CN117356395A - Rapid-growing jackfruit seedling biological matrix containing beneficial microorganisms and seedling raising method - Google Patents
Rapid-growing jackfruit seedling biological matrix containing beneficial microorganisms and seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117356395A CN117356395A CN202311529222.8A CN202311529222A CN117356395A CN 117356395 A CN117356395 A CN 117356395A CN 202311529222 A CN202311529222 A CN 202311529222A CN 117356395 A CN117356395 A CN 117356395A
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- 244000025352 Artocarpus heterophyllus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 235000008725 Artocarpus heterophyllus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title abstract description 25
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 23
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 44
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a rapid-growing jackfruit seedling biological matrix containing beneficial microorganisms and a seedling method. The invention has the innovation points that beneficial bacteria for promoting jackfruit growth are cultivated in field in-situ, jackfruit seedlings containing beneficial bacteria in rhizosphere are cultivated through in-situ soil inoculation and special nutrient substance supply, and the problems of high flux work for screening single functional bacteria, low survival rate of single functional bacteria tieback soil and the like are avoided; meanwhile, the beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms are colonized in the seedling stage, so that the beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms are promoted to rapidly occupy ecological sites in field soil, and the jackfruit growth in degenerated soil is effectively promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a rapid-growing jackfruit seedling biological matrix containing beneficial microorganisms and a seedling method.
Background
The jackfruit pulp is rich in nutrition, and the seeds are rich in starch, so that the jackfruit is a woody grain and fruit tree widely planted in tropical and subtropical areas of China. According to incomplete statistics, the jackfruit planting area of China is more than 50 ten thousand mu, wherein the planting area of Hainan province is about 30 ten thousand mu, and the jackfruit planting area is an advantageous characteristic industry of hot area agriculture efficiency improvement, farmer income improvement and rural greening.
In recent years, the jackfruit garden is subjected to long-term bias application of chemical fertilizer, so that microecological unbalance of rhizosphere is caused, the function of promoting nutrient turnover and plant growth of rhizosphere flora is weakened, efficient utilization of crop nutrients is restricted, and the tree body is weakened, and the yield and quality are obviously reduced. The improvement effect of the organic fertilizer on the micro-ecological environment of the degraded soil is not universal due to the influence of environmental factors (soil type, microorganism diversity and nutrient availability). Especially healthy jackfruit seedlings are transplanted into degraded soil, and healthy and beneficial living communities cannot be formed on jackfruit rhizosphere due to unbalanced nutrient and microorganism systems of the degraded soil, so that the jackfruit seedlings are extremely unfavorable for jackfruit growth in the long term. The engineering quantity of field soil improvement is large, the soil degradation cause and the targeted obstacle factor reduction principle are required to be clarified to form a targeted improvement technology, the technical requirement is high, and the method is not easy to realize. Therefore, the rapid-growing jackfruit seedling biological matrix containing beneficial microorganisms and the seedling raising method have important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the rapid-growing jackfruit seedling biological matrix containing beneficial microorganisms and the seedling raising method provided by the invention can be used for in-situ field incubation of beneficial bacteria for promoting jackfruit growth, and cultivating jackfruit seedlings containing beneficial bacteria in rhizosphere through in-situ soil inoculation and special nutrient substance supply, so that the problems of high flux work for screening single functional bacteria, low survival rate of single functional bacteria in tie soil and the like are avoided; meanwhile, the beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms are colonized in the seedling stage, so that the beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms are promoted to rapidly occupy ecological sites in field soil, and the jackfruit growth in degenerated soil is effectively promoted.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides jackfruit seedling biological matrix, which comprises high-yield soil, organic fertilizer and coconut chaff;
the coconut husk is produced by Wenchang Yongxing industry Co., ltd, and the product number is YK0124;
the preparation method of the high-yield soil comprises the following steps: 45 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 15 (N) -15 (P) are applied to each plant of the soil planted with jackfruit every year 2 O 5 )-15(K 2 1.5 parts by weight of compound fertilizer of O), 1 part by weight of 10-20-20 high-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 0.5 part by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and continuously applying for more than 3 years, wherein the obtained periapical soil is high-yield soil;
the soil in which jackfruit is planted comprises soil in a stable production period of a new jackfruit planting garden;
the organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g.kg –1 Is an organic matter of (a);
the organic fertilizer comprises 15.3-16.0g.kg –1 N of (c);
the organic fertilizer comprises 47.0-47.5 g.kg –1 P of (2) 2 O 5 ；
The organic fertilizer comprises 12.6-13.2 g.kg –1 K of (2) 2 O；
The pH value of the organic fertilizer is 8.4.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the jackfruit seedling biological matrix comprises, by weight, 1 part of high-yield soil, 0.2 part of organic fertilizer, and 0.3 part of coconut coir.
