CN117395638A - 降低近场通信系统中功耗的技术 - Google Patents

降低近场通信系统中功耗的技术 Download PDF

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CN117395638A
CN117395638A CN202311431138.2A CN202311431138A CN117395638A CN 117395638 A CN117395638 A CN 117395638A CN 202311431138 A CN202311431138 A CN 202311431138A CN 117395638 A CN117395638 A CN 117395638A
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frequency range
near field
field communication
contactless card
communication device
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凯文·奥斯本
大卫·伍姆菲尔德
凯万·埃莫特
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Capital One Services LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07773—Antenna details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10118—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the sensing being preceded by at least one preliminary step
    • G06K7/10128—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves the sensing being preceded by at least one preliminary step the step consisting of detection of the presence of one or more record carriers in the vicinity of the interrogation device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/40—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
    • H04B5/48—Transceivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/72—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for local intradevice communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/77—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for interrogation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer

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  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
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Abstract

各种实施例一般地涉及一种在蜂窝通信频率范围内通信的技术，响应于用于蜂窝通信的蜂窝通信频率范围内的通信而检测谐振信号，谐振信号指示非接触式卡的存在。实施例还包括基于谐振信号的检测启用近场通信设备以向非接触式卡发送通信，近场通信设备在近场通信频率范围内与非接触式卡通信。

Description

降低近场通信系统中功耗的技术
背景技术
移动通信系统越来越普及并且已成为个人和商业通信的组成部分。一些移动设备采用非接触式卡技术和/或近场通信(NFC)芯片。NFC技术可用于基于射频识别(REID)标准的非接触式短距离通信，使用磁场感应来实现包括移动无线通信设备在内的电子设备之间的通信。这些短距离通信可包括支付和票务、电子钥匙、身份证明、设备设置服务和类似的信息共享。然而，NFC设备往往会消耗大量电量，导致用户在移动设备上禁用它们以延长电池寿命，这限制了NFC的潜在使用。
相关申请
本申请主张2019年2月27日提交的题为“TECHNIQUES TO REDUCE POWERCONSUMPTION IN NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS(降低近场通信系统中功耗的技术)”的美国专利申请序列号16/287,119的优先权。上述申请的全部内容通过参考并入本文。
发明内容
本文描述的各种实施例可以包括设备、系统、装置等，其包括在用于蜂窝通信的第一频率范围内通信的收发器。所述设备还可以包括与所述收发器耦合的电路，并且所述电路可以响应于用于蜂窝通信的第一频率范围中的传输而检测谐振信号。在实施例中，例如，所述谐振信号可以指示非接触式卡的存在。所述电路可以基于所述谐振信号的检测启用近场通信设备，所述近场通信设备在第二频率范围内与所述非接触式卡通信，所述第二频率范围可以不同于所述第一频率范围。
本文描述的各种实施例还可以包括计算机实现的方法，其包括在蜂窝通信频率范围内通信，响应于用于蜂窝通信的所述蜂窝通信频率范围内的通信而检测谐振信号，所述谐振信号指示存非接触式卡的存在，并且基于所述谐振信号的检测启用近场通信设备以向所述非接触式卡发送通信，所述近场通信设备在近场通信频率范围内与所述非接触式卡通信。
本文描述的各种实施例可以包括设备、系统、装置等，其包括可操作地在近场通信范围内通信的近场通信设备，以及响应于所述蜂窝频率范围内的通信的谐振电路，所述谐振电路响应于所述蜂窝频率范围内的通信而振荡，并且其中所述近场通信设备基于所述谐振电路的振荡接收激励信号并与一设备的另一近场通信设备通信。
