CN117380953B - Environment-friendly friction material for electromagnetic brake and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Environment-friendly friction material for electromagnetic brake and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN117380953B CN117380953B CN202311662616.0A CN202311662616A CN117380953B CN 117380953 B CN117380953 B CN 117380953B CN 202311662616 A CN202311662616 A CN 202311662616A CN 117380953 B CN117380953 B CN 117380953B
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- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical class [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 244000226021 Anacardium occidentale Species 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000020226 cashew nut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- WJZPIORVERXPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetramethylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O.C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C WJZPIORVERXPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- OOIOHEBTXPTBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Fe] Chemical compound [Na].[Fe] OOIOHEBTXPTBBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KGSUSUJOZUFXBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ti+4].[Ca+2].[O-2].[Al+3] Chemical group [Ti+4].[Ca+2].[O-2].[Al+3] KGSUSUJOZUFXBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SWHAQEYMVUEVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium potassium Chemical compound [Mg].[K] SWHAQEYMVUEVNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 11
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- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
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- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical group [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=S YPMOSINXXHVZIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/025—Compositions based on an organic binder
- F16D69/026—Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/103—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing an organic binding agent comprising a mixture of, or obtained by reaction of, two or more components other than a solvent or a lubricating agent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/105—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing inorganic lubricating or binding agents, e.g. metal salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/12—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
- C04B26/122—Phenol-formaldehyde condensation polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/14—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Compositions of linings; Methods of manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00362—Friction materials, e.g. used as brake linings, anti-skid materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/2038—Resistance against physical degradation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0082—Production methods therefor
- F16D2200/0086—Moulding materials together by application of heat and pressure
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of friction materials, and discloses an environment-friendly friction material for an electromagnetic brake and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials comprise an adhesive, a reinforcing material, a friction increasing material, an antifriction material and a space filler; the adhesive comprises modified phenolic resin powder, fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder and high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive; the reinforcing material comprises composite reinforcing fibers, aramid pulp, titanate platelets, calcium sulfate whiskers and needle-like wollastonite; the friction-increasing material comprises aluminum titanium powder, feldspar powder, cryolite, foam titanium powder, foam aluminum powder, hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder, ferrochrome powder, cashew nut shell oil friction powder, hawaii shell powder and calcium oxide powder; the antifriction material comprises flake graphite, calcined petroleum coke and graphite phase carbon nitride; the space filler comprises precipitated barium sulfate and tetramethyl ammonium carbonate. The friction material has the advantages of high impact strength, less ash falling, long service life, high wear resistance, high and stable friction coefficient, low noise, safety and environmental protection, and is suitable for the electromagnetic brake industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction materials, in particular to an environment-friendly friction material for an electromagnetic brake and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, friction materials for electromagnetic brakes are various, and although the friction materials can basically meet the performance requirements of the electromagnetic brake on the friction materials, certain defects exist: if the high-rotation-speed impact, the long service life and the low noise of the motor during braking are not considered; meanwhile, certain toxic and harmful raw materials exist in the formula, such as oxides generated by antimony sulfide at high temperature can be carcinogenic, copper powder and copper fibers can cause heavy metal pollution, and potassium titanate whiskers and the like which have been proved to be at risk of safety at present. With the increasing environmental requirements of various countries, some materials have begun to be obsolete. Thus, there is also a strict requirement on the brake noise of friction materials, and it is generally required that the noise of a brake lining for a vehicle does not exceed 85 db during braking. At present, no special regulation is made on the braking noise of the friction material for the electromagnetic brake according to the standard, but the lower the noise is required to be, the better the customer is. Therefore, the development of the environment-friendly high-performance friction material suitable for the electromagnetic brake has wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that:
the friction material is used for solving the problem of potential safety hazard caused by using toxic and harmful raw materials in the current friction material.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention aims to provide an environment-friendly friction material for an electromagnetic brake and a preparation method thereof.
The specific contents are as follows:
firstly, the invention provides an environment-friendly friction material for an electromagnetic brake, which comprises the following raw materials of adhesive, reinforcing material, friction increasing material, antifriction material and space filler;
the adhesive comprises nitrile rubber modified phenolic resin powder or cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin powder, fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder and high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive;
the reinforcing material comprises composite reinforcing fibers, aramid pulp, titanate platelets, calcium sulfate whiskers and needle-like wollastonite;
the friction-increasing material comprises aluminum titanium powder, feldspar powder, cryolite, foam titanium powder, foam aluminum powder, hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder, ferrochrome powder, cashew nut shell oil friction powder, hawaii shell powder and calcium oxide powder;
the antifriction material comprises flake graphite, calcined petroleum coke and graphite phase carbon nitride;
the space filler comprises precipitated barium sulfate and tetramethyl ammonium carbonate.
