CN117384345A - Water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117384345A CN117384345A CN202311703355.2A CN202311703355A CN117384345A CN 117384345 A CN117384345 A CN 117384345A CN 202311703355 A CN202311703355 A CN 202311703355A CN 117384345 A CN117384345 A CN 117384345A
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- component
- water
- polyurethane foam
- polyether polyol
- catalyst
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- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 89
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007151 ring opening polymerisation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 3
- NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium ion Chemical compound [K+] NPYPAHLBTDXSSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NSPSPMKCKIPQBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth;7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound [Bi+3].CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)(C)CCCCCC([O-])=O NSPSPMKCKIPQBH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008118 PEG 6000 Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002584 Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- UQOQXWZPXFPRBR-UHFFFAOYSA-K bismuth dodecanoate Chemical compound [Bi+3].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UQOQXWZPXFPRBR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNTDZUDTQCZFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc 2,2-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound [Zn++].CCCCCCC(C)(C)C([O-])=O.CCCCCCC(C)(C)C([O-])=O VNTDZUDTQCZFKN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ADJMNWKZSCQHPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;6-methylheptanoate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC(C)CCCCC([O-])=O.CC(C)CCCCC([O-])=O ADJMNWKZSCQHPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-heptanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCC(O)=O OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 acrylic polyol Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012661 block copolymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008387 emulsifying waxe Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002439 hemostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- SXWZSWLBMCNOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;6-methylheptanoate Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)CCCCC([O-])=O SXWZSWLBMCNOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-ylpropane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CC(O)CN1CCOCC1 WSFQLUVWDKCYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
- C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of polyurethane, and particularly relates to a water-swelling polyurethane foam and a preparation method thereof. The water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam is prepared by reacting a component A and a component B according to the mass ratio of (1-5): 1; the component A consists of the following raw materials: pure water, foam stabilizer, catalyst and emulsifier; wherein the emulsifier is polyether polyol X with a number average molecular weight of 5000-6000 g/mol and the functionality is 2; the component B is a prepolymer prepared by reacting more than one polyether polyol Y with toluene diisocyanate, the functionality of the polyether polyol Y is 2-3, and the number average molecular weight is 2000-10000 g/mol. According to the invention, by designing the molecular structure of the polyether polyol, the polyurethane foam with excellent mechanical properties can be obtained without using chain extension, a cross-linking agent and a hydrophilic auxiliary agent, the water absorption rate can reach more than 30 times, and the skin is comfortable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polyurethane, and particularly relates to water-swelling polyurethane foam and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Polyurethane has excellent tissue and blood compatibility, no toxicity, no antigenicity and stable performance, and is widely used in the medical field. However, the conventional polyurethane is a hydrophobic material, and the soft foam has poor hydrophilicity and has certain limitation in use as a medical material. The water-absorbing expanded polyurethane foam with strong hydrophilicity is one of research hot spots in future development because of the characteristics of softness, light weight, multiple pores, water absorption, large specific surface area and the like, and the application of the water-absorbing expanded polyurethane foam in medicine such as cavity filling, hemostatic dressing, drug loading, tissue engineering scaffold, repair and regeneration of various tissues and internal organs and the like.
Polyethylene glycol has good hydrophilicity, shows excellent biocompatibility when contacting with organisms, is dissolved in tissue fluid of the organisms, is metabolized by the organisms and is discharged from the body, and no toxic or side effect is generated. When the polyurethane foam is introduced into a polyurethane chain segment by utilizing the reactivity of hydroxyl at the end of polyethylene glycol molecules, the polyethylene glycol can endow the polyurethane foam with excellent characteristics, so that the polyurethane foam with good hydrophilicity and biosafety is obtained. However, the conventional polyethylene glycol is generally polymerized from ethylene glycol and ethylene oxide under KOH catalysis, when the number average molecular weight exceeds 600g/mol, the viscosity is increased sharply along with the increase of the molecular weight, the polyethylene glycol is crystallized into solid at room temperature, the use is inconvenient, the step of removing potassium is not needed in the conventional process due to the large viscosity, the potassium ion content of the product is high, and the gel polymerization kettle is extremely easy to cause due to the over high activity when the prepolymer is synthesized, so the polyethylene glycol has great limitation in the field of prepolymer synthesis.
