CN117391716A - Nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method and system - Google Patents
Nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN117391716A CN117391716A CN202311172992.1A CN202311172992A CN117391716A CN 117391716 A CN117391716 A CN 117391716A CN 202311172992 A CN202311172992 A CN 202311172992A CN 117391716 A CN117391716 A CN 117391716A
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002915 spent fuel radioactive waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/018—Certifying business or products
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/10—Services
- G06Q50/26—Government or public services
Abstract
The invention relates to a nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method and a nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step 1, determining a system boundary of carbon emission according to a full life cycle of a nuclear power product; step 2, in the system boundary, dividing the carbon emission accounting into uranium mining and smelting, uranium conversion concentration, fuel element manufacturing, nuclear power plant construction, nuclear power plant operation, spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal stages; step 3, determining a direct carbon emission source and an indirect carbon emission source of each stage according to the production process of each stage; step 4, determining the type of the carbon emission accounting gas, the carbon emission factor and the carbon emission accounting method in each stage, and constructing a carbon emission accounting model; and 5, constructing a nuclear power product carbon emission accounting system, and carrying out carbon emission accounting according to the activity data. The method and the system can be used for efficiently establishing the carbon emission source investigation method of the nuclear power product, and the scientificity and the effectiveness of the nuclear power product carbon emission accounting result are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy emission, and particularly relates to a nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method and system.
Background
Compared with the traditional thermal power generation, the nuclear power generation does not directly consume carbon-based fuel and generate atmospheric pollutants, is zero emission in the operation power generation stage, but can generate greenhouse gas emission in the stages of nuclear fuel exploitation, extraction, conversion and processing, equipment production, nuclear power station construction and the like from the whole life cycle.
The nuclear power full life cycle carbon emission accounting results issued by each research institution and scholars are quite different. Because of the lack of unified specifications of accounting boundaries, accounting methods, carbon emission factors, etc., the comparability between different accounting results is relatively poor. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a life cycle evaluation method, calculate the resource energy consumption and the greenhouse gas emission based on the production process link of the nuclear power product, establish a unified and standard carbon emission accounting system, and scientifically demonstrate the low carbon attribute of nuclear energy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method and system. The method and the system can be used for efficiently establishing the carbon emission source investigation method of the nuclear power product, and improving the scientificity and the effectiveness of the nuclear power product carbon emission accounting result.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a system boundary of carbon emission according to a full life cycle of a nuclear power product;
step 2, in the system boundary, dividing the carbon emission accounting into uranium mining and smelting, uranium conversion concentration, fuel element manufacturing, nuclear power plant construction, nuclear power plant operation, spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal stages;
step 3, determining a direct carbon emission source and an indirect carbon emission source of each stage according to the production process of each stage;
step 4, determining the type of the carbon emission accounting gas, the carbon emission factor and the carbon emission accounting method in each stage, and constructing a carbon emission accounting model;
and 5, constructing a nuclear power product carbon emission accounting system, and carrying out carbon emission accounting according to the activity data.
Further, in step 1, the full life cycle of the nuclear power product includes: uranium mining and smelting, uranium conversion concentration, fuel element manufacturing, nuclear power station construction, nuclear power station operation, nuclear power product transportation, spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal; the system boundary of nuclear power product full life cycle carbon emission accounting starts from uranium mining and smelting, to nuclear power product production and export, and to nuclear power plant retired spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal.
Further, in step 3, according to the production process of each stage, it is determined that the carbon emissions of each stage of uranium mining and smelting, uranium conversion and concentration, fuel element manufacturing, nuclear power plant construction, nuclear power plant operation, spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal mainly relate to indirect greenhouse gas emissions generated by material consumption (such as cement, carbon steel, stainless steel, nonferrous metals and chemicals) and equipment consumption, and direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions generated by energy consumption (such as electricity and coal). According to the principle of counting main factors and neglecting secondary factors, the life cycle of the nuclear power product relates to fuel, equipment and product transportation, but the whole contribution of the related process to the carbon emission of the nuclear power product is small and is neglected.