Secondly, the invention provides a preparation method of the environment-friendly friction material for the electromagnetic brake, which comprises the following steps: weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, adding aramid pulp, crystalline flake graphite and hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder into a mixer, blending the materials I, adding the rest raw materials, blending the materials II, drying, hot-press forming and heat treatment to obtain the composite material.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, aramid pulp, titanate platelets, calcium sulfate whiskers, modified needle-like wollastonite and other fiber bodies are used as reinforcing materials, and the synergistic effect between the aramid pulp and the titanate platelets and between the titanate platelets and the calcium sulfate whiskers is utilized, namely, the aramid pulp is longer than the length of the titanate platelets and the length of the titanate whiskers, and in the forming process, if the pulp is less locally, the platelets and the whiskers fill the areas with less pulp, so that the strength reduction caused by the less pulp is made up, the overall strength of the friction material is improved, the impact strength of the friction material is greatly enhanced, and the service life of the brake under the special working condition is prolonged.
(2) The invention adopts the high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive, the secondary adhesive is used as a lubricating material at low temperature, the low-temperature wear resistance of the material is greatly improved, the low-temperature noise is reduced, the secondary adhesive is used as an adhesive material at high temperature, the high-temperature decomposition of the resin is greatly delayed, and the high-temperature friction coefficient is stabilized.
(3) The friction-increasing material such as aluminum-titanium powder, hollow non-magnetic non-rust iron powder and Hawaii shell powder is adopted, so that the high-low temperature friction coefficient of the friction material is greatly improved, and the stability can be maintained.
(4) The invention utilizes the synergistic effect of flake graphite, petroleum coke, graphite phase carbon nitride and high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive, greatly improves the stability of the performance of the friction material, reduces the overall wear rate of the friction material, has less ash falling and good wear resistance.
(5) The titanium foam powder, the aluminum foam powder and the hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder are added into the friction material, so that a metal network can be formed in the friction material, heat generated by a friction surface can be quickly transferred, and the possibility of decay of the friction surface due to high temperature is reduced.
(6) The invention does not adopt toxic and harmful materials, changes waste into valuable, and is truly safe and environment-friendly; meets the performance requirement of the electromagnetic brake on the friction material.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
Technical proposal
The invention provides an environment-friendly friction material for an electromagnetic brake, which comprises an adhesive, a reinforcing material, a friction increasing material, an antifriction material and a space filler;
the adhesive comprises nitrile rubber modified phenolic resin powder or cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin powder, fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder and high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive;
the reinforcing material comprises composite reinforcing fibers, aramid pulp, titanate platelets, calcium sulfate whiskers and needle-like wollastonite;
the friction-increasing material comprises aluminum titanium powder, feldspar powder, cryolite, foam titanium powder, foam aluminum powder, hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder, ferrochrome powder, cashew nut shell oil friction powder, hawaii shell powder and calcium oxide powder;
the antifriction material comprises flake graphite, calcined petroleum coke and graphite phase carbon nitride;
the space filler comprises precipitated barium sulfate and tetramethyl ammonium carbonate.
Further, the composition specifically comprises the following components:
an adhesive: 8-15 parts of nitrile rubber modified phenolic resin powder or cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin powder, 0-6 parts of fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder and 4-12 parts of high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive;
reinforcing material: 10-30 parts of composite reinforcing fiber, 1-3 parts of aramid pulp, 8-12 parts of titanate platelet, 5-10 parts of calcium sulfate whisker and 0-14 parts of needle-like wollastonite;
friction increasing material: 5-10 parts of aluminum titanium powder, 3-6 parts of feldspar powder, 5-10 parts of cryolite, 1-3 parts of titanium foam powder, 3-8 parts of aluminum foam powder, 5-10 parts of hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder, 3-8 parts of ferrochrome powder, 5-20 parts of cashew nut shell oil friction powder, 5-10 parts of macadamia nut shell powder and 5-20 parts of calcium oxide powder;
antifriction material: 4-12 parts of flake graphite, 6-12 parts of calcined petroleum coke and 2-5 parts of graphite phase carbon nitride;
space filling: 8-25 parts of precipitated barium sulfate and 2-5 parts of tetramethyl ammonium carbonate.