附图说明
图1A是根据示例实施例的数据传输系统的图表。
图1B是示出根据示例实施例的用于提供经认证的访问的序列的图表。
图2A是根据示例实施例的非接触式卡的图示。
图2B是根据示例实施例的非接触式卡的接触垫的图示。
图3是根据示例实施例的使用非接触式卡的系统的图表。
图4示出了第一流程图的示例。
图5示出了第二流程图的示例。
图6示出了计算架构的示例。
图7示出了通信架构的示例。
具体实施方式
各种实施例通常涉及通过减少客户端设备用于搜索要通信的其他设备的时间量来最小化使用近场通信(NFC)设备的客户端设备的电力使用。例如，实施例包括将NFC设备保持在关闭或较低功率状态，直到基于谐振频率信号检测检测到另一设备。
更具体地，诸如移动电话之类的客户端设备可以在蜂窝通信的正常操作过程中与蜂窝系统通信。这些蜂窝通信可以包括蜂窝频率范围内的语音通信、数据通信、状态通信等。诸如非接触式卡之类的另一设备可以包括谐振电路，该谐振电路被调谐为当存在在蜂窝频率范围内通信的蜂窝通信时进行谐振。客户端设备可以包括能够检测由非接触式卡发射的谐振频率信号的电路。响应于检测谐振频率信号，客户端设备可以启用其NFC设备并尝试使用NFC与非接触式卡通信。
本文讨论的特征和技术是对现有系统的改进，因为它们使设备极大地减少功耗。之前的NFC解决方案要求用户在客户端设备上启用NFC设备，直到检测到其他设备，例如信用卡或支付系统。这种方法始终要求NFC设备轮询或ping(激励)以使用电力和耗尽电池进行连接尝试。或者，用户可以禁用NFC设备，直到它们准备好与另一设备耦合。然而，这种方式需要用户每次使用NFC设备时都手动开启，这样很不方便。所讨论的实施例使NFC设备保持在关闭或较低功率利用状态，并在另一设备存在时自动开启。因此，这种方法使用较少的功率并且对用户来说是方便的。在以下描述中，这些和其他细节将变得更加明显。
现在参考附图，其中相同的附图标记自始至终用于指代相同的元件。在以下描述中，为了解释的目的，阐述了许多具体细节以提供对其的透彻理解。然而，显而易见的是，可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下实践新颖的实施例。在其他情况下，众所周知的结构和设备以框图形式示出以便于对其进行描述。意图是覆盖权利要求范围内的所有修改、等同物和替代物。
图1A示出了根据示例实施例的数据传输系统。如下文进一步讨论的，系统100可以包括非接触式卡105、客户端设备110、网络115和服务器120。尽管图1A示出了组件的单个实例，但是系统100可以包括任何数量的组件。
系统100可以包括一个或多个非接触式卡105，下面参考图2A至图2B对其进行进一步解释。在一些实施例中，非接触式卡105可以与客户端设备110进行无线通信，在示例中，利用近场通信(NFC)。
系统100可以包括客户端设备110，其可以是具有网络功能的计算机。如本文所指，具有网络功能的计算机可包括但不限于计算机设备或通信设备，其中包括例如服务器、网络设备、个人计算机、工作站、电话、手持PC、个人数字助理、瘦客户端、胖客户端、互联网浏览器或其他设备。客户端设备110也可以是移动设备；例如，移动设备可能包括的iPhone、iPod、iPad或任何其他运行Apple的/>操作系统的移动设备、任何运行Microsoft的/>Mobile操作系统的设备、任何运行Google的/>操作系统的设备，和/或任何其他智能手机、平板电脑或类似的可穿戴移动设备。
因此，客户端设备110可以包括包含处理器和存储器的组件，并且可以理解，处理电路可以包含附加组件，包括处理器、存储器、错误和奇偶校验/CRC校验器、数据编码器、防冲突算法、控制器、命令解码器、安全原语和防篡改硬件，以必要地执行此处描述的功能。客户端设备110还可以包括显示和输入设备。显示器可以是用于呈现视觉信息的任何类型的设备，例如计算机显示器、平板显示器和移动设备屏幕，包括液晶显示器、发光二极管显示器、等离子面板和阴极射线管显示器。输入设备可以包括任何用于向用户设备输入信息的设备，这些设备是用户设备可以使用和支持的，如触摸屏、键盘、鼠标、光标控制设备、触屏、麦克风、数码相机、录像机或摄像机。这些设备可用于输入信息并与本文所述的软件和其他设备交互。
在实施例中，客户端设备110可以包括一个或多个输入/输出(I/O)设备，其中包括使用无线和有线技术进行通信的那些设备。例如，客户端设备110可以包括一个或多个收发器以在蜂窝频带中通信，例如700兆赫(MHz)频率范围、800兆赫(MHz)频率范围、850MHz频率范围、1700MHz频率范围、1900MHz频率范围、2100MHz频率范围、2300MHz频率范围、2500MHz频率范围、2600MHz频率范围等等。收发器本身可以包括用于执行发送和接收操作的组件和电路。组件和电路包括模数转换器、数模转换器、调制器、放大器等。在实施例中，收发器可以与一个或多个天线耦合以执行通信。此外，收发器可以包括附加的物理层和媒体访问控制(MAC)层电路和软件和/或与其耦合以根据一个或多个蜂窝标准进行通信，例如第二代(2G)、3G、4G和5G或新无线电(NR)标准。其他蜂窝标准和/或技术包括增强型数据速率GSM演进(EDGE)、演进数据优化(EVDO)、通用分组无线业务(GPRS)、高速分组接入(HSPA)、演进HSPA(HSPA+)、长期演进(LTE)、通用移动电信系统(UMTS)、全球微波接入互操作性(WiMAX)等。收发器可以利用一个或多个无线电技术和协议(蜂窝协议)，例如码分多址(CDMA))、频分双工(FDD)、时分双工(TDD)、多输入多输出(MIMO)、正交频分多址(OFDMA)等。实施例不限于这种方式。
在实施例中，客户端设备110可以包括附加的I/O设备，例如与NFC天线(例如环形天线)耦合的NFC设备。NFC设备可以是可操作地根据NFC协议通信并经由NFC天线采用电磁感应的无线电/控制器。在一个示例中，NFC设备可以在国际标准化组织/国际电工技术委员会(ISO/IEC)18000-3空中接口上的13.56MHz未授权射频工业、科学和医疗(ISM)频带中进行通信，实现从106到424千比特/秒(kbit/s)的数据速率。如下文将更详细讨论的，NFC设备可以经由应用来使用和提供以与另一具有NFC功能的设备(例如，非接触式卡105)通信。
