CN117372614A - In-situ reconstruction method and system for three-dimensional morphology of small-diameter ball grinding wheel - Google Patents
In-situ reconstruction method and system for three-dimensional morphology of small-diameter ball grinding wheel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional morphology on-site reconstruction method and system for a small-diameter ball grinding wheel, relates to the technical field of ultra-precision machining, and aims to solve the problems of complex modeling, large calculated amount and limited accuracy of the existing ball grinding wheel morphology on-site detection method. Comprising the following steps: s1, constructing a laser displacement sensor data sampling system; s2, acquiring relative distance data between the radial direction of the ball grinding wheel and a laser displacement sensor in a ball grinding wheel rotating state; s3, based on the difference of the relative distances between the ball grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor under different registration angles, establishing a transformation rule model of the circumferential profile of the ball grinding wheel, and solving the circumferential profile morphology of the ball grinding wheel in a mode of substituting special points; s4, controlling the processing machine tool to enable the ball head grinding wheel to move along the axial direction for displacement S, and repeatedly executing the steps S2-S3 until sampling of a region to be reconstructed of the ball head grinding wheel is completed; s5, smoothly connecting the ball head grinding wheel morphologies of different circumferences to obtain a reconstruction result of the small-diameter ball head grinding wheel three-dimensional morphology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultra-precise machining, in particular to a three-dimensional morphology in-situ reconstruction method and system for a small-diameter ball grinding wheel.
Background
The complex thin-wall parts such as hemispherical resonators have wide application in the tip fields of aviation, navigation, optics, microelectronics and the like due to the physical characteristics of the complex thin-wall parts, so that the complex thin-wall parts have higher requirements on the surface type precision and the surface quality. Because the hemispherical harmonic oscillator is prepared from a high-concentration fused quartz material, the hemispherical harmonic oscillator belongs to a hard and brittle material which is typically difficult to process, and the surface morphology of a small-diameter ball grinding wheel abrasion area inevitably changes seriously in the ultra-precise grinding process. Once the surface morphology is changed excessively, the surface type precision and the surface quality of the hemispherical harmonic oscillator are adversely affected, and the subsequent use performance of the harmonic oscillator is further affected. Based on the method, how to accurately reconstruct the three-dimensional morphology state of the abrasion wheel abrasion area is the hot content of the current research.
At present, the method for obtaining the three-dimensional shape of the wear area of the ball grinding wheel comprises two modes of off-line detection and on-site detection. The off-line detection mainly comprises the step of manually measuring the abrasion area of the grinding wheel by using detection equipment such as an optical microscope and the like, so as to realize objective assessment of the abrasion state of the grinding wheel. However, the detection method is low in efficiency and high in requirements on a detection device. Compared with off-line detection, in-situ detection is to acquire related data by using a sensor and perform a digital modeling analysis to acquire a three-dimensional morphology reconstruction of the detected region. The on-site detection is flexible and changeable, the efficiency is extremely high, the existing on-site detection method is mostly aimed at a large abrasive grain grinding wheel, the detection method aimed at a small abrasive grain grinding wheel is lacked, and the existing method has the problems of insufficient data noise reduction, complicated modeling, large calculated amount, limited measurement accuracy and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that:
the existing ball head grinding wheel morphology on-site detection technology lacks a detection method for the small abrasive particle grinding wheel, and the problems of complicated modeling, large calculated amount and limited accuracy often exist.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the invention provides a three-dimensional morphology in-situ reconstruction method of a small-diameter ball grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a laser displacement sensor data sampling system, and determining an acquisition starting position;
s2, acquiring relative distance data between the radial direction of the ball grinding wheel and a laser displacement sensor in a ball grinding wheel rotating state;
s3, filtering and noise reduction processing is carried out on the low-frequency interference signals in the sampling data, a transformation rule model of the circumferential profile of the ball head grinding wheel is established based on the difference of the relative distances between the ball head grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor under different registration angles, and the circumferential profile of the ball head grinding wheel is solved by adopting a mode of substituting special points;
s4, controlling the processing machine tool to enable the ball head grinding wheel to move along the axial direction for displacement S, and repeatedly executing the steps S2-S3 until sampling of a region to be reconstructed of the ball head grinding wheel is completed;
s5, smoothly connecting the ball head grinding wheel morphologies of different circumferences according to the acquisition sequence, and finally obtaining a reconstruction result of the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball head grinding wheel.
