CN117376775A - Method and circuit for improving electric matching and acoustic performance and power factor of underwater acoustic transducer - Google Patents
Method and circuit for improving electric matching and acoustic performance and power factor of underwater acoustic transducer Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
- H04R1/44—Special adaptations for subaqueous use, e.g. for hydrophone
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater acoustic transducers, and discloses an electric matching and acoustic performance and power factor improving method and circuit for the underwater acoustic transducer, which are used for measuring the impedance and the phase of the working frequency band of the transducer and converting the impedance and the phase into admittanceConductivity ofWith susceptanceThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Constructing a transducer single resonance BVD model; respectively calculating the series and parallel resonant frequenciesIs set to an initial value of (1); performing nonlinear fitting by using a single BVD model to obtain BVD parameter values; designing the secondary inductance of the transformer at the parallel resonant frequency; calculating the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of a transformerThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Constructing a matching circuit of a transformer and an inductance-capacitance, and obtaining a parameter inductanceCapacitance. The invention considers the impedance matching and the phase tuning of the transducer at the same time, can optimize the phase angle of the parallel resonant frequency, and effectively reduces the static capacitanceThe influence on the insertion loss improves the underwater sound performance of the transducer and optimizes the power factor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of underwater acoustic transducers, and particularly relates to a method and a circuit for improving electric matching and acoustic performance and power factor of an underwater acoustic transducer.
Background
The underwater acoustic transducer can realize the emission and the reception of sound waves under water, is usually driven by lead zirconate titanate polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramics, relaxation ferroelectric single crystals or piezoelectric composite materials and the like, and has important application in the fields of underwater target detection, underwater acoustic imaging, underwater acoustic communication, underwater positioning, navigation and the like. In order to realize remote underwater target detection and identification and improve underwater information transmission efficiency, a transceiver-combined underwater acoustic transducer with lower insertion loss and larger frequency bandwidth is required to be used. Meanwhile, the power factor has important influence on the stability of an acoustic system and the service life of a transducer, and important consideration is also needed in the design stage of the transducer.
The butterworth-van dyke (BVD) model is one of the most commonly used models for describing the electromechanical properties of piezoelectric transducers. It consists of static capacitorDynamic resistance->Dynamic inductance->Dynamic capacitance->Is composed of the components. FIG. 8 is a single harmonicSchematic of the BVD model of a vibrating transducer, the total input impedance of the transducer is:
；
from the above, the frequencies corresponding to the minimum and maximum impedance values can be obtained, respectively, as the series resonance frequency) And parallel resonance frequency (+)>)：
；
；
The transmit voltage response and receive sensitivity of an underwater acoustic transducer are generally affected by the magnitude of the transducer impedance. Typically, the impedance of the underwater acoustic transducer is high, and appropriate lowering of the impedance of the transducer results in an increase in the transmit voltage response, but at the same time results in a decrease in the receive sensitivity. Static capacitorDescribing the invariable capacitance at two ends of the electrode of the piezoelectric material, for the transmitting and receiving combined transducer, the static capacitance +.>The presence of (a) reduces the transmit voltage response and receive sensitivity of the transducer, which in turn has an impact on insertion loss.
The electrical matching of transducers is an important way to boost the insertion loss and bandwidth of underwater acoustic transducers, and can be divided into two categories according to principle: impedance matching and broadband tuning. The basic idea of impedance matching is to adjust the impedance of the transducer at a certain frequency point to be the same as the internal resistance of the signal source according to the impedance matching principle so as to realize the highest energy transmission efficiency. At presentThe main implementation method of the electric matching is as follows: (1) By connecting proper inductance in parallel, the static capacitance of the transducer is eliminatedThe reactive component generated at the series resonant frequency, at which the transducer impedance reaches a minimum, is the most efficient to transmit. However, since the inductance value of the parallel connection is fixed, the static capacitance of the transducer at a specific frequency can be eliminated>The generated reactance component cannot realize the broadband electric matching of the transducer, and the parallel inductance is difficult to adjust the impedance of the transducer at the frequency to be the same as the internal resistance of the signal source. (2) Building a transducer matching network using computer aided design software (CAD) and by designing an appropriate figure of merit>To expand bandwidth. However, CAD designs have numerous topologies of electrical matching networks, and multiple experimental verifications are required to determine the optimal topology. (3) By adding a transformer, the static capacitance is eliminated>Reactance component generated at series resonance frequency while adjusting turns ratio between secondary and primary of transformer>The transducer impedance is adjusted to be near the internal resistance of the signal source as shown in fig. 9. While adding a transformer can effectively reduce the transducer impedance, resulting in an increase in the transducer transmit voltage response, a decrease in impedance will result in a significant decrease in the transducer receive sensitivity.