Still further, any one of the following specific addition ratios may be specifically selected:
first kind: 11.5 parts of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin powder, 3.5 parts of fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder, 6 parts of high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive, 10 parts of composite reinforcing fiber, 12 parts of titanate platelet, 1 part of aramid pulp, 8 parts of calcium sulfate whisker, 10 parts of needle wollastonite, 7 parts of aluminum titanium powder, 4 parts of feldspar powder, 10 parts of cryolite, 2 parts of foam titanium powder, 4 parts of foam aluminum powder, 5 parts of hollow non-magnetic non-rust iron powder, 3 parts of ferrochrome powder, 8 parts of cashew nut shell oil friction powder, 7 parts of macadamia nut shell powder, 8 parts of calcium oxide powder, 4.5 parts of flake graphite, 8 parts of calcined petroleum coke, 4 parts of graphite phase carbon nitride, 8 parts of precipitated barium sulfate and 4 parts of tetramethyl ammonium carbonate;
second kind: 14 parts of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin powder, 3 parts of fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder, 4 parts of high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive, 16 parts of composite reinforcing fiber, 8 parts of titanate platelet, 1.5 parts of aramid pulp, 8 parts of calcium sulfate whisker, 5 parts of needle wollastonite, 8 parts of aluminum titanium powder, 4 parts of feldspar powder, 6 parts of cryolite, 2.5 parts of foam titanium powder, 3 parts of foam aluminum powder, 10 parts of hollow non-magnetic stainless iron powder, 3 parts of ferrochrome powder, 10 parts of cashew nut shell oil friction powder, 6 parts of macadamia nut shell powder, 12 parts of calcium oxide powder, 5 parts of flake graphite, 8 parts of calcined petroleum coke, 3.5 parts of graphite phase carbon nitride, 10 parts of precipitated barium sulfate and 4 parts of tetramethyl ammonium carbonate;
third kind: 12.5 parts of nitrile rubber modified phenolic resin powder, 0 part of fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder, 5 parts of high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive, 15 parts of composite reinforcing fiber, 8 parts of titanate platelet, 2 parts of aramid pulp, 8 parts of calcium sulfate whisker, 0 part of needle wollastonite, 5 parts of aluminum titanium powder, 5 parts of feldspar powder, 8 parts of cryolite, 1 part of foam titanium powder, 5 parts of foam aluminum powder, 8 parts of hollow nonmagnetic non-rust iron powder, 5 parts of chromium iron powder, 14 parts of cashew nut shell oil friction powder, 5 parts of Hawaii nut shell powder, 10 parts of calcium oxide powder, 4.5 parts of crystalline flake graphite, 6.5 parts of calcined petroleum coke, 2 parts of graphite phase carbon nitride, 15 parts of precipitated barium sulfate and 2 parts of tetramethyl ammonium carbonate.
Secondly, the invention provides a preparation method of the environment-friendly friction material for the electromagnetic brake, which comprises the following steps:
weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, adding aramid pulp, crystalline flake graphite and hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder into a mixer, blending the materials I, adding the rest raw materials, blending the materials II, drying, hot-press forming and heat treatment to obtain the composite material.
For deployment, that is:
(1) And (3) placing aramid pulp, crystalline flake graphite and hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder into a plow harrow type mixer for opening, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft of the mixer is 200-500 r/min, the rotating speed of a reamer is 2000-3000 r/min, and the opening time is 5-10 min.
(2) After the aramid pulp, the crystalline flake graphite and the hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder are loosened, the rest materials are placed in a plow harrow type mixer for mixing, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 200-300 r/min, the rotating speed of a reamer is 800-1500 r/min, and the mixing time is 10-15 min.
(3) And uniformly mixing the materials to be formed, and then placing the materials into an oven, and keeping the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for drying for 1-2 hours.
(4) And (3) performing hot press molding by adopting a 100T four-column hydraulic press, wherein the molding temperature is 150-160 ℃, the molding pressure is 20-30 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 60-90 s/mm. Every 20s of pressurization and 5s of deflation after the start of the pressing, the pressure maintaining is performed after continuously performing the deflation for 3 times.
(5) After the pressure maintaining is finished, the pressed friction material is taken out and put into an oven for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment process is that the temperature is kept at 140 ℃ for 2 hours, 160 ℃ for 3 hours and 180 ℃ for 3 hours.
With respect to the raw material components of the aforementioned friction material, the following description will now be made:
1. adhesive agent
(1) Nitrile rubber modified phenolic resin
Rubber modification belongs to blending modification, and grafting or block copolymerization reaction exists to a certain extent. The nitrile rubber has better high temperature resistance and can improve the heat resistance of the phenolic resin. Meanwhile, the nitrile rubber and the phenolic resin have excellent compatibility, can be fully dispersed in the phenolic resin to form a uniformly dispersed two-phase system, and the nitrile rubber is easy to form a sea-island structure, namely the phenolic resin forms a continuous phase, and the rubber forms a dispersed phase. The nitrile rubber modified phenolic resin can effectively improve the toughness and the wear resistance of the friction material. In the invention, the particle size of the nitrile rubber modified phenolic resin is 200 meshes.
(2) Cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin
The cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin has good toughness, good wear resistance and moderate cost. Compared with pure phenolic resin, the cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin has flexible groups with adjustable rigidity, improves the flexibility of the resin, so that the hardness of the material is moderate, and the impact strength is improved. The cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin has obviously improved heat resistance, thermal decomposition temperature exceeding 400 ℃, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of high-temperature heat decay when being used in friction materials, and also has obviously improved impact strength and braking noise of products. In the invention, the particle size of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin is 200 meshes.
