CN117374899B - DC power grid feed-in protection device with lightning protection function - Google Patents
DC power grid feed-in protection device with lightning protection function Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a DC power grid feed-in protection device with a lightning protection function, which comprises: the anti-lightning protection device comprises a direct-current one-way valve group, a reverse-conduction feed-in switch lightning protection component, a positive electrode grounding metal oxide lightning arrester, a main contactor, an isolating switch and a current detection device, wherein the reverse-conduction type lightning protection component comprises a diode valve group and a piezoresistor. When the feed-in protection device works normally, the diode of the lightning protection component is in a cut-off state, and reversely bears steady-state direct-current voltage, and the piezoresistor bears high-frequency ripple voltage; when the reverse polarity lightning wave arrives, the diode in the lightning protection component is in a conducting state, so that the stable operation of the power grid is ensured. The invention provides a simple topological structure, which can enable the diode valve group to resist reverse polarity lightning waves without increasing the conduction loss of the diode valve group, thereby obviously reducing the system loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power systems, in particular to a feed-in protection device of a direct-current power grid with a lightning protection function.
Background
In recent years, with the promotion of industrial transformation in China, renewable energy sources such as hydropower, wind power, photovoltaic and the like occupy more and more important positions. The characteristics of randomness, intermittence and the like of the photovoltaic power and the wind power are easy to negatively influence the stability of a traditional alternating current power distribution system, and the quality and the utilization efficiency of electric energy are reduced. In addition, the appearance of novel direct current load, such as large-scale data center, electric automobile and intelligent house, has put forward higher requirement to the reliability and the flexibility of distribution network.
The medium voltage direct current power grid is a direct current power grid with rated voltage between 5 kilovolts (kV) and 60 kV, and typical voltage is 20kV, and is mainly used for medium-scale power transmission so as to meet the power requirement of regional load. Because the medium-voltage direct-current power grid mainly runs in the field and remote suburban areas, the medium-voltage direct-current power grid is easy to be interfered by extreme weather conditions, such as heavy rain, strong lightning and the like. Therefore, it is a key challenge to ensure that the grid is still operating stably in extreme climates, reducing the risk of grid faults, to ensure the reliability of the load power usage.
The investigation finds that the medium voltage direct current power grid can adopt various devices for protection, mainly comprising: hybrid dc circuit breakers, mechanical dc circuit breakers, power electronic dc circuit breakers, and backstop feed-in protection switches.
The mechanical direct current breaker is common and extremely cost-effective equipment, has very excellent reliability, but has poor breaking capacity of short-circuit current and longer breaking time, and is generally applied to circuit nodes without rapidly breaking the short-circuit current.
The power electronic type direct current circuit breaker can provide extremely high breaking speed and good short circuit breaking capacity, but has higher manufacturing cost and higher loss.
The hybrid direct current breaker combines the characteristics of a mechanical type breaker and an electric power electronic type breaker, has stronger short-circuit current breaking capacity and smaller working loss, but has slower action speed and high manufacturing cost.
The non-return feed-in protection switch is a better protection device for the branch of the power inflow direct-current power grid, and has lower cost, lower loss and quick short-circuit current breaking capacity. However, the diode is used as a protection device, when lightning waves arrive, the diode is easily damaged by higher transient voltage, and the conduction loss and the equipment cost can be greatly increased by increasing the number of diodes connected in series to improve the lightning protection capability.
Typically, the residual voltage of the varistor-type arrester adopted by the system is more than 2 times of the rated voltage, so in order to cope with such high residual voltage, if the lightning protection capability is improved by increasing the number of diodes connected in series, the number of diodes connected in series will need to be increased by more than 2 times as much as the original, but this inevitably results in a significant increase in the conduction loss of the diodes in operation. The feed-in protection device of the direct current power grid for improving the lightning protection capability by increasing the number of diodes is shown in fig. 4.
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention describes a reverse-conduction lightning protection type direct current power grid feed-in protection device, so that a diode valve group can resist reverse polarity lightning waves without increasing the conduction loss of the diode valve group, the system loss can be obviously reduced, and the system efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a direct current power grid feed-in protection device with a lightning protection function, which is characterized in that: the utility model provides a feed-in protection device with lightning protection function, its characterized in that includes direct current check valve group, contrary conduction formula feed-in switch lightning protection subassembly, positive negative pole earthing metal oxide arrester, main contactor, isolator, current detection device, voltage detection device, radiator fan, wherein: the disconnectors generally include a line-side disconnector and a bus-side disconnector.