The purpose of broadband tuning is to design a matching circuit to limit the phase angle of the transducer within a certain frequency band range, thereby reducing reactive loss and prolonging the service life of the transducer. The current technology of broadband tuning to the insertion loss and bandwidth is relatively few, and the R.Krishnakumar limits the phase change of the transducer within +/-20 ℃ in a broadband range by designing a band-pass filter, so that reactive loss is greatly reduced. However, the technology does not fully consider the theory of impedance matching, and the impedance of the transducer is still far greater than the internal resistance of the signal source.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects existing in the prior art are as follows:
(1) Because the inductance value of the parallel connection is fixed, the static capacitance of the transducer at a specific frequency can be eliminated only by the mode of the parallel connection inductanceThe generated reactance component cannot realize the broadband electric matching of the transducer, and the parallel inductance is difficult to adjust the impedance of the transducer at the frequency to be the same as the internal resistance of the signal source.
(2) In the mode of expanding the bandwidth by constructing the transducer matching network, the CAD designs the topology structure of the electrical matching network, and the optimal topology can be determined by multiple experimental verification; in the manner of eliminating the transducer impedance by adding a transformer, a decrease in impedance will result in a significant decrease in the receiving sensitivity of the transducer.
(3) The technology of limiting the phase change of the transducer within +/-20 degrees in a broadband range by designing a band-pass filter does not fully consider the impedance matching theory, and the impedance of the transducer is still far greater than the internal resistance of a signal source.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the related art, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention provide a method and a circuit for improving the electrical matching and acoustic performance and the power factor of an underwater acoustic transducer, wherein the technical scheme is as follows:
the invention is realized in such a way that the method for improving the electrical matching, acoustic performance and power factor of the underwater acoustic transducer comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring impedance in working frequency band of transducer by using impedance analyzerAnd phase->Will obtainIs converted into admittance->Electric conduction->With susceptance->And respectively storing the data into an excel table;
s2, introducing frequency and admittance by using MATLABElectric conduction->And susceptance->Data of (2);
s3, constructing a transducer single resonance BVD model;
wherein admittance isThe expression of (2) is:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for admittance->，/>For angular frequency +.>Is static capacitance>For dynamic resistance +.>For dynamic inductance->Is a dynamic capacitance;
s4, calculating at the series and parallel resonant frequencies respectivelyIs set to an initial value of (1);
s5, performing nonlinear fitting by using a single BVD model, and obtaining a group of BVD parameter values;
s6, performing secondary fitting by using BVD parameter values to obtain actual BVD parameters of the transducer;
s7, designing secondary inductance of the transformer at the parallel resonance frequency;
s8, calculating the turn ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer；
S9, after the parameters of the transformer are obtained, a matching circuit of the transformer and the inductance and the capacitance is constructed;
s10, obtaining inductanceAnd capacitance->Is a parameter of (a).
In step S2, the frequency and admittance are imported using MATLABElectric conduction->And susceptance->Comprising:
frequency and admittance of excel table are respectively read by using xlsread function of MATLABElectric conduction->And susceptance->Data, and stored in arrays num1, num2, num3, and num4; the 4 groups were named +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Selecting the read data points to include a series resonant frequency and a parallel resonant frequency;
determining an arrayThe conductance Gdata and susceptance Bdata corresponding to the maximum value in the series resonance frequency Xdata, and then determining the array +.>The parallel resonant frequency Xdata2 corresponding to the minimum value of (2).
In step S5, a non-linear fit is performed using the single BVD model and a set of BVD parameter values is obtained, comprising: variable using the nlinfit function of MATLABFitting with model mymodel, storing the result into array +.>In (1) to obtain；
The fitting process expression is:
；
in the arrayTo get->Initial value, array->For the corresponding frequency, array->For the corresponding measured admittance +.>For single resonance of the transducerBVDModel (S)>Is thatMATLABA non-linear fit function is provided that,for storing +.>Fitting an array of results;
in step S6, the transducer comprisesGroup resonance, performing multiple steps S2-S5 to obtain +.>A set of BVD parameters; performing secondary fitting on BVD parameters, and performing +.>Static capacitance in group BVD parameters +.>Adding, for the equivalent transducer the actual static capacitance +.>。
In step S7, designing the secondary inductance of the transformer includes:
the secondary inductance of the transformer is calculated as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the resistance of the transducer at the parallel resonance frequency, < >>For the reactance of the transducer at the parallel resonant frequency, < >>For the parallel resonant frequency of the transducer>Is the secondary inductance of the transformer.
In step S8, the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer is calculatedFor the piezoelectric ceramic and piezoelectric composite material, the calculation formula is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer, < >>For the impedance of the transducer at the series resonance frequency, < >>Is the internal resistance of the signal source;
for a relaxed ferroelectric single crystal, the calculation formula is:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,is the output voltage of the power amplifier in +.>；/>The maximum electric field to which the driving material of the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal transducer is subjected is expressed in +.>；/>The dimension in the direction of the applied voltage to the single crystal is +.>。
In step S9, a matching circuit of the transformer and the inductance-capacitance is constructed, including:
after the matching circuit of the transformer and the inductance and the capacitance is added, the total input impedance is as follows:
；
；
；
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer, < >>Inductance for LC tuning circuit, +.>For the capacitance of the LC tuning circuit, +.>For angular frequency +.>，/>For the number of resonance peaks, +.>After adding the matching circuit of the transformer and the inductance capacitance, the total input impedance is +.>Impedance for a single series arm of the transducer (i.e. impedance when the single BVD model does not contain static capacitance),>for N sets of resonances, the impedance of the total series branch of the transducer,>for transducer static capacitance->And transformer secondary inductance->Impedance of->Is->Dynamic inductance at group resonance +.>Is->Dynamic capacitance at group resonance, +.>As an imaginary part thereof,is->Dynamic resistance at group resonance, +.>For transducer->Impedance of the series branch of the group,/->Is the secondary inductance of the transformer,is the static capacitance of the transducer.