Further, in step 4, the carbon emission accounting gas category is not limited to CO 2 Mainly involving CO 2 、CH 4 And N 2 O and SF 6 Discharge amount. The method specifically comprises the following steps: the material consumption in the construction stage relates to the accounting of CO for cement 2 、CH 4 And N 2 O emission, CO accounting during spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal stage 2 And CH (CH) 4 Emission, CO is needed to be calculated by purchasing electric power and heat generated emission in operation stage of nuclear power station 2 And SF (sulfur hexafluoride) 6 Discharge amount. Different greenhouse gas categories perform carbon dioxide equivalent (CO) according to their Global Warming Potential (GWP) over a 100 year period 2 Eq) represents.
And 4, accounting the carbon emission of the life cycle of the nuclear power product by adopting an emission factor method and an actual measurement method.
Furthermore, the emission factor method adopts a normalized emission standard analysis model, and the calculation result is normalized to unit generating capacity, namely, the greenhouse gas emitted by the unit kWh electric quantity is produced, and the unit is gCO 2 ,eq/(kWh)；
Wherein: TE represents the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions; ADp represents the p-th energy activity level in the q-th phase; EFe represents the corresponding energy emission factor; DEi represents emissions caused by the j-th class of materials/components, etc. in the i-th stage;
for carbon dioxide emissions generated by purchasing electricity, the electricity consumption is multiplied by the grid emission factor to obtain the electricity consumption, and the electricity consumption is calculated by adopting the following formula:
E electric power ＝AD Electric power ×EF Electric power
Wherein: e (E) Electric power The amount of emissions generated for purchasing usage electricity; AD (analog to digital) converter Electric power To purchase the electricity consumption, EF Electric power Is a grid emission factor.
Further, in step 5, from the availability of data, activity data is acquired.
In addition, the invention also provides a nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting system adopting the method, which comprises a carbon emission accounting system interface, a data memory and a processor, wherein the carbon emission accounting system interface is used for accounting carbon emission in each stage and all stages of a nuclear power life cycle, the data memory is used for storing variables and intermediate results of carbon emission accounting, and the processor is used for accounting carbon emission and analyzing the accounting results.
Further, the carbon emission accounting system interface comprises the following modules:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring, sampling and inquiring carbon emission data of basic energy used in each stage of the life cycle of the nuclear power product, and comprises energy variety types, energy activity levels, activity factors and the like;
the carbon emission accounting module is used for summarizing carbon emission at each stage of the life cycle of the nuclear power product, and accounting the total carbon emission by adopting a built-in carbon emission accounting formula;
the carbon emission analysis module is used for analyzing carbon emission collection data, carbon emission accounting data of the life cycle of the nuclear power product and the like of each stage, and comprises trend analysis, accumulated emission analysis, emission prediction analysis, emission early warning analysis and the like.
The invention has the following effects: by adopting the method and the system provided by the invention, the carbon emission source investigation method of the nuclear power product can be established efficiently, and the scientificity and the effectiveness of the nuclear power product carbon emission accounting result are improved. Specifically, the method comprises the following two remarkable technical effects: (1) The nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method provided by the invention can solve the problem that a nuclear power product full life cycle carbon emission metering model does not exist in the prior art; (2) When the carbon emission accounting calculation method provided by the invention is used, the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the processes of raw materials, transportation, processing, use, treatment and the like of the nuclear power product is considered, and the carbon emission source investigation method based on the nuclear power product is established.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a full life cycle schematic of a nuclear power product in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method includes the following steps:
the nuclear power product lifecycle carbon emission accounting is specifically described from the two perspectives of availability of data and calculability of carbon emissions.
Step S1, determining a system boundary of carbon emission accounting according to a full life cycle of a nuclear power product, and starting uranium mining and smelting until the nuclear power product is produced and transported outwards, and until retired spent fuel in a nuclear power plant is post-treated and waste is disposed.
Step S2, dividing the total life cycle carbon emission accounting stage of the nuclear power product into: uranium mining and smelting, uranium conversion concentration, fuel element manufacturing, nuclear power plant construction, nuclear power plant operation, spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal.
Step S3, determining that the greenhouse gas emission of the whole life cycle of the nuclear power product mainly relates to direct or indirect greenhouse gas emission generated by material consumption (such as cement, carbon steel, stainless steel, nonferrous metals and chemicals) and energy consumption (such as electricity and coal) according to the production process of each stage, and refining the material and energy consumption list of the whole life cycle of the nuclear power product.