Chinese patent CN116178670B discloses a water-swelling polyurethane foam and a preparation method thereof. The water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam is prepared from a component A and a component B according to the mass ratio of 100 (55-60); wherein the component A is as follows: 85-90 parts of foaming agent, 0.5-1 part of antibacterial agent, 2-5 parts of cross-linking agent, 4-8 parts of emulsifying wax and 2-5 parts of pore opening agent; the component B is as follows: 50-60 parts of hydrophilic polyether polyol A, 3-8 parts of chain extender polyether B and 35-45 parts of toluene diisocyanate. The purposes of good rebound resilience in water and good water absorption and water retention are achieved by utilizing the synergistic hydrophilic effect of ether bond, carboxyl and sulfonate, but the water absorption is lower than 500%.
Chinese patent CN112080034a discloses an expandable composite foam and a method for preparing the same. The foam is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of high polymer aqueous solution, 30-60 parts of waterborne polyurethane and 1-3 parts of defoamer. The preparation method comprises the steps of macromolecule water solution preparation, aqueous polyurethane synthesis, composite water solution preparation, freeze drying, wetting shaping, drying and the like. The method discloses expansion rate, but does not define water absorption rate, and the process is complex.
Chinese patent CN113289045A discloses a new preparation method of super-hydrophilic medical polyurethane foam dressing, and the prepared polyurethane foam dressing utilizes the combined action of hydrophilicity of acrylic polyol difunctional carboxyl and hydroxyl to ensure that the water absorption rate of polyurethane foam reaches more than 30 g/g. The method is mainly to increase the water absorption by adding a hydrophilic modifier, and the type of polyether polyol used is not clear.
Chinese patent CN108355162A discloses an antibacterial hydrophilic polyurethane foam medical dressing, which is prepared by mixing and foaming a component A and a component B according to a mass ratio of 0.5:1-3:1. The component A is an isocyanate-terminated hydrophilic prepolymer prepared by reacting polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 600-3000, glycerol and TDI, and the component B is a functional foaming mixture prepared by mixing 1% -10% of surfactant, 0.9% -10% of foam stabilizer, 0.1% -10% of cationic polymer antibacterial agent and 70% -98% of water. However, the conventional polyethylene glycol is solid at normal temperature and has high potassium ion content, and the added glycerol is a small molecular substance, so that the activity is too high when the prepolymer is synthesized, and the gel polymerization kettle is very easy.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam which can have excellent mechanical properties without using chain extension and crosslinking agents; the polyurethane foam with high water absorption and high expansion rate can be obtained only through the structural design of polyether polyol and the design of foaming component formula and process without adding hydrophilic substances or introducing special hydrophilic groups;
the invention further aims at providing a preparation method of the water-swelling polyurethane foam, which is simple in process, scientific and reasonable and efficient in production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam is prepared by reacting a component A and a component B according to the mass ratio of (1-5): 1;
the component A consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of pure water, 3-8 parts of foam stabilizer, 0.2-0.8 part of catalyst and 1-5 parts of emulsifier;
the component B is an isocyanate end-capped prepolymer prepared by reacting more than one polyether polyol with toluene diisocyanate, the functionality of the prepolymer is 2-2.5, and the-NCO content is 5-15 wt%.
The emulsifier in the component A is polyether polyol X, the functionality is 2, the number average molecular weight is 5000-6000 g/mol, and the EO content is 50-80 wt.%; the starter of the polyether polyol X is a 2-functional micromolecular starter or 2-functional polyether, and the catalyst is one or more of KOH, phosphazene catalyst or DMC; the 2-functional small molecular initiator is one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol, and the 2-functional polyether is prepared by ring-opening polymerization of the 2-functional small molecular initiator and one or more of PO or EO, and the number average molecular weight is 400-1000 g/mol.
The polyether polyol in the component B is polyether polyol Y, the functionality is 2-3, the number average molecular weight is 2000-10000 g/mol, and the EO content is 50-80 wt.%; the initiator of the polyether polyol Y is a 2-3 functional micromolecular initiator or 2-3 functional polyether, the catalyst is one or more of KOH, phosphazene catalyst or DMC, and the polymerization mode is PO/EO random copolymerization or block copolymerization; the 2-3 functional small molecular initiator is one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and trimethylolethane, and the 2-3 functional polyether is prepared by ring-opening polymerization of the 2-3 functional small molecular initiator and one or more of PO or EO, and the number average molecular weight is 400-1000 g/mol.
