CN117365539A - Safe construction method for controlling blasting noise and shock waves of tunnels in close vicinity of residential areas - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a safe construction method for controlling blasting noise and shock waves in tunnels close to residential areas. It aims to effectively absorb or block the noise and air shock waves generated during blasting construction in the blasting area, thereby reducing the impact on non-blasting areas, that is, adjacent areas. Impact on residential areas. This safe construction method includes the preparation stage, the mechanical excavation stage of the tunnel entrance and the sound insulation and wave blocking controlled blasting stage of the tunnel body. Among them, the sound insulation and wave blocking controlled blasting stage of the tunnel body includes the dynamic design of blasting parameters before the blasting operation. After the blasting plan is initially determined, the impact zoning assessment is carried out and the blasting plan and impact zoning control measures are determined before drilling and blasting construction is carried out. During the construction, on-site monitoring is carried out simultaneously in the non-blasting area, and based on the shock wave overpressure, noise decibels and vibration speed data obtained from on-site monitoring Timely adjustments are made to the three stages of impact zoning control measures.

Description

A safe construction method for controlling blasting noise and shock waves in tunnels close to residential areas

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular relates to a safe construction method for controlling blasting noise and shock waves in tunnels close to residential areas.

Background technique

As the mainstream construction method of tunnel engineering, drill and blast method will produce a lot of noise and shock waves during blasting construction. For tunnel construction in nearby residential areas, a little carelessness will cause adverse social impacts. Therefore, how to reduce the protection of drill and blast method? Noise pollution and shock wave damage effects during construction are technical issues that need to be solved urgently.

Contents of the invention

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a safe construction method for controlling blasting noise and shock waves in tunnels close to residential areas, aiming to effectively absorb or block the noise and air shock waves generated during blasting construction in the blasting area, thereby reducing the impact on non-blasting areas. That is, the impact of neighboring residential areas.

To this end, the safe construction method for controlling blasting noise and shock waves in tunnels close to residential areas provided by embodiments of the present invention includes the following steps:

S1. Preparation stage

Determine the air shock wave overpressure control value ΔP _{control value} , blasting noise control value L _{p control value} and blasting vibration speed control value V _{control value} according to the building protection level and personnel health requirements;

S2. Tunnel entry mechanical excavation stage

Mechanical excavation is used within a certain range of the excavation hole. After the door opening construction conditions are met, a sound-insulating and wave-blocking door opening structure is promptly constructed (Patent application number: 202120715020.2, a sound-insulating and wave-blocking door opening structure for tunnel blasting construction);

S3. Tunnel body sound insulation and wave blocking controlled blasting stage

S31. The soundproof and wave-blocking door opening structure constructed in the early stage divides the tunnel into blasting areas and non-blasting areas. Tunnel excavation is carried out using differential blasting technology. Dynamic design of blasting parameters is required before blasting operations. Each operation cycle of the tunnel face Carry out a dynamic adjustment of blasting parameters; among them, the specific process of dynamic design of blasting parameters is: before the blasting operation, first conduct a preliminary design of the blasting plan for the tunnel face excavation, obtain the designed charge quantity Q for the excavation section, and then predict the overpressure based on the air shock wave Formulas and vibration velocity prediction formulas are used to calculate the maximum charge quantity Q _max in the _excavation section under different tunnel face excavation distances R. When Q > Q _max , the blasting plan is re-designed. When Q < Q _max , the blasting plan is initially determined. Explosion plan and proceed to the next step;

S32. Conduct impact zoning assessment based on the initially determined blasting plan.

According to the air shock wave overpressure prediction formula and vibration speed prediction formula, the overpressure value and vibration speed under the conditions of the initially designed undercutting charge quantity Q and burst center distance R are predicted, and the overpressure predicted value ΔP _{predicted value} and vibration speed are predicted. The predicted value V _{predicted value} is compared with the control index ΔP _{control value} and V _{control value} ; where,

When ΔP _{predicted value} ≥ ΔP _{control value} and V _{predicted value} ≥ V _{control value} , the blasting area will be divided into severely affected areas. At this time, it is necessary to redesign the blasting plan, reduce the amount of charge in the excavation section, and at the same time, promptly carry out the blasting in the tunnel blasting area. Install the sound insulation and wave blocking trolley (patent authorization number: ZL 202120549379.7, a drilling and blasting tunnel sound insulation and wave blocking trolley structure);