在一个示例中，包括NFC设备的客户端设备110可以作为发起者操作并且非接触式卡105可以作为目标操作。在该示例中，客户端设备110和非接触式卡105可以在被动操作模式下操作。作为发起者操作的客户端设备110激励作为目标操作的非接触式卡105并为其提供载波场。非接触式卡105从发起者提供的电磁场汲取其操作功率。在先前的解决方案中，包括NFC设备的客户端设备110可以连续地和周期性地(或半周期性地)搜索目标，例如非接触式卡105。对于依靠电池供电操作的客户端设备110，这种持续搜索目标使用大量电力并耗尽电池。因此，客户端设备110的用户可以禁用NFC设备(禁用电力)和/或将NFC设备置于较低电力状态以使其不使用那么多电力。然而，客户端设备110可能不会发现非接触式卡105和/或用户每次希望客户端设备105执行发现时可能被迫启用NFC设备。本文讨论的实施例通过基于由蜂窝通信引起的谐振信号的检测自动启用NFC设备来解决这些缺点。客户端设备110可以将NFC设备保持在禁用和/或低功率操作模式中，直到检测到谐振信号以节省功率并且不需要用户动作。这些和其他细节将在下面提供。
在一些示例中，系统100的客户端设备110可以执行一个或多个应用，例如软件应用，其例如能够实现与系统100的一个或多个组件的网络通信并且发送和/或接收数据。
客户端设备110可以经由一个或多个网络115与一个或多个服务器120通信，并且可以与服务器120一起作为的相应前端到后端对进行操作。客户端设备110例如可以通过在客户端设备110上执行的移动设备应用将一个或多个请求发送到服务器120。该一个或多个请求可以与从服务器120检索数据相关联。服务器120可以从客户端设备110接收一个或多个请求。基于来自客户端设备110的一个或多个请求，服务器120可以被配置为从一个或多个数据库(未示出)检索所请求的数据。基于从一个或多个数据库接收请求数据，服务器120可以被配置为将接收到的数据发送到客户端设备110，所接收的数据响应于一个或多个请求。
系统100可以包括一个或多个网络115。在一些示例中，网络115可以是无线网络、有线网络或无线网络和有线网络的任何组合中的一个或多个，并且可以被配置为连接客户端设备110到服务器120。例如，网络115可以包括光纤网络、无源光网络、电缆网络、因特网网络、卫星网络、无线局域网(LAN)、全球移动通信系统、个人通信服务、个域网、无线应用协议、多媒体消息服务、增强型消息服务、短消息服务、基于时分复用的系统、基于码分多址的系统、D-AMPS、Wi-Fi、固定无线数据、IEEE 802.11b、802.15.1、802.11n和802.11g、蓝牙、NFC、射频识别(RFID)、Wi-Fi等中的一个或多个。
此外，网络115可以包括但不限于电话线、光纤、IEEE以太网902.3、广域网、无线个域网、LAN或全球网络，例如因特网。此外，网络115可支持因特网网络、无线通信网络、蜂窝网络等或其任何组合。网络115还可以包括一个网络或任何数量的上述示例性类型的网络，作为独立网络运行或相互协作。网络115可以利用与其通信耦合的一个或多个网络元件的一个或多个协议。网络115可以转换成其他协议或从其他协议转换成网络设备的一个或多个协议。尽管网络115可以示出为单个网络，但是应当理解，根据一个或多个示例，网络115可以包括多个互连网络，例如因特网、服务提供商的网络、有线电视网络、公司网络(例如信用卡协会网络)和家庭网络。
系统100可以包括一个或多个服务器120。在一些示例中，服务器120可以包括一个或多个耦合到存储器的处理器。服务器120可以被配置为中央系统、服务器或平台以在不同时间控制和调用各种数据以执行多个工作流动作。服务器120可以被配置为连接到一个或多个数据库。服务器120可以连接到至少一个客户端设备110。
图1B是示出用于执行本公开的一个或多个实施例的设备发现的示例序列的时序图。系统100包括非接触式卡105、客户端设备110和蜂窝系统117。蜂窝系统117可以包括多个组件和系统以根据一个或多个蜂窝标准和协议进行通信。非接触式卡105可以包括NFC设备128和谐振电路130，并且客户端设备110可以包括NFC设备122、检测电路124和收发器126。例如，非接触式卡105和/或客户端设备110可以包括执行操作的附加组件。例如，客户端设备110可以包括处理器、存储器、接口等，如前所述。在实施例中，客户端设备110可以包括用于存储一个或多个应用的存储装置。此外，一个或多个组件，例如NFC设备、检测电路124、收发器126等可以通过硬件中实现为物理电路和/或通过存储在存储器中的软件实现以执行这里讨论的一个或多个操作。
设备发现操作可以包括进行蜂窝通信的客户端设备110和包括被配置为对蜂窝通信做出响应的谐振电路130的非接触式卡105。谐振电路130可以响应于蜂窝通信而产生谐振信号，以启动NFC设备122。
更具体地，在步骤152，客户端设备110可以使收发器126与蜂窝系统117进行蜂窝通信。蜂窝通信可以是任何类型的蜂窝通信，例如语音通信、数据通信、配置通信、轮询通信、设置/配置通信等。请注意，在一些情况下，蜂窝通信可以由蜂窝系统117发送并由客户端设备110的收发器126接收。实施例不限于蜂窝通信的通信方向。
在步骤154，非接触式卡105的谐振电路130可以响应于蜂窝通信而做出反应。谐振电路130可以是包括电感器和电容器的LC电路，其被配置为响应于一个或多个蜂窝频率范围内的蜂窝通信而作为电谐振器操作。例如，谐振电路130通过响应于蜂窝通信以最小阻尼振荡来作出反应。
同样在步骤154，客户端设备110的检测电路124可以检测谐振信号。例如，检测电路124可以检测收发器126的放大器上和/或与收发器126耦合的放大器上的负载。在一些情况下，检测电路124可以通过测量发射天线的效率和/或负载来检测谐振电路和谐振信号的存在。负载可以指示谐振信号和非接触式卡105的存在。在一个示例中，检测电路124可以是能够经由有线互连或连接检测放大器上的负载的物理电路。在实施例中，检测电路124可以是独立的单独电路或控制器和/或可以是客户端设备110的主处理电路的一部分，例如处理单元(CPU)。在另一示例中，检测电路124可以至少部分地以存储在存储器中的软件实现，并且经由另一应用或操作系统从收发器126接收指示放大器上的负载的信号或通信。
在实施例中，当非接触式卡105在一定距离内时，检测电路124可以仅检测谐振信号的存在。例如，检测电路124可以检测与NFC通信的距离接近的谐振信号，例如在20厘米(cm)内。然而，实施例不限于该示例。例如，检测电路124可以在大于NFC通信能力的距离处检测谐振信号，以允许NFC设备有时间启用，例如退出关闭或较低功率状态。