The preparation method of the polyether polyol X or the polyether polyol Y comprises the following steps: adding an initiator and one of KOH or phosphazene catalyst into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, mixing, replacing with nitrogen, heating to 110-130 ℃ until the oxygen content is less than 50ppm, vacuum dehydrating for 1-2h, continuously dropwise adding alkylene oxide at 115-140 ℃ for ring-opening polymerization, wherein the alkylene oxide is one or more of PO or EO, the PO polymerization temperature is 115-120 ℃, the EO or PO/EO copolymerization temperature is 120-140 ℃, continuing internal pressure reaction for 1-2h after the reaction is finished, vacuumizing to remove unreacted alkylene oxide monomers and small molecule byproducts, adding an acid regulator and water for neutralization, adding an adsorbent for adsorption, drying and filtering to obtain polyether polyol X or polyether polyol Y, wherein the prepared polyether polyol X or polyether polyol Y has less self-polymers, low viscosity, low crystallinity, good water solubility and strong hydrophilicity.
The preparation method of the polyether polyol X or the polyether polyol Y comprises the following steps: adding an initiator and a DMC catalyst into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, mixing, replacing nitrogen to ensure that the oxygen content in the kettle is less than 50ppm, dehydrating for 1-2 hours under the conditions of the temperature of 120-135 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.09 to-0.093 MPa to ensure that the water content is less than 0.02wt.%, adding a part of PO for induction reaction, continuously adding the rest alkylene oxide at the temperature of 135-145 ℃ for ring-opening polymerization reaction after activation reaction, wherein the alkylene oxide is more than one of PO or EO, continuing the internal pressure reaction for 1-1.5 hours after the reaction, and vacuumizing to remove unreacted residual monomers and small molecular oligomers to obtain polyether polyol X or polyether polyol Y.
The foam stabilizer in the component A is water-soluble silicone oil, and is preferably one or a mixture of more than one of DC5188, DC5810, DC5900, DC5901 or DC198 of the American air chemical industry product group.
The catalyst in the component A is a metal organic catalyst, preferably one or a mixture of more of bismuth isooctanoate, bismuth neodecanoate, bismuth naphthenate, bismuth laurate, zinc isooctanoate, zinc naphthenate, zinc neodecanoate or potassium isooctanoate.
The preparation method of the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) preparing a component A: under the condition of room temperature, adding pure water, foam stabilizer, catalyst and emulsifier into a reaction kettle, stirring for 30-40 min at the rotating speed of 30-40 r/min to obtain a component A;
(2) And (2) preparing a component B: placing more than one polyether polyol into a reaction kettle, heating to 120-130 ℃ for vacuum dehydration for 1-1.5 h, then cooling to 40-45 ℃, adding toluene diisocyanate at one time or in batches, heating to 80-90 ℃, reacting for 3-4 h while preserving heat, sampling and detecting, cooling and discharging when the-NCO content reaches 5-15 wt.%, and sealing and preserving to obtain a component B;
(3) When in use, the component A and the component B are quickly and evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of (1-5): 1, then poured into a mold, and opened after 4min, thus obtaining the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam.
In the step (2), the batch adding mode is as follows: firstly, adding 1/2 of the mole fraction of toluene diisocyanate, heating to 80-90 ℃ after adding, preserving heat for reaction for 3-4 hours, sampling and detecting, and adding the rest toluene diisocyanate when the-NCO content is 0 wt.%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) In the traditional preparation process of the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam, when the molecular weight of polyethylene glycol used exceeds 600g/mol, the viscosity is increased sharply along with the increase of the molecular weight, the polyethylene glycol is crystallized into solid at room temperature, the use is inconvenient, and the conventional polyethylene glycol does not remove potassium and potassium ions are used as metal catalysts to accelerate the reaction in the process of synthesizing the prepolymer, so that the gel polymerization kettle is extremely easy to cause, and the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam has extremely high limitation in the field of synthesizing the prepolymer, overcomes the defects, adopts high-molecular-weight high-activity polyether with 2-3 functions as a raw material, is liquid at normal temperature, has low potassium ion content, has moderate polymerization reaction activity in the process of synthesizing the prepolymer, has high operation latitude and is convenient to produce;
(2) The water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam provided by the invention overcomes the problems that the strength of the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam prepared by using 2-functional polyethylene glycol alone is lower, and a cross-linking agent is required to be added into the component A to improve the strength of the polyurethane foam in the foam formula design, and the polyurethane foam with excellent mechanical properties can be obtained by improving the molecular structure design of the main polyether polyol of the component B and the prepolymer synthesis process without using a chain extender or a cross-linking agent; the polyurethane foam with the water absorption rate of more than 30 times can be obtained by reasonable design of the main polyether structure and the formula process without adding a special hydrophilic auxiliary agent or introducing a special hydrophilic group, and is comfortable to skin;
(3) The preparation method of the water-swelling polyurethane foam has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation, scientific and reasonable production and high efficiency.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples, which are not intended to limit the practice of the invention.