(3) Butyronitrile rubber powder
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) is a copolymer polymerized from acrylonitrile and butadiene monomers, and has excellent oil resistance, high wear resistance, high heat resistance and high adhesive force. The addition of the nitrile rubber powder causes a proper amount of flexible rubber particles to be dispersed and distributed on a continuous rigid hard resin matrix to form a so-called high polymer alloy, reduces the elastic modulus of matrix resin, improves the flexibility of the resin, greatly improves the impact strength of the material, obviously reduces the hardness and reduces the noise. In the invention, the particle size of the fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder is 40 meshes.
(4) High-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive
The high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive is prepared by foaming the porous and coarse high-alumina bauxite, namely, the high-alumina bauxite is made to form a porous loose structure by adding and reacting a physical foaming agent or a chemical foaming agent, so that the high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, light specific gravity (the specific gravity is 0.8-1.0 g/cm), hollowness, wear resistance, stable size, easy dispersion and the like. The high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive has improved viscosity along with the temperature rise, plays a role in high-temperature secondary adhesion, and can replace solid lubricants such as antimony sulfide, molybdenum disulfide and the like; meanwhile, the Mohs hardness of the friction material is 5-7, the friction material has a good friction increasing effect, and the high-temperature stability during braking and the toughness and impact resistance of the friction material are improved. The high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive does not contain toxic and harmful substances, and is a safe and environment-friendly raw material for friction materials. The amount of the high-temperature inorganic secondary binder added to the friction material can be reduced appropriately by using a hard filler such as a resin and alumina. In the present invention, the particle size of the high temperature inorganic secondary binder is preferably 325 mesh, available from Beijing composite Co., ltd.
2. Reinforcing material
(1) Composite reinforcing fiber
The composite reinforced fiber is prepared with basalt, diabase, etc. as main material and through high temperature smelting, centrifugal throwing to form fiber, impurity eliminating, slag eliminating, surface treatment and other steps. The composite reinforced fiber has the characteristics of high strength, good dispersibility, less dust, high bonding strength with resin, low slag ball content and the like, has the Mohs hardness of 5-5.5, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing high-end friction materials. The composite reinforcing fiber is preferably: the diameter is 5-12 μm, and the length is 100-250 μm.
(2) Aramid pulp
The aramid pulp has the characteristics of high strength and elastic modulus, good heat resistance, soft texture, no damage to mating parts, low density, large specific surface area, good adsorptivity, stable low-high temperature friction coefficient, wear resistance, good reinforcing effect, good impact resistance and low braking noise, and the thermal decomposition temperature can reach 500 ℃. The friction material can be well toughened by adding 1-3% of aramid fiber. Therefore, the aramid pulp in the invention has the preferable average length of 1.5-2 mm and the specific surface area of 5-9 m 2 /g。
(4) Titanate platelet
The titanate platelet comprises potassium titanate platelet, potassium magnesium titanate platelet, sodium iron titanate platelet, etc., and has a length and width of 0.5-5 μm and a thickness of 0.2-1.5 μm. By selecting flaky titanate crystals as a substitute material for titanate whiskers, a stable tribofilm is more easily formed than potassium titanate whiskers because it is more environmentally friendly. The titanate platelet has good heat resistance and chemical stability, can improve the strength, rigidity and heat resistance of the friction material, can obviously reduce the ash falling of the friction material, improves the high-temperature wear resistance and reduces noise. The titanate crystal and the aramid pulp have obvious synergistic effect, namely, if pulp is less locally in the forming process, the lamellar crystal fills the area with less pulp, the strength reduction caused by less pulp is made up, the integral strength of the friction material is improved, a stable transfer film can be further formed, and the friction performance of the material is improved.
(5) Calcium sulfate whisker
The Mohs hardness of the calcium sulfate whisker is 3, so that the toughness of the friction material can be increased, the braking noise is reduced, the modulus is increased, the density of the friction material is reduced, and the wear resistance of the friction material is improved. The calcium sulfate whisker can improve the friction coefficient and the stability under the high-speed sliding condition. The calcium sulfate whisker preferably has a diameter of 1-4 μm and a length of 10-300 μm.
(6) Needle-like wollastonite
The acicular wollastonite (namely, the wollastonite is obtained by modifying the wollastonite by a coupling agent, so as to achieve the aim of improving the strength and the wear resistance of the friction material) is an endless chain calcium metasilicate mineral, the Mohs hardness is 4-5, and the appearance is an off-white acicular fiber. Wollastonite is acid-base resistant, chemical corrosion resistant, good in thermal stability, free of adsorbed water and crystallization water, stable at 900 ℃, low in wet swelling property, oil-resistant and the like. An important property of wollastonite is the aspect ratio, which is as high as possible. Wollastonite has higher Mohs hardness and can be used as a reinforcing material and a friction performance adjusting material. In the invention, the length-diameter ratio of the modified needle-shaped wollastonite is preferably 24:1.