The invention also provides a jackfruit seedling raising method based on the jackfruit seedling biological matrix.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned seedling raising method comprises the steps of:
step (1): planting germinated jackfruit seeds into the jackfruit seedling biological matrix, and culturing to obtain seedlings;
step (2): and (3) after 3 pieces of complete new leaves Shi Tushi wt% of the organic water-soluble fertilizer containing the amino acid grow out of the seedlings in the step (1), the organic water-soluble fertilizer containing the amino acid is applied for 1 time every 10 days, and the seedlings are continuously cultivated for 60 days, and the seedlings are continuously cultivated.
In some embodiments of the invention, the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer comprises 450g/L organic matters.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the total amino acid content of the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer in the seedling raising method is 500g/L.
In some specific embodiments of the invention, the free amino acid content of the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer in the seedling raising method is 100g/L.
The invention also provides a jackfruit planting method, which comprises the following steps:
step (1): planting germinated jackfruit seeds into the jackfruit seedling biological matrix, and culturing to obtain seedlings;
step (2): after 3 pieces of complete new leaves Shi Tushi wt% of the organic water-soluble fertilizer containing the amino acid grow out of the seedlings in the step (1), the organic water-soluble fertilizer containing the amino acid is applied for 1 time every 10 days, and the seedlings are continuously cultivated for 60 days, and the jackfruit seedlings are obtained;
step (3): and (3) applying an organic fertilizer into the planting hole, transplanting the jackfruit seedling in the step (2) into the planting hole, and culturing to obtain jackfruit.
In some embodiments of the invention, the planting method described above:
the organic matter content of the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer is 450g/L; and/or
The total amino acid content of the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer is 500g/L; and/or
The free amino acid content of the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer is 100g/L.
In some embodiments of the invention, the planting method described above:
the organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g.kg –1 Is an organic matter of (a);
the organic fertilizer comprises 15.3-16.0g.kg –1 N of (c);
the organic fertilizer comprises 47.0-47.5 g.kg –1 P of (2) 2 O 5 ；
The organic fertilizer comprises 12.6-13.2 g.kg –1 K of (2) 2 O；
The pH value of the organic fertilizer is 8.4.
The method of the invention has the following effects:
on one hand, the method comprises the steps of cultivating high-yield soil containing beneficial microorganisms, and mixing the high-yield garden soil with seedling substrates to form an incubation environment of the beneficial microorganisms. Meanwhile, the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied during jackfruit seedling raising, so that a specially preferred nutrition source is provided for beneficial microorganisms. The rhizosphere from the seedling substrate to the nursery-grown seedlings and the rhizosphere after field planting show higher microorganism and nematode diversity, so that the available nutrients of the rhizosphere are increased, and the growth of jackfruit seedlings is promoted. The method has the advantages of easy operation, low cost, convenient implementation and low requirements on technical conditions. Compared with the common seedling raising method, the method of the invention increases the dry weight of jackfruit nursery seedling plants by more than 40%, shortens the new She Chou generation time by 3 days after the plants are transplanted into the degenerated soil, and increases the dry weight of the plants by more than 30%. And can keep higher pH and organic matter level of soil, and increase alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting potassium content and microbial diversity of soil.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a fast-growing jackfruit seedling biological matrix containing beneficial microorganisms and a seedling raising method, and the technical parameters can be properly improved by a person skilled in the art by referring to the content of the matrix. It is expressly noted that all such similar substitutions and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and are deemed to be included in the present invention. While the methods and applications of this invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant art that variations and modifications can be made in the methods and applications described herein, and in the practice and application of the techniques of this invention, without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
The key to determining the microecological balance of the soil as in the background art is the interaction between the soil microorganisms and plants and soil animals. The diversified food network relationship finally adjusts the quantity and activity of microorganisms, releases nutrients held in the biomass of the microorganisms, and further influences the transformation of the microorganisms to soil nutrients, thereby influencing the ecological process of the soil and the plant growth. Therefore, the beneficial rhizosphere life community is constructed in the jackfruit seedling stage, the jackfruit seedlings with strong healthy resistance are cultivated, the beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms are promoted to occupy ecological space in the field soil, and the jackfruit growth in the degenerated soil is effectively promoted.