Further, the step of constructing a data sampling system of the laser displacement sensor in the step S1 includes the following steps:
s11, connecting a laser displacement sensor, a data acquisition card and a computer in series to form a data sampling system;
s12, mounting a ball head grinding wheel in a tilting mode by 40 degrees, and mounting a laser displacement sensor in a micro-displacement platform of a machine tool in a tilting mode by 40 degrees;
s13, adjusting the relative position of the laser displacement sensor and the ball head grinding wheel, so that the light beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor can be received by the sensor again after being reflected by the surface profile of the grinding wheel.
Further, in the S2 process of collecting the relative distance data between the radial direction of the ball grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor, the filtering mode of the laser displacement sensor is set to be low-pass filtering.
Further, in S3, filtering and noise reduction is performed on the low-frequency interference signal in the sampled data, specifically, hilbert-yellow transform is adopted to perform filtering and noise reduction on the low-frequency interference signal in the sampled data.
Further, the transformation rule model of the circumferential profile of the ball head grinding wheel in the S3 is specifically:
wherein R is jx_out R is the radial runout of the ball grinding wheel jx Is the radial circumference contour radius of the ball grinding wheel, dis ε And Dis ξ Respectively representing the relative distance between the ball grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor, h, sampled at the registration angles theta=epsilon and theta=xi after noise reduction ξ And h ε The protruding height of the diamond abrasive particles at the radial circumference outline of the grinding wheel at the registration angles theta=epsilon and theta=zeta are shown, and the registration angles epsilon and zeta are arbitrarily selected, so that the writing form of the formula (1) is simplifiedMarked as phi θ 。
Further, in the step S3, the method for solving the circumferential profile shape of the ball head grinding wheel includes the following steps:
s31, solving a circumferential profile change rule model of the ball grinding wheel by utilizing a mode of substituting special points;
let i 1 ＝δ、i 2 =δ+β and i 3 =δ - β, β is the angular increment of the registration angle, obtainable according to equation (1):
simultaneous equations (2) and (3) can be obtained:
in the formula (4)Denoted as X 1 ，/>Denoted as Y 1 Then:
since there is an error amount between the laser displacement sensor sampling data and the true value, then:
and eliminating a sampling error err based on a data mean value operation mode according to the repeated measurement precision value of the laser displacement sensor:
wherein, in the formulaRespectively representing the calculation results of the sampling data mean value of the laser displacement sensor;
s32, solving radial runout R of ball head grinding wheel through cosine function fitting jx_out Measuring radial circumference contour radius R of ball grinding wheel in static state jx Further solving the protruding height h of the abrasive particles θ ；
Cosine function fitting is performed on equation (6), and the magnitude of the fitting result is divided by-4.sin (beta/2) 2 Namely the radial runout R of the circumference of the grinding wheel jx_out ；
Radial runout R for constructing circumference of grinding wheel jx_out Radius of circumferential profile R of grinding wheel jx Abrasive grain protrusion height h of circumferential profile θ Geometry of (a), i.e
Wherein,represented as data Dis θ L is the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the axis of the ball grinding wheel, R jx Is the circumference contour radius of the grinding wheel;
height h of protrusion of abrasive grains according to formula (8) θ Solving, and finally, according to the circumferential contour radius R of the grinding wheel jx And the protruding height h of the abrasive particles θ And obtaining the circumferential profile shape of the ball grinding wheel.
Further, the range of the axial displacement S described in S4 is: 8-10 mu m.
