CN107863761B - High-voltage direct-current breaker with saturation reactor - Google Patents
High-voltage direct-current breaker with saturation reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107863761B CN107863761B CN201711226635.3A CN201711226635A CN107863761B CN 107863761 B CN107863761 B CN 107863761B CN 201711226635 A CN201711226635 A CN 201711226635A CN 107863761 B CN107863761 B CN 107863761B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
Abstract
The invention provides a direct current breaker with a saturation reactor, which comprises: the device comprises a main loop unit, a charging converter unit, an energy absorption and voltage limiting unit and a trigger unit. The main loop unit is formed by connecting a mechanical switch and a saturation reactor in series, and the saturation reactor can reduce the current drop rate of the mechanical switch before the zero crossing point of the power supply when fault current is cut off; the charging converter unit consists of a coupling reactor, a trigger switch connected with the primary side of the coupling reactor in series, a pre-charging capacitor and a converter capacitor connected with the secondary side of the pre-charging capacitor in series, and is used for providing reverse high-frequency current for the main loop unit so as to generate a manual zero crossing point; the energy-absorbing voltage-limiting unit is a zinc oxide lightning arrester and limits the voltage at two ends of the main loop unit; the triggering unit is used for triggering the charging converter unit to conduct after the fault. The high-voltage direct current breaker with the saturation resistor can realize the bidirectional breaking of fault current, reduce the rate of fall of the fault current before breaking, has high breaking reliability, can reduce the required capacity of a capacitor and has low manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of high-voltage direct-current circuit breakers, and particularly relates to a high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker with a saturation reactor.
Background
The development of renewable clean energy is rapidly developing due to the shortage of traditional fossil energy, the aggravation of environmental pollution and the continuous increase of electric energy demand of users. In order to obtain remote renewable energy sources such as wind energy and solar energy more economically, high-voltage direct current transmission is receiving new attention based on the advantages of low loss, remote, high-power transmission, more efficient connection of renewable energy sources to the network and convenience in flexible operation.
The traditional direct current transmission engineering is mostly a two-end system, only energy transmission between two points can be realized, and when direct current transmission is used for transmitting power to a plurality of load centers or direct current interconnection is adopted among a plurality of alternating current systems, a plurality of direct current transmission lines are required to be constructed, so that investment cost and operation cost are greatly increased. The multi-terminal direct current transmission system fully develops the economic advantages and the technical advantages of the high-voltage direct current transmission technology, is a more attractive transmission technology, and meets the development needs of the power industry in China. Besides the advantages of two-end direct current transmission, the multi-end direct current transmission can realize multi-power supply and multi-drop point power reception; the reliability is higher and more flexible; can be built in stages, and improves the investment benefit.
The main challenges of the multi-terminal high-voltage direct current power grid technology at present, such as topological design of a network structure, high-capacity cables, direct current circuit breakers for protecting and breaking short-circuit current and the like, become hot topics. For multi-terminal high voltage dc power networks, dc breakers with fast breaking dc fault current and isolating fault functions are essential and vital. Due to the lack of a practical high-voltage direct current breaker, when a metal loop has serious faults such as grounding short circuit, the alternating current side breaker can only be disconnected, the aim of relay protection is fulfilled, the influence area of the faults can be obviously enlarged, and the reliability and the flexibility of the multi-terminal direct current transmission system are greatly reduced. Only by applying the high-voltage direct current breaker, the renewable energy source network access or network withdrawal of a plurality of nodes connected by adopting multi-terminal high-voltage direct current is possible, faults can be separated timely and quickly, and the safe and reliable operation of the system can be ensured. Therefore, developing a high-voltage direct-current breaker suitable for a direct-current transmission system becomes particularly important for developing a flexible direct-current transmission network, and has important significance for improving the reliability and flexibility of the direct-current transmission system.
