CN117361956A - Heat-resistant low-carbon concrete and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat-resistant low-carbon concrete and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117361956A CN117361956A CN202311400277.9A CN202311400277A CN117361956A CN 117361956 A CN117361956 A CN 117361956A CN 202311400277 A CN202311400277 A CN 202311400277A CN 117361956 A CN117361956 A CN 117361956A
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- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003469 silicate cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008030 superplasticizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052644 β-spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052643 α-spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011208 reinforced composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010100 LiAlSi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052656 albite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052612 amphibole Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004482 other powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052665 sodalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses heat-resistant low-carbon concrete and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of concrete. The concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 to 350 parts of cement, 110 to 150 parts of composite admixture, 1000 to 1400 parts of refractory aggregate, 650 to 850 parts of granite powder sand, 50 to 60 parts of heat-shrinkable basalt fiber, 3.5 to 8.0 parts of water reducer and 142 to 165 parts of water; the preparation method of the refractory aggregate comprises the following steps: s1, uniformly mixing the tuff powder with a NaOH solution; s2, adding the corncob ash, the silicate cement and the modified tuff powder into a granulator, uniformly stirring, spraying water for granulation, and screening to obtain aggregate; s3, placing the obtained aggregate at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ to minus 5 ℃ for freezing, and carrying out low-temperature vacuum drying to obtain the refractory aggregate. Under the synergistic effect of the tuff powder, the corncob ash and the freeze drying, the invention obtains the refractory aggregate with the closed outer surface and the porous inner part, and the refractory aggregate is matched with the heat-shrinkable fiber to improve the heat resistance and the cracking resistance of the concrete at high temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of concrete, and particularly relates to heat-resistant low-carbon concrete and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Along with the rapid development of the economy in China, the concrete technology is also developed towards diversification, and some special projects such as ocean, nuclear power stations, geothermal engineering, photo-thermal power stations and the like cannot meet the use requirements, so that the concrete with excellent heat resistance needs to be developed.
The heat-resistant concrete is special concrete which can be used for a long time at 200-900 ℃ and can keep the required physical and mechanical properties and volume stability. The general heat-resistant concrete is prepared from a heat-resistant cementing material, heat-resistant coarse and fine aggregates and water according to a certain proportion, wherein the aggregate consumption generally accounts for about 75% of the total mass of the concrete and is also a main factor influencing the heat resistance of the concrete. The traditional refractory aggregate comprises igneous rock, broken clay bricks, clay, clinker, broken magnesia bricks, magnesia and the like. Practice proves that when igneous rocks such as basalt, andesite, diabase, granite stone powder sand and the like are used as aggregate to prepare the heat-resistant concrete with the use temperature lower than 500 ℃ is safe, but when the temperature exceeds 700 ℃, the concrete can be cracked greatly, so that potential safety hazards exist. As disclosed in chinese patent CN111908870a, a heat and fire resistant concrete and a preparation method thereof are disclosed, wherein the heat and fire resistant concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1000-1100 parts of refractory coarse aggregate, 600-700 parts of refractory fine aggregate, 300-400 parts of ordinary Portland cement, 60-120 parts of mineral powder 30-60 parts of high-alumina powder, 7-13 parts of silica micropowder, 8-12 parts of polycarboxylate superplasticizer, 1-5 parts of dispersing agent and 150-200 parts of water; the refractory coarse aggregate comprises at least one of granite powder sand, diabase, andesite, basalt, orthosite and amphibole; the refractory fine aggregate is refractory andesite with the grain size of 0.15-5mm basalt mixture. According to the invention, the refractory coarse aggregate and the refractory fine aggregate are selected to provide a good heat-resistant fireproof foundation for the concrete, and the concrete can have good heat-resistant fireproof performance and construction performance by being matched with high-alumina powder, silica micropowder and other powder materials with excellent heat resistance and fireproof performance and being supplemented with polycarboxylate water reducer, dispersing agent and other auxiliary agents. However, the invention adopts igneous rock as refractory aggregate, and can not improve the cracking resistance of concrete at high temperature, and the concrete is easy to crack greatly after being subjected to high temperature of 700 ℃.
