CN117362576A - 水性聚氨酯脲分散体 - Google Patents
水性聚氨酯脲分散体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN117362576A CN117362576A CN202311365659.2A CN202311365659A CN117362576A CN 117362576 A CN117362576 A CN 117362576A CN 202311365659 A CN202311365659 A CN 202311365659A CN 117362576 A CN117362576 A CN 117362576A
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- polyurethaneurea
- aqueous
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- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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Abstract
本发明涉及水性聚氨酯脲分散体,水性聚氨酯脲分散体的制备方法,包含其的粘合剂,以及粘合剂粘结得到的粘合制品。该水性聚氨酯脲分散体包含分散在其中的聚氨酯脲,聚氨酯脲由包含下列组分的体系反应得到:一多异氰酸酯混合物;一熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇,熔融温度使用Perkin‑Elmer公司的DSC‑7根据DIN 65467在20℃‑100℃测得,取自第一次升温曲线;一乳化剂;可选的一单羟基聚醚和可选的一二胺;多异氰酸酯混合物包含六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的量为0.01重量%‑25重量%,二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量为0.01重量%‑6重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。包含本发明的水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粘合剂具有低活化温度和良好的机械性能。
Description
本申请是一项发明专利申请的分案申请,其母案的申请日为2020年3月23日、申请号为202080026422.X(PCT/EP2020/057934)、发明名称为“水性聚氨酯脲分散体”。
技术领域
本发明涉及水性聚氨酯脲分散体及其制备方法,包含其的粘合剂,以及粘合剂粘结得到的粘合制品。
背景技术
当水性聚氨酯脲分散体用作粘结基材的粘合剂时,常常使用热活化方法。在这一方法中,水性聚氨酯脲分散体被施涂于基材上,待分散体中的水完全蒸发时,粘合剂通过加热被活化从而具有粘性,加热的方法可以是红外线辐射器。粘合剂转变为具有粘性的温度被称为粘合剂的活化温度。如果粘合剂的活化温度高就意味着粘合剂活化需要的能量高,且手工粘结变得不可能,因此,行业内一般希望粘合剂具有较低的活化温度。
US4870129公开了一种适用于热活化方法的基于水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粘合剂,通过包含六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯的反应得到水性聚氨酯脲分散体,粘合剂的活化温度是40℃-80℃。
EP-A0304718公开了一种粘合剂,其中的水性聚氨酯脲分散体通过包含特定的氨基化合物的反应得到,该特定的氨基化合物是伯和/或仲单氨基化合物,任选与具有1-1.9平均氨基官能度的伯和/仲二氨基化合物掺混。反应中的异氰酸酯预聚物的异氰酸酯基团与对异氰酸酯呈活性的氢原子的总量的当量比是0.5:1-0.98:1。
US8557387公开了一种粘合剂,其中的水性聚氨酯脲分散体通过包含氨基官能度1.65-1.95的氨基混合物和预聚物的反应得到,预聚物的异氰酸酯基团含量占异氰酸酯反应性的氨基化合物和异氰酸酯反应性的羟基化合物的量的1.04-1.9。
上述粘合剂都具有较低的活化温度,但是机械性能差,具体表现在不能兼具高断裂伸长率和高拉伸强度。
US6017997公开了一种水性聚氨酯脲分散体,其通过包含含两个或两个以上活性氢的聚合物多元醇的反应制备得到,聚合物多元醇在低于32℃时呈液态。该水性聚氨酯脲分散体形成的膜具有良好的机械性能,拉伸强度大于24MPa,100%模量小于3.1MPa。然而,该水性聚氨酯脲分散体不适用于热活化,因此不能应用于粘合剂领域。
因此,行业内希望开发一种既具有低活化温度,又具有良好的机械性能的粘合剂,具体表现为具有高断裂伸长率和高拉伸强度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种水性聚氨酯脲分散体及其制备方法,包含其的粘合剂,以及粘合剂粘结得到的粘合制品。
根据本发明的水性聚氨酯脲分散体,包含分散在其中的聚氨酯脲,所述聚氨酯脲由包含下列组分的体系反应得到:
A)一多异氰酸酯混合物;