At present, dc circuit breakers are mainly divided into three types: mechanical dc circuit breakers, all-solid-state dc circuit breakers and hybrid dc circuit breakers. The traditional mechanical high-voltage direct-current breaker has complex current-converting structure, and the required capacitor has large capacity and large volume; the on-state loss of the hybrid high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker is large, the manufacturing cost is high, and the control requirement is high; the all-solid-state high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker has extremely high cost and large on-state loss.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a high-voltage direct-current breaker with a saturation resistor, and aims to solve the technical problem that a mechanical switch cannot be disconnected due to high fault current drop rate when the conventional high-voltage direct-current breaker breaks fault current.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high voltage direct current circuit breaker with a saturable reactor, comprising:
the charging converter comprises a main loop unit, a charging converter unit and a trigger unit;
the main loop unit comprises a mechanical switch and a saturation reactor connected in series with the mechanical switch, and the charging converter unit and the energy-absorbing voltage-limiting unit are connected with the main loop unit in parallel and then connected into a power system circuit;
when fault current flows through the main loop unit, the trigger unit sends out a signal, and the charging converter unit triggers conduction; thereby, the secondary side of the coupling reactor and the capacitance of the current-converting circuit generate oscillation current, and the oscillation current is used for being overlapped with fault current to enable zero crossing of current flowing through the mechanical switch to occur;
before zero crossing of the mechanical switch current occurs, the saturation reactor works in an unsaturated zone, the inductance value is far greater than that of the mechanical switch when no fault occurs, and the reduction rate of the fault current is limited.
Preferably, the high-voltage direct current breaker further comprises an energy-absorbing voltage-limiting unit, and the energy-absorbing voltage-limiting unit is used for absorbing energy stored by inductive elements in the power system after the fault current is cut off to realize voltage-limiting protection of the mechanical switch.
Preferably, the charging commutation cell includes: a precharge capacitor, a commutation circuit capacitor, a coupling reactor, a thyristor, and a diode connected in parallel therewith;
the primary winding of the coupling reactor is connected with the pre-charge capacitor and the thyristor in series; and the secondary winding of the coupling reactor is connected with the current-converting circuit capacitor in series.
Preferably, when the power system breaks down and needs to break the fault current, the triggering unit sends a signal to trigger the thyristor to be conducted, so that the pre-charge capacitor and the primary side of the coupling reactor generate oscillation current, the secondary side of the coupling reactor and the capacitor of the current conversion loop also generate oscillation current, and the oscillation current amplitude exceeds the system fault current amplitude, so that the mechanical switch generates zero crossing point to break.
Preferably, the energy-absorbing voltage limiting unit is an arrester.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, compared with the prior art, enable the following beneficial effects to be obtained:
(1) In order to ensure that a zero-crossing point of the current is formed sufficiently in the process of breaking a large current, the precharge voltage must be increased to increase the peak value of the high-frequency oscillation current, and a proper margin is reserved according to attenuation generated by the actual loop resistance so as to ensure that the large current is broken successfully. However, the improvement of the peak value of the high-frequency oscillation current easily causes the failure caused by overlarge failure current dropping rate when the rated small current is turned on, and after the saturation reactor L3 is connected in series in the main loop unit, the saturation reactor L3 works in an unsaturated area before the zero crossing point of the failure current, so that the inductance value is larger, the failure current dropping rate can be limited within the range of the breaking capability, and the reliability of the breaking is improved; the capacity of the precharge capacitor can be reduced while reducing the rate of decrease of the fault current, thereby reducing the cost.
(2) In the system, when the system fails, the saturation reactor works in an unsaturated area in the rising stage of the fault current, so that the rising rate of the direct-current fault current can be restrained, the requirement of the system on the fault judgment sensitivity is reduced, and the impact of the fault current on the system is reduced.