On the other hand, in recent years, natural resources are increasingly scarce and environment-friendly, and natural refractory aggregate meeting the requirements is increasingly fewer; thus, a refractory aggregate prepared from solid waste residue is provided, the prepared heat-resistant concrete with better performance has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide heat-resistant low-carbon concrete, adopt refractory aggregate prepared by solid waste, and simultaneously use heat-shrinkable basalt fiber in a matching way, so that the concrete has excellent heat resistance and cracking resistance at high temperature, the problem of high Wen Houyi cracking of the concrete in the prior art is solved, the solid waste is effectively utilized, the ecological friendly low-carbon heat-resistant concrete is developed, and the problem of shortage of natural refractory aggregate resources in the prior art is solved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the heat-resistant low-carbon concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 to 350 parts of cement, 110 to 150 parts of composite admixture, 1000 to 1400 parts of refractory aggregate, 650 to 850 parts of granite powder sand, 50 to 60 parts of heat-shrinkable basalt fiber, 3.5 to 8.0 parts of water reducer and 142 to 165 parts of water;
the preparation method of the refractory aggregate comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing tuff powder with a NaOH solution, and drying to obtain modified tuff powder;
s2, adding the corncob ash, the silicate cement and the modified tuff powder into a granulator, uniformly stirring, spraying water for granulation, and screening to obtain aggregate with the particle size of 5-10 mm;
s3, placing the obtained aggregate at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ to minus 5 ℃ for freezing, and then carrying out low-temperature vacuum drying to obtain the refractory aggregate.
The invention adopts the tuff powder and the corncob ash to prepare the refractory aggregate, so that the solid waste can be effectively utilized, and the effect of low carbon is realized. The method is characterized in that the limestone powder is used as a precursor, and the activity of the limestone powder is excited by sodium hydroxide, so that quartz, albite, potash feldspar, anorthite, micro-streak feldspar and sodalite in the limestone are dissolved into active aluminosilicate monomers in an alkaline environment, and the active aluminosilicate and Ca are dissolved into the active aluminosilicate 2+ The reaction generates gel products such as calcium silicate hydrate, aluminum silicate hydrate and the like, and the strength of the aggregate can be obviously improved; the corncob ash has pozzolan effect, and can reduce cement consumptionBut also can realize the reutilization of biomass ash. More importantly, the water absorption rate of the tuff powder is high, meanwhile, the corncob ash has the effect of delaying the setting time of cement, the time of forming, setting and hardening of the aggregate in the step S2 can be delayed by adding the corncob ash, so that the tuff is saturated by water absorption for a sufficient time in the granulating process, then the water is changed into solid ice at a low temperature in the step S3, and the ice is directly sublimated into water vapor by low-temperature vacuum drying, so that the aggregate with the closed outer surface and the porous inner part is obtained; compared with dense aggregate, the porous aggregate has enhanced heat insulation, and the mass of the aggregate can be reduced by 30-40%, which is beneficial to the lightweight of the concrete structure.
The heat-shrinkable basalt fiber can shrink when heated, the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber is added into the concrete, and when the temperature in the concrete rises to 600 ℃, the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber in the concrete can shrink and deform, so that a tensile stress is generated in the concrete to resist the phenomenon of thermal expansion of the concrete, the heat accumulation stability of the concrete is maintained, the cracking resistance of the concrete at a high temperature is improved, and the problem that the concrete is easy to crack due to expansion after the concrete is heated is solved.
Preferably, in step S1, the mass ratio of the fine limestone powder to the NaOH solution is (0.6-1.2): (6-10), wherein the mass concentration of the NaOH solution is 6-12%.
Preferably, in step S2, the mass ratio of the corncob ash, the Portland cement, the modified tuff powder and the water is (0.6-1.5): (2-6): (0.5-2.0): (0.7-2.5).
Preferably, the corncob ash is obtained by calcining corncob at 815-850 ℃ for 1.5-3 hours.
