CN117364077A - Copper-based laser cladding material, powder, coating and preparation method - Google Patents

Copper-based laser cladding material, powder, coating and preparation method Download PDF

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CN117364077A
CN117364077A CN202311632889.0A CN202311632889A CN117364077A CN 117364077 A CN117364077 A CN 117364077A CN 202311632889 A CN202311632889 A CN 202311632889A CN 117364077 A CN117364077 A CN 117364077A
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powder
copper
laser cladding
based laser
cladding
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蔡圳阳
李星
赵小军
肖来荣
刘赛男
姜玉祥
李艳苗
钟琦
孙洋洋
张亚芳
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Central South University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
    • B22F1/107—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material containing organic material comprising solvents, e.g. for slip casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/12—Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/026—Spray drying of solutions or suspensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding of copper alloy matrix surfaces, and in particular relates to a copper-based laser cladding material, powder, a coating and a preparation method, wherein the copper-based laser cladding material comprises the following components in percentage by weight, cu is 48-67%,Cr 28~47%，TiO 2 3-7% of CeO 2 0.4-0.8%; the invention has better hardness, wear resistance and conductivity.

Description

Copper-based laser cladding material, powder, coating and preparation method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding of copper alloy matrix surfaces, and particularly relates to a copper-based laser cladding material, powder, a coating and a preparation method.
Background
Copper alloy has good electric and heat conductivity, and is widely applied to the technical departments of electronic, electric and mechanical manufacturing. However, with the continuous development of various industries, the performance of the traditional copper alloy cannot meet the use requirements in some special working environments, so that the use performance of the copper alloy needs to be further improved by adopting a laser cladding material surface modification means. The coaxial powder feeding laser cladding is a technical means widely applied to the surface modification of metal materials, and can effectively improve the surface performance of a metal matrix so as to adapt to special working environments.
Zhang Weiping, ma Haibo. Copper alloy surface laser cladding research status, mechanical engineering materials, 2009 (9): 4.DOI: CNKI: SUN: GXGC.0.2009-09-003: in view of the physicochemical properties of copper alloy, the laser cladding materials currently used for the surface of copper alloy mainly comprise nickel-based alloy, cobalt-based alloy, iron-based alloy and metal ceramic. The first three are autolytic alloy powders. The materials are added with elements such as silicon, boron and the like with strong deoxidizing and self-fluxing actions, in the laser melting process, the elements such as silicon, boron and the like have a slag forming function, and the elements are preferentially melted together with oxygen in alloy powder and oxides on the surface of a workpiece to generate borosilicate with low melting point and the like to cover the surface of a molten pool, so that the excessive oxidation of liquid metal is prevented, the wettability of the melt to the base metal is improved, the inclusion and oxygen content in a cladding layer are reduced, and the process formability of the cladding layer is improved.
The nickel-based self-fluxing alloy powder has good wettability, corrosion resistance and high-temperature self-sliding performance, and is mainly suitable for parts requiring local wear resistance, heat resistance and fatigue resistance; the cobalt-based self-fluxing alloy powder has good high-temperature performance, corrosion resistance and wear resistance; the iron-based alloy powder is suitable for fog pieces which are required to be locally wear-resistant and easy to deform; the ceramic powder can obtain higher strength at high temperature, has good thermal stability and high chemical stability, and is suitable for parts requiring wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and oxidation resistance.
Among the above material systems, the nickel-based alloy cladding layer is most widely used, and besides the nickel-based alloy itself having good wear resistance and corrosion resistance, a certain toughness and good wetting and lubricating properties, the atomic radii, density and heat of copper and nickel are very close, and copper and nickel have face-centered cubic structures, can form infinite or limited mutual solubility in both solid and liquid states, and are favorable for forming good metallurgical bonding between the substrate and the cladding layer. Liu and the like adopt a method of firstly hot spraying and then laser remelting, and cladding materials prepared by adding copper powder into nickel-based alloy powder are clad on the surface of pure copper, so that the binding force between a cladding layer and a matrix is increased, and defects such as cracks and air holes are reduced.