In step S10, an inductance is obtainedAnd capacitance->Comprises the following parameters:
inductance pair using MATLABAnd capacitance->Traversing, total input impedance +.>Is limited by the phase of the matching frequency band and inductance/capacitance>Is limited by the phase angle>Parameter->Brings in the total input impedance one by one>In, when in the matched frequency band +.>Are all less than +.>Time parameter->Meets the requirements.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical matching circuit for a transceiver underwater acoustic transducer, the circuit is implemented by the electrical matching and acoustic performance and power factor improving method of the underwater acoustic transducer, the circuit includes: transformer and inductorAnd capacitance->；
Wherein the secondary inductance of the transformer is used to adjust the phase angle at the parallel resonant frequency of the transducers to 0 °;
turns ratio between secondary and primary of transformerThe impedance of the transducer is reduced so as to be close to the internal resistance of the signal source;
inductanceAnd capacitance->For transducingThe phase of the device is limited.
Further, the secondary side of the transformer is connected with the transducer in parallel, and the inductorCapacitance->Is connected in series with the primary side of the transformer.
Further, the hydroacoustic transducer driving material is one or more of a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal, a textured ceramic, a polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramic, or a piezoelectric composite material.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the invention also considers the impedance matching and the phase tuning of the transducer, adjusts the impedance of the transducer to be close to the output impedance of the signal source in a broadband range, and simultaneously performs broadband tuning on the transducer. Because the phase angle of the transducer at the parallel resonance frequency is usually much smaller than 0 DEG, the phase angle of the parallel resonance frequency can be close to 0 DEG by using the method, thereby effectively reducing the static capacitanceThe influence on the insertion loss is improved, and meanwhile, the power factor of the transducer is improved, so that the stability of an acoustic system and the service life of the transducer are improved.
The invention ensures that the receiving sensitivity does not generate larger change while the transmitting performance of the transducer is obviously improved, thereby ensuring the improvement of the amplitude of the insertion loss. The invention introduces the LC tuning circuit, limits the phase of the transducer in a broadband range, can effectively improve the power factor of the transducer, improves the stability of an acoustic system and the service life of the transducer, is suitable for a transceiver integrated transducer, is beneficial to realizing the multi-mode coupling of the transducer and improves the bandwidth of the transducer.
As inventive supplementary evidence of the claims of the present invention, the following important aspects are also presented: the invention can solve the problems of limited bandwidth, low resolution and high power consumption in the fields of small UVs and the like. Meanwhile, the device is simple to manufacture, low in cost and capable of being widely applied to the field of underwater acoustic transducers. The invention fully considers the acoustic performance and the electrical performance of the transceiver integrated transducer, and selects the design of electric matching at the parallel resonance frequency instead of the traditional design of electric matching at the series resonance frequency. The invention can well solve the problems of limited bandwidth, low resolution and high power consumption in the current small UVs field.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure;
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for improving electrical matching and acoustic performance and power factor of an underwater acoustic transducer provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a matching circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is a tuning circuit of a transformer and an inductor capacitor;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining a parameter L, C according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prototype of a PZN-5.5% PT single crystal transducer provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the prototype being made of two parts, including 1 PZN-5.5% PT single crystal and 1 rear mass;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a matching circuit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing insertion loss before and after electrical matching provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the power factor contrast before and after electrical matching provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a typical BVD model of a transducer provided by the prior art, consisting of static capacitanceDynamic resistance->Dynamic inductance->Dynamic capacitance->Is composed of;
FIG. 9 shows a prior art transformer added to resonate with the transducer at the series resonant frequency to eliminate static capacitanceThe resultant reactance component is adjusted simultaneously by adjusting the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer>Schematic diagram of adjusting transducer impedance to near the internal resistance of the signal source.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is therefore not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The innovation point of the invention is that: the design idea of the secondary inductance of the transformer is as follows: the phase of the transducer at the parallel resonant frequency is adjusted to 0 degrees instead of eliminating static capacitance at the series resonant frequency in the pastThe resulting reactance component. The design objective is to optimize the receiving performance of the transducer while limiting reactive power. Turns ratio between secondary and primary of transformer>The design of the piezoelectric ceramic fully considers the material characteristics of the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal and the piezoelectric ceramic, and corresponding calculation formulas are selected according to different materials. To achieve broadband tuning of the transducer, the present invention is designed +.>Circuit versus transducer broadband rangeThe phase of the surrounding transducer is optimized.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for improving the electrical matching and acoustic performance and the power factor of the underwater acoustic transducer provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring impedance in working frequency band of transducer by using impedance analyzerAnd phase->Converting the obtained data into admittance +.>Electric conduction->With susceptance->And respectively storing the data into an excel table;
s2, introducing frequency and admittance by using MATLABElectric conduction->And susceptance->Data of (2);
s3, constructing a transducer single resonance BVD model;
wherein admittance isThe expression of (2) is:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for admittance->，/>For angular frequency +.>Is static capacitance>For dynamic resistance +.>For dynamic inductance->Is a dynamic capacitance;
s4, calculating at the series and parallel resonant frequencies respectivelyIs set to an initial value of (1);
s5, performing nonlinear fitting by using a single BVD model, and obtaining a group of BVD parameter values;
s6, performing secondary fitting by using BVD parameter values to obtain actual BVD parameters of the transducer;
s7, designing secondary inductance of the transformer at the parallel resonance frequency;
s8, calculating the turn ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer；
S9, after the parameters of the transformer are obtained, a matching circuit of the transformer and the inductance and the capacitance is constructed;
s10, obtaining inductanceAnd capacitance->Is a parameter of (a).