Further, in S5, the ball grinding wheel shapes of different circumferences are smoothly connected according to the collection sequence, specifically: and adjusting the starting positions of different circumferential contours of the ball head grinding wheel to enable sampling starting points to be on the same axis, and then performing image stitching on adjacent circumferential contours by adopting linear connection to obtain a reconstruction result of the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball head grinding wheel.
The system is provided with a program module corresponding to the steps of any one of the technical schemes, and the steps in the method for reconstructing the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel are executed in operation.
A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program configured to implement the steps of the method for reconstructing a three-dimensional topography of a small diameter ball grinding wheel in-situ when called by a processor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method and the system for reconstructing the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel in situ, the transformation rule model of the circumferential profile of the ball grinding wheel is established based on the sampling data of the laser displacement sensing on the circumferential profile of the ball grinding wheel, the reconstruction of the three-dimensional morphology of the ball grinding wheel is realized, the model is simple, the calculated amount is small, the measurement accuracy is high, the change condition of the grinding area of the small-abrasive-grain ball grinding wheel before and after grinding can be intuitively observed, and theoretical guidance is provided for the abrasion research of the small-abrasive-grain ball grinding wheel in the ultra-precise grinding process.
The method is simple and convenient in operation process, and contributes to grasping the current wearing state of the ball grinding wheel in real time and improving the processing quality and the surface precision of ultra-precise grinding processing.
The method has certain universality and can be popularized and applied to three-dimensional morphology reconstruction of other ultra-precise grinding tools.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a three-dimensional morphology in-situ reconstruction method of a small-diameter ball grinding wheel in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an ultra-precise grinding structure for in-situ measurement of the circumferential profile of a small-diameter ball grinding wheel in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram of time// frequency domain waveforms before and after hilbert-yellow transform in an embodiment of the present invention, where (a) is a time domain waveform of original data, (b) is a time domain waveform after hilbert-yellow transform, (c) is a frequency domain waveform of original data, and d) is a frequency domain waveform after hilbert-yellow transform;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing runout of a ball nose grinding wheel at different moments in time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the result of cosine fitting data in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the radial radius R of the circumferential profile of the ball nose grinding wheel in an embodiment of the invention jx Solving a schematic diagram;
FIG. 7 shows the protrusion height h of abrasive grains according to the embodiment of the present invention θ And a relationship graph of difference of distance L and registration angle; wherein, (a) is a graph of the difference between the protruding height of the abrasive particles and the distance L under different angles along with the registration angle, and (b) is a graph of the protruding height of the abrasive particles along with the registration angle;
FIG. 8 is a topography of the circumferential profile of an initial position small diameter ball nose grinding wheel in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing different circumferential profile morphologies of a small diameter ball grinding wheel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is a circumferential profile 2, (b) is a circumferential profile 5, (c) is a circumferential profile 8, and (d) is a circumferential profile 10;
FIG. 10 illustrates adjustment of a ball grinding wheel profile measurement starting point based on a registration angle in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a three-dimensional topography of a small-diameter grinding area based on image stitching in an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
the grinding machine comprises a 1-granite lathe bed, a 2-small-diameter ball head grinding wheel, a 3-U shaft, a 4-C shaft, a 5-micro displacement platform, a 6-laser displacement sensor, a 7-spindle fixing device and an 8-Z shaft.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "third" mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first", "a second", or a third "may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature.
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
The specific embodiment I is as follows: as shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a three-dimensional morphology in-situ reconstruction method of a small-diameter ball grinding wheel, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a laser displacement sensor data sampling system, and determining an acquisition starting position;
s2, acquiring relative distance data between the radial direction of the ball grinding wheel and a laser displacement sensor in a ball grinding wheel rotating state;
s3, filtering and noise reduction processing is carried out on the low-frequency interference signals in the sampling data, a transformation rule model of the circumferential profile of the ball head grinding wheel is established based on the difference of the relative distances between the ball head grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor under different registration angles, and the circumferential profile of the ball head grinding wheel is solved by adopting a mode of substituting special points;
s4, controlling the processing machine tool to enable the ball head grinding wheel to move along the axial direction for displacement S, and repeatedly executing the steps S2-S3 until sampling of a region to be reconstructed of the ball head grinding wheel is completed;
s5, smoothly connecting the ball head grinding wheel morphologies of different circumferences according to the acquisition sequence, and finally obtaining a reconstruction result of the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball head grinding wheel.