As a further technical scheme, the topological structure of the reverse conduction type feed-in switch lightning protection component comprises a lightning protection valve group and a piezoresistor which are connected in series; the lightning protection valve bank comprises two groups of diode valve banks; the diode valve group is formed by connecting diodes in series; the diode is connected with a static voltage equalizing circuit and a dynamic voltage equalizing circuit in parallel; the static voltage equalizing circuit is generally a voltage equalizing resistor; the dynamic voltage equalizing circuit is generally a resistor-capacitor series circuit; and the piezoresistor is connected with a static equalizing resistor in parallel.
As a further technical scheme, the reverse-conduction feed-in switch lightning protection component is arranged between a positive electrode and a negative electrode at the line side, the negative electrode of the reverse-conduction feed-in switch lightning protection component is connected with the positive electrode of the line, and the positive electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the line; the negative pole of contrary conduction formula feed-in switch lightning protection subassembly is: one end of the cathode of the diode valve group is connected.
As a further technical scheme, the reverse-conduction feed-in switch lightning protection component comprises an asymmetric topological structure and a symmetric topological structure; the symmetrical topological structure comprises a diode valve bank 1, a piezoresistor and a diode valve bank 2 which are connected in series; the connection form of the symmetrical topological structure is as follows: the anode of the diode valve bank 1 and the cathode of the diode valve bank 2 are respectively connected to two sides of the piezoresistor, the cathode of the diode valve bank 1 is connected with the positive electrode of the circuit, and the anode of the diode valve bank 2 is connected with the negative electrode of the circuit.
When the reverse polarity lightning wave arrives, the diode in the reverse conduction type feed-in switch lightning protection component is conducted, so that the main diode valve group of the feed-in protection switch is not subjected to reverse voltage, and the specific physical process is as follows:
case 1: when positive polarity lightning wave hits the negative electrode line, lightning current flows into the anode of the diode valve bank connected with the negative electrode, flows into the anode of the diode of the positive one-way valve bank from the cathode of the lightning protection valve bank through the piezoresistor connected with the lightning protection valve bank in series, is injected into the positive electrode of the power grid from the cathode of the diode of the positive one-way valve bank, and is discharged to the ground through the metal oxide lightning arrester of the positive electrode. In the process, the diodes of the lightning protection diode valve bank and the positive one-way valve bank are positively conducted, and the reverse cut-off voltage born by the negative one-way valve bank is the sum of the power grid voltage, the forward conduction voltage drop of the lightning protection valve bank, the forward conduction voltage drop of the positive one-way valve bank and the residual voltage of the piezoresistor, which is only slightly higher than the power grid voltage, but not much higher than the power grid voltage.
Case 2: when negative polarity lightning waves hit the positive electrode line, lightning current flows into the negative electrode of the power grid from the ground through the metal oxide lightning arrester of the negative electrode, then flows into the anode of the diode of the negative electrode one-way valve group from the negative electrode of the power grid, then flows into the anode of the diode of the lightning protection valve group from the cathode of the power grid, and flows into a lightning stroke point from the cathode of the lightning protection valve group through the piezoresistor connected in series with the lightning protection valve group. In the process, the diodes of the lightning protection diode valve bank and the negative electrode one-way valve bank are positively conducted, and the reverse cut-off voltage born by the positive electrode one-way valve bank is the sum of the power grid voltage, the forward conduction voltage drop of the lightning protection valve bank, the forward conduction voltage drop of the negative electrode one-way valve bank and the residual voltage of the piezoresistor, and is only slightly higher than the power grid voltage, but not much higher than the power grid voltage.
Case 3: when positive polarity lightning wave hits the positive electrode line, lightning current directly flows into the positive electrode of the power grid through the positive electrode one-way valve group, and is discharged to the ground through the metal oxide arrester of the positive electrode.