Preferably, the method for improving the electrical matching and acoustic performance and the power factor of the underwater acoustic transducer provided by the embodiment of the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: measuring impedance within an operating frequency band of a transducer using an impedance analyzerAnd phase->The data obtained are converted into admittance +.>Electric conduction->With susceptance->And stores the frequency, admittance, conductance and susceptance into four columns of excel table A, B, C, D, respectively.
The calculation formulas of admittance Y, conductance G and susceptance B are as follows:
；
；
；
step 2: the frequency, admittance, conductance, susceptance data in step 1 were imported using MATLAB, and the implementation procedure is described as follows:
frequency and admittance of excel table in step 1 are respectively read by using xlsread function of MATLABElectric conduction->SusceptanceData exist in arrays num1, num2, num3, num4, and then 4 arrays are named +.>。
In selecting the data points to be read, one series resonant frequency and one parallel resonant frequency should be included.
MATLAB script is as follows:
[ num1] = xlsread ('memory address of excel table', 'before a series resonance point: after a parallel resonance point');
x=num 1;% frequency
[ num2] = xlsread ('memory address of excel table', 'before B series resonance point: after B parallel resonance point');
y1=num 2;% admittance
[ num3] = xlsread ('memory address of excel table', 'before C series resonance point: after C parallel resonance point');
g=num 3%
[ num4] = xlsread ('memory address of excel table', 'before D series resonance point: after D parallel resonance point');
b=num 4;%
Step 3: a transducer single resonance BVD model was constructed, the model construction described below:
1) The single resonance BVD admittance of the transducer is formulated as follows:
；
2) The formula in 1) is expressed using the inline function in MATLAB and the result is named mymodel.
MATLAB script is as follows:
mymodel=inline('abs(1i*2*pi*x.*a(1)+1./(a(3)+1i*2*pi*x.*a(4)+1./(1i*2*pi*x.*a(2))))','a','x');
wherein a (1), a (2), a (3) and a (4) respectively represent。
Step 4: respectively calculating the series and parallel resonant frequenciesThe specific steps are as follows:
first, the conductance Gdata and susceptance Bdata corresponding to the maximum value in the array y1 are found, and the series resonance frequency Xdata.
Then, the parallel resonant frequency Xdata2 corresponding to the minimum value in the array y1 is found.
The initial values were calculated as follows:
initial value:；
the pseudo code is as follows:
index=find(y1==max(y1));
xdata=x (index);% series resonant frequency
index2=find(y1==min(y1(index:len)));
xdata 2=x (index 2);% parallel resonant frequency
Gdata=G (index);% conductance at series resonant frequency
Bdata=b (index);% susceptance at the series resonant frequency
R=1/Gdata % R 1 Initial value
C0=Bdata/(2*pi*xdata) %C 0 Initial value
C1=C0*(((2*pi*xdata2)/(2*pi*xdata))^2-1) % C 1 Initial value
L1=1/((2*pi*xdata)^2*C1) % L 1 Initial value
Step 5: a non-linear fit was performed using a single BVD model and a set of BVD parameter values was obtained.
Description of: fitting of variable y1 (admittance) and model mymodel (formula of admittance) is performed using MATLAB's own nlinfit function, and the result is stored in array a0, the purpose of the fitting being to get near real data。
a0=[C0 C1 R1 L1]
a=nlinfit(x,y1,mymodel,a0);
Step 6: the parameters obtained using the single BVD model are subjected to a second fit to obtain actual BVD parameters of the transducer, and the process is described as follows:
the transducer comprises N groups of resonances, N steps 2-5 are performed to obtain N groups of BVD parameters, then the obtained BVD parameters are subjected to secondary fitting (the mode is the same as that of the steps 2-5), and static capacitances in the N groups of BVD parameters obtained by the secondary fitting result are added to be used for equivalent actual static capacitances of the transducer。
Step 7: to eliminate static capacitance at parallel resonant frequencyTherefore, the receiving sensitivity and the power factor of the transducer are improved, and the design of the secondary inductance of the transformer is carried out at the parallel resonance frequency, and the calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein,the resistance and reactance of the transducer at the parallel resonant frequency, respectively,/->Is the parallel resonant frequency of the transducer.