CN113388832a discloses a copper-based composite material with a high hard conductive surface and a laser additive manufacturing method thereof, wherein copper is used as a matrix, and a Fe-based coating and a Cr-based coating are sequentially arranged on the surface of the copper matrix; the method overcomes the huge physical property difference of copper and chromium, solves the difficult problem of preparing a chromium layer with high binding force on the surface of a copper workpiece, ensures that the surface of the copper workpiece has high hard conductivity, and effectively improves the wear resistance of the copper workpiece under the condition of keeping enough electrical characteristics. Compared with common 304 stainless steel, the conductivity is improved by more than 5 times, the maximum IACS is 16.8 percent, and the micro Vickers hardness is 420HV.
Electrical contact materials, such as electrical contacts, are required to have high wear resistance and certain electrical conductivity. The Cu-based metal is required to be doped and reinforced to improve the wear resistance, so that the electron scattering effect in the metal matrix can be enhanced, and the conductivity is influenced. The coating layer is generally preferably capable of retaining 25% IACS or more, has a hardness of 200HV or more, and has a higher abrasion resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a copper-based laser cladding material, powder, coating and a preparation method, which have better hardness, wear resistance and conductivity.
The embodiment of the invention provides a copper-based laser cladding material which comprises, by weight, 48-67% of Cu, 28-47% of Cr and 28-47% of TiO 2 3-7% of CeO 2 0.4-0.8%。
Preferably, the copper-based laser cladding material comprises the following components in percentage by weight 2 4-6% of CeO 2 0.4-0.8%。
As an example, the Cu, cr, tiO 2 And CeO 2 All are powder, and the grain size is 300-500 meshes.
The invention provides copper-based laser cladding powder, which is prepared by mixing copper-based laser cladding materials, adding a dispersing agent and a binder, uniformly mixing, granulating by adopting a spray drying mode, and sintering the granulated powder (the heating speed is 2 ℃/min) at 300-400 ℃ for 4 hours to obtain the laser cladding powder with the diameter of 50-70 mu m.
Preferably, the dispersing agent is water, and the binder is polyvinyl alcohol.
The mixture of copper-based laser cladding material, dispersant and binder preferably has a binder content of 0.6-0.8wt%, a dispersant content of 49.2-49.4 wt% and a solid content of 50%. Preferably, ball milling is used to mix them uniformly.
As an example, in the spray drying mode, the temperature of the air inlet is 280-320 ℃, the temperature of the air outlet is 70-90 ℃, and the rotation frequency of the atomizer is 35Hz.
The invention provides a preparation method of a copper-based laser cladding coating, which comprises the steps of spraying copper-based laser cladding powder on the surface of a copper alloy substrate (preferably adopting coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment and a nitrogen carrier), and melting and coating the copper-based laser cladding powder on the surface of the copper alloy substrate in a laser cladding mode to obtain the copper-based laser cladding coating, wherein the thickness of the copper-based laser cladding coating is 1.5-2.8 mm.
As an embodiment, the temperature of the copper alloy substrate is 300-400 ℃, and the copper alloy substrate can be preheated by a heating laser source or acetylene flame to reach the temperature. The copper alloy substrate is sanded with sandpaper to remove greasy dirt oxides.
As an embodiment, the working parameters of the laser cladding are: cladding light spot diameter 5 mm, laser power 4200-5200W, powder feeding rate 8-28g/min, scanning speed 25-45 mm/s, overlap ratio 45-85%, and cladding times 2-4.
The invention provides a copper-based laser cladding coating, which is obtained by adopting the preparation method of the copper-based laser cladding coating.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the coating adopts Cu powder, cr powder and TiO 2 Powder and CeO 2 Powder four raw material powder, preparing Cu-Cr-TiO by using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder through a planetary ball mill 2 -CeO 2 Preparing powder prefabricated material by spray drying the slurry, and finally removing binder by sintering at 300-400 ℃ to obtain Cu-Cr-TiO 2 -CeO 2 And (5) cladding the powder by spherical laser. And preparing the laser cladding layer by using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment and taking argon, nitrogen or helium as carrier gas. The Cr has extremely high hardness, the solubility of the Cr and Cu is less than 0.4 percent at normal temperature, a solid solution phase cannot be formed, the influence on the conductivity of the alloy material is small, and the hardness and the friction and wear resistance of the coating material can be effectively improved. Titanium dioxide is a compound with high hardness, has a melting point of 1840 ℃, can be used for laser cladding, and can provide good friction and wear resistance for coating materials and improve coating hardness. The cerium oxide is effective in improving the flowability of the titanium dioxide in the matrix, and making the titanium dioxide more easily flow to the surface of the coating.