(3) The high-voltage direct current breaker has the capacity of bidirectionally breaking rated small current and interelectrode short-circuit large current, and adopts a coupling reactor to transfer a high-voltage trigger switch of a converter branch in the traditional topology to a low-voltage side, so that the voltage level of the trigger switch is obviously reduced, and the high-voltage trigger switch can be replaced by a thyristor; the trigger switch has no insulation requirement to the ground, and reduces the driving control difficulty. Meanwhile, the precharge capacitor is positioned at the low voltage side, the precharge voltage is lower, and the voltage level of the capacitor and precharge equipment is obviously reduced; has no insulation requirement on the ground, and solves the difficult problem of high-potential and multi-potential charging. In addition, the capacitor occupies a large proportion in the cost and the volume of the mechanical direct current breaker, and the novel topology has no long-term withstand voltage through-current requirement on the high-voltage side capacitor, so that the cost and the volume of the capacitor are obviously reduced, and the economical efficiency of the direct current breaker is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a high-voltage dc breaker with a saturable reactor according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a specific structural block diagram of a high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker with a saturable reactor provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is a waveform diagram of a high voltage dc breaker without a saturable reactor when the fault current is turned on;
fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of the high-voltage direct-current breaker with the saturable reactor when fault current is turned on and off;
wherein, 1 is a main loop unit, 2 is a charging and converting unit, 3 is an energy-absorbing and voltage-limiting unit, and 4 is a triggering unit; CB is a mechanical switch, L3 is a saturation reactor, C1 is a pre-charge capacitor, C2 is a current-converting loop capacitor, SCR is a triggerable thyristor section, D is a diode, L1 is a primary side of a coupling reactor, and L2 is a secondary side of the coupling reactor; the x-axis is time t, units s; the y-axis is the current amplitude, in kA; the solid line represents the mechanical switch CB break current and the dashed line represents the coupling reactor secondary current.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The invention aims to provide a high-voltage direct current breaker with a saturation resistor, which can limit the fault current falling rate within the breaking capacity range, increase the breaking reliability, reduce the required capacity of a capacitor and reduce the cost of a device on the basis of meeting the requirements of a direct current system on the high-voltage direct current breaker, namely, the high-voltage direct current breaker itself is rapidly operated, the high current is broken and the high voltage is born, and meanwhile, the high-voltage direct current breaker is used for bidirectionally breaking rated small current and interelectrode short-circuit large current.
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker with a saturable reactor provided by the invention, and fig. 2 is a specific structural block diagram of the high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker with the saturable reactor provided by the invention. The invention provides a high-voltage direct-current breaker with a saturation reactor, which comprises: the energy absorption and voltage limiting unit comprises a main loop unit 1, a charging converter unit 2, an energy absorption and voltage limiting unit 3 and a trigger unit 4; the main loop unit 1 is connected into a power system, and the charging converter unit 2 and the energy-absorbing voltage-limiting unit 3 are connected with the main loop unit 1 in parallel; the main loop unit comprises a mechanical switch CB and a saturation reactor L3 which are connected in series, wherein the mechanical switch is a switch which can be burnt and can be extinguished when the current crosses zero. The charging commutation unit comprises a pre-charging capacitor C1, a thyristor SCR, a diode D, a coupling reactor and a commutation circuit capacitor C2, wherein the thyristor SCR is connected in parallel with the diode D and is connected in series with the primary side L1 of the coupling reactor; the pre-charge capacitor C1 is sequentially connected with the primary side L1 of the coupling reactor and the thyristor SCR in series; the commutation loop capacitor C2 is connected in series with the coupling reactor secondary side L2. The output end of the trigger unit 4 is connected with the control end of the charging converter unit, and is used for generating a trigger signal to enable the charging converter unit to be conducted when a power system fails, and generating oscillating current in the direction of the failure current. The energy-absorbing voltage limiting unit 3 is a zinc oxide lightning arrester and limits the voltage at two ends of the main loop unit.
Under normal working conditions, the main loop unit 1 passes through the rated current of the system, and the operation loss is small. The charging converter unit 2 is used for generating high-frequency reverse current under the fault working condition, and manually generating a current zero crossing point so as to switch on and off the mechanical switch. The energy-absorbing voltage limiting unit is used for absorbing energy stored by inductive elements in the power system after the fault current is cut off after the main loop unit 1 cuts off the fault current so as to realize voltage limiting protection of the mechanical switch; the triggering unit is connected with the charging converter unit in parallel and is used for triggering the charging converter unit to conduct after a fault occurs.