The raw materials used in examples and comparative examples, if not specified, were conventional commercial raw materials, and the processes used in examples and comparative examples, if not specified, were conventional in the art.
Some of the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples are described below:
inonol C204, commercially available from new materials limited of norwegian, shandong (functionality 2, number average molecular weight 400 g/mol);
inonol C210, commercially available from new materials limited of norwegian, shandong (functionality 2, number average molecular weight 1000 g/mol);
inonol C310, commercially available from new materials limited of norwegian, shandong (functionality 3, number average molecular weight 1000 g/mol);
inovaol C280, available commercially from new material limited, eastern norwegian (functionality 2, number average molecular weight 8000g/mol, EO content 0 wt.%);
inonol F5631, commercially available from shandong monowiwei new materials limited (functionality 3, number average molecular weight 3000g/mol, EO content <40 wt.%);
donol PEG6000, commercially available from Shanghai university chemical company, inc. (functionality 2, number average molecular weight 6000g/mol, solid at room temperature);
alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate X-468, which is commercially available from Shenzhen XingRun New Material Co., ltd;
toluene diisocyanate: t-80, commercially available from Wanhua chemical group Co., ltd;
preparation of polyether Polyol-1: adding 51kg of diethylene glycol and 5kg of KOH into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, heating to 110 ℃ for dehydration for 1h after nitrogen replacement for 3 times, slowly dripping 450kg of PO and 2000kg of EO at 120 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction process to be less than 0.30MPa, continuing internal pressure reaction for 2h after the reaction is finished, vacuumizing to remove unreacted residual monomers, cooling to 85 ℃, sequentially adding 12.5kg of 70% phosphoric acid, 87kg of water and 2.5kg of magnesium silicate, and dehydrating and suction-filtering to obtain the target polyether Polyol-1;
preparation of polyether Polyol-2: adding 120kg INOVOL C204 and 0.05kg DMC catalyst into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, mixing, replacing with nitrogen to ensure that the oxygen content in the kettle is less than 50ppm, dehydrating for 1h under the conditions of 120 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.093 MPa, adding 18kg PO for initiating reaction, dropwise adding 680kg PO at 135 ℃ after the reaction activity is opened, continuing the internal pressure reaction for 0.5h, heating to 140 ℃ and dropwise adding 100kg PO and 900kg EO for polymerization, continuing the internal pressure reaction for 1.5h after the reaction is finished, and vacuumizing to remove unreacted propylene oxide monomer and micromolecular byproducts to obtain the target polyether Polyol-2;
preparation of polyether Polyol-3: adding 320kg INOVOL C310 and 1.7kg of phosphazene catalyst into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, heating to 110 ℃ for dehydration for 1h after nitrogen replacement for 3 times, slowly dropwise adding 665kg of PO and 1478kg of EO at 140 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction process to be less than 0.30MPa, continuing internal pressure reaction for 2h after the reaction is finished, vacuumizing to remove unreacted residual monomers, cooling to 85 ℃, sequentially adding 0.6kg of 70% phosphoric acid, 85kg of water and 2.5kg of magnesium silicate, dehydrating, and suction-filtering to obtain target polyether Polyol-3;
preparation of polyether Polyol-4: adding 171kg of propylene glycol, 33.5kg of trimethylolpropane and 4kg of KOH into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, heating to 130 ℃ for dehydration for 1h after nitrogen replacement for 3 times, slowly dripping 360kg of PO at 115 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction process to be less than 0.30MPa, continuing internal pressure reaction for 2h after the reaction is finished, slowly dripping 1435kg of EO at 130 ℃ and controlling the pressure in the reaction process to be less than 0.30MPa, continuing internal pressure reaction for 2h after the reaction is finished, vacuumizing to remove unreacted residual monomers, and obtaining an intermediate polyether polyol alpha with the hydroxyl value of 147.3mgKOH/g;