The spray drying technology is used for preparing the laser cladding powder, so that the cladding powder with high sphericity and strong fluidity can be prepared, the powder conveying pipe is effectively prevented from being blocked, the powder is uniformly melted, a uniform molten pool can be formed, and metallurgical bonding is formed with the matrix.
The invention adopts Cu, cr, tiO 2 And CeO 2 The powder is used as the original powder of the copper alloy wear-resistant coating, wherein the Cu powder matrix can ensure that the coating has good conductivity and can form good metallurgical bonding with the copper alloy of the matrix. Cr and TiO 2 The powder provides higher hardness and good resistance to frictional wear to the coating. The coating was tested using a vickers hardness tester to find a hardness in the range 160-220 HV; the average friction coefficient is 0.19-0.43 and the mass abrasion rate is 9-17mg/km measured by using dry sliding friction abrasion test equipment (refer to GB/T12444-2006) and using a GCr15 steel ring with the surface roughness of 0.8 and the outer diameter of 40mm as a friction pair under the loading pressure of 20N.
The invention adopts spray drying and laser cladding technology, can effectively improve powder fluidity, optimize cladding melting effect, has high production speed and high product quality stability, and is suitable for mass industrialized production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a spray drying apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of laser cladding.
FIG. 3 shows laser cladding of Cu-Cr-TiO of example 1 (left), example 2 (middle) and example 3 (right) 2 -CeO 2 Macroscopic morphology of the coating.
FIG. 4 shows a laser cladding Cu-Cr-TiO of example 1 2 -CeO 2 Microscopic cross-sectional morphology of the cladding.
FIG. 5 shows a laser cladding Cu-Cr-TiO of example 1 2 -CeO 2 Microscopic cross-section element profile of the coating.
FIG. 6 shows a laser cladding of Cu-Cr-TiO according to example 1 2 -CeO 2 X-ray diffraction pattern of the coating.
FIG. 7 shows laser cladding of Cu-Cr-TiO of example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1 2 -CeO 2 Vickers hardness of the coating.
FIG. 8 shows laser cladding of Cu-Cr-TiO of example 1, example 2, example 3 and comparative example 1 2 -CeO 2 Mass wear rate of the coating.
Detailed Description
The following further details the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be noted that the detailed description is only of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention.
The invention adopts coaxial powder feeding laser cladding to prepare Cu-Cr-TiO on the copper alloy matrix 2 -CeO 2 The steps of the wear-resistant coating are as follows:
(1) Weighing Cu powder, cr powder and TiO powder with corresponding masses by using a test balance 2 Powder and CeO 2 Mixing the powder, wherein the mass ratio of the powder is 48-67% of Cu powder, 28-47% of Cr powder and TiO 2 3-7% of powder and CeO 2 0.4-0.8% of powder;
(2) Adding weighed powder into deionized water serving as a dispersing agent, and preparing Cu-Cr-TiO by taking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder 2 -CeO2 slurry, binder content of 0.6-0.8wt%, dispersant content of 49.2-49.4 wt% and solid content of 50%; mixing the slurry by a planetary ball mill at a ball-to-material ratio of 1:1 for 4 hours;
(3) Preparing Cu-Cr-TiO suitable for laser cladding by adopting spray drying mode 2 -CeO 2 The temperature of the air inlet of the spherical powder material is 280-320 ℃, the temperature of the air outlet of the spherical powder material is 70-90 ℃, and the rotation frequency of the atomizer is 35Hz; sintering the granulated powder for 4 hours at 300-400 ℃ to remove the binder, thus obtaining laser cladding powder;
(4) Polishing the surface of the copper alloy matrix by sand paper to remove greasy dirt oxide, and adding laser cladding powder into a charging barrel of coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment;
(5) Preheating a copper alloy matrix by using a heating laser source or acetylene flame, and heating to enable the temperature of the matrix to reach 300 ℃; spraying powder in a charging barrel on a substrate from a nozzle by using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment and taking nitrogen as carrier gas, and melting and cladding the powder on the surface of a copper alloy substrate by cladding laser, wherein the parameters are as follows: the diameter of the cladding light spot is 5 mm,the laser power is 4200W-5200W, the powder feeding rate is 8-28g/min, the scanning speed is 25-mm/s-45-mm/s, the lap joint rate is 45-85%, the cladding times are 2-4, and finally the wear-resistant Cu-Cr-TiO with the coating thickness of 1.5-2.8 mm is obtained 2 -CeO 2 Coating the test specimen.