As shown in FIG. 4, the present invention defines the geometric center O of the ball nose grinding wheel 1 And the actual sphere center O during high-speed rotation 2 The included angle between the connecting line and the horizontal line is a registration angle theta; the geometric center O of the ball grinding wheel can appear in the high-speed rotation process due to the influence of installation errors, manufacturing errors and other factors 1 And the actual sphere center O 2 Misalignment of the positions. To better describe the actual sphere center O 2 The position, the invention constructs a ball grinding wheel circumference contour change rule model based on different registration angles. Meanwhile, because the sampling signal does not represent the real distance from the laser displacement sensor to the circumferential outline of the grinding wheel, but is a relative distance, the invention truly reflects the change rule of the circumferential outline of the ball grinding wheel based on the difference value of the sampling signal, and finally builds a change rule model of the circumferential outline of the ball grinding wheel.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in this embodiment, in order to realize in-situ reconstruction of the three-dimensional shape of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel, firstly, a laser displacement sensor, a data acquisition card and a computer are connected in series through a signal connecting line to form a data sampling system, the relative positions of the ball grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor are adjusted, the sensor is fixed on an X-Y plane of a machine tool by using a screw, the machine tool is started to enable the ball grinding wheel to rotate at a constant speed, the LK-H020 type laser displacement sensor is adopted to acquire data of the circumferential outline of the ball grinding wheel and perform circumferential shape reconstruction, the Z axis and the U axis of the machine tool are controlled to enable the ball grinding wheel to move slightly along the axial direction, outline data of the position are acquired to perform shape reconstruction, and finally, different circumferential shapes of the ball grinding wheel are spliced to realize reconstruction of the three-dimensional shape outline of the grinding wheel.
And a specific embodiment II: s1, constructing a laser displacement sensor data sampling system, which comprises the following steps:
s11, connecting a laser displacement sensor, a data acquisition card and a computer in series to form a data sampling system;
s12, mounting a ball head grinding wheel in a tilting mode by 40 degrees, and mounting a laser displacement sensor in a micro-displacement platform of a machine tool in a tilting mode by 40 degrees;
s13, adjusting the relative position of the laser displacement sensor and the ball head grinding wheel, so that the light beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor can be received by the sensor again after being reflected by the surface profile of the grinding wheel. The other embodiments are the same as those of the first embodiment.
In this embodiment, the relevant parameter settings of the laser displacement sensor are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
And a third specific embodiment: and S2, setting a filtering mode of the laser displacement sensor as low-pass filtering in the process of collecting the relative distance data of the radial direction of the ball grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor. The other embodiments are the same as those of the first embodiment.
And a specific embodiment IV: and S3, filtering and noise reduction processing is carried out on the low-frequency interference signals in the sampled data, and specifically, hilbert-Huang transformation is adopted to carry out filtering and noise reduction processing on the low-frequency interference signals in the sampled data. The other embodiments are the same as those of the first embodiment.
While the laser displacement sensor is subjected to primary filtering treatment during sampling, the suppression effect on low-frequency noise is basically ignored, and the presence of the noise in the part still can influence the in-situ reconstruction result of the appearance of the follow-up ball grinding wheel. The Hilbert-Huang transform not only can effectively preserve the data characteristics, but also has better noise reduction effect. Therefore, the invention performs filtering noise reduction analysis on the sampling data x (t) based on Hilbert-Huang transform, and the noise reduction waveform is shown in FIG. 3.