adding 320kg of intermediate polyether Polyol alpha, 1.24kg of phosphazene catalyst and 3.1kg of KOH into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, heating to 130 ℃ for dehydration for 1h after nitrogen replacement for 3 times, slowly dropwise adding 406kg of PO at 120 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction process to be less than 0.30MPa, continuing internal pressure reaction for 2h after the reaction is finished, heating to 130 ℃ for slowly dropwise adding 1754kg of EO, controlling the pressure in the reaction process to be less than 0.30MPa, continuing internal pressure reaction for 2h after the reaction is finished, vacuumizing to remove unreacted residual monomers, cooling to 85 ℃, sequentially adding 2.2kg of 70% phosphoric acid, 87kg of water and 2.5kg of magnesium silicate, and dehydrating and suction-filtering to obtain the target polyether Polyol-4;
preparation of polyether Polyol-5: adding 62kg of ethylene glycol, 23kg of glycerol and 6.3kg of KOH into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, heating to 120 ℃ for dehydration for 1h after nitrogen replacement for 3 times, slowly dripping 543kg of PO at 115 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction process to be less than 0.30MPa, continuing internal pressure reaction for 1h after the reaction is finished, heating to 130 ℃ for slowly dripping 1884kg of EO, controlling the pressure in the reaction process to be less than 0.30MPa, continuing internal pressure reaction for 2h after the reaction is finished, vacuumizing to remove unreacted residual monomers, cooling to 85 ℃, sequentially adding 15.7kg of 70% phosphoric acid, 88kg of water and 2.5kg of magnesium silicate, and dehydrating and filtering to obtain the target polyether Polyol-5;
preparation of polyether Polyol-6: adding 187.5kg of triethylene glycol, 150kg of trimethylolethane and 5kg of KOH into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, heating to 125 ℃ for dehydration for 1h after nitrogen replacement for 3 times, slowly dropwise adding 662.5kg of PO and 1000kg of EO at 125 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction process to be less than 0.30MPa, continuing internal pressure reaction for 2h after the reaction is finished, vacuumizing to remove unreacted residual monomers, cooling to 85 ℃, sequentially adding 12.5kg of 70% phosphoric acid, 70kg of water and 2.0kg of magnesium silicate, dehydrating, and carrying out suction filtration to obtain polyether polyol beta with a hydroxyl value of 176.1mgKOH/g;
adding 190kg of polyether Polyol beta and 0.10kg of DMC catalyst into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, mixing, replacing nitrogen to ensure that the oxygen content in the kettle is less than 50ppm, dehydrating for 1h under the conditions of the temperature of 135 ℃ and the vacuum degree of-0.09 MPa, adding 28kg of PO to initiate reaction, dropwise adding 1084kg of PO and 1113kg of EO at the temperature of 145 ℃ after the reaction activity is opened to perform polymerization reaction, continuing the internal pressure reaction for 1.5h after the reaction is finished, and vacuumizing to remove unreacted propylene oxide monomer and micromolecular byproducts to obtain the target polyether Polyol-6;
preparation of polyether Polyol-7: adding 12.4kg of ethylene glycol, 30kg of triethylene glycol and 1.6kg of phosphazene catalyst into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, heating to 110 ℃ for dehydration for 1h after nitrogen replacement is performed for 3 times, slowly dropwise adding 765kg of PO and 1443kg of EO at 130 ℃, controlling the pressure in the reaction process to be less than 0.30MPa, continuing internal pressure reaction for 2h after the reaction is finished, vacuumizing to remove unreacted residual monomers, cooling to 85 ℃, sequentially adding 0.5kg of 70% phosphoric acid, 78kg of water and 2.2kg of magnesium silicate, and dehydrating and suction-filtering to obtain the target polyether Polyol-7;
preparation of polyether Polyol-8: 18kg of 1, 4-butanediol, 200kg INOVOL C210, 2.2kg of KOH and 0.9kg of phosphazene catalyst are added into a pressure-resistant reaction kettle, after nitrogen is replaced for 3 times, the temperature is raised to 110 ℃ for dehydration for 1h, 648kg of PO and 1554kg of EO are slowly added dropwise at 125 ℃, the pressure in the reaction process is controlled to be less than 0.30MPa, the internal pressure reaction is continued for 2h after the reaction is finished, vacuum pumping is carried out to remove unreacted residual monomers, the temperature is reduced to 85 ℃, 5.2kg of 70% phosphoric acid, 78kg of water and 2.2kg of magnesium silicate are sequentially added, and the target polyether Polyol-8 is obtained after dehydration and suction filtration;