在步骤156，包括检测电路124的客户端设备110可以使NFC设备122启用。在一些实施例中，检测电路124可以直接向NFC设备122发送信号，例如通过一个或多个有线互连或连接。在其他情况下，检测电路124可以至少部分地以软件实现并且向控制NFC设备122的应用或操作系统发送信号或通信以启用NFC设备122。
在实施例中，客户端设备110可以通过使NFC设备122退出关闭或较低功率状态并进入较高功率状态来启用NFC设备122。NFC设备122在处于关闭状态时可以不使用功率，在较低功率状态下使用最小功率，并且在较高功率状态下使用正常功率。在一个示例中，NFC设备122在处于关闭状态时可以消耗零电流，在较低功率状态下消耗几毫安(mA)，并且在较高功率状态下消耗大约100mA。因此，很明显，与NFC设备122处于较高功率状态(正常操作)相比，让NFC设备122处于关闭或较低功率状态，直至在NFC设备122附近出现非接触式卡105可以节省大量功率。
在步骤158，包括NFC设备122的客户端设备110可以激励或尝试激励非接触式卡105的NFC设备128。例如，NFC设备122可以提供载波场并且NFC设备128通过调制现有的场做出响应。因此，NFC设备128可以从NFC设备122提供的电磁场汲取其操作功率。
此外，在步骤160，包括应用的客户端设备110与非接触式卡105通信(例如，在接近非接触式卡105之后)。在实施例中，客户端设备110可以向非接触式卡105执行一个或多个认证操作。此外，客户端设备110和非接触式卡105之间的通信可以涉及非接触式卡105足够靠近客户端设备110的读卡器(未示出)以实现客户端设备110和非接触式卡105之间的NFC数据传输。
在步骤162，在客户端设备110和非接触式卡105之间建立通信之后，非接触式卡105生成消息认证码(MAC)密码。在一些示例中，这可能在客户端设备110读取非接触式卡105时发生。特别地，这可能在读取近场数据交换(NDEF)标签时发生，例如NFC读取，该标签可根据NFC数据交换格式创建。
图2A示出了一个或多个非接触式卡200，其可包括由显示在卡200的正面或背面的服务提供商205发行的支付卡，例如信用卡、借记卡或礼品卡。在一些实施例中，非接触式卡200与支付卡无关，并且可以包括但不限于身份证。在一些实施例中，支付卡可以包括双界面非接触式支付卡。非接触式卡200可以包括基板210，其可以包括单层，或者由塑料、金属和其他材料构成的一个或多个层压层。示例性基板材料包括聚氯乙烯、聚氯乙烯乙酸酯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、阳极氧化钛、钯、金、碳、纸和可生物降解材料。在一些实施例中，非接触式卡200可以具有符合ISO/IEC 7810标准的ID-1格式的物理特性，并且非接触式卡可以另外符合ISO/IEC 14443标准。然而，可以理解的是，根据本公开的非接触式卡200可以具有不同的特性，并且本公开不要求在支付卡中实现非接触式卡。
非接触式卡200还可包括显示在卡正面和/或背面的识别信息215和接触垫220。接触垫220可以被配置为与另一个通信设备建立联系，例如用户设备、智能电话、笔记本电脑、台式计算机或平板电脑。非接触式卡200还可以包括处理电路、天线和图2A中未示出的其他组件。这些组件可以位于接触垫520后面或基板210上的其他地方，例如在基板210的不同层内。非接触式卡200还可以包括磁条或磁带，其可以位于卡的背面(图2A中未示出)。
如图2B所示，图2A的接触垫220可以包括用于存储和处理信息的处理电路225，包括微处理器230和存储器235。应当理解，处理电路可以包含附加组件，包括处理器、存储器、错误和奇偶校验/CRC校验器、数据编码器、防冲突算法、控制器、命令解码器、安全原语和防篡改硬件，以执行执行此处描述的功能。
存储器235可以是只读存储器、一次写入多次读取存储器或读/写存储器，例如RAM、ROM和EEPROM，并且非接触式卡500可以包括这些存储器中的一个或多个。只读存储器可以在工厂可编程为只读或一次性可编程的。一次性可编程性提供了一次写入然后多次读取的机会。可以在存储芯片出厂后的某个时间点对一次写入/多次读取的存储器进行编程。一旦存储器被编程，它可能不会被重写，但它可能被多次读取。读/写存储器在出厂后可以多次编程和重新编程。它也可以被多次读取。
存储器235可以被配置为存储一个或多个小程序240、一个或多个计数器245和客户标识符250。一个或多个小程序240可以包括一个或多个软件应用程序，该软件应用程序被配置为在一个或多个非接触式卡上执行，例如Java Card小程序。然而，应当理解，小程序240不限于Card小程序，而是可以是可在非接触式卡或具有有限存储器的其他设备上操作的任何软件应用程序。一个或多个计数器245可以包括足以存储整数的数字计数器。客户标识符250可以包括分配给非接触式卡200的用户的唯一字母数字标识符，并且该标识符可以将非接触式卡的用户与其他非接触式卡用户区分开来。在一些实施例中，客户标识符250可以识别客户和分配给该客户的帐户的信息，并且可以进一步识别与客户的帐户相关联的非接触式卡。
在实施例中，非接触式卡200可以包括谐振电路255，其被配置为响应于蜂窝通信而振荡。如上所述，谐振电路255可以包括对一个或多个蜂窝频带中的蜂窝通信作出反应的电感器/电容器(LC)电路。例如，谐振电路255可以响应于在一个或多个蜂窝频带(例如，蜂窝频带，例如700兆赫(MHz)频率范围、800MHz频率范围、850MHz频率范围、1700MHz频率范围、1900MHz频率范围、2100MHz频率范围、2300MHz频率范围、2500MHz频率范围、2600MHz频率范围)中去往/来自客户端设备的蜂窝通信而作出反应并发射谐振信号。谐振信号可以由客户端设备的检测电路检测到并且使客户端设备启用NFC设备。
在实施例中，非接触式卡200还可以包括能够根据NFC协议进行通信的NFC设备260。NFC设备260可以被动地操作并且可以由客户端设备的NFC设备发射的信号来激励。例如，NFC设备260可以从由客户端设备的NFC设备引起的电磁场汲取其功率。然而，实施例不限于这种方式。在另一示例中，非接触式卡200可以配备有电源(未示出)，该电源可操作地向NFC设备260供电，使得NFC设备260可以激活其自身的电磁场。
参考接触垫来描述和示出包括前述示例性实施例的谐振电路、NFC设备、处理器和存储元件的非接触式卡的各组件，但是本公开不限于此。应当理解，这些元件可以在接触垫220的外部实现或与其完全分离，或者作为除了位于接触垫220内的处理器230和存储器235元件之外的另外的元件。