Case 4: when negative polarity lightning waves hit the negative electrode line, lightning current flows from the ground through the metal oxide arrester of the negative electrode into the negative electrode of the power grid, then flows from the negative electrode of the power grid into the anode of the negative electrode one-way valve group, and then flows from the cathode of the power grid into the lightning stroke point.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. The invention discloses a reverse-conduction lightning-protection type direct-current power grid feed-in protection system, which enables a diode valve bank to resist reverse-polarity lightning waves under the condition of not increasing the conduction loss of the diode valve bank, can obviously reduce the system loss and improve the system efficiency;
2. A simple topological structure is adopted, a diode is used for providing a current path for the reverse-polarity lightning wave, and meanwhile, a piezoresistor is used for bearing high-frequency ripple voltage;
3. and a simple topological structure is adopted, the number of diodes connected in series on the main current channel is small, the loss is small, and the cost performance is high.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1: the symmetrical topology of the feed-in protects the lightning protection system embodiment.
Fig. 2: the feed-in protection lightning protection system embodiment of asymmetric topology.
Fig. 3: an overall schematic diagram of a direct current power grid and an installation example of a feed-in protection lightning protection device.
Fig. 4: lightning protection measures are adopted in the medium-voltage direct-current power grid at present.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making apparent the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, wherein the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the descriptions thereof are for illustrating the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
The accompanying figure 1 shows the basic constitution of a feed-in protection device with a lightning protection function, which mainly comprises a direct current one-way valve group, a reverse conduction feed-in switch lightning protection component, a positive electrode grounding metal oxide lightning arrester, a main contactor, an isolating switch, a current detection device, a voltage detection device and a heat radiation fan, wherein: the disconnectors generally include a line-side disconnector and a bus-side disconnector.
The topological structure of the reverse-conduction type feed-in switch lightning protection component comprises: a lightning protection valve bank and a piezoresistor which are connected in series; the lightning protection valve bank comprises two groups of diode valve banks; the diode is connected with a static voltage equalizing circuit and a dynamic voltage equalizing circuit in parallel; the static voltage equalizing circuit is generally a voltage equalizing resistor; the dynamic voltage equalizing circuit is generally a resistor-capacitor series circuit; and the piezoresistor is connected with a static equalizing resistor in parallel.
As a further technical scheme, the reverse-conduction feed-in switch lightning protection component is arranged between a positive electrode and a negative electrode at the line side, the negative electrode of the reverse-conduction feed-in switch lightning protection component is connected with the positive electrode of the line, and the positive electrode is connected with the negative electrode of the line; the negative pole of contrary conduction formula feed-in switch lightning protection subassembly is: one end of the cathode of the diode valve group is connected.
As a further technical scheme, the reverse-conduction feed-in switch lightning protection component comprises an asymmetric topological structure and a symmetric topological structure; the symmetrical topological structure comprises a diode valve bank 1, a piezoresistor and a diode valve bank 2 which are connected in series; the connection form of the symmetrical topological structure is as follows: the anode of the diode valve bank 1 and the cathode of the diode valve bank 2 are respectively connected to two sides of the piezoresistor, the cathode of the diode valve bank 1 is connected with the positive pole of the circuit, and the positive pole of the diode valve bank 2 is connected with the negative pole of the circuit.
Fig. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a feed current protection lightning protection system of an asymmetric topology: the symmetrical topology structure is formed by connecting a diode valve group and a piezoresistor in series; the working principle of the system is as follows: when the reverse polarity lightning wave arrives, the diode in the reverse conduction type feed-in switch lightning protection component is conducted, so that the main diode valve group of the feed-in protection switch is not subjected to reverse voltage, the integral characteristic of the asymmetric topology is similar to that of the symmetric topology, and the device is generally selected according to the structural layout mode of the device.
Example two
Fig. 3 shows an example of an application of the feed-in protection lightning protection system: the characteristics of randomness, intermittence and the like of the photovoltaic power and the wind power are easy to negatively influence the stability of a traditional alternating current power distribution system, and the quality and the utilization efficiency of electric energy are reduced. In addition, the appearance of novel direct current load, such as large-scale data center, electric automobile and intelligent house, has put forward higher requirement to the reliability and the flexibility of distribution network.