Various kinds of facilities in construction process of uranium mining metallurgy, uranium conversion concentration, fuel element manufacturing, nuclear power plant, spent fuel post-treatment plant and the likeThe greenhouse gas emission of the building materials in the manufacturing process is mainly cement, carbon steel, copper, stainless steel (alloy steel) and the like. The life cycle carbon emission factors of materials such as steel, stainless steel, cement and the like comprise emissions in the production process and emissions in the upstream processes such as the raw material exploitation stage and the like. The material consumption in the construction stage relates to the accounting of CO for cement 2 、CH 4 And N 2 O emissions.
In step S3, direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions generated by energy consumption of the facility operation in each stage are accounted for, and the life cycle carbon emission factor of the fuel includes its direct emissions (of the fuel itself) and upstream emissions (related to indirect emissions caused by utilization of other terminal energy sources in each link). Accounting CO for electricity and heat generated emission during operation stage of nuclear power station 2 And SF (sulfur hexafluoride) 6 Discharge amount. Accounting for CO during exhaust of spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal stages 2 And CH (CH) 4 Discharge amount.
And S4, accounting the carbon emission of the life cycle of the nuclear power product by adopting an emission factor method and an actual measurement method. The emission factor method adopts a normalized emission standard analysis model, and the calculation result is normalized to unit generating capacity, namely, greenhouse gas emitted by unit kWh electric quantity is produced, and the unit is gCO 2 ,eq/(kWh)。
Wherein: TE represents the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions; ADp represents the p-th energy activity level in the q-th phase; EFe represents the corresponding energy emission factor; DEi represents emissions caused by the j-th class (material/component, etc.) in the i-th stage.
For carbon dioxide emissions generated by purchasing electricity, the electricity consumption is multiplied by the grid emission factor to obtain the electricity consumption, and the electricity consumption is calculated by adopting the following formula:
E electric power ＝AD Electric power ×EF Electric power
Wherein: e (E) Electric power For purchasing the emissions generated using electricity, the unit is ton of carbon dioxide (tCO 2 )；AD Electric power For purchasing electricity, the unit is megawatt hour (MWh)；EF Electric power Is the grid emission factor in tons of carbon dioxide/megawatt-hour (tCO) 2 /MWh)。
Setting the nuclear power product accounting period to be one year, setting the running period of facilities such as a nuclear power plant, a uranium mining smelting plant, a spent fuel post-treatment plant and the like to be longer, carrying out annual conversion on the carbon emission according to the running period, and establishing a carbon emission amount calculation model taking one year as the accounting period.
And S5, constructing a nuclear power product carbon emission accounting system, and carrying out carbon emission accounting according to the activity data.
And (3) according to activity data such as material consumption (such as cement, carbon steel, stainless steel, nonferrous metals and chemicals) and energy consumption (such as electricity and coal) of each stage of production process link in the step (S3), adopting a carbon emission accounting formula in the step (S4) to account carbon emission in each stage, and summarizing to obtain nuclear power life cycle carbon emission.
In this embodiment, a nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting system adopting the foregoing method is also provided, where the system includes a carbon emission accounting system interface, a data memory, and a processor, where the carbon emission accounting system interface is used to account carbon emissions in each and all stages of a nuclear power life cycle, the data memory is used to store variables and intermediate results of carbon emission accounting, and the processor is used to account carbon emission and analyze the accounting results.
The carbon emission accounting system interface comprises the following modules:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring, sampling and inquiring carbon emission data of basic energy used in each stage of the life cycle of the nuclear power product, and comprises energy variety types, energy activity levels, activity factors and the like;
the carbon emission accounting module is used for summarizing carbon emission at each stage of the life cycle of the nuclear power product, and accounting the total carbon emission by adopting a built-in carbon emission accounting formula;
the carbon emission analysis module is used for analyzing carbon emission collection data, carbon emission accounting data of the life cycle of the nuclear power product and the like of each stage, and comprises trend analysis, accumulated emission analysis, emission prediction analysis, emission early warning analysis and the like.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the methods of the present invention are not limited to the examples described in the detailed description, which are provided for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Other embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art from a consideration of the specification and practice of the invention as claimed and as claimed in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a system boundary of carbon emission according to a full life cycle of a nuclear power product;
step 2, in the system boundary, dividing the carbon emission accounting into uranium mining and smelting, uranium conversion concentration, fuel element manufacturing, nuclear power plant construction, nuclear power plant operation, spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal stages;
step 3, determining a direct carbon emission source and an indirect carbon emission source of each stage according to the production process of each stage;
step 4, determining the type of the carbon emission accounting gas, the carbon emission factor and the carbon emission accounting method in each stage, and constructing a carbon emission accounting model;
and 5, constructing a nuclear power product carbon emission accounting system, and carrying out carbon emission accounting according to the activity data.