在一些实施例中，非接触式卡500可以包括一个或多个天线255。一个或多个天线255可以放置在非接触式卡200内和接触垫220的处理电路225周围。例如，一个或多个天线255可以与处理电路225集成在一起，并且一个或多个天线255可以与外部升压线圈一起使用。作为另一示例，一个或多个天线255可以在接触垫220和处理电路225的外部。
在一个实施例中，非接触式卡200的线圈可以充当空心变压器的次级。终端可以通过断电或调幅的方式与非接触式卡200通信。非接触式卡200可以使用非接触式卡的电源连接中的间隙推断从终端传输的数据，该电源连接可以通过一个或多个电容器在功能上保持。非接触式卡200可以通过切换非接触式卡的线圈上的负载或负载调制来进行回通信。可以通过干扰在终端的线圈中检测到负载调制。
如上所述，非接触式卡200可以构建在可在智能卡或具有有限内存的其他设备(例如JavaCard)上操作的软件平台上，并且可以安全地执行一个或多个或多个应用或小程序。小程序可以添加到非接触式卡中，以在各种基于移动应用的用例中为多因素认证(MFA)提供一次性密码(OTP)。小程序可以被配置为对来自诸如移动NFC读取器之类的读卡器的一个或多个请求(诸如近场数据交换请求)做出响应，并产生包括编码为NDEF文本标签的密码安全OTP的NDEF消息。
图3示出了使用非接触式卡的系统300。系统300可以包括非接触式卡305、一个或多个客户端设备310、网络315、服务器320、325、一个或多个硬件安全模块330和数据库335。虽然图3示出了组件的单个实例，但是系统300可以包括任何数量的组件。
系统300可以包括参考图2A至图2B进一步解释的一个或多个非接触式卡305。在一些示例中，非接触式卡305可以与客户端设备310进行无线通信，例如NFC通信。例如，非接触式卡305可以包括NFC设备314，该NFC设备314包括一个或多个芯片，例如射频识别芯片，其被配置为经由NFC或其他短距离协议进行通信。在一些实施例中，非接触式卡305能够通过其他方式与客户端设备310通信，其中包括但不限于蓝牙、卫星、Wi-Fi、有线通信和/或无线和有线连接的任何组合。根据一些实施例，当非接触式卡305在读卡器313的范围内时，非接触式卡305可以被配置为通过NFC与NFC设备313(例如发起者或读卡器)通信。
在实施例中，NFC设备313可以处于关闭或低功率状态直到基于蜂窝通信检测到非接触式卡305。NFC设备313可以退出关闭或较低功率状态并且与非接触式卡305通信以执行这里讨论的操作。
系统300可以包括客户端设备310，其可以是具有网络功能的计算机。如本文所指，具有网络功能的计算机可包括但不限于：例如计算机设备或通信设备，其中包括例如服务器、网络设备、个人计算机、工作站、移动设备、电话、手持PC、个人数字助理、瘦客户端、胖客户端、互联网浏览器或其他设备。一个或多个客户端设备310也可以是移动设备；例如，移动设备可能包括的iPhone、iPod、iPad或任何其他运行Apple的/>操作系统的移动设备、任何运行Microsoft的/>Mobile操作系统的设备、任何运行Google的操作系统的设备，和/或任何其他智能手机或类似的可穿戴移动设备。在一些示例中，客户端设备310可以与参考图1A或图1B描述的客户端设备110相同或相似。
客户端设备310可以经由一个或多个网络315以及有线和/或无线与一个或多个服务器320和325通信。客户端设备310例如可以通过在客户端设备310上执行的应用311向一个或多个服务器320和325发送一个或多个请求。该一个或多个请求可以与从一个或多个服务器320和325检索数据相关联.服务器320和325可以从客户端设备310接收一个或多个请求。基于来自客户端设备310的一个或多个请求，一个或多个服务器320和325可以被配置为从一个或多个数据库335检索所请求的数据。基于从一个或多个数据库335接收所请求的数据，一个或多个服务器320和325可以被配置为将所接收的数据发送到客户端设备310，所接收的数据响应于一个或多个请求。
系统300可以包括一个或多个硬件安全模块(HSM)330。例如，一个或多个HSM 330可以被配置为执行本文公开的一个或多个密码操作。在一些示例中，一个或多个HSM 330可以被配置为专用安全设备，这些专用安全设备被配置为执行一个或多个密码操作。HSM 330可以被配置为使得密钥永远不会泄漏到HSM 330以外，而是被维护在HSM 330内。例如，一个或多个HSM 330可以被配置为执行密钥推导、解密和MAC操作中的至少一项。一个或多个HSM330可以包含在服务器320和325内，或者可以与服务器320和325进行数据通信。
系统300可以包括一个或多个网络315。在一些示例中，网络315可以是无线网络、有线网络或无线网络和有线网络的任何组合中的一个或多个，并且可以被配置为连接客户端设备315到服务器320和325。例如，网络315可以包括光纤网络、无源光网络、电缆网络、蜂窝网络、因特网网络、卫星网络、无线LAN、全球移动通信系统、个人通信服务、个域网、无线应用协议、多媒体消息服务、增强型消息服务、短消息服务、基于时分复用的系统、基于码分多址的系统、D-AMPS、Wi-Fi、固定无线数据、IEEE 802.11b、802.15.1、802.11n和802.11g、蓝牙、NFC、RFID、Wi-Fi和/或其网络的任何组合中的一个或多个。作为非限制性示例，来自非接触式卡305和客户端设备310的通信可以包括NFC通信、客户端设备310和运营商之间的蜂窝网络以及运营商和后端之间的互联网。
此外，网络315可以包括但不限于电话线、光纤、IEEE以太网902.3、广域网、无线个域网、局域网或全球网络，例如因特网。此外，网络315可支持因特网网络、无线通信网络、蜂窝网络等或其任何组合。网络315还可以包括一个网络或任何数量的上述示例性类型的网络，作为独立网络运行或相互协作。网络315可以利用与其通信耦合的一个或多个网络元件的一个或多个协议。网络315可以转换成其他协议或从其他协议转换成网络设备的一个或多个协议。尽管网络315可以示出为单个网络，但是应当理解，根据一个或多个示例，网络315可以包括多个互连网络，例如因特网、服务提供商的网络、有线电视网络、公司网络(例如信用卡协会网络)和家庭网络。