The medium voltage direct current power grid is a direct current power grid with rated voltage between 5 kilovolts (kV) and 60 kV, and typical voltage is 20kV, and is mainly used for medium-scale power transmission so as to meet the power requirement of regional load. Because the medium-voltage direct-current power grid mainly runs in the field and remote suburban areas, the medium-voltage direct-current power grid is easy to be interfered by extreme weather conditions, such as heavy rain, strong lightning and the like. Therefore, it is a key challenge to ensure that the grid is still operating stably in extreme climates, reducing the risk of grid faults, to ensure the reliability of the load power usage.
The flow framework of clean energy from generation of wind power, photovoltaic, etc. to the user terminal is shown in fig. 3: boosting electric energy generated by photovoltaic equipment, wind power equipment and the like through a power electronic transformer, reducing loss during long-distance transmission of the electric energy, and realizing grid connection of clean energy sources; in the implementation process, wind power and photovoltaic electric energy are required to be installed in a branch to feed in a protection lightning protection system before being connected into a medium-voltage direct-current power grid, so that damage to the power grid caused by extreme weather is prevented, and the stability and reliability of the power grid are improved.
The non-return feed-in protection switch is a better protection device for the branch of the power inflow direct-current power grid, and has lower cost, lower loss and quick short-circuit current breaking capacity. However, the diode is used as a protection device, when lightning waves arrive, the diode is easily damaged by higher transient voltage, and the conduction loss and the equipment cost can be greatly increased by increasing the number of diodes connected in series to improve the lightning protection capability.
Typically, the residual voltage of the varistor-type arrester adopted by the system is more than 2 times of the rated voltage, so in order to cope with such high residual voltage, if the anti-Lei Neng force is raised by increasing the number of diodes connected in series, the number of diodes connected in series will need to be increased by more than 2 times as much as the original, but this inevitably results in a significant increase in the conduction loss of the diodes in operation. The feed-in protection device of the direct current power grid for improving the lightning protection capability by increasing the number of diodes is shown in fig. 4.
Example III
Rated voltage of the power grid is +/-10 kV, and rated current of the feed-in switch is 400A; the lightning protection valve component adopts a symmetrical structure and is divided into 2 groups of diode valve groups, the diode valve groups are positioned on two sides of the piezoresistor, each group of diode valve groups consists of 6 diodes, and each diode has a rated voltage of 6.5kV and a rated current of 300A; the dynamic voltage equalizing circuit adopts an RC series circuit, the resistance value of the resistor is 15 omega, the rated power is 100W, the capacitance is 0.33uF, and the rated voltage of the capacitance is 6.5kV.
The static voltage equalizing circuit of the diode adopts a voltage equalizing resistor with the resistance value of 300kΩ and the power of 100W.
The action voltage of the piezoresistor connected in series on the valve bank is 2.5kV, the residual voltage is 4kV, and the discharge energy is 15kJ; the voltage equalizing resistance of the piezoresistor parallel connection is 100kΩ and rated power is 100W.
When the lightning wave with reverse polarity arrives, the diode in the lightning protection component of the reverse conduction type feed-in switch is conducted, so that the main diode valve group of the feed-in protection switch is not subjected to reverse voltage, and in the specific example, according to the polarity and the action position of the lightning wave, the current flow direction in the working process of the system is as follows:
Case 1: when positive polarity lightning wave hits the negative electrode line, lightning current flows into the anode of the diode valve bank connected with the negative electrode, flows into the anode of the diode of the positive one-way valve bank from the cathode of the lightning protection valve bank through the piezoresistor connected with the lightning protection valve bank in series, and is injected into the positive electrode of the power grid from the cathode of the diode of the positive one-way valve bank and discharged to the ground through the metal oxide lightning arrester of the positive electrode. In the process, the diodes of the lightning protection diode valve bank and the positive one-way valve bank are positively conducted, and the reverse cut-off voltage born by the negative one-way valve bank is the sum of the power grid voltage, the forward conduction voltage drop of the lightning protection valve bank, the forward conduction voltage drop of the positive one-way valve bank and the residual voltage of the piezoresistor, which is only slightly higher than the power grid voltage, but not much higher than the power grid voltage.