B)一熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇,熔融温度使用Perkin-Elmer公司的DSC-7根据DIN 65467在20℃-100℃测得,取自第一次升温曲线;
C)一乳化剂;
D)可选的一单羟基聚醚;和
E)可选的一二胺;
所述多异氰酸酯混合物包含六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的量为0.01重量%-25重量%,二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量为0.01重量%-6重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了用于制备根据本发明的水性聚氨酯脲分散体的方法,包含以下步骤:
a.使多异氰酸酯混合物、熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇和可选的一单羟基聚醚中的一些或全部反应获得一预聚物,反应在可选的可与水混溶但对异氰酸酯基呈惰性的溶剂存在下进行或者反应后加入可选的可与水混溶但对异氰酸酯基呈惰性的溶剂溶解预聚物;
b.使所述预聚物、乳化剂、在所述步骤a没有添加的多异氰酸酯混合物、在所述步骤a没有添加的熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇,在所述步骤a没有添加的可选的一单羟基聚醚和可选的一二胺反应获得所述聚氨酯脲;和
c.在步骤b之前、期间或者之后引入水和可选的乳化剂获得所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体。
根据本发明的又一方面,本发明提供了一种包含根据本发明所提供的水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粘合剂。
根据本发明的再一方面,本发明提供了一种含有用根据本发明所提供的粘合剂粘结的基材的粘合制品。
根据本发明的另一方面,本发明提供了根据本发明所提供的水性聚氨酯脲分散体在粘合制品的生产中的用途。
水性聚氨酯脲分散体的活化温度与制备其的结晶型聚酯多元醇的熔融温度密切相关。较低的聚酯多元醇熔融温度代表较低的水性聚氨酯脲分散体活化温度。
本发明的水性聚氨酯脲分散体适用于涂料、粘合剂、密封剂或印刷油墨等领域,尤其适用于粘合剂。包含本发明的水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粘合剂既具有低活化温度,又具有良好的断裂伸长率和拉伸强度等机械性能。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种水性聚氨酯脲分散体,包含分散在其中的聚氨酯脲,所述聚氨酯脲由包含下列组分的体系反应得到:
A)一多异氰酸酯混合物;
B)一熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇,熔融温度使用Perkin-Elmer公司的DSC-7根据DIN 65467在20℃-100℃测得,取自第一次升温曲线;
C)一乳化剂;
D)可选的一单羟基聚醚;和
E)可选的一二胺;
所述多异氰酸酯混合物包含六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的量为0.01重量%-25重量%,二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量为0.01重量%-6重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。本发明还提供了包含该水性聚氨酯脲分散体的制备方法,包含该水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粘合剂和粘合剂粘结得到的粘合制品。
本发明的水性聚氨酯脲分散体包括水性聚氨酯分散体、水性聚氨酯-聚脲分散体和/或水性聚脲分散体。
多异氰酸酯混合物
所述多异氰酸酯是指异氰酸酯官能度不大于2的异氰酸酯。
所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量之和优选大于50重量%,以所述多异氰酸酯混合物的量为100重量%计。
所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量之和进一步优选60重量%-100重量%,以所述多异氰酸酯混合物的量为100重量%计。
所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量之和最优选80重量%-100重量%,以所述多异氰酸酯混合物的量为100重量%计。
所述二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量优选0.1重量%-5.5重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
所述二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量进一步优选0.1重量%-3.5重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