When the ΔP _{predicted value} is less than 0.8ΔP _{control value} and the V _{predicted value} is less than 0.8V _{control value} , the blasting area is divided into a weakly affected area. At this time, the blasting is controlled directly according to the preliminary blasting plan;

When the ΔP _{predicted value} and ΔP _{control value} as well as the V _{predicted value} and V _{control value} meet other conditions, the blasting area is divided into a slightly affected area. At this time, a sound-insulating and wave-blocking trolley needs to be installed in the tunnel blasting area in time;

S33. After the blasting plan and impact zone control measures are determined, drill and blast construction will be carried out. During the construction, on-site monitoring will be carried out simultaneously in the non-blasting area, and based on the shock wave overpressure △P _{test value} , noise decibel L _{p test value} and vibration speed obtained from on-site monitoring, Timely adjustment of V _{test value} data affects zoning control measures; among them,

When △P _{test value} ≥ ΔP _{control value} , V _{test value} ≥ V _{control value} , L _{p test value} ≥ _{L p control value} , it is necessary to shorten the distance between the sound insulation wave blocking trolley and the tunnel face in the tunnel, and at the same time, the sound insulation wave blocking door opening Changed to double-layer sound insulation and wave blocking structure;

When the ΔP _{predicted value} is less than 0.8ΔP _{control value} , the V _{predicted value} is less than 0.8V _{control value} , and the L _{p test value} is less than 0.8L _{p control value} , the blasting is controlled directly according to the preliminary blasting plan;

When the ΔP _{test value} and ΔP _{predicted value} , the V _{test value} and V _{predicted value} , and the L _{p test value} and L _{p control value} meet other conditions, the distance between the sound insulation and wave blocking trolley and the tunnel face in the tunnel needs to be shortened.

Specifically, measuring points are arranged in the corners of houses in residential areas closest to the tunnel entrance, and blasting testers are used to collect vibration, air shock wave and noise data.

Specifically, the expression of the air shock wave overpressure prediction formula is:

Among them: Q is the dosage of the groove section, R is the burst center distance;

Specifically, the expression of the vibration speed prediction formula is:

Among them: R is the blast center distance, Q is the charge amount in the trenching section, V is the vibration speed, K, and α are the coefficients and attenuation indexes related to the terrain and geological conditions between the blasting point and the protected object.

Specifically, the air shock wave overpressure control value ΔP _control value is equal to 2.0kPa.

Specifically, the value of the blasting noise control value L _{p control value} depends on the time, which is 110 decibels at night and 125 decibels during the day.

Specifically, the blasting vibration control value V _{control value} of ground buildings should be determined in combination with the protection object category and the main frequency f of the monitoring point; where,

Situation 1: When the protection object is a rough stone house

When f≤10Hz, the V _{control value} ranges from 0.15 to 0.45/㎝·s ^-1 ;

When 10Hz<f≤50Hz, the V _{control value} ranges from 0.5 to 0.9/㎝·s ^-1 ;

When f>50Hz, the V _{control value} is 0.9~1.5/㎝·s ^-1 ;

Scenario 2: When the protected object is a civil building

When f≤10Hz, the V _{control value} is 1.5~2.0/㎝·s ^-1 ;

When 10Hz<f≤50Hz, the V _{control value} is 2.0~2.5/㎝·s ^-1 ;

When f>50Hz, the V _{control value} takes a value of 2.5~3.0/㎝·s ^-1 .

Compared with the existing technology, at least one embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention divides the tunnel into blasting areas and non-blasting areas through the soundproof and wave-blocking door opening structure, taking into account the environmental impact of blasting noise and air shock waves, and has a positive impact on blasting. The plan conducts an environmental impact assessment and adopts zoning control measures, dynamically adjusts blasting parameters, strictly controls the amount of explosives in the excavation section at different excavation distances at the tunnel face, and dynamically adjusts zoning control measures based on synchronous monitoring data at the construction site. , on the premise of ensuring construction safety and not affecting the construction progress, the blasting noise and air shock waves accompanying explosive rock breaking are absorbed or blocked in the blasting area, achieving refined control of the tunnel blasting process, and minimizing the impact on non-blasting areas. impact on nearby residents.