Fifth embodiment: s3, a transformation rule model of the circumferential profile of the ball head grinding wheel is specifically as follows:
wherein R is jx_out R is the radial runout of the ball grinding wheel jx Is the radial circumference contour radius of the ball grinding wheel, dis ε And Dis ξ Respectively representing the relative distance between the ball grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor sampled when the registration angles theta=epsilon and theta=zeta, and h ξ And h ε The registration angles epsilon and xi in equation (1) are arbitrarily selected but in order to simplify the calculation process, the registration angles theta selected in the analysis process usually have certain relevance, namely, the solution is realized based on special points. Meanwhile, to simplify the writing form of formula (1)Marked as phi θ . The other embodiments are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Specific embodiment six: s3, solving the circumferential profile shape of the ball head grinding wheel by adopting a mode of substituting special points, wherein the method comprises the following steps of:
s31, solving the model in a mode of substituting special points;
let i 1 ＝δ、i 2 =δ+β and i 3 =δ - β, β is the angular increment of the registration angle, which can be taken as 0.1 °, obtainable according to formula (1):
simultaneous equations (2) and (3) can be obtained:
in the formula (4)Denoted as X 1 ，/>Denoted as Y 1 Then:
because of the error between the sampling data of the laser displacement sensor and the true value, the single sampling precision of the LK-H020 type laser displacement sensor is +/-1.2 mu m, and then:
because the repeated measurement precision of the LK-H020 type laser displacement sensor is +/-0.01 mu m, the sampling error err is eliminated based on the data average value operation mode according to the repeated measurement precision value of the laser displacement sensor:
wherein, in the formulaRespectively representing the results of the sampling data mean value operation of the laser displacement sensor;
s32, solving radial runout R of ball head grinding wheel through cosine function fitting jx_out Measuring radial circumference contour radius R of ball grinding wheel in static state jx Further solving the protruding height h of the abrasive particles θ ；
As can be seen from equation (6),from cosine trigonometric function-4. R jx_out ·cosδ·sin(β/2) 2 And residual value X 1 +Y 1 Thus, as shown in FIG. 5, the cosine function fitting of equation (6) is performed using the cftool kit in MATLAB, and the magnitude of the fitting result is divided by-4 sin (β/2) 2 The result is the radial runout R of the circumference of the grinding wheel jx_out The registration angle delta corresponding to the function amplitude is 0 deg..
As shown in fig. 6, in a static state, the laser displacement sensor is utilized to axially collect profile discrete data of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel, MATLAB software is adopted and the data are fitted, and the radial circumference profile radius R of the ball grinding wheel is solved according to the geometric relationship jx As a result, 1726.5 μm;
wherein, the parameter R is expressed as the radius L of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel based on discrete point fitting jx The axial distance between the circumferential outline and the center of the ball grinding wheel is expressed;
radial runout R for constructing circumference of grinding wheel jx_out Radius of circumferential profile R of grinding wheel jx Abrasive grain protrusion height h of circumferential profile θ Is the geometric relationship of (1), namely:
wherein,denoted as Dis θ Is the average value of (2); l is the axis of the laser displacement sensor and the ball grinding wheelA true distance;
height h of protrusion of abrasive grains according to formula (8) θ Solving, namely:
the registration angle θ=0° is set to the radial circumference radius R of the ball grinding wheel obtained as described above jx Radial runout R at the initial position of the circumference of the grinding wheel jx_out Substituting h into equation (8) to find 0 = -5211785.2+l. Subsequently, the value of the registration angle θ is continuously increased (the angle increment Δθ=0.2°) to obtain h θ The correspondence of the difference with L to the registration angle θ is shown in fig. 7 (a). Because the minimum value of the protruding height of the abrasive particles of the ball head grinding wheel is 0 and L is constant, the axial distance L= 5211.8mm between the displacement sensor and the ball head grinding wheel can be obtained, and the protruding height h of the abrasive particles can be obtained θ As a result, as shown in fig. 7 (b).