所述二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量再优选0.5重量%-3.5重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
所述二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量最优选0.5重量%-2重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的量优选0.1重量%-12重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的量进一步优选7重量%-12重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的量最优选8重量%-9.5重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
所述多异氰酸酯混合物可以进一步包含一其他的多异氰酸酯。所述其他的多异氰酸酯优选下列的一种或多种:脂肪族异氰酸酯、脂环族异氰酸酯、芳脂族异氰酸酯和芳香族异氰酸酯。
所述脂肪族异氰酸酯可以是下列的一种或多种:丁烯二异氰酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基己二异氰酸酯、2,4,4-三甲基1,6-己二异氰酸酯和1,8-二异氰酸基-4-(异氰酸根合甲基)辛烷。
所述脂环族异氰酸酯可以是下列的一种或多种:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、异构的双(4,4’-异氰酸根合环己基)甲烷和1,4-亚环己基二异氰酸酯。
所述芳脂族异氰酸酯可以是下列的一种或多种:间苯二甲基异氰酸酯(m-XDI)、对苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(p-XDI)、间-四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(m-TMXDI)、对-四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(p-TMXDI)、1,3-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-4-甲苯、1,3-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-4-乙苯、1,3-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-5-甲苯、二(异氰酸根合甲基)-2,5-二甲苯、1,4-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-2,3,5,6-均四甲苯、1,4-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-5-三丁基苯、二(异氰酸根合甲基)-4-氯苯、1,3-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-4,5-二氯苯、1,3-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-2,4,5,6-四氯苯、1,4-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-2,3,5,6-四氯苯、1,4-二(异氰酸根合甲基)-2,3,5,6-四溴苯、1,4-二(异氰酸根合甲基)苯和1,4-二(异氰酸根合甲基)萘。
所述芳香族异氰酸酯可以是下列的一种或多种:1,4-二异氰酸酯基苯、2,4-二异氰酸酯基甲苯、2,6-二异氰酸酯基甲苯、1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、2,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯。
所述多异氰酸酯混合物的量优选5重量%-30重量%,最优选8重量%-15重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
熔融温度大于32℃聚酯多元醇
所述聚酯多元醇优选熔融温度大于32℃且小于100℃的聚酯多元醇,熔融温度使用Perkin-Elmer公司的DSC-7根据DIN 65467在20℃-100℃测得,取自第一次升温曲线。
所述聚酯多元醇最优选熔融温度大于40℃且小于60℃的聚酯多元醇,熔融温度使用Perkin-Elmer公司的DSC-7根据DIN 65467在20℃-100℃测得,取自第一次升温曲线。
所述聚酯多元醇的数均分子量优选400-5000,数均分子量采用凝胶渗透色谱法以四氢呋喃为流动相,对照聚苯乙烯标样在40℃下测得。
所述聚酯多元醇的数均分子量最优选900-3500,数均分子量采用凝胶渗透色谱法以四氢呋喃为流动相,对照聚苯乙烯标样在40℃下测得。
所述聚酯多元醇的羟基基团(OH)官能度优选1.8-2.2。
所述聚酯多元醇优选1,4-丁二醇聚己二酸酯二醇。
熔融温度不大于32℃的聚酯多元醇
所述体系还可以进一步包含一熔融温度不大于32℃的聚酯多元醇。