Preferably, the condition of low-temperature vacuum drying is sublimation drying for 20-24 hours at the temperature of minus 60-minus 40 ℃ and the vacuum of 10-30 Pa.
Preferably, the preparation method of the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber comprises the following steps:
p1, mixing basalt fiber and spodumene, grinding, preserving heat at 150-250 ℃ for 10-14 h, then heating to 350-450 ℃ for 10-14 h, then heating to 550-650 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 h, and cooling to obtain mixed powder;
p2 mixing the obtained mixed powder with high-gel powder and nanometer CaCO 3 Powder, compatibilizer, tiO 2 And SnO 2 Uniformly mixing, and obtaining the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber after melt extrusion, spinning and cutting.
The invention mixes and calcines basalt fiber and spodumene and then prepares heat-shrinkable fiber, spodumene (LiAlSi) 2 O 4 ) Microcrystalline glass is largely divided into three variants: alpha-spodumene, beta-spodumene and gamma-spodumene; wherein the alpha-spodumene is a stable variant at low temperature and the beta-spodumene is a stable variant at high temperature and has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion. When the temperature exceeds 600 ℃, the alpha-spodumene can undergo phase transition to separate out SiO in the beta-spodumene and basalt fiber 2 The beta-spodumene solid solution with higher thermal stability is generated by combination, and along with the continuous increase of the proportion of the beta-spodumene solid solution, the thermal expansion coefficient of the material tends to be negative, so that the basalt fiber has the characteristic of high-temperature shrinkage.
The basalt fiber is added into spodumene microcrystalline glass matrix as a reinforcement, and is compounded with the spodumene microcrystalline glass matrix to prepare the reinforced composite material similar to a polymer blend, and then the reinforced composite material is prepared into the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber through processes such as melting, extrusion and the like.
Preferably, in the step P1, the mass ratio of the basalt fiber to spodumene is (2-7): (4-10).
Preferably, in the step P2, the mixed powder is mixed with high-glue powder and nano CaCO 3 Powder, compatibilizer, tiO 2 And SnO 2 The mass ratio of (1) is (8-15): (10-20): (8-15): (5-10): (2-5): (0.5-2.0).
Preferably, the compatilizer is obtained by copolymerizing styrene and maleic anhydride.
Preferably, the composite admixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: silica fume and fly ash of (1-2).
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the heat-resistant low carbon concrete, comprising the steps of:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) weighing the components in parts by weight;
and M2, uniformly mixing the cement and the composite admixture, then adding the granite powder sand, the water reducer and water, uniformly mixing, adding the refractory aggregate, uniformly mixing, adding the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber, and stirring, pouring, curing and demolding to obtain the heat-resistant low-carbon concrete.
The water demand of the refractory aggregate is increased, and the refractory aggregate is soaked in water for 12-24 hours before the refractory aggregate is used, so that the refractory aggregate in a saturated surface dry state is obtained, the water-cement ratio of concrete is controlled, and the molding state of the concrete is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) Under the synergistic effect of the tuff powder, the corncob ash and the freeze drying, the invention obtains the refractory aggregate with the closed outer surface and the porous inner part, on one hand, realizes the effective utilization of solid waste resources and solves the problem of shortage of natural refractory aggregate resources; on the other hand, the aggregate with the closed outer surface and the porous inner part can improve the heat resistance of the concrete, meanwhile, the aggregate has a porous structure, the thermal expansion coefficient and the thermal conductivity after being heated are low, the expansion deformation of the concrete in a high-temperature environment can be reduced, and the anti-cracking performance of the concrete at a high temperature is improved by cooperating with the thermal shrinkage fiber.
(2) According to the invention, the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber is successfully prepared by the basalt fiber and the spodumene, and is added into the concrete, so that the concrete can shrink and deform at high temperature, a tensile stress is generated in the concrete to resist the phenomenon that the concrete expands due to heating, the heat accumulation stability of the concrete body is maintained, and the cracking resistance of the concrete at high temperature is improved.