2. The method for calculating the carbon emission amount based on the nuclear power product according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the full life cycle of the nuclear power product comprises the following steps: uranium mining and smelting, uranium conversion concentration, fuel element manufacturing, nuclear power plant construction, nuclear power plant operation, nuclear power product transportation, spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal.
3. The method for accounting carbon emission based on nuclear power products of claim 1, wherein in step 3, according to the production process of each stage, the carbon emission of each stage of uranium mining and smelting, uranium conversion and concentration, fuel element manufacturing, nuclear power plant construction, nuclear power plant operation, spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal is determined mainly related to indirect greenhouse gas emission generated by material consumption and equipment consumption, and direct or indirect greenhouse gas emission generated by energy consumption.
4. The method for accounting carbon emission amount based on nuclear power product as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4, the carbon emission accounting gas is CO 2 、CH 4 And N 2 O and SF 6 Discharge amount.
5. The nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the material consumption in the construction stage involves accounting CO for cement 2 、CH 4 And N 2 O emission, CO accounting during spent fuel post-treatment and waste disposal stage 2 And CH (CH) 4 Emission, CO is needed to be calculated by purchasing electric power and heat generated emission in operation stage of nuclear power station 2 And SF (sulfur hexafluoride) 6 Discharge amount.
6. A nuclear power product based carbon emissions accounting method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the different greenhouse gas categories are expressed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent according to their global warming potential over a 100 year period.
7. The nuclear power product-based carbon emission verification method as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step 4, the nuclear power product life cycle carbon emission is verified by adopting an emission factor method and an actual measurement method, the emission factor method adopts a normalized emission standard analysis model, and the computing result is normalized to unit power generation amount, namely, greenhouse gas emitted by unit kWh electric quantity is produced, and the unit is gCO 2 ,eq/(kWh)；
Wherein: TE represents the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions; ADp represents the p-th energy activity level in the q-th phase; EFe represents the corresponding energy emission factor; DEi represents emissions caused by the j-th class of materials/components, etc. in the i-th stage;
for carbon dioxide emissions generated by purchasing electricity, the electricity consumption is multiplied by the grid emission factor to obtain the electricity consumption, and the electricity consumption is calculated by adopting the following formula:
E electric power ＝AD Electric power ×EF Electric power
Wherein: e (E) Electric power The amount of emissions generated for purchasing usage electricity; AD (analog to digital) converter Electric power To purchase the electricity consumption, EF Electric power Is a grid emission factor.
8. The method for accounting carbon emission amount of nuclear power product according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, activity data is obtained from availability of data.
9. A nuclear power product-based carbon emission accounting system adopting the method as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 8 is characterized by comprising a carbon emission accounting system interface, a data storage and a processor, wherein the carbon emission accounting system interface is used for accounting carbon emission in each stage and all stages of a nuclear power life cycle, the data storage is used for storing variables and intermediate results of carbon emission accounting, and the processor is used for accounting carbon emission and analyzing the accounting results.
10. The nuclear power product based carbon emissions accounting system of claim 9, wherein the carbon emissions accounting system interface comprises the following modules:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring, sampling and inquiring carbon emission data of basic energy used in each stage of the life cycle of the nuclear power product, and comprises energy variety types, energy activity levels, activity factors and the like;
the carbon emission accounting module is used for summarizing carbon emission at each stage of the life cycle of the nuclear power product, and accounting the total carbon emission by adopting a built-in carbon emission accounting formula;
the carbon emission analysis module is used for analyzing carbon emission collection data, carbon emission accounting data of the life cycle of the nuclear power product and the like of each stage, and comprises trend analysis, accumulated emission analysis, emission prediction analysis, emission early warning analysis and the like.
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