3. Friction increasing material
(1) Aluminum-titanium powder
The main component of the aluminum titanium powder is aluminum titanium calcium oxide with compact and stable structure, has Mohs hardness of 5, higher melting point and refractoriness, excellent wear resistance, reduced heat conductivity and thermal expansion rate, good high-low temperature friction increasing effect, good adsorption effect with other materials and contribution to powder dispersion. The aluminum-titanium powder has low density and tap density of 1.2-1.5 g/cm, is alkaline, can improve the pH value of the friction material, and protects the mating parts. In the invention, the aluminum titanium powder preferably has a particle size of 600 meshes, and is purchased from Shanghai Dazhu industries, inc., and the product model is NP-F02-YG.
(2) Feldspar
Feldspar is an aluminosilicate mineral of alkali metals such as potassium, sodium, calcium, barium, and the like, and is respectively called potassium feldspar, sodium feldspar, anorthite, celsian, and the like. The friction material is commonly used as albite and potash feldspar, the Mohs hardness of the feldspar is 6, the feldspar belongs to hard filler, the feldspar is commonly used as friction-increasing filler in the friction material, and the friction coefficient can be remarkably improved by adding a proper amount of feldspar powder. The high specific heat characteristic of the feldspar powder can effectively improve the heat fading resistance of the phenolic resin friction material. In the present invention, the feldspar powder preferably has a particle size of 325 mesh.
(3) Cryolite
The cryolite has the Mohs hardness of 2-3, and the main component is sodium fluoride, so that the cryolite is a good friction-increasing filler, and is a material with low hardness and high friction-increasing efficiency. Cryolite also has less impact on the wear rate of the friction material. In the present invention, cryolite preferably has a particle size of 325 mesh.
(4) Foam titanium powder
Titanium is a silvery-white transition metal and is characterized by light weight, high specific strength, high mechanical strength and very good toughness. When the foam titanium is impacted, the pores of the foam titanium can absorb more energy and resist higher damage stress, so that the foam titanium is a material with excellent impact resistance. The foam titanium powder is added into the friction material, so that the impact strength of the friction material can be obviously improved, the gaps of the foam titanium powder can absorb vibration noise of the friction material during braking, and the heat fading of the friction material is reduced. In the invention, the particle size of the foam titanium powder is preferably 60-80 meshes.
(5) Foam aluminum powder
The foamed aluminum powder has good fire resistance, the melting point of aluminum is 660 ℃, and the foamed aluminum powder begins to soften when reaching 800 ℃. The density of the foamed aluminum powder is small and is about 1/5-1/10 of that of pure aluminum, the foamed aluminum powder has excellent sound absorption effect, and the sound enters the gaps of the foamed aluminum powder to be diffusely reflected and mutually interfered, so that the sound energy is converted into heat energy, and the noise is reduced. Compared with other sound absorbing materials, the foam aluminum powder has excellent low-frequency absorption performance, and the foam aluminum powder with a cavity with a certain size can be applied in a wider frequency field. The aluminum is softer, the Mohs hardness is 2-3, and the aluminum can be used as an antifriction material and has obvious effect of reducing the wear rate of the friction material. In the invention, the particle size of the foamed aluminum powder is preferably 60-80 meshes.
(6) Hollow non-magnetic stainless iron powder
The hollow non-magnetic stainless iron powder is prepared with iron as main material and through crushing, magnetic separation, wind separation, grading, compounding, etc. and through adding foaming agent at 1300 deg.c to foam at high temperature, and further through the passivation at 900 deg.c to produce porous stainless light material with coarse surface; has the effects of increasing friction, reducing friction surface temperature, slowing down resin decomposition and reducing noise. The hollow non-magnetic stainless iron powder changes the metal phase structure in the manufacturing process, and does not generate spark and metal adhesion during braking. The hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder can increase the initial friction coefficient, reduce the temperature of a friction surface and improve the stability of the friction coefficient. The material is non-magnetic and does not influence the magnetic field when the brake acts. In the invention, the hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder preferably has a particle size of-40-120 meshes and is purchased from Beijing gold composite material Co.
(7) Ferrochromium powder
Ferrochrome powder belongs to spinel, and the general chemical formula is FeCr 2 O 4 . The Mohs hardness of the ferrochrome powder is 5.5, the melting point is 1535 ℃, the ferrochrome powder has low thermal expansion rate, good thermal shock resistance, chilling property superior to zircon, good low temperature and high Wen Zengma effect, and can reduce heat decay of friction materials and improve braking efficiency. In the present invention, the ferrochrome powder preferably has a particle size of 325 mesh.
(8) Cashew nut shell oil friction powder
The cashew nut shell oil friction powder is a high molecular compound taking cashew nut shell oil as a raw material, and the decomposition temperature of the cashew nut shell oil friction powder is above 300 ℃, can improve and stabilize the friction coefficient below 300 ℃, has obvious effect in the aspect of reducing high-temperature abrasion, and can obviously reduce braking noise. In the invention, cashew nut shell oil friction powder is preferably 100 meshes in particle size.