所述体系内全部的聚酯多元醇的总量优选70重量%-94重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
所述熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇含量优选50重量%-100重量%,进一步优选70重量%-100重量%,最优选90重量%-100重量%,以体系内聚酯多元醇的总量为100重量%计。
乳化剂
本文中的术语“乳化剂”是包含乳化基团或潜在乳化基团的化合物。
所述乳化剂的量优选0.1重量%-3重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
所述乳化剂优选包含至少一个异氰酸酯反应性基团和至少一个乳化基团或潜在乳化基团。
所述异氰酸酯反应性基团优选下列的一种或多种:羟基、巯基和氨基。
所述乳化基团或潜在乳化基团优选下列的一种或多种:磺酸基、羧酸基、叔氨基和亲水性聚醚。
所述磺酸基或羧酸基可以直接以它们的盐形式使用,如磺酸盐或羧酸盐。
所述磺酸基或羧酸基也可以在聚氨酯聚合物制备过程之中或之后部分或完全添加中和剂成盐获得。
所述用于成盐的中和剂优选下列的一种或多种:三乙胺、二甲基环己胺、乙基二异丙基胺、氨、三乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钙、和甲基二乙醇胺,最优选下列的一种或多种:三乙胺、二甲基乙醇胺和乙基二异丙基胺。
所述乳化剂最优选磺酸化合物。
所述磺酸化合物优选下列的一种或多种:2-[(2-氨基乙基)氨基]乙磺酸、N-(3-氨基丙基)-2-氨基乙磺酸、N-(3-氨基丙基)-3-氨基丙磺酸和N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨基丙磺酸。
单羟基聚醚
所述单羟基聚醚优选下列的一种或多种:乙二醇与丙二醇的共聚物和聚乙二醇。
所述单羟基聚醚的量优选0重量%-3重量%,最优选0.5重量%-3重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
二胺
所述二胺优选下列的一种或多种:二氨基乙烷、二氨基丙烷、二氨基丁烷、二氨基己烷、哌嗪、2,5-二甲基哌嗪、3-氨基甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己胺(异佛尔酮二胺,IPDA)、4,4-'-二氨基二环己基甲烷、1,4-二氨基环己烷、氨基乙基乙醇胺、肼和水合肼。
所述二胺的量优选0重量%-5重量%,以所述体系固体组分的量为100重量%计。
所述二胺的量最优选0.2重量%-2.5重量%,以所述体系固体组分的量为100重量%计。
体系
所述体系优选不包含游离的有机胺。
所述游离的有机胺优选下列的一种或多种:三乙胺、二甲基环己胺、乙基二乙丙基胺、氨、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、二甲基乙醇胺、甲基二乙醇胺和氨基甲基丙醇。
所述体系优选不包含氨基官能度大于2的胺化合物。
所述氨基官能度大于2的胺化合物优选下列的一种或多种:二亚乙基三胺和1,8-二氨基-4-氨基甲基辛烷。
所述体系可以进一步包含一外乳化剂。
所述外乳化剂的量优选0.001重量%-10重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
所述外乳化剂优选脂肪醇聚醚,最优选下列的一种或多种:脂肪族乙二醇聚醚和脂肪族丙二醇聚醚。
水性聚氨酯脲分散体
所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体的固体含量优选20-70重量%,进一步优选30-65重量%,最优选35-60重量%,以所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体的量为100重量%计。
所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体的pH值优选6-7,pH值使用德国Sartorius公司的PB-10pH计在23℃下测量。
所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粒度优选150nm-400nm,进一步优选150nm-300nm,最优选150nm-220nm,粒度使用激光光谱法测定,具体是将水性聚氨酯脲分散体用去离子水稀释后,用Malvern仪器公司的ZetasizerNano ZS 3600激光粒度仪测量。
所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粘度优选10mPa.s-300mPa.s,进一步优选120mPa.s-300mPa.s,最优选200mPa.s-300mPa.s,粘度使用Brookfield公司的DV-II+Pro.旋转粘度计,根据DIN 53019在23℃下测量。
水性聚氨酯脲分散体的制备方法
所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体可以在均相体系中经由一步或多步制备,或在多步反应的情况下,部分在分散相中进行。当步骤b的反应完成或部分完成时,进行分散、乳化或溶解步骤。然后任选地在分散相中进一步加聚或改性。
用于制备根据本发明所提供的水性聚氨酯脲分散体的方法,可以包含以下步骤:
a.使多异氰酸酯混合物、熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇和可选的单羟基聚醚中的一些或全部,反应获得一预聚物,反应在可选的可与水混溶但对异氰酸酯基呈惰性的溶剂存在下进行;
b.使所述预聚物溶液、乳化剂、在所述步骤a没有添加的多异氰酸酯混合物、在所述步骤a没有添加的熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇,在所述步骤a没有添加的可选的一单羟基聚醚和可选的一二胺反应获得所述聚氨酯脲;和
c.在步骤b之前、期间或者之后引入水和可选的乳化剂获得所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体。
用于制备根据本发明所提供的水性聚氨酯脲分散体的方法,可以包含以下步骤:
a.使多异氰酸酯混合物、熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇和可选的单羟基聚醚中的一些或全部反应获得一预聚物,反应后加入可选的可与水混溶但对异氰酸酯基呈惰性的溶剂溶解所述预聚物;
b.使所述预聚物、乳化剂、在所述步骤a没有添加的多异氰酸酯混合物、在所述步骤a没有添加的熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇,在所述步骤a没有添加的可选的一单羟基聚醚和可选的一二胺反应获得所述聚氨酯脲;和
c.在步骤b之前、期间或者之后引入水和可选的乳化剂获得所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体。
所述可与水混溶但对异氰酸酯基呈惰性的溶剂优选下列的一种或多种:丙酮、丁酮、四氢呋喃、乙腈、二丙二醇二甲醚和1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮,最优选丙酮和/或丁酮。
所述可与水混溶但对异氰酸酯基呈惰性的溶剂可在常压或提高的压力下进行反应。
现有技术已知的所有工艺都可用于制备本发明的水性聚氨酯脲分散体,例如乳化剂/剪切力法、丙酮法、预聚物混合法、熔融乳化法、酮亚胺法以及固体自发分散法或其衍生的方法等,优选是熔融乳化法或丙酮法,最优选是丙酮法。这些方法总结在Methoden derorganischen Chemie(Houben-Weyl,Erweitenmgs-und zur 4.Auflage,Volume E20,HBartl and J.Falbe,Stuttgart,NewYork,Thieme 1987,p.1671-1682)中。
所述丙酮法通常首先引入所有或部分的多异氰酸酯和熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇用以反应制备预聚物,并且该反应任选地在可与水混溶但对异氰酸酯基呈惰性的溶剂存在下进行,优选不使用溶剂,而是加热到较高的温度,优选为50-120℃。
为了加快步骤a的反应速度,可以使用预聚物制备中常用的催化剂,例如三乙胺、1,4-二氮杂双环-[2,2,2]-辛烷、二辛酸锡或二月桂酸二丁基锡,优选是二月桂酸二丁基锡。
所述催化剂可与步骤a的各组分同时置于反应器中,也可以之后加入。
所述步骤a的组分的转化程度可以通过测试组分中NCO的含量得到。为此,可同时对抽取的样品进行光谱测量,例如红外或近-红外光谱,以及折射率测定或化学分析,例如滴定。
所述预聚物可以是固体状态或液体状态。
所述预聚物中存在的任何潜在的离子基团通过与中和剂部分或完全反应转化成离子形式。所述中和的程度可以是50-125mol%,优选70-100mol%。
如果分散用的水中已经含有中和剂,那么中和也可以和分散同时进行。
所述步骤b的用于链增长的化合物的异氰酸酯反应性基团与预聚物的游离异氰酸酯基团(NCO)基团的当量比可以是40-100mol%,优选50-100mol%。
所述步骤b的各组分可任选地以水稀释或溶剂稀释的形式单独或混合使用,添加顺序可以是任意顺序。所述水或溶剂的含量优选是70-95重量%,基于水性聚氨酯脲分散体的量为100重量%计。
所述步骤c可以使用强剪切例如强力搅拌。
存在于水性聚氨酯脲分散体中的溶剂可以通过蒸馏除去。所述溶剂可以在步骤b或步骤c过程中移除。
所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体中残留的有机溶剂的量优选是低于1.0重量%,基于水性聚氨酯脲分散体的量为100重量%计。
组合物
包含所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体的组合物可以是涂料、粘结剂、密封剂或印刷油墨。
所述水性分散体可以单独使用或与涂料、粘合剂、密封剂或印刷油墨技术中已知的添加剂一起使用。
所述添加剂可以是下列的一种或多种:助粘合剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、光稳定剂、抗氧化剂、填料、抗沉降剂、消泡剂、湿润剂、流动调节剂、抗静电剂、成膜助剂、反应性稀释剂、增塑剂、中和剂、催化剂、增稠剂、颜料、染料、增粘剂和消光剂。
所述光稳定剂可以是UV吸收剂和/或空间位阻胺。
所述添加剂的选择和使用计量原则上是本领域普通技术人员已知的并且容易测定的。