The invention relates to a rapid-growing jackfruit seedling biological matrix containing beneficial microorganisms and a seedling raising method, wherein the technical scheme comprises the following steps:
(1) Cultivating high-yield soil: 1 new jackfruit plantation in stable yield period (5 years old) is selected, and 45 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 15 (N) -15 (P) are applied each plant year 2 O 5 )-15(K 2 1.5 kg of compound fertilizer of O), 1 kg of 10-20-20 kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and is continuously applied for more than 3 years. The commercial organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g.kg of organic matters –1 ，N(15.3～16.0)g·kg –1 ，P 2 O 5 (47.0～47.5)g·kg –1 ，K 2 O(12.6～13.2)g·kg –1 pH 8.4, produced by Hubei Zhonghua eastern fertilizer Co., ltd. The yield per mu of cultivated jackfruit can reach more than 4000 kg. The cultivated periapical soil is high-yield soil containing beneficial microorganisms.
(2) Manufacturing a biological matrix: transferring germinated jackfruit seeds into seedling bags filled with nutrient soil, wherein the nutrient soil is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.2 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 1 kg of high-yield garden soil and 0.3 kg of coconut coir, and the commercial organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g.kg of organic matters –1 ，N(15.3～16.0)g·kg –1 ，P 2 O 5 (47.0～47.5)g·kg –1 ，K 2 O(12.6～13.2)g·kg –1 pH 8.4, produced by Hubei Zhonghua eastern fertilizer Co., ltd. The coconut husk is produced by Wenchang Yongxing industry Co., ltd, and the product number is YK0124.
(3) Cultivating the growth-promoting jackfruit seedlings: after 3 seedlings grow out of the whole new leaves, applying 1 time of 5wt% amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer (the organic matters in the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer are 450g/L, the total amino acid content is 500g/L, and the free amino acid content is 100g/L, which is excellent and beautiful organic water-soluble fertilizer produced by the nutrient limited company of medium (tobacco table) crops) to the soil every 10 days, and applying 1 time of the fertilizer, wherein the operation is consistent with the conventional production seedling cultivation operation after 60 days of continuous culture.
It should be understood that the expression "one or more of … …" individually includes each of the objects recited after the expression and various combinations of two or more of the recited objects unless otherwise understood from the context and usage. The expression "and/or" in combination with three or more recited objects should be understood as having the same meaning unless otherwise understood from the context.
The use of the terms "comprising," "having," or "containing," including grammatical equivalents thereof, should generally be construed as open-ended and non-limiting, e.g., not to exclude other unrecited elements or steps, unless specifically stated otherwise or otherwise understood from the context.
It should be understood that the order of steps or order of performing certain actions is not important so long as the invention remains operable. Furthermore, two or more steps or actions may be performed simultaneously.
The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language, such as "e.g." or "comprising" herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.
Furthermore, the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the present invention are approximations that may vary as precisely as possible in the exemplary embodiments. However, any numerical value inherently contains certain standard deviations found in their respective testing measurements. Accordingly, unless explicitly stated otherwise, it is to be understood that all ranges, amounts, values and percentages used in this disclosure are modified by "about". As used herein, "about" generally means that the actual value is within plus or minus 10%, 5%, 1% or 0.5% of a particular value or range.