(3) Compared with the preparation of the artificial aggregate by high-temperature calcination, the preparation method adopts the condensation pelletization technology, realizes the preparation technology of the artificial aggregate without calcination, reduces the energy consumption and has wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made clearly and fully, and it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden on the person of ordinary skill in the art based on embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The heat-resistant low-carbon concrete comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 to 350 parts of cement, 110 to 150 parts of composite admixture, 1000 to 1400 parts of refractory aggregate, 650 to 850 parts of granite powder sand, 50 to 60 parts of heat-shrinkable basalt fiber, 3.5 to 8.0 parts of water reducer and 142 to 165 parts of water;
the preparation method of the refractory aggregate comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing tuff powder with a NaOH solution, and drying to obtain modified tuff powder;
s2, adding the corncob ash, the silicate cement and the modified tuff powder into a granulator, uniformly stirring, spraying water for granulation, and screening to obtain aggregate with the particle size of 5-10 mm;
s3, freezing the obtained aggregate at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ to minus 5 ℃, drying in vacuum at low temperature, then curing for 20-24 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃ and 50% relative humidity, and soaking the aggregate in water for 12-24 hours after curing is finished, so as to obtain the aggregate in a saturated surface dry state, namely the refractory aggregate.
In an optional embodiment, in step S1, the mass ratio of the fine limestone powder to the NaOH solution is (0.6-1.2): (6-10), wherein the mass concentration of the NaOH solution is 6-12%. In the step S2, the mass ratio of the corncob ash to the silicate cement to the modified tuff powder to the water is (0.6-1.5): (2-6): (0.5-2.0): (0.7-2.5). In the step S3, the condition of low-temperature vacuum drying is that sublimation drying is carried out for 20-24 hours at the temperature of minus 60-minus 40 ℃ and the vacuum of 10-30 Pa.
As an alternative to the implementation of the method, the preparation method of the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber comprises the following steps:
p1, mixing basalt fiber and spodumene, grinding, preserving heat at 150-250 ℃ for 10-14 h, then heating to 350-450 ℃ for 10-14 h, then heating to 550-650 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 h, and cooling to obtain mixed powder;
p2 mixing the obtained mixed powder with high-gel powder and nanometer CaCO 3 Powder, compatibilizer, tiO 2 And SnO 2 Uniformly mixing, and obtaining the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber after melt extrusion, spinning and cutting.
In an alternative embodiment, in the step P1, the mass ratio of basalt fiber to spodumene is (2-7): (4-10). In the step P2, the mixed powder, the high-gel powder and the nano CaCO 3 Powder, compatibilizer, tiO 2 And SnO 2 The mass ratio of (1) is (8-15): (10-20): (8-15): (5-10): (2-5): (0.5-2.0). The compatilizer is obtained by copolymerizing styrene and maleic anhydride.
The composite admixture comprises the following components in percentage by mass: silica fume and fly ash of (1-2).
In the following examples and comparative examples, the average particle diameter of the corncob ash was 100 to 200. Mu.m, siO 2 The content of Al is 66.38wt% 2 O 3 The content of Fe is 7.48wt% 2 O 3 The content was 4.44wt%, the CaO content was 11.57wt%, and the MgO content was 2.06wt%.
Example 1
The embodiment provides heat-resistant low-carbon concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 320 parts of high aluminate cement CA50-II, 50 parts of silica fume, 80 parts of fly ash, 1200 parts of refractory aggregate, 750 parts of granite powder sand, 60 parts of heat-shrinkable basalt fiber, 5.5 parts of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and 150 parts of water;
the preparation method of the refractory aggregate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing the tuff powder and NaOH solution (10 wt%) according to a mass ratio of 1:7.5, stirring for 10min, then placing the mixture in an oven at 80 ℃ for drying to obtain modified tuff powder; placing the corncob in a muffle furnace, calcining for 2 hours at the temperature of 815 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain corncob ash;
s2, adding corncob ash, PO.42.5 Portland cement and modified tuff powder into a disc granulator according to a mass ratio of 1:3:1.2, stirring for 5min at a gradient of 30 revolutions per minute and 40 ℃, spraying water into a disc (the ratio of the mass of the water to the total mass of the corncob ash, the cement and the tuff powder is 0.25), stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 55 revolutions per minute, granulating the powder, screening to obtain aggregate with a particle size of 5-10mm, and storing the obtained aggregate with water saturation in a sealed plastic bag for standby.