Step 8: turns ratio between secondary and primary of transformerIs calculated by the computer.
To reduce the impedance of the transducer to approximately the internal resistance of the signal source, thereby improving the energy transfer efficiency between the signal source and the transducer, thus providing a turns ratio between the secondary and primary stages of the transformerAnd (5) designing. For pressElectroceramic, piezocomposite material, < >>The impedance at the series resonant frequency is determined as follows:
；
wherein,is the impedance of the transducer at the series resonant frequency, < >>Is 50 omega internal resistance of signal source (turns ratio of signal source end is 1, turns ratio of transducer end is +.>）。
In order to reduce the impedance of the transducer to approximately the internal resistance of the signal source, the energy transfer efficiency between the signal source and the transducer is improved. Thus the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformerAnd (5) designing. For a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal, ">The parameters of the monocrystalline materials and the actual test conditions are fully considered, and the calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein,for the output voltage of the power amplifier, +.>The maximum electric field that can be sustained by the single crystal,the voltage direction dimension was applied to the single crystal (the turns ratio of the signal source terminal was 1, the turns ratio of the transducer terminal was +.>）。
Because of limited voltage withstand value of the relaxation ferroelectric single crystal, the hyperpolarization of the single crystal can be caused by the excessive voltage, so the turns ratio between the secondary and the primary of the transformerThe design should be made taking into account the actual conditions.
Step 9: after the parameters of the transformer are obtained, a matching circuit of the transformer and the inductance and capacitance is constructed, the matching circuit structure is shown in fig. 2, when the transformer and the inductance and capacitance circuit are not applied, the transducer is electrically described, and the impedance of a single serial branch of the transducer is as follows:
；
thus, when the transducer comprisesAt group resonance, the transducers are described electrically, with the total series-arm impedance being:
；
after adding the transformer and the inductance-capacitance circuit, the total input impedance becomes：
；
Wherein,，/>represents the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer, < >>For angular frequency +.>Represents the secondary side inductance, C 0 For transducer static capacitance>And->Respectively represent->Inductance and capacitance of tuning circuit, < >>Is imaginary.
Description of total input impedance to subsequent inductance after transducer introduction into the present electrical matching methodCapacitance->The acquisition of parameters is important, and the purpose of the combined use of the above formulas is to obtain the initial calculation formula +.>。
Step 10: inductanceCapacitance->And (5) acquiring parameters.
First, according to step 9, the total input impedance is constructedThen according to the actual selection of the matching frequency band, the limiting value +.>And inductance->And capacitance->Is to add inductance to>And capacitance->Brings in the total input impedance one by one>In (1) judging->Whether the phase angle is within the matching frequency band +.>If the condition is satisfied, ending, otherwise continuing to perform the inductance +.>And capacitance->The other parameters are judged, and the flow chart is shown in fig. 3.
The associated pseudocode is as follows: when the transducer has 3 sets of resonances, the series impedances are respectively represented as；
for m=1:length(C)
C5=C(m);
for n=1:length(L)
L5=L(n);
for k=1:length(w)
Z1(k)=(i*w(k)*C1*R1-w(k)^2*L1*C1+1)/(j*w(k)*C1);
Z2(k)=(i*w(k)*C2*R2-w(k)^2*L2*C2+1)/(j*w(k)*C2);
Z3(k)=(i*w(k)*C3*R3-w(k)^2*L3*C3+1)/(j*w(k)*C3);
Z1(k)=Z1(k)*Z2(k)*Z3(k)/((Z1(k)+Z2(k))*Z3(k)+Z1(k)*Z2(k));
Zp(k)=j*w(k)*Lt/(1-w(k)^2*Lt*C0);
Z11(k)=Z1(k)*Zp(k)*N^2/(Z1(k)+Zp(k));
Zf(k)=(1-w(k)^2*L5*C5)/(i*w(k)*C5);
ZT(k)=Z11(k)+Zf(k);
mag(k)=abs(ZT(k));
ph(k)=rad2deg(phase(ZT(k)));
if ph(k)>α|ph(k)<-α&k~=length(w)
break;
end
end
end
End
Further defined, the method is applicable to square piezoelectric ceramics, relaxation ferroelectric single crystals and piezoelectric composite materials, and is not applicable to disc-type piezoelectric materials.
The application example process comprises the following steps: using the square piezoelectric ceramic, relaxor ferroelectric single crystal or piezoelectric composite material, the frequency, admittance, conductance, susceptance are obtained according to step 1, then the transducer BVD parameters are obtained according to steps 2-6, then the transformer is designed according to steps 7-8, then the inductance is obtained according to steps 9-10And capacitance->And parameters, finally, a circuit is manufactured and connected in parallel with the two poles of the power supply of the transducer.