本发明的水性聚氨酯脲分散体还可以与其它含水或含溶剂的低聚物或聚合物混合在一起并一起使用,例如含水或含溶剂的聚酯、聚氨酯、聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚醚、聚酯-聚丙烯酸酯、醇酸树脂、加成聚合物、聚酰胺/酰亚胺或聚环氧化物。必须在每种情况下利用简单的初步试验测试此类混合物的相容性。
本发明的水性聚氨酯脲分散体还可以与其他含官能团例如羧基、羟基和/或封闭异氰酸酯基的化合物混合在一起并一起使用。
本发明的涂料、粘结剂、密封剂或印刷油墨是根据本领域技术人员已知的方法加工获得的。
粘合剂
所述粘合剂干燥后形成的膜的拉伸强度优选大于15MPa且小于200MPa,进一步优选25MPa-50MPa,再优选35MPa-50MPa,最优选40MPa-50 MPa。
所述膜的断裂伸长率优选大于800%且小于5000%,进一步优选1000%-2500%,再优选1800%-2200%,最优选2000%-2200%。
所述膜的100%模量优选大于1.2MPa且小于100MPa,最优选2MPa-5MPa,所述100%模量是根据DIN53504在23±2℃和50±5%相对湿度下测试得到的。
粘合制品
所述基材优选下列的一种或多种:橡胶、塑料、纸张、卡纸、木材、纺织品、金属、合金、织物、纤维、人造革、皮革、无机材料、人或动物毛发和人或动物皮肤,最优选下列的一种或多种:橡胶和塑料。
所述粘合制品优选鞋底或鞋统。
所述粘合制品优选膜或木材。
实施例
除非另外限定,本文所使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所属领域技术人员通常理解的相同意义。当本说明书中术语的定义与本发明所属领域技术人员通常理解的意义有矛盾时,以本文中所述的定义为准。
除非另有说明,否则在说明书和权利要求书中使用的表达成分的量、反应条件等的所有数值被理解为在被术语“约”修饰。因此,除非有相反指示,否则在这里阐述的数值参数是能够根据需要来变化的近似值。
本文中所用的“和/或”是指所提及的要素之一或全部。
本文中所用“包括”和“包含”涵盖只有所提及要素的情形以及除了所提及要素还存在其它未提及要素的情形。
本发明中所有百分比均为重量百分比,另有说明的除外。
本发明的分析测量都在23±2℃下进行,另有说明的除外。
水性聚氨酯脲分散体的固体含量使用Mettler Toledo公司的HS153水分测定仪根据DIN-EN ISO 3251进行。
异氰酸酯基团(NCO)含量根据DIN-EN ISO 11909按体积测定,测定的数据包括游离的和潜在游离的NCO含量。
水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粒度在用去离子水稀释后使用激光光谱法(Malvern仪器公司的ZetasizerNano ZS 3600激光粒度仪测量)在23℃下测定。
水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粘度使用Brookfield公司的DV-II+Pro.旋转粘度计,根据DIN 53019在23℃下测量。
水性聚氨酯脲分散体的pH值使用德国Sartorius公司的PB-10pH计在23℃下测量。
原料和试剂
聚酯I:1,4-丁二醇聚己二酸酯二醇,OH值50,熔融温度为49℃,熔融焓为91.0J/g,数均分子量为2323g/mol,可购自德国科思创股份有限公司。
聚酯II:由1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇和己二酸构成的聚酯二醇,OH值66,数均分子量为1691g/mol,可购自购自德国科思创股份有限公司。
H:1,6-六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,可购自德国科思创股份有限公司。
W:二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,购自德国科思创股份有限公司。
L-赖氨酸:50%L-赖氨酸水溶液,可购自厦门飞鹤化工。
AAS:二氨基磺酸钠NH2-CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2-SO3Na,在水中45%的浓度,购自科思创股份有限公司。
GelALA:增稠剂,购自OMG Borchers公司。
对比实施例1
将450g聚酯I和42.5g聚酯II在110℃,15mbar下脱水1小时,再添加2.25g 1,4-丁二醇并在搅拌的同时冷却。在60℃下添加56.8g H,在80-90℃下搅拌直到达到1.3%的异氰酸酯含量。然后溶解在760g丙酮中并冷却到50℃得到反应溶液。将5.2g AAS、0.7g二羟乙基胺和4.0g L-赖氨酸在57g水中的溶液添加到该反应溶液中。所得混合物剧烈搅拌30分钟之后,添加500g水将该混合物分散,随后蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得对比水性聚氨酯脲分散体1。
对比实施例2
将450g聚酯I和42.5g聚酯II在110℃,15mbar下脱水1小时,再添加2.25g 1,4-丁二醇并在搅拌的同时冷却。在60℃下添加31.3g H,再添加40.1g />W在80-90℃下搅拌直到达到1.3%的异氰酸酯含量。然后溶解在780g丙酮中并冷却到50℃得到反应溶液。将5.7g AAS、0.7g二羟乙基胺和1.4g羟乙基乙二胺在59g水中的溶液添加到该反应溶液中。所得混合物剧烈搅拌30分钟之后,添加510g水将该混合物分散,随后蒸馏分离出丙酮,在蒸馏过程中发生凝胶。