S3, freezing the obtained aggregate for 12 hours at the temperature of minus 10 ℃, then sublimating and drying for 24 hours at the temperature of minus 45 ℃ under the vacuum of 18Pa, then curing for 24 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50%, and soaking in water for 24 hours after curing is finished, thus obtaining the aggregate in a saturated surface dry state, namely the refractory aggregate.
The preparation method of the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber comprises the following steps:
p1, grinding basalt fiber and spodumene in a ball milling tank according to a mass ratio of 4:7 for 6 hours, heating to 200 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12 hours, heating to 400 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12 hours, heating to 600 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1 hour, and cooling with a furnace to obtain mixed powder;
p2 mixing the obtained mixed powder with high-gel powder and nanometer CaCO 3 Powder, compatibilizer, tiO 2 And SnO 2 Uniformly mixing according to the mass ratio of 10:15:10:7.5:3:1, heating to 1600 ℃ under the protection of argon gas, melt blending for 2 hours, extruding by adopting a double-screw extruder at the rotating speed of 170rpm/min to obtain coarse yarns, connecting the coarse yarns with a wire drawing machine, controlling the temperature in the wire drawing machine to be 800 ℃, controlling the speed of the wire drawing machine to be 300m/min, obtaining filaments with the diameter of 10-20 mu m, and finally cutting the filaments into 12mm by a cutting machine to obtain the heat-shrinkable basalt fibers.
The embodiment also provides a preparation method of the heat-resistant low-carbon concrete, which comprises the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) weighing the components in parts by weight;
and M2, mixing and stirring the high aluminate 42.5 cement, the silica fume and the fly ash for 1min, then adding granite stone powder sand, the polycarboxylate superplasticizer and water, stirring for 2min, adding the refractory aggregate, stirring for 1min, adding the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber through a sieve, and stirring to obtain the heat-resistant low-carbon concrete.
Example 2
The heat resistant low carbon concrete of this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that the heat resistant low carbon concrete of this embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 300 parts of high aluminate cement CA50-II, 60 parts of silica fume, 90 parts of fly ash, 1300 parts of refractory aggregate, 650 parts of granite powder sand, 50 parts of heat-shrinkable basalt fiber, 8 parts of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and 142 parts of water;
the preparation method of the refractory aggregate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing tuff powder and NaOH solution (6 wt%) according to a mass ratio of 0.6:10, stirring for 10min, and then placing in a 60 ℃ oven for drying to obtain modified tuff powder; placing the corncob in a muffle furnace, calcining for 2 hours at the temperature of 815 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain corncob ash;
s2, adding corncob ash, PO.42.5 Portland cement and modified tuff powder into a disc granulator according to a mass ratio of 1.5:2:2, stirring for 10min at a gradient of 30 revolutions per minute and 40 ℃, spraying water into a disc (the ratio of the mass of the water to the total mass of the corncob ash, the cement and the tuff powder is 0.25), stirring for 10min at a rotating speed of 55 revolutions per minute, granulating the powder, screening to obtain aggregate with a particle size of 5-10mm, and storing the obtained aggregate with water saturation in a sealed plastic bag for standby.
S3, freezing the obtained aggregate for 12 hours at the temperature of minus 5 ℃, then sublimating and drying for 20 hours at the temperature of minus 45 ℃ under the vacuum of 18Pa, then curing for 24 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50%, and soaking in water for 24 hours after curing is finished, thus obtaining the aggregate in a saturated surface dry state, namely the refractory aggregate.