Example 1, FIG. 4 shows a prototype of a PZN-5.5% PT single crystal transducer, consisting of two parts, containing 1 piece of PZN-5.5% PT single crystal, and 1 piece of rear mass. The lead is connected with the monocrystal through conductive silver paste, and the monocrystal is connected with the rear mass block through epoxy resin. The electrical matching method of the PZN-5.5%PT single crystal transducer of the embodiment of the invention is carried out according to the following steps to realize the electrical matching of 150kHz-200 kHz:
step 1: impedance analyzer was used to measure the impedance and phase curves of PZN-5.5% PT single crystal transducers. The obtained data were calculated as admittance, conductance and susceptance according to the following formulas and stored in an excel table.
From impedance Z and phase angleThe corresponding admittances (Y), conductance (G) and susceptances (B) were calculated:
；
；
；
wherein,and->The impedance and the phase measured by the impedance analyzer.
Step 2: using MATLAB to open the excel table memory address in step 1, the data point range is selected to include one series resonance and parallel resonance to obtain frequency, admittance, conductance and susceptance data.
MATLAB script is as follows:
[num1]=xlsread('C:\Users\DW\Desktop\z.csv','A2:A95') ;
x=num 1;% frequency
[num2]= xlsread('C:\Users\DW\Desktop\z.csv','B2:B95') ;
y1=num 2;% admittance
[num3]= xlsread('C:\Users\DW\Desktop\z.csv','C2:C95') ;
G=num 3%
[num4]= xlsread('C:\Users\DW\Desktop\z.csv','D2:D95') ;
B=num 4;%
Step 3: a transducer single resonance BVD model is constructed with the following admittance formula:
；
the corresponding MATLAB script is as follows:
mymodel=inline('abs(1i*2*pi*x.*a(1)+1./(a(3)+1i*2*pi*x.*a(4)+1./(1i*2*pi*x.*a(2))))','a','x');
wherein a (1), a (2), a (3) and a (4) respectively represent。
Step 4: respectively calculating the series and parallel resonant frequenciesIs set to the initial value of (1): the formula is as follows:
；
the corresponding MATLAB script is as follows:
index=find(y1==max(y1));
xdata=x (index);% series resonant frequency
index2=find(y1==min(y1(index:len)));
xdata 2=x (index 2);% parallel resonant frequency
Gdata=G (index);% conductance at series resonant frequency
Bdata=b (index);% susceptance at the series resonant frequency
R=1/Gdata % R 1 Initial value
C0=Bdata/(2*pi*xdata) %C 0 Initial value
C1=C0*(((2*pi*xdata2)/(2*pi*xdata))^2-1) % C 1 Initial value
L1=1/((2*pi*xdata)^2*C1) % L 1 Initial value
Step 5: a single BVD model is fitted non-linearly and a set of BVD parameter values is obtained:
a0=[C0 C1 R1 L1]
a= nlinfit(x,y1,mymodel,a0);
C0=4.7627×10 -10 F 、C1= 7.2865×10 -11 F 、R1= 2.0826×10 3 Ω、L1= 1.4592×10 -2 H
step 6: the transducer contains 3 sets of resonances and 3 steps 2 are required to be performed to obtain 3 sets of BVD parameters, which are then fitted twice. The static capacitances in the N groups of BVD parameters of the secondary fitting result are added to be used for equivalent to the actual static capacitance of the transducer。
Step 7: the secondary inductance of the transformer is determined at the parallel resonant frequency, and the calculation formula is as follows:
；
wherein,the resistance and reactance of the transducer at the parallel resonant frequency, respectively,/->Is the parallel resonant frequency of the transducer.
Step 8: since the transducer used was made of PZN-5.5% pt single crystal and the actual parameters and experimental conditions of the single crystal are shown in table 1, the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer n=2;
；
wherein,for the output voltage of the power amplifier, +.>The maximum electric field that can be sustained by the single crystal,the voltage direction dimension is applied to the single crystal.
Table 1 actual parameters and experimental conditions of single crystals:
；
step 9: after the parameters of the transformer are obtained, a transformer and an inductance-capacitance circuit are constructed to tune the transducer, the structure of the matching circuit is shown in figure 5, and when the transformer and the inductance-capacitance circuit are not applied, the impedance of a single serial branch of the transducer is
；
The transducer in this case comprises three sets of resonances, electrically describing the transducer, whose total series-arm impedance is:
；
after adding the transformer and the inductance-capacitance circuit, the total input impedance becomes:
；
wherein,，/>represents the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer, < >>For angular frequency +.>Representing the secondary side inductance>For transducer static capacitance>And->Respectively represent->Inductance and capacitance of tuning circuit, < >>Is imaginary.