Description of the drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without exerting creative efforts.

Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of tunnel blasting construction according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of shock wave measuring points in the non-blasting zone of the tunnel according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", " "Back", "Left", "Right", "Vertical", "Horizontal", "Top", "Bottom", "Inside", "Outside", "Clockwise", "Counterclockwise", "Axis", The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "radial direction", "circumferential direction", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply the referred devices or components. Must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation and are therefore not to be construed as limitations of the invention.

In addition, the terms “first” and “second” are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more than two, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.

Referring to Figure 1, a safe construction method for controlling blasting noise and shock waves in tunnels close to residential areas includes the following steps:

S1. Preparation stage

Carry out an environmental survey in residential areas. The survey content includes the structural types of residential buildings, the safety conditions of building structures and the plane positions of surrounding buildings. Determine the closest position and minimum distance R _min between the building and the opening. Check the "Blasting Safety Regulations GB 6722-2014"" (referred to as "Explosion Regulations"), determine the air shock wave overpressure control value ΔP _{control value} , blasting noise control value L _{p control value} and blasting vibration speed control value V _{control value} according to the building protection level and personnel health requirements.

S2. Tunnel entry mechanical excavation stage

Within the range of 5 to 10m of the tunnel entrance, mechanical excavation is used to enter the tunnel, combined with arch support, advance support, short-footage excavation, step method to retain core soil, and timely sealing of inverts to ensure the structural safety of the tunnel after entry. After the conditions are met, the soundproof and wave-blocking door opening structure shall be constructed promptly, as shown in Figure 2;

S3. Tunnel body sound insulation and wave blocking controlled blasting stage

S31. The soundproof and wave-blocking door opening structure constructed in the early stage divides the tunnel into blasting areas and non-blasting areas. Tunnel excavation is carried out using differential blasting technology. Dynamic design of blasting parameters is required before blasting operations. Each operation cycle of the tunnel face Carry out a dynamic adjustment of blasting parameters; among them, the specific process of dynamic design of blasting parameters is: before the blasting operation, first conduct a preliminary design of the blasting plan for the tunnel face excavation, obtain the designed charge quantity Q for the excavation section, and then predict the overpressure based on the air shock wave Formulas and vibration velocity prediction formulas are used to calculate the maximum charge quantity Q _max in the _excavation section under different tunnel face excavation distances R. When Q > Q _max , the blasting plan is re-designed. When Q < Q _max , the blasting plan is initially determined. Explosion plan and proceed to the next step;

The expression of the air shock wave overpressure prediction formula is (Article 13.3.2 of "Explosion Regulations")):

The expression of the vibration speed prediction formula is (Article 13.2.4 of "Explosion Regulations"):

Among them: R is the blast center distance, Q is the charge amount in the trenching section, V is the vibration speed, K, and α are the coefficients and attenuation indexes related to the terrain and geological conditions between the blasting point and the protected object.

Taking a highway tunnel in Guizhou as an example, the distance between the tunnel entrance and the nearest building is 45m. At this time, the dosage Q of the _excavation section for each excavation distance R should meet Table 1.

Table 1 Calculation table for maximum chemical quantity in the groove section

Tunnel face excavation distance R _excavation /m 10 20 30 50 75 100 Explosion center distance R _total /m 55 65 75 95 120 145 Maximum chemical dosage in the groove section Q _max /kg 0.8 1.4 1.9 4.2 8.5 15.0

S32. Conduct impact zoning assessment based on the initially determined blasting plan.