the indexes of the polyether Polyol-1 to the polyether Polyol-8 are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 index of polyether polyol
Example 1
The preparation method of the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) preparing a component A: 100kg of pure water, 3kg of DC5188, 0.5kg of bismuth neodecanoate and 2kg of Polyol-1 are put into a reaction kettle at room temperature and stirred for 30min at the rotating speed of 40r/min, so that the component A is obtained;
(2) And (2) preparing a component B: placing 61.2kg of Polyol-1 and 38.8kg of Polyol-3 in a reaction kettle, heating to 130 ℃ for vacuum dehydration for 1h, then cooling to 40 ℃, adding 23.8kg of T-80 at one time, heating to 80 ℃, preserving heat for reaction for 4h, sampling and detecting that the-NCO content reaches 7.91wt.%, cooling and discharging, and sealing and preserving to obtain a component B;
(3) When in use, the component A and the component B are quickly and evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1, then poured into a mold, and opened after 4min, thus obtaining the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam.
Example 2
The preparation method of the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) preparing a component A: 100kg of pure water, 6kg of DC5188, 0.7kg of zinc iso-octoate and 3kg of Polyol-1 are put into a reaction kettle at room temperature and stirred for 40min at the rotating speed of 30r/min, so that the component A is obtained;
(2) And (2) preparing a component B: putting 87.8kg of Polyol-2 and 12.2kg of Polyol-3 into a reaction kettle, heating to 120 ℃ for vacuum dehydration for 1.5h, then cooling to 45 ℃, adding 49.4kg of T-80 at one time, heating to 85 ℃, preserving heat for reaction for 3h, sampling and detecting that the-NCO content reaches 15 wt%, cooling and discharging, and sealing and preserving to obtain a component B;
(3) When in use, the component A and the component B are quickly and evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:1, then poured into a mold, and opened after 4min, thus obtaining the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam.
Example 3
The preparation method of the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) preparing a component A: 100kg of pure water, 5kg of DC5900, 0.6kg of zinc iso-octoate and 3kg of Polyol-2 are put into a reaction kettle at room temperature and stirred for 35min at a rotating speed of 35r/min, so that a component A is obtained;
(2) And (2) preparing a component B: placing 100kg of Polyol-4 in a reaction kettle, heating to 125 ℃ for vacuum dehydration for 1.25 hours, then cooling to 43 ℃, adding 19.9kg of T-80 at one time, heating to 82 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for reaction for 4 hours, sampling and detecting that the-NCO content reaches 6.7wt.%, cooling and discharging, and sealing for preservation to obtain a component B;
(3) When in use, the component A and the component B are quickly and evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:1, then poured into a mold, and opened after 4min, thus obtaining the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam.
Example 4
The preparation method of the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) preparing a component A: 100kg of pure water, 8kg of DC198, 0.4kg of bismuth neodecanoate, 0.4kg of zinc isooctanoate and 4kg of Polyol-1 are put into a reaction kettle at room temperature and stirred for 40min at the rotating speed of 30r/min, so that a component A is obtained;
(2) And (2) preparing a component B: placing 100kg of Polyol-5 into a reaction kettle, heating to 120 ℃ for vacuum dehydration for 1h, then cooling to 43 ℃, adding 8.7kg of T-80, heating to 85 ℃, preserving heat for reaction for 4h, sampling and detecting, adding 13.6-kgT-80 when the-NCO content is 0 wt%, preserving heat for reaction for 3h at 85 ℃, sampling and detecting, cooling and discharging when the-NCO content is 5 wt%, and sealing and preserving to obtain a component B;
(3) When in use, the component A and the component B are quickly and evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:1, then poured into a mold, and opened after 4min, thus obtaining the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam.