在根据本公开的各种示例中，系统300的客户端设备310可以执行一个或多个应用311，并且包括一个或多个处理器312和一个或多个NFC设备313，例如读卡器。例如，一个或多个应用311，例如软件应用，可以被配置为例如启用与系统300的一个或多个组件的网络通信并且发送和/或接收数据。应当理解，虽然图3仅示出了客户端设备310的组件的单个实例，但是可以使用任何数量的设备310。如上所述，NFC设备313可以被配置为从非接触式卡305读取和/或与非接触式卡305通信。结合一个或多个应用311，NFC设备313可以与非接触式卡305通信。
任何客户端设备310的应用311可以使用短距离无线通信(例如，NFC)与非接触式卡305通信。应用311可以被配置为与客户端设备310的NFC设备313接口，该NFC设备被配置为与非接触式卡305通信。应当注意，本领域技术人员将理解，小于二十厘米的距离与NFC距离一致。
在一些实施例中，应用311通过相关联的读取器(例如，NFC设备313)与非接触式卡305通信。
在一些实施例中，卡激活可以在没有用户认证的情况下发生。例如，非接触式卡305可以通过客户端设备310的NFC设备313，经由NFC与应用311通信。通信(例如，在客户端设备310的NFC设备313附近轻触卡)允许应用311读取与卡相关联的数据并执行激活。在一些情况下，轻触可以激活或启动应用311，然后发起一个或多个动作或与帐户服务器325的通信以激活卡来供后续使用。在一些情况下，如果应用311没有安装在客户端设备310上，则对着NFC设备313轻触卡可以启动应用311的下载(例如，导航到应用下载页面)。在安装之后，轻触卡可以激活或启动应用311，然后启动(例如，经由应用或其他后端通信)卡的激活。激活之后，该卡可用于各种交易，包括商业交易。
根据一些实施例，非接触式卡305可以包括虚拟支付卡。在这些实施例中，应用311可以通过访问在客户端设备310上实现的数字钱包来检索与非接触式卡305相关联的信息，其中数字钱包包括虚拟支付卡。在一些示例中，虚拟支付卡数据可以包括一个或多个静态或动态生成的虚拟卡号。
服务器320可以包括与数据库335通信的网络服务器。服务器325可以包括帐户服务器。在一些示例中，服务器320可以被配置为通过与数据库335中的一个或多个凭证进行比较来验证来自非接触式卡305和/或客户端设备310的一个或多个凭证。服务器325可以被配置为授权来自非接触式卡305和/或客户端设备310的一个或多个请求，例如支付和交易。
图4示出了逻辑流程400的示例，其可以代表由这里描述的一个或多个实施例执行的部分或全部操作。例如，逻辑流程400可以示出由客户端设备执行的操作。
在框410，实施例包括在用于蜂窝通信的第一频率范围内通信。例如，包括收发器的客户端设备可以在蜂窝频率范围内与蜂窝系统进行信息和数据通信，该蜂窝频率范围可以是700MHz频率范围、800MHz频率范围、850MHz频率范围、1700MHz频率范围、1900MHz频率范围、2100MHz频率范围、2300MHz频率范围、2500MHz频率范围和2600MHz频率范围至。
在框420，实施例包括响应于用于蜂窝通信的第一频率范围内的发送检测谐振信号。在某些情况下，谐振信号指示非接触式卡的存在。谐振信号可以由检测电路基于收发器的放大器上的负载来检测。
在框430，实施例包括基于谐振信号的检测启用近场通信(NFC)设备，NFC设备在第二频率范围内与非接触式卡通信。例如，检测电路可以使NFC设备退出关闭或较低功率状态并根据NFC协议通信。在实施例中，第一频率范围和第二频率范围可以是不同的频率范围。例如，NFC设备可以在13.56MHz频率范围内与非接触式卡通信。
图5示出了逻辑流程500的示例，其可以代表由这里描述的一个或多个实施例执行的部分或全部操作。例如，逻辑流程500可以示出由非接触式卡执行的操作。
在框510，逻辑流程500包括响应于蜂窝频率范围内的通信而振荡。更具体地，当存在蜂窝通信信号时，非接触式卡的谐振电路可以振荡或作出反应，产生谐振频率信号，该谐振频率信号可以被另一设备(例如，客户端设备)的检测电路检测到。
在实施例中并且在框520，逻辑流程500包括接收激励信号。例如，激励信号可以被“检测到”并激励非接触式卡的NFC设备，并且可以响应于检测谐振频率信号而由客户端设备的NFC设备发送。
在框530，逻辑流程500包括与设备的另一NFC设备(例如，客户端设备的NFC设备)通信。在实施例中，如上所述，通信可以包括认证交换和支付信息。实施例不限于这种方式。
图6示出了适合于实施如前所述的各种实施例的示例性计算架构600的实施例。在一个实施例中，计算架构600可以包括或被实现为系统100的一部分。
如在本申请中使用的，术语“系统”和“组件”旨在指代计算机相关实体，可以是硬件、硬件和软件的组合、软件或执行中的软件，其示例由示例性计算架构600提供。例如，组件可以是但不限于在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、硬盘驱动器、多个存储驱动器(光和/或磁存储介质的)、对象、可执行文件、执行线程、程序和/或计算机。举例来说，在服务器上运行的应用和服务器都可以是组件。一个或多个组件可以驻留在进程和/或执行线程中，并且组件可以位于一台计算机上和/或分布在两台或多台计算机之间。此外，组件可以通过各种类型的通信媒体相互通信耦合以协调操作。协调可能涉及单向或双向信息交换。例如，组件可以以通过通信媒体传送的信号的形式传送信息。该信息可以被实现为分配给各种信号线的信号。在这样的分配中，每条消息都是一个信号。然而，其他实施例可替代地采用数据消息。此类数据消息可以通过各种连接发送。示例性连接包括并行接口、串行接口和总线接口。
计算架构600包括各种常见的计算元件，例如一个或多个处理器、多核处理器、协处理器、存储单元、芯片组、控制器、外围设备、接口、振荡器、定时设备、视频卡、音频卡、多媒体输入/输出(I/O)组件、电源等。然而，实施例不限于由计算架构600实现。
如图6所示，计算架构600包括处理单元604、系统存储器606和系统总线608。处理单元604可以是各种商用处理器中的任何一种。
系统总线608为包括但不限于系统存储器606的系统组件提供到处理单元604的接口。系统总线608可以是使用任何多种商用总线架构的任何多种类型的总线结构，其可以进一步互连到存储器总线(带或不带存储控制器)、外围总线和本地总线。接口适配器可以经由插槽架构连接到系统总线608。示例插槽架构可以包括但不限于加速图形端口(AGP)、卡总线、(扩展)工业标准架构((E)ISA)、微通道架构(MCA)、NuBus、外围组件互连(扩展)(PCI(X))、PCI Express、个人计算机存储卡国际协会(PCMCIA)等。