The preparation method of the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber comprises the following steps:
p1, grinding basalt fiber and spodumene in a mass ratio of 2:4 in a ball milling tank for 6 hours, heating to 150 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 14 hours, heating to 450 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10 hours, heating to 650 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 0.5 hour, and cooling with a furnace to obtain mixed powder;
p2 mixing the obtained mixed powder with high-gel powder and nanometer CaCO 3 Powder, compatibilizer, tiO 2 And SnO 2 Uniformly mixing according to the mass ratio of 8:10:15:5:2:0.5Under the protection of argon, heating to 1400 ℃ for melt blending for 3 hours, extruding by adopting a double-screw extruder at a rotating speed of 150rpm/min to obtain roving, connecting the roving with a wire drawing machine, controlling the temperature in the wire drawing machine to be 600 ℃, controlling the speed of the wire drawing machine to be 200m/min to obtain filaments with the diameter of 10-20 mu m, and finally cutting the filaments into 12mm by a cutting machine to obtain the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber.
Example 3
The heat resistant low carbon concrete of this embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that the heat resistant low carbon concrete of this embodiment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 350 parts of high aluminate cement CA50-II, 40 parts of silica fume, 70 parts of fly ash, 1000 parts of refractory aggregate, 850 parts of granite powder sand, 55 parts of heat-shrinkable basalt fiber, 4 parts of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and 165 parts of water;
the preparation method of the refractory aggregate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing tuff powder and NaOH solution (12 wt%) according to a mass ratio of 1.2:6, stirring for 10min, and then placing in an oven at 80 ℃ for drying to obtain modified tuff powder; placing the corncob in a muffle furnace, calcining for 2 hours at 850 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain corncob ash;
s2, adding corncob ash, PO.42.5 Portland cement and modified tuff powder into a disc granulator according to the mass ratio of 0.6:6:0.5, stirring for 5min at a gradient of 30 revolutions per minute and 40 ℃, spraying water into a disc (the ratio of the mass of the water to the total mass of the corncob ash, the cement and the tuff powder is 0.25), stirring for 15min at a rotating speed of 55 revolutions per minute, granulating the powder, screening to obtain aggregate with the particle size of 5-10mm, and storing the obtained aggregate with water saturation in a sealed plastic bag for standby.
S3, freezing the obtained aggregate for 12 hours at the temperature of minus 10 ℃, then sublimating and drying for 24 hours at the temperature of minus 45 ℃ under the vacuum of 18Pa, then curing for 24 hours at the temperature of 20 ℃ and the relative humidity of 50%, and soaking in water for 24 hours after curing is finished, thus obtaining the aggregate in a saturated surface dry state, namely the refractory aggregate.
The preparation method of the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber comprises the following steps:
p1, grinding basalt fiber and spodumene in a mass ratio of 7:10 in a ball milling tank for 6 hours, heating to 250 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10 hours, heating to 350 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 14 hours, heating to 550 ℃ at a speed of 3 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1.5 hours, and cooling with a furnace to obtain mixed powder;
p2 mixing the obtained mixed powder with high-gel powder and nanometer CaCO 3 Powder, compatibilizer, tiO 2 And SnO 2 Uniformly mixing according to the mass ratio of 15:20:8:10:5:2, heating to 1600 ℃ under the protection of argon gas, melt blending for 2 hours, extruding by adopting a double-screw extruder at the rotating speed of 170rpm/min to obtain coarse yarns, connecting the coarse yarns with a wire drawing machine, controlling the temperature in the wire drawing machine to be 800 ℃, controlling the speed of the wire drawing machine to be 300m/min, obtaining filaments with the diameter of 10-20 mu m, and finally cutting the filaments into 12mm by a cutter, thereby obtaining the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber.
Comparative example 1
The concrete of comparative example 1 was substantially the same as in example 1 except that basalt aggregate having a particle size of 5 to 10mm was used instead of refractory aggregate in this comparative example.
For a pair of proportion 2
The concrete of comparative example 2 was substantially the same as in example 1 except that basalt fiber having a diameter of 10 to 20 μm and a length of 12mm was used instead of heat-shrinkable basalt fiber in this comparative example.
