underground pressure, and further detecting CO 2 The liquid is stored in a geological formation.
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| US10835847B2 (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2020-11-17 | Ohio State Innovation Foundation | Polymeric membranes for separation of gases |
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