计算架构600可以包括或实现各种制品。制品可以包括用于存储逻辑的计算机可读存储介质。计算机可读存储介质的示例可以包括能够存储电子数据的任何有形介质，其中包括易失性存储器或非易失性存储器、可移动或不可移动存储器、可擦除或不可擦除存储器、可写或可重写存储器等等。逻辑的示例可以包括使用任何合适类型的代码(例如，源代码、编译代码、解释代码、可执行代码、静态代码、动态代码、面向对象代码、视觉代码等)实现的可执行计算机程序指令。实施例还可以至少部分地实现为包含在非暂时性计算机可读介质中或上的指令，其可以由一个或多个处理器读取和执行以实现在此描述的操作的执行。
系统存储器606可以包括采取一个或多个高速存储单元的形式的各种类型的计算机可读存储介质，例如只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、双倍数据速率DRAM(DDRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、静态RAM(SRAM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、可擦除可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)、闪存、诸如铁电聚合物存储器之类的聚合物存储器、奥式存储器、相变或铁电存储器、硅-氧化物-氮-氧化物-硅(SONOS)存储器、磁卡或光卡、诸如独立磁盘冗余阵列(RAID)之类的设备阵列的驱动器、固态存储器设备(例如，USB存储器、固态驱动器(SSD))和适合于存储信息的任何其他类型的存储介质。在图6所示的图示实施例中，系统存储器606可以包括非易失性存储器610和/或易失性存储器612。基本输入/输出系统(BIOS)可被存储在非易失性存储器610中。
计算机602可以包括采取一个或多个低速存储单元的形式的各种类型的计算机可读存储介质，其中包括内部(或外部)硬盘驱动器(HDD)614、用于对可移动磁盘618执行读写操作的磁软盘驱动器(FDD)616，以及用于对可移动光盘622(例如CD-ROM或DVD)执行读写操作的光盘驱动器620。HDD 614、FDD 616和光盘驱动器620可以分别通过HDD接口624、FDD接口626和光盘驱动器接口628连接到系统总线608。用于外部驱动器实现的HDD接口624可以包括通用串行总线(USB)和IEEE 1394接口技术中的至少一种或全部两种。
驱动器和相关联的计算机可读介质提供数据、数据结构、计算机可执行指令等的易失性和/或非易失性存储。例如，多个程序模块可以存储在驱动器和存储器单元610、612中，其中包括操作系统630、一个或多个应用632、其他程序模块634和程序数据636。在一个实施例中，一个或多个应用632、其他程序模块634和程序数据636例如可以包括系统700的各种应用和/或组件。
用户可以通过一个或多个有线/无线输入设备(例如，键盘638和诸如鼠标640之类的指点设备)将命令和信息输入计算机602。其他输入设备可以包括麦克风、红外线(IR)遥控器、射频(RF)遥控器、游戏手柄、触控笔、读卡器、加密狗、指纹读取器、手套、图形输入板、操纵杆、键盘、视网膜读取器、触摸屏(例如，电容式、电阻式等)、轨迹球、轨迹板、传感器、触控笔等。这些和其他输入设备通常通过耦合到系统总线608的输入设备接口642连接到处理单元604，但可以通过其他接口连接，例如并行端口、IEEE 1394串行端口、游戏端口、USB端口、IR接口等。
监视器644或其他类型的显示设备也经由接口(例如视频适配器646)连接到系统总线608。监视器644可以在计算机602的内部或外部。除了监视器644之外，计算机通常包括其他外围输出设备，例如扬声器、打印机等。
计算机602可以使用经由有线和/或无线通信到一个或多个远程计算机(例如远程计算机648)的逻辑连接在网络环境中操作。远程计算机648可以是工作站、服务器计算机、路由器、个人计算机、便携式计算机、基于微处理器的娱乐设备、对等设备或其他常见网络节点，并且通常包括许多或全部关于计算机602描述的元件，尽管为了简洁起见，仅示出了存储器/存储设备650。所描绘的逻辑连接包括到局域网(LAN)652和/或更大的网络，例如广域网(WAN)654的有线/无线连接。这种LAN和WAN网络环境在办公室和公司中很常见，并且促进企业范围的计算机网络，例如内联网，所有这些网络都可以连接到全球通信网络，例如因特网。
当在LAN网络环境中使用时，计算机602通过有线和/或无线通信网络接口或适配器656连接到LAN 652。适配器656可以促进到LAN 652的有线和/或无线通信，LAN 652还可以包括设置在其上的无线接入点，用于与适配器656的无线功能进行通信。
当在WAN网络环境中使用时，计算机602可以包括调制解调器658，或者连接到WAN654上的通信服务器或者具有用于在WAN 654上建立通信的其他手段，例如通过因特网。调制解调器658可以是内部或外部的有线和/或无线设备，其经由输入设备接口642连接到系统总线608。在网络环境中，关于计算机602示出的程序模块或其一部分可以存储在远程存储器/存储设备650中。应当理解，所示的网络连接是示例性的，可以使用在计算机之间建立通信链路的其他手段。
计算机602可操作地与使用IEEE 602系列标准的有线和无线设备或实体进行通信，例如可操作地设置在无线通信(例如，IEEE 602.11空中调制技术)中的无线设备。这至少包括Wi-Fi(或无线保真)、WiMax和蓝牙TM无线技术等。因此，通信可以是与传统网络一样的预定义结构，或者只是至少两个设备之间的自组织通信。Wi-Fi网络使用称为IEEE602.118(a、b、g、n等)的无线电技术来提供安全、可靠、快速的无线连接。Wi-Fi网络可用于将计算机相互连接、连接到因特网以及连接到有线网络(使用IEEE 602.3相关媒体和功能)。