实施例1
将450g聚酯I和42.5g聚酯II在110℃,15mbar下脱水1小时,再添加2.25g 1,4-丁二醇并在搅拌的同时冷却。在60℃下添加55.3g H,再添加2.4g />W在80-90℃下搅拌直到达到1.3%的异氰酸酯含量。然后溶解在760g丙酮中并冷却到50℃得到反应溶液。将5.7g AAS、0.7g二羟乙基胺和1.4g羟乙基乙二胺在59g水中的溶液添加到该反应溶液中。所得混合物剧烈搅拌30分钟之后,添加500g水将该混合物分散,随后蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得水性聚氨酯脲分散体1。
实施例2
将450g聚酯I和42.5g聚酯II在110℃,15mbar下脱水1小时,再添加2.25g 1,4-丁二醇并在搅拌的同时冷却。在60℃下添加53.0g H,再添加5.9g />W在80-90℃下搅拌直到达到1.3%的异氰酸酯含量。然后溶解在760g丙酮中并冷却到50℃得到反应溶液。将5.7g AAS、0.7g二羟乙基胺和1.4g羟乙基乙二胺在59g水中的溶液添加到该反应溶液中。所得混合物剧烈搅拌30分钟之后,添加500g水将该混合物分散,随后蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得水性聚氨酯脲分散体2。
实施例3
将450g聚酯I和42.5g聚酯II在110℃,15mbar下脱水1小时,再添加2.25g 1,4-丁二醇并在搅拌的同时冷却。在60℃下添加45.8g H,再添加17g />W在80-90℃下搅拌直到达到1.3%的异氰酸酯含量。然后溶解在770g丙酮中并冷却到50℃得到反应溶液。将5.7g AAS、0.7g二羟乙基胺和1.4g羟乙基乙二胺在59g水中的溶液添加到该反应溶液中。所得混合物剧烈搅拌30分钟之后,添加500g水将该混合物分散,随后蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得水性聚氨酯脲分散体3。
实施例4
将450g聚酯I和42.5g聚酯II在110℃,15mbar下脱水1小时,再添加2.25g 1,4-丁二醇并在搅拌的同时冷却。在60℃下添加38.4g H,再添加28.6g />W在80-90℃下搅拌直到达到1.3%的异氰酸酯含量。然后溶解在775g丙酮中并冷却到50℃得到反应溶液。将5.7g AAS、0.7g二羟乙基胺和1.4g羟乙基乙二胺在59g水中的溶液添加到该反应溶液中。所得混合物剧烈搅拌30分钟之后,添加500g水将该混合物分散,随后蒸馏分离出丙酮,获得水性聚氨酯脲分散体4。
表1列出了实施例和对比实施例的水性聚氨酯脲分散体的各项参数。
表1水性聚氨酯脲分散体的参数
性能测试
测试用膜制备方法
使用Gel A LA将实施例和对比实施例的水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粘度调节至4000mPa.s-8000mPa.s,储存在室温下过夜老化。然后将实施例和对比实施例的水性聚氨酯脲分散体分别倾倒到离型纸上,使用500微米的刮膜器在离型纸上刮好湿膜,放入50℃烘箱烘30分钟,随后放入150℃烘箱烘3分钟,再施加滑石粉在膜的两面,得到测试用的膜,膜厚度为0.17±0.04mm。
测试方法
膜的100%模量、断裂伸长率和拉伸强度根据DIN53504测得,具体过程为:将上述制好的膜切割成哑铃型;以及在室温下用ZWICK万能材料试验机测量膜的100模量%、断裂伸长率和拉升速度为200毫米/分钟下的应力和拉伸强度。
性能参考值
表2列出了膜的性能参考值,包括应力、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和100%模量。
表2膜性能参考值
性能 | 参考值 |
应力/N/mm2 | >15 |
拉伸强度/MPa | >15 |
断裂伸长率/% | >800 |
100%模量/MPa | >1.2 |
备注:膜的应力、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和100%模量越大,膜的机械性能越好。
表3是由实施例和对比实施例的水性聚氨酯脲分散体制得的膜的应力、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和100%模量的测试结果。
表3膜的性能测试结果
从实施例1-4可以看出,当制备水性聚氨酯脲分散体的体系中的W含量为0.01重量%-6重量%,/>H含量为0.01重量%-25重量%时,由水性聚氨酯脲分散体制成的膜在维持合适的断裂伸长率的基础上,膜的应力、100%模量和拉伸强度都大大高于参考值。
当制备聚氨酯脲水分散体的体系中的W的含量为7重量%,/>H含量是5.41重量%时,在制备过程和后续的成膜过程中凝胶化的聚氨酯脲水分散体无法继续。当制备聚氨酯脲水分散体的体系中的/>H的含量为10.15重量%,且不含W时,由水性聚氨酯脲分散体制成的膜在维持合适的断裂伸长率基础上,膜的应力、100%模量和拉伸强度都不满足参考值要求。