Step 10: input in MATLAB total input impedance in step 9Wherein the transducer parameters are obtained by fitting the results in step 6, and the transformer parameters are obtained by steps 7 and 8. The phase limit is limited to +/-40 degrees, and the parameter L, C is obtained by MATLAB traversal so that the total input phase is limited to +/-40 degrees, and the inductance L and the capacitance C are respectively 1.18mH and 1.31nF.
for m=1:length(C)
C5=C(m);
for n=1:length(L)
L5=L(n);
for k=1:length(w)
Z1(k)=(i*w(k)*C1*R1-w(k)^2*L1*C1+1)/(j*w(k)*C1);
Z2(k)=(i*w(k)*C2*R2-w(k)^2*L2*C2+1)/(j*w(k)*C2);
Z3(k)=(i*w(k)*C3*R3-w(k)^2*L3*C3+1)/(j*w(k)*C3);
Z1(k)=Z1(k)*Z2(k)*Z3(k)/((Z1(k)+Z2(k))*Z3(k)+Z1(k)*Z2(k));
Zp(k)=j*w(k)*Lt/(1-w(k)^2*Lt*C0);
Z11(k)=Z1(k)*Zp(k)*N^2/(Z1(k)+Zp(k));
Zf(k)=(1-w(k)^2*L5*C5)/(i*w(k)*C5);
ZT(k)=Z11(k)+Zf(k);
mag(k)=abs(ZT(k));
ph(k)=rad2deg(phase(ZT(k)));
if ph(k)>40|ph(k)<-40&k~=length(w)
break;
end
end
end
end
Step 11: the interpolation loss and power factor pairs of the transducers before and after electrical matching are shown in fig. 6 and 7, and the bandwidth pairs are shown in table 2.
Table 2 bandwidth contrast of transducers before and after electrical matching:
；
the comparison result shows that the power factor of the matched transducer is obviously improved within the range of 170kHz-200kHz, the peak value of the insertion loss is improved by about 4dB, and the fractional bandwidth is improved by about 14.1%.
Further defined, the method is applicable to square piezoelectric ceramics, relaxed ferroelectric single crystals and piezoelectric composites. Is not suitable for disc-type piezoelectric materials.
The application example process comprises the following steps: and (3) obtaining frequency, admittance, conductance and susceptance according to the step (1), obtaining the BVD parameters of the transducer according to the step (2-6), designing a transformer according to the step (7-8), obtaining L, C parameters according to the step (9-10), and finally manufacturing a circuit which is connected in parallel with the two poles of the power supply of the transducer.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the embodiments are emphasized, and in part, not described or illustrated in any particular embodiment, reference is made to the related descriptions of other embodiments.
The content of the information interaction and the execution process between the devices/units and the like is based on the same conception as the method embodiment of the present invention, and specific functions and technical effects brought by the content can be referred to in the method embodiment section, and will not be described herein.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, only the above-described division of the functional units and modules is illustrated, and in practical application, the above-described functional distribution may be performed by different functional units and modules according to needs, i.e. the internal structure of the apparatus is divided into different functional units or modules to perform all or part of the above-described functions. The functional units and modules in the embodiment may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit, where the integrated units may be implemented in a form of hardware or a form of a software functional unit. In addition, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for distinguishing from each other, and are not used for limiting the protection scope of the present invention. For specific working processes of the units and modules in the system, reference may be made to corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments.
According to an embodiment of the present application, the present invention also provides a computer apparatus, including: at least one processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the at least one processor, which when executed by the processor performs the steps of any of the various method embodiments described above.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the steps of the respective method embodiments described above.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an information data processing terminal, which is used for providing a user input interface to implement the steps in the method embodiments when being implemented on an electronic device, and the information data processing terminal is not limited to a mobile phone, a computer and a switch.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a server, which is used for realizing the steps in the method embodiments when being executed on the electronic device and providing a user input interface.
The integrated units, if implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as stand-alone products, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the present application implements all or part of the flow of the method of the above embodiments, and may be implemented by a computer program to instruct related hardware, where the computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, where the computer program, when executed by a processor, may implement the steps of each of the method embodiments described above. Wherein the computer program comprises computer program code which may be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form etc. The computer readable medium may include at least: any entity or device capable of carrying computer program code to a photographing device/terminal apparatus, recording medium, computer Memory, read-Only Memory (ROM), random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunications signals, and software distribution media. Such as a U-disk, removable hard disk, magnetic or optical disk, etc.
While the invention has been described with respect to what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for improving the electrical matching, acoustic performance and power factor of the underwater acoustic transducer is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, measuring impedance in working frequency band of transducer by using impedance analyzerAnd phase->Converting the obtained data into admittance +.>Electric conduction->With susceptance->And respectively storing the data into an excel table;
s2, introducing frequency and admittance by using MATLABElectric conduction->And susceptance->Data of (2);
s3, constructing a transducer single resonance BVD model;
wherein admittance isThe expression of (2) is:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for admittance->，/>In order to be of an angular frequency,/>is static capacitance>For dynamic resistance +.>In order to be a dynamic inductance,is a dynamic capacitance;
s4, calculating at the series and parallel resonant frequencies respectivelyIs set to an initial value of (1);
s5, performing nonlinear fitting by using a single BVD model, and obtaining a group of BVD parameter values;
s6, performing secondary fitting by using BVD parameter values to obtain actual BVD parameters of the transducer;
s7, designing secondary inductance of the transformer at the parallel resonance frequency;
s8, calculating the turn ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer；
S9, after the parameters of the transformer are obtained, a matching circuit of the transformer and the inductance and the capacitance is constructed;
s10, obtaining inductanceAnd capacitance->Is a parameter of (a).