先前参考图1至图7所述的设备的各种元件可以包括各种硬件元素、软件元素或两者的组合。硬件元素的示例可以包括设备、逻辑设备、组件、处理器、微处理器、电路、处理器、电路元件(例如，晶体管、电阻器、电容器、电感器等)、集成电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、可编程逻辑器件(PLD)、数字信号处理器(DSP)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、存储单元、逻辑门、寄存器、半导体器件、芯片、微芯片、芯片组等。软件元素的示例可以包括软件组件、程序、应用、计算机程序、应用、系统程序、软件开发程序、机器程序、操作系统软件、中间件、固件、软件模块、例程、子例程、功能、方法、过程、软件接口、应用接口(API)、指令集、计算代码、计算机代码、代码段、计算机代码段、字、值、符号或其任何组合。然而，确定是使用硬件元素和/或软件元素来实现实施例可以根据任何数量的因素而变化，例如期望的计算速率、功率水平、耐热性、处理周期预算、输入数据速率、输出数据速率、内存资源、数据总线速度和其他设计或性能限制，这些均根据给定实现的需要而定。
图7是示出适合于实施如前所述的各种实施例的示例性通信架构700的框图。通信架构700包括各种常见的通信元件，例如发射器、接收器、收发器、无线电、网络接口、基带处理器、天线、放大器、滤波器、电源等等。然而，实施例不限于由可以与系统100一致的通信架构700实现。
如图7所示，通信架构700包括一个或多个客户端702和服务器704。服务器704可以实现图1A和图1B的一个或多个设备。客户端702和服务器704可操作地连接到一个或多个相应的客户端数据存储库706和服务器数据存储库710，这些客户端数据存储库706和服务器数据存储库710可用于存储位于相应客户端702和服务器704本地的信息，例如cookies和/或相关联的上下文信息。
客户端702和服务器704可以使用通信框架710在彼此之间传送信息。通信框架710可以实现任何公知的通信技术和协议。通信框架710可以被实现为分组交换网络(例如，诸如因特网的公共网络、诸如企业内联网的专用网络等)、电路交换网络(例如，公共交换电话网络)，或分组交换网络和电路交换网络的组合(具有合适的网关和转换器)。
通信框架710可以实现被布置为接受、连通和连接到通信网络的各种网络接口。网络接口可以被视为一种特殊形式的输入/输出(I/O)接口。网络接口可以采用连接协议，其中包括但不限于直接连接、以太网(例如，粗、细、双绞线10/100/1000Base T等)、令牌环、无线网络接口、蜂窝网络接口、IEEE 702.7ax网络接口、IEEE 702.16网络接口、IEEE 702.20网络接口等。此外，多个网络接口可用于与各种通信网络类型接合。例如，可以采用多个网络接口以允许通过广播、多播和单播网络进行通信。如果处理要求决定更高的速度和容量，则分布式网络控制器架构可以类似地用于池化、负载平衡，以及以其他方式增加客户端702和服务器704所需的通信带宽。通信网络可以是任何一个和组合的有线和/或无线网络，其中包括但不限于直接互连、安全定制连接、专用网络(例如企业内联网)、公共网络(例如因特网)、个域网(PAN)、局域网(LAN)、城域网(MAN)、作为互联网节点执行任务(OMNI)、广域网(WAN)、无线网络、蜂窝网络和其他通信网络。
可以使用分立电路、专用集成电路(ASIC)、逻辑门和/或单芯片架构的任何组合来实现上述设备的组件和特征。此外，在适当的情况下，可以使用微控制器、可编程逻辑阵列和/或微处理器或前述的任何组合来实现设备的特征。请注意，硬件、固件和/或软件元素在此可以统称为或单独地称为“逻辑”或“电路”。

Claims (10)

1.一种装置，包括：
在用于蜂窝通信的第一频率范围内通信的收发器；
与所述收发器耦合的电路，所述电路用于：
响应于用于蜂窝通信的所述第一频率范围内的发送而检测谐振信号，所述谐振信号指示非接触式卡的存在；以及
基于所述谐振信号的检测启用近场通信设备，所述近场通信设备在第二频率范围内与所述非接触式卡通信，其中所述第一频率范围不同于所述第二频率范围。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括与所述电路耦合的所述近场通信设备，所述近场通信设备用于：
激励所述非接触式卡的另一近场通信设备；以及
与所述另一近场通信设备通信。
3.根据权利要求2所述的装置，所述电路发送信号以使所述近场通信设备退出较低功率状态并进入较高功率状态以启用所述近场通信设备，所述近场通信设备在所述较高功率状态下与所述另一近场通信设备通信。
4.根据权利要求2所述的装置，所述电路发送信号以启用使所述近场通信设备与所述另一近场通信设备通信的电力。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装置，所述电路基于与所述收发器耦合的放大器上的负载检测所述谐振信号。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，所述第一频率范围包括700兆赫兹(MHz)、800MHz频率范围、850MHz频率范围、1700MHz频率范围、1900MHz频率范围、2100MHz频率范围、2300MHz频率范围、2500MHz频率范围和2600MHz频率范围之一，并且所述第二频率范围包括13.56MHz频率范围。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其中响应于所述非接触式卡的谐振电路响应于所述收发器在所述第一频率范围内通信而振荡，由所述电路检测所述谐振信号。
8.根据权利要求1所述的装置，包括具有显示器、所述收发器、所述电路和所述近场通信设备的外壳。
9.一种计算机实现的方法，包括：
在蜂窝通信频率范围内通信；
响应于用于蜂窝通信的所述蜂窝通信频率范围内的所述通信而检测谐振信号，所述谐振信号指示非接触式卡的存在；以及
基于所述谐振信号的检测启用近场通信设备以向所述非接触式卡发送通信，所述近场通信设备在近场通信频率范围内与所述非接触式卡通信。
10.一种非接触式卡，包括：
近场通信设备，其可操作地在近场通信范围内通信；以及
响应于蜂窝频率范围内的通信的谐振电路，所述谐振电路响应于所述蜂窝频率范围内的通信而振荡，并且其中所述近场通信设备基于所述谐振电路的振荡接收激励信号并与一设备的另一近场通信设备通信。
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US20200274579A1 (en) 2020-08-27
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US11742894B2 (en) 2023-08-29
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