As shown in FIG. 8, according to the wheel circumference profile radius R jx And the protruding height h of the abrasive particles θ And drawing to obtain the circumferential profile shape of the ball grinding wheel. This embodiment is otherwise identical to embodiment five.
Specific embodiment seven: and S4, the value range of the axial movement displacement S is as follows: 8-10 mu m. The other embodiments are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Because the ball head grinding wheel is installed in a tilting mode of 40 degrees, namely the included angle between the U axis and the Z axis is 40 degrees, under the condition that the S value is 10 mu m, the U axis translation 6.428 mu m and the Z axis translation 7.66 mu m are obtained according to the geometric relationship.
U＝S·sin40 (9)
Z＝S·cos40 (10)。
The corresponding U, Z translation of the partial circumferential profile is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Specific embodiment eight: s5, smoothly connecting the ball grinding wheel morphologies of different circumferences according to the acquisition sequence, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, specifically: in the course of the contour sampling process,it is difficult to ensure that the sampling start points of each circumferential contour are positioned on the same axis, and if the morphology reconstruction is directly carried out, the error between the obtained result and the actual morphology of the grinding wheel is larger. The initial positions of different circumferential contours of the ball head grinding wheel are adjusted according to the registration angle theta, and the fact that the intervals S of the different circumferences along the axial direction are smaller means that the corresponding abrasive particle protruding heights h of the different circumferential contours under the same registration angle theta θ There is no abrupt change. Based on the above, when the adjacent circumferential contours are subjected to image splicing, the actual connection mode can be replaced by straight line approximation, and then the adjacent circumferential contours are subjected to image splicing by adopting straight line connection, so that a reconstruction result of the three-dimensional shape of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel is obtained, and the reconstruction result is shown in fig. 11. The other embodiments are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Embodiment nine: a small-diameter ball grinding wheel three-dimensional morphology in-situ reconstruction system having program modules corresponding to the steps of any one of the above embodiments one to eight, wherein the steps in the small-diameter ball grinding wheel three-dimensional morphology in-situ reconstruction method are performed at run-time.
A computer readable storage medium storing a computer program configured to implement the steps of the small diameter ball grinding wheel three-dimensional topography in-situ reconstruction method of any one of embodiments one to eight when invoked by a processor.
Although the present disclosure is disclosed above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, and such changes and modifications would be within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The in-situ reconstruction method for the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, constructing a laser displacement sensor data sampling system, and determining an acquisition starting position;
s2, acquiring relative distance data between the radial direction of the ball grinding wheel and a laser displacement sensor in a ball grinding wheel rotating state;
s3, filtering and noise reduction processing is carried out on the low-frequency interference signals in the sampling data, a transformation rule model of the circumferential profile of the ball head grinding wheel is established based on the difference of the relative distances between the ball head grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor under different registration angles, and the circumferential profile of the ball head grinding wheel is solved by adopting a mode of substituting special points;
s4, controlling the processing machine tool to enable the ball head grinding wheel to move along the axial direction for displacement S, and repeatedly executing the steps S2-S3 until sampling of a region to be reconstructed of the ball head grinding wheel is completed;
s5, smoothly connecting the ball head grinding wheel morphologies of different circumferences according to the acquisition sequence, and finally obtaining a reconstruction result of the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball head grinding wheel.
2. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel in situ according to claim 1, wherein the step of constructing a laser displacement sensor data sampling system in S1 comprises the following steps:
s11, connecting a laser displacement sensor, a data acquisition card and a computer in series to form a data sampling system;
s12, mounting a ball head grinding wheel in a tilting mode by 40 degrees, and mounting a laser displacement sensor in a micro-displacement platform of a machine tool in a tilting mode by 40 degrees;
s13, adjusting the relative position of the laser displacement sensor and the ball head grinding wheel, so that the light beam emitted by the laser displacement sensor can be received by the sensor again after being reflected by the surface profile of the grinding wheel.
3. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel in situ according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, in the process of collecting the relative distance data between the radial direction of the ball grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor, the filtering mode of the laser displacement sensor is low-pass filtering.
4. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel in situ according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 is characterized in that the low-frequency interference signals in the sampled data are subjected to filtering noise reduction treatment, in particular to the step of adopting Hilbert-Huang transform to carry out filtering noise reduction treatment on the low-frequency interference signals in the sampled data.
5. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel in situ according to claim 1, wherein the transformation rule model of the circumferential profile of the ball grinding wheel in S3 is specifically:
wherein R is jx_out R is the radial runout of the ball grinding wheel jx Is the radial circumference contour radius of the ball grinding wheel, dis ε And Dis ξ Respectively representing the relative distance between the ball grinding wheel and the laser displacement sensor, h, sampled at the registration angles theta=epsilon and theta=xi after noise reduction ξ And h ε The protruding height of the diamond abrasive particles at the radial circumference outline of the grinding wheel at the registration angles theta=epsilon and theta=zeta are shown, and the registration angles epsilon and zeta are arbitrarily selected, so that the writing form of the formula (1) is simplifiedMarked as phi θ 。
6. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel in situ according to claim 5, wherein the step of solving the circumferential profile morphology of the ball grinding wheel in step S3 comprises the following steps:
s31, solving a circumferential profile change rule model of the ball grinding wheel by utilizing a mode of substituting special points;
let i 1 ＝δ、i 2 =δ+β and i 3 =δ - β, β is the angular increment of the registration angle, obtainable according to equation (1):
simultaneous equations (2) and (3) can be obtained:
in the formula (4)Denoted as X 1 ，/>Denoted as Y 1 Then:
since there is an error amount between the laser displacement sensor sampling data and the true value, then:
and eliminating a sampling error err based on a data mean value operation mode according to the repeated measurement precision value of the laser displacement sensor:
wherein, in the formulaRespectively representing the calculation results of the sampling data mean value of the laser displacement sensor;
s32, solving radial runout R of ball head grinding wheel through cosine function fitting jx_out Measuring radial circumference contour radius R of ball grinding wheel in static state jx Further solving the protruding height h of the abrasive particles θ ；
Cosine function fitting is performed on equation (6), toThe magnitude of the fitting result is divided by-4 sin (beta/2) 2 Namely the radial runout R of the circumference of the grinding wheel jx_out ；
Radial runout R for constructing circumference of grinding wheel jx_out Radius of circumferential profile R of grinding wheel jx Abrasive grain protrusion height h of circumferential profile θ Geometry of (a), i.e
Wherein,denoted as Dis θ L is the true distance between the laser displacement sensor and the axis of the ball grinding wheel, R jx Is the circumference contour radius of the grinding wheel;
height h of protrusion of abrasive grains according to formula (8) θ Solving, and finally, according to the circumferential contour radius R of the grinding wheel jx And the protruding height h of the abrasive particles θ And obtaining the circumferential profile shape of the ball grinding wheel.
7. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel in situ according to claim 1, wherein the range of the axial movement displacement S in S4 is as follows: 8-10 mu m.
8. The method for reconstructing the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball grinding wheel in situ according to claim 1, wherein in S5, the ball grinding wheel morphologies of different circumferences are smoothly connected according to the acquisition sequence, specifically: and adjusting the starting positions of different circumferential contours of the ball head grinding wheel to enable sampling starting points to be on the same axis, and then performing image stitching on adjacent circumferential contours by adopting linear connection to obtain a reconstruction result of the three-dimensional morphology of the small-diameter ball head grinding wheel.
9. A system for in-situ reconstruction of the three-dimensional morphology of a small diameter ball grinding wheel, characterized in that it has a program module corresponding to the steps of any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, the steps of the method for in-situ reconstruction of the three-dimensional morphology of a small diameter ball grinding wheel being carried out in operation.
10. A computer readable storage medium, characterized in that it stores a computer program configured to implement the steps of the method for reconstructing the three-dimensional topography of a small diameter ball grinding wheel in-situ, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, when called by a processor.
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