According to the air shock wave overpressure prediction formula and vibration speed prediction formula, the overpressure value and vibration speed under the conditions of the initially designed undercutting charge quantity Q and burst center distance R are predicted, and the overpressure predicted value ΔP _{predicted value} and vibration speed are predicted. The predicted value V _{predicted value} is compared with the control index ΔP _{control value} and V _{control value} ; where,

When ΔP _{predicted value} ≥ ΔP _{control value} and V _{predicted value} ≥ V _{control value} , the blasting area will be divided into severely affected areas. At this time, it is necessary to redesign the blasting plan, reduce the amount of charge in the excavation section, and at the same time, promptly carry out the blasting in the tunnel blasting area. Install sound insulation and wave blocking trolley;

When the ΔP _{predicted value} is less than 0.8ΔP _{control value} and the V _{predicted value} is less than 0.8V _{control value} , the blasting area is divided into a weakly affected area. At this time, the blasting is controlled directly according to the preliminary blasting plan;

When the ΔP _{predicted value} and ΔP _{control value} and the V _{predicted value} and V _{control value} meet other conditions, that is, when the above two conditions are not met, the blasting area is divided into a slightly affected area. At this time, timely installation is required in the tunnel blasting area. Sound insulation and wave blocking trolley;

Among them, the sound-insulating wave-blocking door opening structure and the wave-blocking door curtain of the sound-insulating wave-blocking trolley are closed during blasting and are open the rest of the time to ensure transportation and ventilation in the tunnel. The sound-insulating wave blocking trolley moves forward following the excavation of the tunnel face. As for the specific structures of the sound-insulating and wave-blocking door openings and the sound-insulating and wave-blocking trolley, they are both existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

S33. After the blasting plan and impact zone control measures are determined, drill and blast construction will be carried out. During the construction, on-site monitoring will be carried out simultaneously in the non-blasting area, and based on the shock wave overpressure △P _{test value} , noise decibel L _{p test value} and vibration speed obtained from on-site monitoring, Timely adjustment of V _{test value} data affects zoning control measures; among them,

When △P _{test value} ≥ ΔP _{control value} , V _{test value} ≥ V _{control value} , L _{p test value} ≥ _{L p control value} , it is necessary to shorten the distance between the sound insulation wave blocking trolley and the tunnel face in the tunnel, and at the same time, the sound insulation wave blocking door opening Change to a double-layer sound insulation and wave-blocking structure (that is, design a double-layer wave blocking door curtain);

When the ΔP _{predicted value} is less than 0.8ΔP _{control value} , the V _{predicted value} is less than 0.8V _{control value} , and the L _{p test value} is less than 0.8L _{p control value} , the blasting is controlled directly according to the preliminary blasting plan;

When the ΔP _{test value} and ΔP _{predicted value} , V _{test value} and V _{predicted value} , and L _{p test value} and L _{p control value} meet other conditions, that is, when the above two conditions are not met, the sound insulation wave blocking platform in the tunnel needs to be shortened. The distance between the car and the tunnel face.

This invention divides the tunnel into blasting areas and non-blasting areas through the soundproof and wave-blocking door opening structure, takes into account the environmental impact of blasting noise and air shock waves, conducts environmental impact assessments on the blasting plan and adopts zoning control measures, and dynamically adjusts blasting parameters. , strictly control the amount of explosives in the excavation section at different excavation distances on the tunnel face, and dynamically adjust the impact zoning control measures based on synchronous monitoring data at the construction site. Under the premise of ensuring construction safety and not affecting the construction progress, the explosives are used to break the rock. The accompanying blasting noise and air shock waves are absorbed or blocked in the blasting area, achieving refined control of the tunnel blasting process and minimizing the impact on nearby residents in the non-blasting area.

Specifically, the specific process of simultaneously implementing on-site monitoring in non-blasting areas during construction is as follows:

① Blasting shock wave monitoring. Measurement points are arranged in key areas of the non-blasting area outside the tunnel, and blasting testers are used to monitor the data. As shown in Figure 3, measurement points are arranged in the corners of the houses closest to the tunnel entrance to collect air shock wave overpressure data. The shock wave overpressure required for the health of residents in residential areas should not exceed 2.0kPa. The shock wave overpressure required for the structural safety of various types of buildings should comply with the provisions of Table 2.

Table 2 Safety shock wave overpressure control values for various types of building structures

type Glass wooden doors and windows Brick exterior wall wooden roof tile roof Reinforced concrete roof house Reinforced concrete column Overpressure/kPa 2 2 2～9 2～9 2 9～25 40～55

② Blasting noise detection. Blasting noise is instantaneous noise, and the monitoring results are based on the highest decibel of the noise. The measuring point layout is the same as the blasting shock wave monitoring plan. Sudden noise from blasting in construction areas such as mines, water conservancy, transportation, railways, and infrastructure projects. No more than 110dB(A) at night and no more than 125dB(A) during the day.