(9) Hawaii shell powder
The macadamia nut shell powder is prepared by drying macadamia nut shells and mechanically crushing. The hawaii shell mainly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc. The hawaii shell has the best mechanical property, the thermal decomposition temperature of the hawaii shell can reach more than 300 ℃, and the hawaii shell can be used as a reinforcing filler of friction materials. The Hawaii shell powder can improve the impact toughness of the friction material, the stability of the friction coefficient and reduce the high-temperature wear rate. In the invention, the macadamia nut shell powder is preferably 150 meshes.
(10) Calcium oxide
The calcium oxide is alkaline oxide, has the Mohs hardness of 6, and is a high-hardness refractory material. Can be used for composite materials, and can improve the friction coefficient, toughness and wear resistance of the composite materials. Calcium oxide absorbs moisture in air to produce calcium hydroxide, and then reacts with carbon dioxide to produce calcium carbonate, which is a cheap space filler. Therefore, the calcium oxide can be utilized to absorb part of carbon dioxide and water generated by the decomposition of other materials, the vapor pressure of hot pressing overshoot is reduced, the defects of sticking, foaming, layering and the like in the hot pressing process are reduced, and the hot pressing yield is improved. The calcium oxide is alkaline oxide, which can raise the pH value of friction material and inhibit the corrosion of foam iron powder and the mating parts. In the present invention, the calcium oxide preferably has a particle size of 325 mesh.
4. Antifriction material
(1) Flake graphite
The flake graphite belongs to a hexagonal system and is in a flake shape, the carbon atomic force between the flake graphite layers is much weaker than that between the layers, and when tangential force parallel to the layers is received, the layers slide easily, so that the friction coefficient is very low and is generally 0.05-0.19. The melting point of graphite is up to 3850 ℃ or so, and the high-temperature resistance is excellent. In a certain range, the graphite has the function of reducing and stabilizing friction coefficient and reduces the wear rate. In the invention, the crystalline flake graphite is-195 crystalline flake graphite.
(2) Calcining petroleum coke
The calcined petroleum coke has the appearance of porous solid particles with irregular shapes, metallic luster, black or dark gray and developed pore structures. The main component of petroleum coke is carbon black. The burnt petroleum coke has partial graphite crystal structure and is characterized by more pores and good air suction. The porosity of the calcined petroleum coke can absorb decomposition products of the friction material at high temperature, and the friction factor reduction trend caused by the decomposition products on the friction surface is slowed down. The graphite and the coke have good synergistic effect, and the overall wear rate of the friction material can be greatly reduced. In the invention, the particle size of the calcined petroleum coke is preferably 20-40 meshes.
(3) Graphite phase carbon nitride
Graphite phase carbon nitride(g-C 3 N 4 ) Is a two-dimensional carbon nitrogen polymer material, g-C 3 N 4 The interlayer binding force is low, interlayer slippage is easy to occur under the action of tangential force, the lubricating performance is good, and a large amount of amine groups (-NH) are free around the lamellar 2 ) Can be connected with carbonyl (C=O) repeating units in an organic molecular chain in a chemical bond mode, and the interface bonding force between graphite-phase carbon nitride and a polymer matrix is good. Graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C) 3 N 4 ) The friction material has synergistic effect with flake graphite and calcined petroleum coke, and is favorable to forming transfer film on friction surface, and the wear rate of the friction material is greatly reduced. In the present invention, graphite-phase carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) Preferably 1000 mesh.
5. Space filler
(1) Precipitated barium sulfate
The precipitated barium sulfate can stabilize the friction coefficient, has small abrasion, can form a stable friction interface particularly at high temperature, can prevent the surface of the dual material from being scratched, ensures the surface of the dual material to be smoother, and is favorable for reducing braking noise. In the present invention, precipitated barium sulfate is preferably 325 mesh in particle size.