Comparative example 3
The concrete of comparative example 3 was substantially the same as in example 1 except that in the preparation method of the refractory aggregate, corncob was placed in a muffle furnace, calcined at 600 ℃ for 2 hours, and cooled to room temperature to obtain corncob ash.
Comparative example 4
The concrete of comparative example 4 is substantially the same as in example 1 except that in step S2, the corncob ash is omitted and the amount of modified fine limestone is increased accordingly.
Comparative example 5
The concrete of comparative example 5 is substantially the same as in example 1, except that in step S2, modified fine limestone is omitted and the amount of corncob ash is increased accordingly.
Comparative example 6
The concrete of comparative example 6 was substantially the same as in example 1 except that in step S3, the freeze-drying method was replaced by a method of drying by heating to 100℃under normal atmospheric pressure.
Test examples
The mixed concrete of the example and the comparative example is manufactured into a cubic concrete test block with the thickness of 150mm multiplied by 150mm, and after a group of test blocks are subjected to standard curing for 28d, the compressive strength and the cracking resistance of the concrete are tested; the other group of test blocks are dried in an oven at 110 ℃ for 24 hours after being removed from the mold and standard cured for 28 days, then are put in a high-temperature furnace and burned for 3 hours at the constant temperature of 300 ℃ and 600 ℃ respectively, then naturally cooling the concrete to room temperature, and testing the compressive strength and the cracking resistance of the burnt concrete, wherein the test results are shown in table 1.
The compressive strength of the concrete is tested according to the relevant regulations of GB/T50081-2019 "common concrete physical and mechanical property test method Standard"; the cracking resistance of the concrete is tested according to the relevant regulations in GB/T50082-2009 "test method Standard for Long-term Performance and durability of common concrete".
Table 1 compressive strength and crack resistance of concrete
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the concretes of examples 1 to 3 according to the present invention have excellent mechanical strength and crack resistance, and even after high temperature treatment, the concretes have higher compressive strength and lower number of cracks per unit area, indicating that the concretes according to the present invention have excellent heat resistance. The refractory aggregate prepared by the invention has a structure with the outer surface closed and the inner porous, so that the thermal conductivity and the thermal expansion coefficient of the concrete are obviously reduced, and the heat-resistant performance of the concrete is improved by cooperating with the thermal shrinkage effect of the thermal shrinkage basalt fiber.
Compared with basalt aggregate, according to the invention, compared with the basalt aggregate, the refractory aggregate prepared by the invention has the characteristic of a closed porous structure, so that the heat transmission efficiency in concrete is effectively reduced, the thermal expansion deformation of the concrete is relatively reduced, and the cracking resistance of the heat-resistant concrete at high temperature is further improved.
As can be seen from the comparison of example 1 and comparative example 2, the use of heat-shrinkable basalt fiber can improve the mechanical strength and crack resistance of concrete at high temperature, compared to basalt fiber; this is because the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber generates a pretension force on the aggregate and the binder by utilizing the high-temperature shrinkage property thereof at a high temperature, resists the expansion stress in the concrete, and prevents cracks from being generated due to excessive deformation in the concrete.
Compared with example 1, the comparative example 3 adopts the corncob ash obtained by calcining at 600 ℃, the thermal stability of the concrete is seriously reduced, the compressive strength of the concrete is reduced by 22.8% after the test block is calcined at 600 ℃, and the safety of the heat-resistant concrete is reduced. Through scanning electron microscope analysis of corncob ash, the surface of the corncob ash obtained by calcining at 600 ℃ is easy to adhere to form flocculent large particles, obvious large particle slag blocks exist, part of corncob is insufficiently combusted, a small amount of combustible components still exist in the ash, and SiO (silicon dioxide) in the corncob ash 2 、Al 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 The content is reduced.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 4 lacks corncob ash, shortens the setting time of cement, sets and hardens the aggregate without water saturation in the hardening and forming process, correspondingly reduces the porosity of the refractory aggregate, increases the thermal expansion coefficient of the refractory aggregate, and has limited effect of improving the heat resistance of the concrete.