Case 2: when negative polarity lightning waves hit the positive electrode line, lightning current flows into the negative electrode of the power grid from the ground through the metal oxide lightning arrester of the negative electrode, then flows into the anode of the diode of the negative electrode one-way valve group from the negative electrode of the power grid, then flows into the anode of the diode of the lightning protection valve group from the cathode of the power grid, and flows into a lightning stroke point from the cathode of the lightning protection valve group through the piezoresistor connected in series with the lightning protection valve group. In the process, the diodes of the lightning protection diode valve bank and the negative one-way valve bank are positively conducted, and the reverse cut-off voltage born by the positive one-way valve bank is the sum of the power grid voltage, the forward conduction voltage drop of the lightning protection valve bank, the forward conduction voltage drop of the negative one-way valve bank and the residual voltage of the piezoresistor, and is only slightly higher than the power grid voltage, but not much higher than the power grid voltage.
Case 3: when positive polarity lightning wave hits the positive electrode line, lightning current directly flows into the positive electrode of the power grid through the positive electrode one-way valve group, and is discharged to the ground through the metal oxide arrester of the positive electrode.
Case 4: when negative polarity lightning waves hit the negative electrode line, lightning current flows from the ground through the metal oxide arrester of the negative electrode into the negative electrode of the power grid, then flows from the negative electrode of the power grid into the anode of the negative electrode one-way valve group, and then flows from the cathode of the power grid into the lightning stroke point.
The foregoing detailed description of the embodiments and the technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention will be presented only by way of example, and it should be understood that the foregoing description is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention should be construed as being included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The direct current power grid feed-in protection device with the lightning protection function is characterized by comprising a direct current one-way valve group, a reverse conduction feed-in switch lightning protection component, a positive electrode grounding metal oxide lightning arrester, a negative electrode grounding metal oxide lightning arrester, a main contactor, an isolating switch and a current detection device;
the topological structure of the reverse-conduction feed-in switch lightning protection assembly comprises a lightning protection valve bank and a piezoresistor which are connected in series;
the lightning protection valve bank comprises two groups of diode valve banks;
When positive polarity lightning waves hit a negative electrode line, lightning current flows into the anode of a diode of a lightning protection valve bank connected with the negative electrode, flows into the anode of the diode of the positive one-way valve bank from the cathode of the lightning protection valve bank through a piezoresistor connected with the lightning protection valve bank in series, and is injected into the positive electrode of a power grid from the cathode of the diode of the positive one-way valve bank and discharged to the ground through a metal oxide arrester of the positive electrode;
When negative polarity lightning waves hit the positive electrode line, lightning current flows into the negative electrode of the power grid from the ground through the metal oxide lightning arrester of the negative electrode, then flows into the anode of the diode of the negative electrode one-way valve group from the negative electrode of the power grid, then flows into the anode of the diode of the lightning protection valve group from the cathode of the power grid, and flows into a lightning stroke point from the cathode of the lightning protection valve group through the piezoresistor connected in series with the lightning protection valve group.
2. The direct current power grid feed-in protection device with lightning protection function according to claim 1, wherein: the diode valve group consists of diodes which are connected in series, and a static voltage equalizing circuit and a dynamic voltage equalizing circuit are connected in parallel on the diodes; the static voltage equalizing circuit is composed of voltage equalizing resistors; the dynamic voltage equalizing circuit is formed by serially connecting resistors and capacitors; and the piezoresistor is connected with a static equalizing resistor in parallel.
3. The direct current power grid feed-in protection device with lightning protection function according to claim 2, wherein: the reverse-conduction type feed-in switch lightning protection component is arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the circuit side, the negative electrode of the reverse-conduction type feed-in switch lightning protection component is connected with the positive electrode of the circuit, and the positive electrode of the reverse-conduction type feed-in switch lightning protection component is connected with the negative electrode of the circuit; the negative pole of contrary conduction formula feed-in switch lightning protection subassembly is: one end of the cathode of the diode valve group is connected.
4. The direct current power grid feed-in protection device with lightning protection function according to claim 2, wherein: the reverse-conduction feed-in switch lightning protection component adopts a symmetrical topological structure; the symmetrical topological structure comprises a diode valve bank 1, a piezoresistor and a diode valve bank 2 which are connected in series; the anode of the diode valve bank 1 and the cathode of the diode valve bank 2 are respectively connected to two sides of the piezoresistor, the cathode of the diode valve bank 1 is connected with the positive electrode of the circuit, and the anode of the diode valve bank 2 is connected with the negative electrode of the circuit.
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