③Monitoring of blasting vibration speed. The measuring point is selected as the particle peak vibration velocity of the foundation of the protected object, and the measuring point arrangement is the same as the blasting shock wave monitoring plan. The blasting vibration control value of ground buildings should be determined based on the protection object and the main frequency of the particle, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Blasting vibration safety allowable control value (㎝·s ^-1 )

Category of protected objects f≤10Hz 10Hz<f≤50Hz f>50Hz rubble house 0.15～0.45 0.5～0.9 0.9～1.5 General civil buildings 1.5～2.0 2.0～2.5 2.5～3.0

Unless otherwise stated in any of the technical solutions disclosed above, if a numerical range is disclosed, then the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range. Any person skilled in the art should understand that the preferred numerical range is only Among the many implementable values, the technical effect is more obvious or representative. Since there are too many numerical values to be exhaustive, the present invention only discloses some numerical values to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention. Furthermore, the numerical values listed above should not constitute a limitation on the scope of the invention.

At the same time, if the above-mentioned invention discloses or relates to components or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, fixed connection can be understood as: removably fixed connection (for example, using bolts or screws), or it can be It is understood as: non-detachable fixed connections (such as riveting, welding). Of course, the mutual fixed connections can also be replaced by an integrated structure (such as one-piece manufacturing using a casting process) (except for the obvious exception of the one-piece forming process).

In addition, unless otherwise stated, terms used to express positional relationships or shapes used in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention include their meanings include states or shapes that are similar, similar or close to them. Any component provided by the present invention can be assembled from multiple individual components, or it can be an individual component manufactured by an integrated forming process.

The above-described embodiments are merely examples to clearly illustrate the present invention, rather than limiting the implementation. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. An exhaustive list of all embodiments is neither necessary nor possible. However, obvious changes or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The safe construction method for controlling the blasting noise and the shock wave of the tunnels in the close vicinity of the residential areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, preparing a working stage;

determining air shock wave overpressure control value delta P according to building protection level and personnel health requirements _{Control value} Control value of blasting noise L _{p control value} And a blasting vibration speed control value V _{Control value} ；

S2, a mechanical excavation stage of tunnel entering;

adopting a mechanical excavation mode in a certain range of excavation entrance, and timely performing a sound-insulation wave-blocking door opening structure after the door opening construction condition is met;

s3, a sound-insulation wave-blocking control blasting stage of the tunnel body;

s31, dividing a tunnel into a blasting area and a non-blasting area by a sound insulation wave-blocking gate hole structure which is implemented in the earlier stage, adopting a differential blasting technology to excavate the tunnel, dynamically designing blasting parameters before blasting operation, and dynamically adjusting the blasting parameters once for each operation cycle of a tunnel face; the specific process of the dynamic design of the blasting parameters is as follows: firstly, initially designing a tunneling blasting scheme of a tunnel face before blasting operation to obtain the dosage Q of a designed cutting section, and then calculating tunneling distances R of different faces according to an air shock wave overpressure prediction formula and a vibration speed prediction formula _{Tunneling machine} Maximum dosage Q of lower cutting segment _max When Q > Q _max When Q < Q, the design of blasting scheme is carried out again _max When the blasting scheme is determined preliminarily, the next step is carried out;

s32, carrying out influence partition evaluation aiming at the preliminary determined blasting scheme;

according to an air shock wave overpressure prediction formula and a vibration velocity prediction formula, predicting overpressure value and vibration velocity under the conditions of preliminarily designed slitting dosage Q and explosion center distance R, and predicting overpressure predicted value delta P _{Predictive value} Predicted value V of vibration velocity _{Predictive value} And control index DeltaP _{Control value} 、V _{Control value} Comparing; wherein,

when DeltaP _{Predictive value} ≥ΔP _{Control value} ，V _{Predictive value} ≥V _{Control value} When the blasting area is divided into severe influence areas, at the moment, the blasting scheme needs to be redesigned, the dosage of the cut-out section is reduced, and meanwhile, the sound-insulation wave-blocking trolley is timely installed in the tunnel blasting area;