Example 1
(1) Weighing Cu powder, cr powder and TiO powder with corresponding masses by using a test balance 2 Powder and CeO 2 Powder is mixed, the mass ratio of the powder is 64.6% of Cu powder, 32% of Cr powder and TiO 2 Powder 3%, ceO 2 0.4% of powder;
(2) Adding weighed powder into deionized water serving as a dispersing agent, and preparing Cu-Cr-TiO by taking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder 2 -CeO 2 The slurry contains 0.6wt% of binder, 49.4. 49.4 wt% of dispersant and 50% of solid; mixing the slurry by a planetary ball mill at a ball-to-material ratio of 1:1 for 4 hours;
(3) Preparing Cu-Cr-TiO suitable for laser cladding by adopting spray drying mode 2 -CeO 2 Spherical powder material, wherein the temperature of an air inlet is 280 ℃, the temperature of an air outlet is 70 ℃, and the rotation frequency of an atomizer is 35Hz; sintering the granulated powder for 4 hours at 300 ℃ to remove the binder, thereby obtaining laser cladding powder;
(4) Polishing the surface of the copper alloy matrix by sand paper to remove greasy dirt oxide, and adding laser cladding powder into a charging barrel of coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment;
(5) Preheating a copper alloy matrix by using a heating laser source, and heating to enable the temperature of the matrix to reach 300 ℃; spraying powder in a charging barrel on a substrate from a nozzle by using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment and taking nitrogen as carrier gas, and melting and cladding the powder on the surface of a copper alloy substrate by cladding laser, wherein the parameters are as follows: cladding light spot diameter 5 mm, laser power 4200W, powder feeding rate 12g/min, scanning speed 25 mm/s, overlap ratio 50%, cladding times 2 times, finally obtaining wear-resistant Cu-Cr-TiO with coating thickness 1.7 mm 2 -CeO 2 Coating the test specimen.
(6) The obtained cladding layer was subjected to performance test, and hardness thereof was 158.3HV by using vickers hardness tester, and 0.38 friction coefficient, mass abrasion rate of 18mg/km and electrical conductivity of 28.2 IACS were measured under 20N loading pressure by using a GCr15 steel ring with surface roughness of 0.8 and outer diameter of 40mm as a friction pair using a dry sliding frictional wear test apparatus (see GB/T12444-2006).
Example 2
(1) Weighing Cu powder, cr powder and TiO powder with corresponding mass by using a test balance 2 Powder and CeO 2 Powder is mixed, the mass ratio of the powder is 49.4 percent of Cu powder, 45 percent of Cr powder and TiO powder 2 Powder 5%, ceO 2 0.6% of powder;
(2) Adding weighed powder into deionized water serving as a dispersing agent, and preparing Cu-Cr-TiO by taking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder 2 -CeO 2 The slurry contains 0.6wt% of binder, 49.4. 49.4 wt% of dispersant and 50% of solid; mixing the slurry by a planetary ball mill at a ball-to-material ratio of 1:1 for 4 hours;
(3) Preparing Cu-Cr-TiO suitable for laser cladding by adopting spray drying mode 2 -CeO 2 Spherical powder material, wherein the temperature of an air inlet is 300 ℃, the temperature of an air outlet is 75 ℃, and the rotation frequency of an atomizer is 35Hz; sintering the granulated powder for 4 hours at 350 ℃ to remove the binder, thus obtaining laser cladding powder;
(4) Polishing the surface of the copper alloy matrix by sand paper to remove greasy dirt oxide, and adding laser cladding powder into a charging barrel of coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment;
(5) Preheating a copper alloy matrix by using a heating laser source, and heating to enable the temperature of the matrix to reach 350 ℃; spraying powder in a charging barrel on a substrate from a nozzle by using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment and taking nitrogen as carrier gas, and melting and cladding the powder on the surface of a copper alloy substrate by cladding laser, wherein the parameters are as follows: cladding light spot diameter 5 mm, laser power 4800W, powder feeding rate 18g/min, scanning speed 30 mm/s, overlap ratio 70%, cladding times 4 times, finally obtaining wear-resistant Cu-Cr-TiO with coating thickness 2.6mm 2 -CeO 2 Coating the test specimen.