(2) Tetramethyl ammonium carbonate
Tetramethyl ammonium carbonate is a white organic alkali crystal, the decomposition temperature is 150 ℃, and the white organic alkali crystal is completely changed into gas after decomposition, has no residue, and is applied to friction materials to be used as pore formers. Because the optimal forming temperature of the phenolic resin is 150-160 ℃, when the phenolic resin begins to be cured and formed in a large amount, the tetramethyl ammonium carbonate begins to be decomposed in a large amount to form a large amount of gaps, and the pore-forming efficiency of the friction material is improved. The calcium oxide in the components generates calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate in sequence due to the generated carbon dioxide and the water in the components. Because the calcium oxide absorbs part of carbon dioxide, the gas discharge is reduced in the pressing process of the friction material, so that the defects of sticking, layering, holes and the like of the friction material are reduced, and the yield of the friction material is improved. For deployment, that is: in the hot pressing process, tetramethyl ammonium carbonate is decomposed to produce carbon dioxide, ammonia gas, etc. While the other components will have a small amount of moisture. Thus, the chemical reactions that occur during hot pressing are:
CaO+H 2 O→Ca(OH) 2 ，Ca(OH) 2 +CO 2 →CaCO 3 +H 2 O，
the moisture reacts with excess CaO to form Ca (OH) 2 Calcium hydroxide is a filler in friction materials and has the effect of friction increase. Meanwhile, the porosity of the friction material is also improved, so that noise vibration can be reduced, and small molecular substances generated by decomposition of some resins can be adsorbed. The porous structure may reduce thermal heat decay of the friction material. The invention adopts tetramethyl ammonium carbonate, which has different decomposition temperature with lower decomposition temperature than that of ammonium carbonate, and can obviously decompose ammonia, carbon dioxide and water at room temperature. If ammonium carbonate is used as the pore-forming agent, the resin is not completely cured, and the ammonium carbonate is decomposed in a large amount, so that the pore-forming rate is reduced. The decomposition temperature of the tetramethyl ammonium carbonate is high and is about 150 ℃, and the optimal curing temperature of the resin is 150-160 ℃, so that the porosity can be improved by using the tetramethyl ammonium carbonate. In the present invention, the particle size of the tetramethylammonium carbonate is preferably 40 mesh.
Examples 1 to 3
The raw materials of each component of the raw materials are shown in table 1.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: and (3) placing aramid pulp, crystalline flake graphite and hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder into a plow harrow type mixer for opening, wherein the rotating speed of a main shaft of the mixer is 200-500 r/min, the rotating speed of a reamer is 2000-3000 r/min, and the opening time is 5-10 min. After the aramid pulp is loosened, the rest materials are placed in a plow harrow type mixer for mixing, the rotating speed of a main shaft is 200-300 r/min, the rotating speed of a reamer is 800-1500 r/min, and the mixing time is 10-15 min. And (3) uniformly mixing the pressed plastic, and then placing the mixture in an oven, and keeping the temperature of 60-70 ℃ for baking for 1-2 hours. And (3) performing hot press molding by adopting a 100T four-column hydraulic press, wherein the molding temperature is 150-160 ℃, the molding pressure is 20-30 MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 60-90 s/mm. Every 20s of pressurization and 5s of deflation after the start of the pressing, the pressure maintaining is performed after continuously performing the deflation for 3 times. After the pressure maintaining is finished, the pressed friction material is taken out and put into an oven for heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment process is that the temperature is kept at 140 ℃ for 2 hours, 160 ℃ for 3 hours and 180 ℃ for 3 hours.
Comparative example
Comparative examples 1 to 3
The raw materials of each component of the raw materials are shown in Table 1, and the preparation method is the same as that of examples 1-3.
TABLE 1 proportion of the raw materials components (example-E, comparative example-C)
Test examples
The friction materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were used as samples, and a constant-speed wear test and an impact strength test were performed according to GB/T11834 and GB/T33835, and the test results are shown in Table 2 (example-E, comparative example-C); rated static torque test was carried out according to GB/T34114, and the test results are shown in Table 3 (example-E, comparative example-C).
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
TABLE 2 results of constant speed test and impact test of Friction Material
TABLE 3 static torque test results for friction materials
Claims (3)
1. The environment-friendly friction material for the electromagnetic brake is characterized in that the raw materials comprise an adhesive, a reinforcing material, a friction increasing material, an antifriction material and a space filler; the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight,
the adhesive comprises 8-15 parts of nitrile rubber modified phenolic resin powder or cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin powder, 0-6 parts of fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder and 4-12 parts of high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive; the high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive is obtained by foaming high bauxite; the particle size of the nitrile rubber modified phenolic resin powder is 200 meshes; the particle size of the cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin powder is 200 meshes; the particle size of the fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder is 40 meshes; the particle size of the high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive is 325 meshes;