Example 5
The preparation method of the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) preparing a component A: 100kg of pure water, 6kg of DC5810, 0.2kg of bismuth naphthenate and 5kg of Polyol-7 are put into a reaction kettle at room temperature and stirred for 35min at the rotating speed of 40r/min, so that a component A is obtained;
(2) And (2) preparing a component B: placing 100kg of Polyol-6 into a reaction kettle, heating to 120 ℃ for vacuum dehydration for 1h, then cooling to 40 ℃, adding 28.5kg of T-80 at one time, heating to 85 ℃, reacting for 4h while preserving heat, sampling and detecting that the-NCO content reaches 9.89wt.%, cooling and discharging, and sealing and preserving to obtain a component B;
(3) When in use, the component A and the component B are quickly and evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:1, then poured into a mold, and opened after 4min, thus obtaining the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam.
Example 6
The preparation method of the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) preparing a component A: 100kg of pure water, 5kg of DC5901, 0.2kg of bismuth laurate, 0.25kg of zinc neodecanoate and 1kg of Polyol-8 are put into a reaction kettle at room temperature and stirred for 35min at the rotating speed of 30r/min, so that a component A is obtained;
(2) And (2) preparing a component B: placing 100kg of Polyol-1 into a reaction kettle, heating to 125 ℃ for vacuum dehydration for 1h, then cooling to 45 ℃, adding 3.4kg of T-80, heating to 90 ℃, preserving heat for reaction for 3h, sampling and detecting, adding 20.5-kgT-80 when the-NCO content is 0 wt%, preserving heat for reaction for 3h at 85 ℃, sampling and detecting, cooling and discharging when the-NCO content is 7.98 wt%, and sealing and preserving to obtain a component B;
(3) When in use, the component A and the component B are quickly and evenly mixed according to the mass ratio of 4:1, then poured into a mold, and opened after 4min, thus obtaining the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 3 is that Polyol-4 in the B-component is replaced with DONOL PEG6000 of the same mass, otherwise the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 3 is that Polyol-4 in the B-component is replaced by INOVOL F5631 of equivalent mass, and the amount of T-80 is 20.7kg, otherwise as in example 3.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 3 is that 1.5kg of glycerol was added to the A-component, and Polyol-4 in the B-component was replaced with INOVOL C280 of equivalent mass, with a T-80 dosage of 18.8kg, otherwise as in example 3.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 3 is that 100kg of Polyol-4 in the B component was replaced with 73kg of INOVOL C280 and 27kg INOVOL F5631,T-80 in an amount of 22.8kg, otherwise as in example 3.
Comparative example 5
The procedure of example 3 was repeated except that Polyol-2 in the component A was replaced with an equivalent mass of alkyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate X-468.
The polyurethane foams prepared in examples 1 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to performance test respectively as follows:
core Density (kg/m) 3 ) The test was performed with reference to standard GB/T6343-1995;
tensile strength (kPa), tested with reference to standard GB/T6344-1996;
the water absorption is tested by referring to standard GB/T1034-2008, a foam sample is cut into the size of 60.0mm multiplied by 1.0mm, and the foam sample is dried to constant weight and then weighed for mass m 1 Immersing in 23 ℃ distilled water for 24 hours, taking out and weighing the mass m 2 The water absorption is calculated as follows: r is R m =(m 2 -m 1 )/m 1 ；
The expansion ratio of water absorption is measured by referring to the expansion ratio of water absorption, a foam sample is cut into the size of 60.0mm multiplied by 1.0mm, and the volume V is measured after the foam sample is dried to constant weight 1 Immersing in distilled water at 23 deg.C for 24 hr, taking out, and measuring its volume V 2 . The calculation formula of the water absorption expansion ratio is as follows: r is R V =(V 2 -V 1 )/V 1 。
The test results are shown in table 2:
table 2 comparison of properties of polyurethane foams
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with comparative examples 1-5, examples 1-6, which employ the emulsifier of the present invention to screen high activity polyether polyol with proper functionality and EO content, the prepared water-swellable polyurethane foam has higher water absorption and water-swellable expansion ratio, and comparative example 2, which employs 3-functional polyether polyol, has high tensile strength and high core density, which is caused by too high crosslinking density and low foaming ratio, and comparative example 3, which employs glycerin as chain extender and crosslinking agent, has tensile strength which is still not comparable to that of the examples.