2. The method for improving electrical matching and acoustic performance and power factor of an underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein, in step S2,introduction of frequency, admittance using MATLABElectric conduction->And susceptance->Comprising:
frequency and admittance of excel table are respectively read by using xlsread function of MATLABElectric conduction->And susceptance->Data, and stored in arrays num1, num2, num3, and num4; the 4 groups were named +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Selecting the read data points to include a series resonant frequency and a parallel resonant frequency;
determining an arrayThe conductance Gdata and susceptance Bdata corresponding to the maximum value in the series resonance frequency Xdata, and then determining the array +.>The parallel resonant frequency Xdata2 corresponding to the minimum value of (2).
3. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S5, performing a nonlinear fit using a single BVD model and obtaining a set of BVD parameter values comprises: make the following stepsVariable with the nlinfit function of MATLABFitting with model mymodel, storing the result into array +.>In (1) to obtain；
The fitting process expression is:
；
in the arrayTo get->Initial value, array->For the corresponding frequency, array->For the corresponding measured admittance +.>For single resonance of the transducerBVDModel (S)>Is thatMATLABNonlinear fitting function>For storing +.>Fitting the resultAn array;
in step S6, the transducer comprisesGroup resonance, performing multiple steps S2-S5 to obtain +.>A set of BVD parameters; performing secondary fitting on BVD parameters, and performing +.>Static capacitance in group BVD parameters +.>Adding, for the equivalent transducer the actual static capacitance +.>。
4. The method for improving electrical matching and acoustic performance and power factor of an underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein in step S7, designing secondary inductance of a transformer is performed, comprising:
the secondary inductance of the transformer is calculated as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the resistance of the transducer at the parallel resonance frequency, < >>For the reactance of the transducer at the parallel resonant frequency,for the parallel resonant frequency of the transducers,/>is the secondary inductance of the transformer.
5. The method for improving electrical matching and acoustic performance and power factor of an underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein in step S8, the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer is calculatedFor the piezoelectric ceramic and piezoelectric composite material, the calculation formula is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer, < >>For the impedance of the transducer at the series resonance frequency, < >>Is the internal resistance of the signal source;
for a relaxed ferroelectric single crystal, the calculation formula is:
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the output voltage of the power amplifier, +.>Maximum electric field to which the driving material is subjected for a relaxation ferroelectric single crystal transducer, +.>The voltage direction dimension is applied to the single crystal.
6. The method for improving electrical matching and acoustic performance and power factor of an underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein in step S9, a matching circuit of a transformer and an inductance-capacitance is constructed, comprising:
after the matching circuit of the transformer and the inductance and the capacitance is added, the total input impedance is as follows:
；
；
；
；
in the method, in the process of the invention,for the turns ratio between the secondary and primary of the transformer, < >>Inductance for LC tuning circuit, +.>For the capacitance of the LC tuning circuit, +.>For angular frequency +.>，/>For the number of resonance peaks, +.>After adding the matching circuit of the transformer and the inductance capacitance, the total input impedance is +.>Impedance for a single series branch of transducers, +.>For N sets of resonances, the impedance of the total series branch of the transducer,>for transducer static capacitance->And transformer secondary inductance->Impedance of->Is->Dynamic inductance at group resonance +.>Is->Dynamic capacitance at group resonance, +.>For imaginary part, < ->Is->Dynamic resistance at group resonance, +.>For transducer->Impedance of the series branch of the group,/->For the secondary inductance of the transformer, ">Is the static capacitance of the transducer.
7. The method for improving electrical matching and acoustic performance and power factor of an underwater acoustic transducer according to claim 1, wherein in step S10, an inductance is obtainedAnd capacitance->Comprises the following parameters:
inductance pair using MATLABAnd capacitance->Traversing, total input impedance +.>Is limited by the phase of the matching frequency band and inductance/capacitance>Is limited by the phase angle>Parameter->Brings in the total input impedance one by one>In, when in the matched frequency band +.>Are all less than +.>Time parameter->Meets the requirements.
8. An electric matching circuit of a transceiver underwater acoustic transducer, which is characterized in that the circuit is realized by the electric matching and acoustic performance and power factor improving method of the underwater acoustic transducer according to any one of claims 1-7, and the circuit comprises: transformer and inductorAnd capacitance->；
Wherein the secondary inductance of the transformer is used to adjust the phase angle at the parallel resonant frequency of the transducers to 0 °;
turns ratio between secondary and primary of transformerThe impedance of the transducer is reduced so as to be close to the internal resistance of the signal source;
inductanceAnd capacitance->For limiting the phase of the transducer.
9. The electrical matching circuit of a transceiver underwater acoustic transducer of claim 8 wherein the secondary side of the transformer is connected in parallel with the transducer, an inductanceCapacitance->Is connected in series with the primary side of the transformer.
10. The electrical matching circuit of a transceiver hydroacoustic transducer of claim 8, wherein the hydroacoustic transducer driving material is one or more of a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal, a textured ceramic, a polycrystalline piezoelectric ceramic, or a piezoelectric composite.
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