the reinforcing material comprises 10-30 parts of composite reinforcing fibers, 1-3 parts of aramid pulp, 8-12 parts of titanate platelets, 5-10 parts of calcium sulfate whiskers and 0-14 parts of needle-like wollastonite; the raw materials of the composite reinforced fiber comprise basalt and diabase; the diameter of the composite reinforced fiber is 5-12 mu m, and the length is 100-250 mu m; the length of the aramid pulp is 1.5-2 mm, and the specific surface area is 5-9 m 2 /g; the titanate platelet comprises at least one of potassium titanate platelet, potassium magnesium titanate platelet and sodium iron titanate platelet; the length and width of the titanate platelet are 0.5-5 μm, and the thickness is 0.2-1.5 μm; the diameter of the calcium sulfate whisker is 1-4 mu m, and the length of the calcium sulfate whisker is 10-300 mu m; the length-diameter ratio of the needle-shaped wollastonite is 24:1;
the friction-increasing material comprises 5-10 parts of aluminum titanium powder, 3-6 parts of feldspar powder, 5-10 parts of cryolite, 1-3 parts of foam titanium powder, 3-8 parts of foam aluminum powder, 5-10 parts of hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder, 3-8 parts of ferrochrome powder, 5-20 parts of cashew nut shell oil friction powder, 5-10 parts of Hawaii shell powder and 5-20 parts of calcium oxide powder; the aluminum titanium powder is aluminum titanium calcium oxide, and the tap density is 1.2-1.5 g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The grain diameter of the feldspar powder is 325 meshes; the particle size of the foam titanium powder is 60-80 meshes; the particle size of the foamed aluminum powder is 60-80 meshes; the particle size of the hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder is-40-120 meshes; the particle size of ferrochrome powder is 325 meshes; the particle size of the cashew nut shell oil friction powder is 100 meshes; the particle size of the macadamia nut shell powder is 150 meshes; the particle size of the calcium oxide powder is 325 meshes; the particle size of cryolite is 325 meshes;
the antifriction material comprises 4-12 parts of crystalline flake graphite, 6-12 parts of calcined petroleum coke and 2-5 parts of graphite phase carbon nitride; the crystalline flake graphite is-195 crystalline flake graphite; the particle size of the calcined petroleum coke is 20-40 meshes; the grain diameter of the graphite phase carbon nitride is 1000 meshes;
the space filler comprises 8-25 parts of precipitated barium sulfate and 2-5 parts of tetramethyl ammonium carbonate; the particle size of the precipitated barium carbonate is 325 meshes; the particle size of the tetramethyl ammonium carbonate was 40 mesh.
2. The environment-friendly friction material for the electromagnetic brake according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials of the friction material are selected from one of the following components:
first kind: 11.5 parts of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin powder, 3.5 parts of fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder, 6 parts of high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive, 10 parts of composite reinforcing fiber, 12 parts of titanate platelet, 1 part of aramid pulp, 8 parts of calcium sulfate whisker, 10 parts of needle wollastonite, 7 parts of aluminum titanium powder, 4 parts of feldspar powder, 10 parts of cryolite, 2 parts of foam titanium powder, 4 parts of foam aluminum powder, 5 parts of hollow non-magnetic non-rust iron powder, 3 parts of ferrochrome powder, 8 parts of cashew nut shell oil friction powder, 7 parts of macadamia nut shell powder, 8 parts of calcium oxide powder, 4.5 parts of flake graphite, 8 parts of calcined petroleum coke, 4 parts of graphite phase carbon nitride, 8 parts of precipitated barium sulfate and 4 parts of tetramethyl ammonium carbonate;
second kind: 14 parts of cashew nut shell oil modified phenolic resin powder, 3 parts of fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder, 4 parts of high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive, 16 parts of composite reinforcing fiber, 8 parts of titanate platelet, 1.5 parts of aramid pulp, 8 parts of calcium sulfate whisker, 5 parts of needle wollastonite, 8 parts of aluminum titanium powder, 4 parts of feldspar powder, 6 parts of cryolite, 2.5 parts of foam titanium powder, 3 parts of foam aluminum powder, 10 parts of hollow non-magnetic stainless iron powder, 3 parts of ferrochrome powder, 10 parts of cashew nut shell oil friction powder, 6 parts of macadamia nut shell powder, 12 parts of calcium oxide powder, 5 parts of flake graphite, 8 parts of calcined petroleum coke, 3.5 parts of graphite phase carbon nitride, 10 parts of precipitated barium sulfate and 4 parts of tetramethyl ammonium carbonate;
third kind: 12.5 parts of nitrile rubber modified phenolic resin powder, 0 part of fully vulcanized nitrile rubber powder, 5 parts of high-temperature inorganic secondary adhesive, 15 parts of composite reinforcing fiber, 8 parts of titanate platelet, 2 parts of aramid pulp, 8 parts of calcium sulfate whisker, 0 part of needle wollastonite, 5 parts of aluminum titanium powder, 5 parts of feldspar powder, 8 parts of cryolite, 1 part of foam titanium powder, 5 parts of foam aluminum powder, 8 parts of hollow nonmagnetic non-rust iron powder, 5 parts of chromium iron powder, 14 parts of cashew nut shell oil friction powder, 5 parts of Hawaii shell powder, 10 parts of calcium oxide powder, 4.5 parts of crystalline flake graphite, 6.5 parts of calcined petroleum coke, 2 parts of graphite phase carbon nitride, 15 parts of precipitated barium sulfate and 2 parts of tetramethyl ammonium carbonate.
3. A method for producing the environment-friendly friction material for electromagnetic brake as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, adding aramid pulp, crystalline flake graphite and hollow nonmagnetic stainless iron powder into a mixer, blending the materials I, adding the rest raw materials, blending the materials II, drying, hot-press forming and heat treatment to obtain the composite material.
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