所属领域的技术人员易知,本发明不仅限于前述的具体细节,且在不脱离本发明的精神或主要特性的前提下,本发明可实施为其他特定形式。因此从任何角度来说都应将所述实施例视作例示性而非限制性的,从而由权利要求书而非前述说明来指出本发明的范围;且因此任何改变,只要其属于权利要求等效物的含义和范围中,都应视作属于本发明。
Claims (15)
1.水性聚氨酯脲分散体,包含分散在其中的聚氨酯脲,所述聚氨酯脲由包含下列组分的体系反应得到:
A)一多异氰酸酯混合物;
B)一熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇,熔融温度使用Perkin-Elmer公司的DSC-7根据DIN 65467在20℃-100℃测得,取自第一次升温曲线;
C)一乳化剂;
D)可选的一单羟基聚醚;和
E)可选的一二胺;
其特征在于,所述多异氰酸酯混合物包含六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的量为7重量%-12重量%,二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量为0.01重量%-6重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
2.如权利要求1所述的分散体,其特征在于,所述六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量之和为大于50重量%,优选60重量%-100重量%,最优选80重量%-100重量%,以所述多异氰酸酯混合物的量为100重量%计。
3.如权利要求1所述的分散体,其特征在于,所述二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯的量为0.1重量%-5.5重量%,优选0.1重量%-3.5重量%,进一步优选0.5重量%-3.5重量%,最优选0.5重量%-2重量%,以所述体系的量为100重量%计。
4.如权利要求1所述的分散体,其特征在于,所述聚酯多元醇的熔融温度大于32℃且小于100℃,最优选大于40℃且小于60℃,熔融温度使用Perkin-Elmer公司的DSC-7根据DIN65467在20℃-100℃测得,取自第一次升温曲线。
5.如权利要求1或4所述的分散体,其特征在于,所述聚酯多元醇的数均分子量为400-5000,最优选900-3500,数均分子量采用凝胶渗透色谱法以四氢呋喃为流动相,对照聚苯乙烯标样在40℃下测得。
6.如权利要求1所述的分散体,其特征在于,所述乳化剂是磺酸化合物。
7.如权利要求1所述的分散体,其特征在于,所述体系不包含游离的有机胺。
8.如权利要求1所述的分散体,其特征在于,所述体系不包含氨基官能度大于2的胺化合物。
9.用于制备根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的水性聚氨酯脲分散体的方法,包含以下步骤:
a.使多异氰酸酯混合物、熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇和可选的一单羟基聚醚中的一些或全部反应获得一预聚物,反应在可选的可与水混溶但对异氰酸酯基呈惰性的溶剂存在下进行或者反应后加入可选的可与水混溶但对异氰酸酯基呈惰性的溶剂溶解预聚物;
b.使所述预聚物、乳化剂、在所述步骤a没有添加的多异氰酸酯混合物、在所述步骤a没有添加的熔融温度大于32℃的聚酯多元醇,在所述步骤a没有添加的可选的一单羟基聚醚和可选的一二胺反应获得所述聚氨酯脲;和
c.在步骤b之前、期间或者之后引入水和可选的乳化剂获得所述水性聚氨酯脲分散体。
10.一种包含根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的水性聚氨酯脲分散体的粘合剂。
11.含有用根据权利要求10所述的粘合剂粘结的基材的粘合制品。
12.如权利要求11所述的粘合制品,其特征在于,所述基材是下列的一种或多种:橡胶、塑料、纸张、卡纸、木材、纺织品、金属、合金、织物、纤维、人造革、皮革、无机材料、人或动物毛发和人或动物皮肤,最优选是下列的一种或多种:橡胶和塑料。
13.如权利要求11所述的粘合制品,其特征在于,所述粘合制品是鞋底或鞋统。
14.如权利要求11所述的粘合制品,其特征在于,所述粘合制品是膜或木材。
15.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的水性聚氨酯脲分散体在粘合制品的生产中的用途。
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WO2020200867A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
US20220186096A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
CN113677727B (zh) | 2023-10-31 |
KR20210149041A (ko) | 2021-12-08 |
CN113677727A (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
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