In the embodiment of the invention, the main function of the main loop unit is that a mechanical switch CB opens and closes the fault current at a current zero crossing point, and a saturation reactor limits the fault current drop rate before the current zero crossing point; the main function of the charging converter unit is that a precharge capacitor C1 and a coupling reactor L1 generate high-frequency oscillation current, the oscillation current amplitude exceeds the system fault current amplitude, and a manual current zero crossing point is manufactured to enable a mechanical switch CB to be opened; the energy-absorbing voltage limiting unit is mainly used for absorbing energy stored by inductive elements in the power system after fault current is cut off to realize voltage limiting protection of the mechanical switch CB; the triggering unit is connected with the charging converter unit in parallel, and has the main function of triggering the charging converter unit to conduct after the system fails.
The working process is now described in detail as follows:
when the system works normally, the mechanical switch CB is closed, the system current flows through the mechanical switch CB and the saturation reactor L3, and at the moment, the saturation reactor L3 works in a saturation region, so that the inductance value is small, and the on-state loss is small. When a short circuit fault occurs in the system, as the adopted breaking unit only has current zero crossing breaking capability, when fault current is broken, contacts of the mechanical switch CB are separated and burnt, after the mechanical switch CB reaches an effective opening distance, the triggering unit 4 sends out a signal to trigger the thyristor SCR to conduct the charging converter unit 2, the pre-charging capacitor C1 and the primary side L1 of the coupling reactor oscillate to generate high-frequency oscillation current, so that the secondary side L2 of the coupling reactor and the primary side L1 of the coupling reactor generate reverse oscillation current, and the oscillation current amplitude exceeds the maximum fault current amplitude of the system, thereby enabling the mechanical switch CB to generate zero crossing and arc extinction; in the small current stage before the zero crossing point of the fault current is started and stopped, as the current flowing through the main loop unit is smaller, the saturation reactor L3 works in an unsaturated area, and the inductance value is larger, so that the equivalent frequency of the current-converting loop is reduced, the reduction rate of the fault current before the zero crossing point is reduced, and the starting and stopping are more reliable.
After the mechanical switch CB is subjected to zero crossing arc extinction, current is transferred to a commutation branch of the secondary side L2 of the coupling reactor and the commutation circuit capacitor C2, the voltage on the commutation circuit capacitor C2 is gradually increased and is applied to a fracture of the mechanical switch CB, recovery voltage at two ends of the mechanical switch CB is increased, when the action voltage of the energy absorption unit is reached, the energy absorption voltage limiting unit acts and absorbs energy stored by inductive elements in the power system after fault current is cut off, voltage limiting protection of the mechanical switch is achieved, and the breaking of fault current is completed.
When the system has short-circuit fault, the current flowing through the mechanical switch CB and the saturation reactor can rise rapidly, and the saturation reactor is an inductive element, so that the rising rate of fault current can be limited to a certain extent, the requirement of the system on fault judgment sensitivity is reduced, and meanwhile, the impact of the fault current on the system is reduced. Meanwhile, the mechanical switch CB is opened and is burnt, after the distance of a contact of the mechanical switch reaches the effective opening distance capable of being switched, the trigger unit sends out a signal to trigger the thyristor SCR to be conducted, so that the pre-charge capacitor C1 and the primary side L1 of the coupling reactor oscillate to generate reverse high-frequency oscillation current, and the reverse high-frequency oscillation current is overlapped on the main loop unit to manually generate a zero crossing point, so that the mechanical switch is extinguished. And after arc extinction, the recovery voltage at two ends of the mechanical switch CB rises, and when the action voltage of the energy-absorbing voltage-limiting unit is reached, the energy-absorbing voltage-limiting unit acts to absorb energy in inductive elements in the system, so that the breaking of fault current is completed.
In the process of switching on and off fault current, the saturation reactor is transferred from an unsaturated working area to a saturated working area, and the inductance value of the saturation reactor is obviously increased, so that the fault current drop rate before a current zero crossing point is limited, and the reliability of switching on and off is ensured; at the same time, the capacity of the required capacitor is reduced due to the reduction of the fault current drop rate, which effectively reduces the manufacturing cost of the circuit breaker.