(6) The obtained cladding layer was subjected to performance test, the hardness was 182.2HV by using vickers hardness tester, and the friction coefficient was 0.23, the mass abrasion rate was 15mg/km, and the electrical conductivity was 27.3 IACS by using a GCr15 steel ring with a surface roughness of 0.8 and an outer diameter of 40mm as a friction pair under a loading pressure of 20N using a dry sliding frictional wear test apparatus (see GB/T12444-2006).
Example 3
(1) Weighing Cu powder, cr powder and TiO powder with corresponding mass by using a test balance 2 Powder and CeO 2 Powder is mixed, the mass ratio of the powder is 49.2 percent of Cu powder, 45 percent of Cr powder and TiO powder 2 Powder 5%, ceO 2 0.8% of powder;
(2) Adding weighed powder into deionized water serving as a dispersing agent, and preparing Cu-Cr-TiO by taking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binder 2 -CeO 2 The slurry contains 0.6wt% of binder, 49.4. 49.4 wt% of dispersant and 50% of solid; mixing the slurry by a planetary ball mill at a ball-to-material ratio of 1:1 for 4 hours;
(3) Preparing Cu-Cr-TiO suitable for laser cladding by adopting spray drying mode 2 -CeO 2 Spherical powder material, the temperature of the air inlet is 320 ℃, the temperature of the air outlet is 80 ℃, and the rotation frequency of the atomizer is 35Hz; sintering the granulated powder for 4 hours at 380 ℃ to remove the binder, thereby obtaining laser cladding powder;
(4) Polishing the surface of the copper alloy matrix by sand paper to remove greasy dirt oxide, and adding laser cladding powder into a charging barrel of coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment;
(5) Preheating a copper alloy matrix by using a heating laser source, and heating to enable the temperature of the matrix to reach 350 ℃; spraying powder in a charging barrel on a substrate from a nozzle by using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment and taking nitrogen as carrier gas, and melting and cladding the powder on the surface of a copper alloy substrate by cladding laser, wherein the parameters are as follows: cladding light spot diameter 5 mm, laser power 5000W, powder feeding rate 20g/min, scanning speed 35 mm/s, overlap ratio 80%, cladding times 4 times, finally obtaining wear-resistant Cu-Cr-TiO with coating thickness 2.8mm 2 -CeO 2 Coating the test specimen.
(6) The obtained cladding layer was subjected to performance test, and the hardness thereof was 196.7HV using a Vickers hardness tester, and a GCr15 steel ring having a surface roughness of 0.8 and an outer diameter of 40mm was used as a friction pair under a loading pressure of 20N using a dry sliding frictional wear test device (refer to GB/T12444-2006), and a friction coefficient of 0.21, a mass wear rate of 14mg/km, and an electrical conductivity of 26.8IACS were measured.
Comparative example 1
(1) Weighing Cu powder, cr powder and TiO powder with corresponding mass by using a test balance 2 Powder and CeO 2 Powder is mixed, the mass ratio of the powder is 64.6% of Cu powder, 32% of Cr powder and TiO 2 Powder 3%, ceO 2 0.4% of powder, and putting the mixed powder into a powder mixer to mix for 8 hours to obtain uniform powder;
(2) The surface of the copper alloy matrix is wiped in the same direction by sand paper to remove greasy dirt oxide;
(3) Adding the powder uniformly mixed by a powder mixer into a charging barrel of a coaxial powder feeding laser cladding device, fixing a copper alloy substrate cleaned by sand paper on a workbench of the coaxial powder feeding laser cladding device, starting the laser cladding device and completing the inspection of each system before cladding;
(4) Preheating a copper alloy matrix by using a heating laser source, and heating to enable the temperature of the matrix to reach 300 ℃; spraying powder in a charging barrel on a substrate from a nozzle by using coaxial powder feeding laser cladding equipment and taking nitrogen as carrier gas, and melting and cladding the powder on the surface of a copper alloy substrate by cladding laser, wherein the parameters are as follows: cladding light spot diameter 5 mm, laser power 4200W, powder feeding rate 12g/min, scanning speed 25 mm/s, overlap ratio 50%, cladding times 2 times, finally obtaining wear-resistant Cu-Cr-TiO with coating thickness 1.7 mm 2 -CeO 2 Coating the test specimen.