Claims (10)
1. The water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam is characterized by being prepared by reacting a component A and a component B according to a mass ratio of (1-5): 1;
the component A consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of pure water, 3-8 parts of foam stabilizer, 0.2-0.8 part of catalyst and 1-5 parts of emulsifier;
the component B is an isocyanate end-capped prepolymer prepared by reacting more than one polyether polyol with toluene diisocyanate, the functionality of the prepolymer is 2-2.5, and the-NCO content is 5-15 wt%.
2. The water-swellable polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier in the component a is polyether polyol X, the functionality is 2, the number average molecular weight is 5000-6000 g/mol, and the EO content is 50-80 wt.%; the starter of the polyether polyol X is a 2-functional micromolecular starter or 2-functional polyether, and the catalyst is one or more of KOH, phosphazene catalyst or DMC; the 2-functional small molecular initiator is one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol, and the 2-functional polyether is prepared by ring-opening polymerization of the 2-functional small molecular initiator and one or more of PO or EO, and the number average molecular weight is 400-1000 g/mol.
3. The water-swellable polyurethane foam according to claim 2, wherein the polyether polyol in the component B is polyether polyol Y, the functionality is 2 to 3, the number average molecular weight is 2000 to 10000g/mol, and the EO content is 50 to 80wt.%; the starter of the polyether polyol Y is a 2-3 functional micromolecular starter or 2-3 functional polyether, and the catalyst is one or more of KOH, phosphazene catalyst or DMC; the 2-3 functional small molecular initiator is one or more of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and trimethylolethane, and the 2-3 functional polyether is prepared by ring-opening polymerization of the 2-3 functional small molecular initiator and one or more of PO or EO, and the number average molecular weight is 400-1000 g/mol.
4. The water-swellable polyurethane foam according to claim 3, wherein the polyether polyol X or the polyether polyol Y is prepared by a process comprising: the catalyst is prepared by ring-opening polymerization reaction of more than one of KOH or phosphazene catalyst and alkylene oxide, wherein the polymerization reaction temperature is 115-140 ℃; the alkylene oxide is one or more of PO or EO, wherein the polymerization temperature of PO is 115-120 ℃, and the polymerization temperature of EO or PO/EO is 120-140 ℃.
5. The water-swellable polyurethane foam according to claim 3, wherein the polyether polyol X or the polyether polyol Y is prepared by a process comprising: the DMC is used as a catalyst and is prepared by ring-opening polymerization reaction with alkylene oxide, and the polymerization reaction temperature is 135-145 ℃; the alkylene oxide is more than one of PO or EO.
6. The water-swellable polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the foam stabilizer in the a-component is a water-soluble silicone oil.
7. The water-swellable polyurethane foam of claim 1, wherein the catalyst in the a-component is a metal organic catalyst.
8. A method for preparing the water-swellable polyurethane foam according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) And (3) preparing a component A: adding pure water, foam stabilizer, catalyst and emulsifier into a reaction kettle at room temperature, and stirring to obtain component A;
(2) And (2) preparing a component B: placing more than one polyether polyol into a reaction kettle, heating, dehydrating, cooling, adding toluene diisocyanate at one time or in batches, heating, preserving heat, sampling, detecting, cooling, discharging when the-NCO content reaches 5-15 wt%, and sealing and preserving to obtain a component B;
(3) When in use, the component A and the component B are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of (1-5): 1, and the water-absorbing expansion polyurethane foam is obtained.
9. The method for preparing a water-swellable polyurethane foam according to claim 8, wherein in the step (2), the water-swellable polyurethane foam is added in batches by the following steps: the toluene diisocyanate was added first in 1/2 of the mole fraction of the polyether polyol, and when the reaction had been carried out to an-NCO content of 0wt.%, the remaining toluene diisocyanate was added.
10. The method for producing a water-swellable polyurethane foam according to claim 8, wherein in the step (1), the stirring time is 30 to 40 minutes and the rotational speed is 30 to 40r/min; in the step (2), the temperature is raised to be 80-90 ℃ and the time is 3-4 h.
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