Compared with example 1, the comparative example 5 lacks modified tuff powder, increases the amount of corncob ash, and reduces the setting and hardening strength of refractory aggregate due to the lower activity of the corncob ash compared with the modified tuff powder, resulting in 8.0% reduction of 28-day concrete strength; meanwhile, due to the lack of the water absorption effect of the tuff powder, the porosity of the refractory aggregate is reduced, and compared with the example 1, the number of concrete cracks is increased by 6.6 pieces/m under the high temperature effect of 600 DEG C 2 。
Compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 6 does not adopt a freeze drying mode, the obtained refractory aggregate does not contain a closed porous structure, the thermal expansion coefficient of the refractory aggregate is increased, the internal heat transfer coefficient of the concrete is also increased, and the mechanical property and the cracking resistance of the concrete are obviously reduced due to the thermal expansion of the concrete.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The heat-resistant low-carbon concrete is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 300 to 350 parts of cement, 110 to 150 parts of composite admixture, 1000 to 1400 parts of refractory aggregate, 650 to 850 parts of granite powder sand, 50 to 60 parts of heat-shrinkable basalt fiber, 3.5 to 8.0 parts of water reducer and 142 to 165 parts of water;
the preparation method of the refractory aggregate comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing tuff powder with a NaOH solution, and drying to obtain modified tuff powder;
s2, adding the corncob ash, the silicate cement and the modified tuff powder into a granulator, uniformly stirring, spraying water for granulation, and screening to obtain aggregate with the particle size of 5-10 mm;
s3, placing the obtained aggregate at the temperature of minus 10 ℃ to minus 5 ℃ for freezing, and then carrying out low-temperature vacuum drying to obtain the refractory aggregate.
2. The heat-resistant low-carbon concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the mass ratio of the tuff powder to the NaOH solution is (0.6-1.2): (6-10), wherein the mass concentration of the NaOH solution is 6-12%.
3. The heat-resistant low-carbon concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the mass ratio of the corncob ash, the Portland cement, the modified tuff powder and the water is (0.6-1.5): (2-6): (0.5-2.0): (0.7-2.5).
4. The heat-resistant low-carbon concrete according to claim 1, wherein in the step S3, the condition of low-temperature vacuum drying is sublimation drying for 20-24 h at a temperature of-60 to-40 ℃ and a vacuum of 10-30 Pa.
5. The heat-resistant low-carbon concrete according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber comprises the following steps:
p1, mixing basalt fiber and spodumene, grinding, preserving heat at 150-250 ℃ for 10-14 h, then heating to 350-450 ℃ for 10-14 h, then heating to 550-650 ℃ for 0.5-1.5 h, and cooling to obtain mixed powder;
p2 mixing the obtained mixed powder with high-gel powder and nanometer CaCO 3 Powder, compatibilizer, tiO 2 And SnO 2 Uniformly mixing, and obtaining the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber after melt extrusion, spinning and cutting.
6. The heat-resistant low-carbon concrete according to claim 5, wherein in the step P1, the mass ratio of basalt fiber to spodumene is (2 to 7): (4-10).
7. The heat-resistant low-carbon concrete according to claim 5, wherein in the step P2, the mixed powder is mixed with high-glue powder and nano CaCO 3 Powder, compatibilizer, tiO 2 And SnO 2 Is of the mass ratio of (8-15): (10-20): (8-15): (5-10): (2-5): (0.5-2.0).
8. The heat resistant low carbon concrete of claim 5, wherein said compatibilizer is prepared by copolymerizing styrene and maleic anhydride.
9. The heat-resistant low-carbon concrete according to claim 1, wherein the composite admixture comprises the following components in mass ratio of 1: silica fume and fly ash of (1-2).
10. The method for preparing the heat-resistant low-carbon concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) weighing the components in parts by weight;
and M2, uniformly mixing the cement and the composite admixture, then adding the granite powder sand, the water reducer and water, uniformly mixing, adding the refractory aggregate, uniformly mixing, adding the heat-shrinkable basalt fiber, and stirring, pouring, curing and demolding to obtain the heat-resistant low-carbon concrete.
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