(5) Performing performance test on the obtained cladding layer, and obtaining the hardness of 137.8 HV by using a Vickers hardness tester; using dry sliding frictional wear test equipment (see GB/T12444-2006), a GCr15 steel ring with a surface roughness of 0.8 and an outer diameter of 40mm was used as a friction pair under a loading pressure of 20N, and a friction coefficient of 0.37 and a mass wear rate of 19 mg/km were measured. Because of the poor fluidity of the laser cladding powder for spray granulation, the cladding efficiency is low, the powder feeding pipe is blocked in the cladding process for a plurality of times, and the conductivity is 17.2 IACS.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is different from example 3 in that the ratio of the powder is different, and the ratio of comparative example 2 is: 49.2% of Cu powder, 45% of Cr powder and ZrO 2 Powder 5%, Y 2 O 3 Powder 0.8%, otherwise the same as in example 3. The hardness was 109.3, the mass abrasion rate was 34 mg/km, and the electrical conductivity was 29.3IACS, as measured by the same test method as in example 3.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 is different from example 3 in that the ratio of the powder is different, and the ratio of comparative example 3 is: 45% of Cu powder, 39% of Cr powder and TiO 2 Powder 4%, ceO 2 0.6% of powder, 5.4% of Fe and 6% of Ni. Otherwise, the same as in example 3 was used. The hardness was 142.4, the mass abrasion rate was 21.3 mg/km, and the electrical conductivity was 11.2 IACS, as measured by the same test method as in example 3.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 is different from example 3 in that the granulated powder was sintered at 600 c for 4 hours to obtain a laser cladding powder. Otherwise, the same as in example 3 was used. The hardness was 137.3, the mass abrasion rate was 29 mg/km, and the electrical conductivity was 22.3 IACS, as measured by the same test method as in example 3.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: the discussion of any of the embodiments above is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present application is limited to such examples; combinations of features of the above embodiments or in different embodiments are also possible within the spirit of the application, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of one or more embodiments described above which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
One or more embodiments herein are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the present application. Any omissions, modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like, which are within the spirit and principles of the one or more embodiments in the present application, are therefore intended to be included within the scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The copper-based laser cladding material is characterized by comprising, by weight, 48-67% of Cu, 28-47% of Cr and 28-47% of TiO 2 3-7% of CeO 2 0.4-0.8%。
2. The copper-based laser cladding material according to claim 1, which comprises, by weight, 48-55% of Cu, 40-47% of Cr and 40-47% of TiO 2 4-6% of CeO 2 0.4-0.8%。
3. The copper-based laser cladding material of claim 1, wherein Cu, cr, tiO 2 And CeO 2 All are powder, and the grain size is 300-500 meshes.
4. A copper-based laser cladding powder, characterized in that the preparation method comprises the steps of mixing the copper-based laser cladding material according to any one of claims 1-3, adding a dispersing agent and a binder, uniformly mixing, granulating by adopting a spray drying mode, and sintering the granulated powder at 300-400 ℃ to obtain the laser cladding powder.
5. The copper-based laser cladding powder according to claim 4, wherein the dispersant is water and the binder is polyvinyl alcohol.
6. The copper-based laser cladding powder according to claim 4, wherein in the spray drying mode, the temperature of the air inlet is 280-320 ℃ and the temperature of the air outlet is 70-90 ℃.
7. A method for preparing a copper-based laser cladding coating, which is characterized in that the copper-based laser cladding powder according to any one of claims 4-6 is sprayed on the surface of a copper alloy substrate, and the copper-based laser cladding powder is melted and coated on the surface of the copper alloy substrate in a laser cladding mode to obtain the copper-based laser cladding coating.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the copper alloy substrate is 300-400 ℃.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the laser cladding has operating parameters of: cladding light spot diameter 5 mm, laser power 4200-5200W, powder feeding rate 8-28g/min, scanning speed 25-45 mm/s, overlap ratio 45-85%, and cladding times 2-4.
10. A copper-based laser cladding coating obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
CN202311632889.0A 2023-12-01 2023-12-01 Copper-based laser cladding material, powder, coating and preparation method Pending CN117364077A (en)

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