Fig. 3 is a current waveform diagram when a high-voltage direct-current breaker without a saturation reactor is used for switching on and off 25kA heavy current, and fig. 4 is a current waveform diagram when the high-voltage direct-current breaker with the saturation reactor is used for switching on and off 25kA heavy current, wherein an x-axis is time t and unit s; the y-axis is the current amplitude, in kA; the solid line represents the mechanical switch CB break current and the dashed line represents the coupling reactor secondary current. For the high-voltage direct current breaker without the saturation resistor in fig. 3, di/dt before zero crossing point of the break current of the mechanical switch CB is about 80A/us, and for the high-voltage direct current breaker with the saturation resistor in fig. 4, di/dt before zero crossing point of the break current of the mechanical switch CB is about 20A/us, compared with the prior art, di/dt before zero crossing point of the high-voltage direct current breaker with the saturation resistor is greatly reduced, which increases the reliability of breaking and reduces the consumption of the capacitor, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the cost.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high voltage dc circuit breaker with a saturable reactor, comprising:
a main loop unit (1), a charging converter unit (2) and a trigger unit (4);
the main loop unit (1) comprises a mechanical switch (CB) and a saturation reactor (L3) connected in series with the mechanical switch (CB), and the charging converter unit (2) is connected with the main loop unit (1) in parallel and then connected into a power system circuit;
the charging converter unit (2) includes: a precharge capacitor (C1), a commutation circuit capacitor (C2), a coupling reactor, a thyristor (SCR), and a diode (D) connected in parallel with the thyristor (SCR); the secondary side (L2) of the coupling reactor is connected in series with the current-converting circuit capacitor (C2);
when fault current flows through the main loop unit (1), the trigger unit (4) sends out a signal, and the charging converter unit (2) triggers conduction; -generating an oscillating current on the coupling reactor secondary side (L2) and on the commutation circuit capacitor (C2), said oscillating current being intended to be superimposed on said fault current so that zero crossings of the current flowing through the mechanical switch (CB) occur;
before zero crossing of the current of the mechanical switch (CB), the saturation reactor (L3) works in an unsaturated zone, the inductance value is far greater than that of the mechanical switch when no fault occurs, and the reduction rate of the fault current is limited.
2. The high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker according to claim 1, further comprising an energy-absorbing voltage-limiting unit (3), wherein the energy-absorbing voltage-limiting unit (3) is used for absorbing energy stored by inductive elements in the electric power system after the fault current is cut off after the mechanical switch (CB) is opened, so as to realize voltage-limiting protection of the mechanical switch (CB).
3. The high voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coupling reactor primary side (L1) is connected in series with the pre-charge capacitor (C1) and the thyristor (SCR).
4. A high voltage direct current breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that when a power system fault occurs, the triggering unit (4) sends a signal to trigger the thyristor (SCR) to conduct, so that the pre-charge capacitor (C1) and the primary side (L1) of the coupling reactor generate a first oscillating current, the secondary side (L2) of the coupling reactor and the current-converting circuit capacitor (C2) generate a second oscillating current, and the amplitude of the second oscillating current exceeds the amplitude of the power system fault current, so that the zero of the current flowing through the mechanical switch (CB) causes the mechanical switch (CB) to open.
5. The high voltage direct current circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy absorbing and voltage limiting unit (3) is a lightning arrester.
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| CN201711226635.3A CN107863761B (en) | 2017-11-29 | 2017-11-29 | High-voltage direct-current breaker with saturation reactor |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108766830B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2023-09-29 | 华中科技大学 | Coupling type high-voltage direct-current breaker |
| CN109103854A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-28 | 山东电力设备有限公司 | A kind of mechanical direct-current breaker topology structure |
| CN109327016B (en) * | 2018-09-29 | 2020-10-16 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Direct-current interelectrode breaking device and control method |
| CN109494699A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-19 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of coupling reactance type high voltage direct current current limiter |
| CN111463747B (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2022-05-17 | 思源电气股份有限公司 | Direct-current circuit breaker and control method thereof |
| CN111030042A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-04-17 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | Passive semi-control hybrid direct current breaker and control method thereof |
| CN113299505B (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2022-04-05 | 西安交通大学 | Mixed current-limiting on-off direct current breaker |
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