when DeltaP _{Predictive value} ＜0.8ΔP _{Control value} ，V _{Predictive value} ＜0.8V _{Control value} Dividing the blasting area into weak influence areas, and controlling blasting according to a preliminary determined blasting scheme;

when DeltaP _{Predictive value} And delta P _{Control value} V (V) _{Predictive value} And V is equal to _{Control value} Under other conditions, dividing the blasting area into slight influence areas, and at the moment, timely installing a sound-insulation wave-blocking trolley in the tunnel blasting area;

s33, drilling and blasting construction is carried out after the blasting scheme and the influence partition control measures are determined, in the construction, on-site monitoring is synchronously carried out in a non-blasting area, and the overpressure delta P of the shock wave is obtained according to the on-site monitoring _{Test value} Decibel L of noise _{p test value} Sum vibration velocity V _{Test value} The data timely adjusts and influences partition control measures; wherein,

when DeltaP _{Test value} ≥ΔP _{Control value} ，V _{Test value} ≥V _{Control value} ，L _{p test value} ≥L _{p control value} When the tunnel is used, the distance between the sound-insulating wave-blocking trolley and the tunnel face in the tunnel is required to be shortened, and meanwhile, the sound-insulating wave-blocking door opening is changed into a double-layer sound-insulating wave-blocking structure;

when DeltaP _{Predictive value} ＜0.8ΔP _{Control value} ，V _{Predictive value} ＜0.8V _{Control value} ，L _{p test value} ＜0.8L _{p control value} When the blasting scheme is determined, the blasting is controlled directly according to the preliminary blasting scheme;

when DeltaP _{Test value} And delta P _{Predictive value} 、V _{Test value} And V is equal to _{Predictive value} L and _{p test value} And L is equal to _{p control value} When other conditions are met, the distance between the sound-insulation wave-blocking trolley and the tunnel face in the tunnel needs to be shortened.

2. The method for safe construction of blasting noise and shock wave control of tunnels in the immediate vicinity of the residential area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and arranging measuring points at corners of residential houses closest to the tunnel portal, and collecting vibration, air shock wave and noise data by using a blasting tester.

3. The method for safe construction of blasting noise and shock wave control of tunnels in the immediate vicinity of the residential area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the expression of the air shock wave overpressure prediction formula is:

wherein: q is the dosage of the cutting segment, and R is the explosive distance.

4. The method for safe construction of blasting noise and shock wave control of tunnels in the immediate vicinity of the residential area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the expression of the vibration velocity prediction formula is:

wherein: r is the explosive distance, Q is the explosive quantity of the cutting segment, V is the vibration speed, K and alpha are coefficients and attenuation indexes related to the terrain and geological conditions from the explosive point to the protected object.

5. The method for safe construction of blasting noise and shock wave control of tunnels in the immediate vicinity of the residential area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: air shock wave overpressure control value deltaP _{Control value} The value of (2) is equal to 2.0kPa.

6. The method for safe construction of blasting noise and shock wave control of tunnels in the immediate vicinity of the residential area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: blasting noise control value L _{p control value} For different time, 110db at night and 125db at day.

7. The method for safe construction of blasting noise and shock wave control of tunnels in the immediate vicinity of the residential area according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: blasting vibration control value V of ground building _{Control value} Should be determined in conjunction with the protected object class and the monitored point master frequency f; wherein,

in case one, when the protection object is a rubble house

When f is less than or equal to 10Hz, V _{Control value} The value is 0.15 to 0.45/. Cm.s ^-1 ；

When 10Hz<When f is less than or equal to 50Hz, V _{Control value} The value is 0.5 to 0.9/. Cm.s ^-1 ；

When f>At 50Hz, V _{Control value} The value is 0.9 to 1.5/. Cm.s ^-1 ；

Second case, when the protected object is a civil building

When f is less than or equal to 10Hz, V _{Control value} The value is 1.5 to 2.0/. Cm.s ^-1 ；

When 10Hz<When f is less than or equal to 50Hz, V _{Control value} The value is 2.0 to 2.5/. Cm.s ^-1 ；

When f>At 50Hz, V _{Control value} The value is 2.5 to 3.0/. Cm.s ^-1 。