The commercial organic fertilizer is produced by the Bose neutral Oriental fertilizer Co-Ltd and comprises 450-500 g.kg of organic matters –1 ，N(15.3～16.0)g·kg –1 ，P 2 O 5 (47.0～47.5)g·kg –1 ，K 2 O(12.6～13.2)g·kg –1 ，pH 8.4。
Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, reagents, consumables and instruments involved in the present invention are all commercially available and commercially available.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1: high-yield soil cultivation
1 new jackfruit plantation in stable yield period (5 years old) is selected, and 45 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 15 (N) -15 (P) are applied each plant year 2 O 5 )-15(K 2 The compound fertilizer of O) is 1.5 kg, 10-20-20 kg of high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the continuous application is more than 3 years (the organic fertilizer is applied once after fruit picking, and the fertilizer is applied for three times after fruit picking, flowering period and fruit swelling period). The yield per mu of cultivated jackfruit can reach more than 4000 kg. The conventional seedling substrate soil mainly selects a common orchard, and 20 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 15 (N) -15 (P) is applied to the plant every year 2 O 5 )-15(K 2 2 kg of compound fertilizer of O), 2 kg of 10-20-20 high phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer, 1 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and continuous application for more than 3 years (the organic fertilizer is applied once after fruit picking, and the fertilizer is applied for three times equally after fruit picking, flowering period and fruit swelling period). The jackfruit yield per mu is more than 2500 kg. The results of comparing the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the orchard soil (Table 1) in the two fertilization modes show that the pH, organic matter content, quick-acting potassium content and bacterial diversity of the cultivated high-yield orchard soil are all obviously higher than those of a common orchard. Soil physicochemical index reference Bao Shidan (soil agrochemical analysis [ M ]]China agriculture press, 2000), the bacterial and fungal diversity of the soil was determined and analyzed by a high throughput sequencing method (Shen, z.z., zhong, s.t., wang, y.g., wang, b.b., mei, x.l., li, r., ruan, y.z., shen, Q.R.,2013b.Induced soil microbial suppression of banana fusarium wilt disease using compost and biofertilizers to improve yield and quality.Eur.J.Soil Biol.57,1-8.). Soil nematode diversity reference Yin Wenying (China soil animal search pattern [ M)]The method of science publishers, 1998) first performs classification and identification, and then performs diversity index calculation (Yeates GW. Nematodes as soil indicators: functional and biodiversity aspects [ J)].Biology and Fertility of Soil,2003,37(4):199-210)。
Table 1: physical and chemical properties and microbial properties of soil in different orchards
| Treatment of | High yield garden | Ordinary garden |
| pH | 6.51±0.04 a | 5.67±0.05 b |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 27.46±0.41 a | 22.77±0.48 b |
| Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg/kg) | 56.82±2.43 a | 53.64±3.32 a |
| Quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg) | 180.28±3.60 b | 269.80±1.73 a |
| Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) | 67.23±2.85 a | 38.36±2.77 b |
| Bacterial diversity index | 6.84±0.11 a | 6.27±0.19 b |
| Fungal diversity index | 3.40±0.18 a | 3.30±0.10 a |
| Nematode diversity index | 2.46±0.09 a | 2.27±0.09 a |
Example 2: biological matrix production
The biological matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.2 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 1 kg of high-yield garden soil and 0.3 kg of coconut husk, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g.kg of organic matters –1 ，N(15.3～16.0)g·kg –1 ，P 2 O 5 (47.0～47.5)g·kg –1 ，K 2 O(12.6～13.2)g·kg –1 pH 8.4. The common matrix is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.2 kg of commercial organic fertilizer, 1 kg of common garden soil and 0.3 kg of coconut husk, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g.kg of organic matters –1 ，N(15.3～16.0)g·kg –1 ，P 2 O 5 (47.0～47.5)g·kg –1 ，K 2 O(12.6～13.2)g·kg –1 pH 8.4. The results of comparing the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the two seedling substrates (Table 2) show that the pH, organic matter content, quick-acting potassium content, bacterial, fungal and nematode diversity of the biological substrates are significantly higher than that of the common seedling substrates.
Table 2: physical and chemical and microbiological characteristics of different seedling raising substrates
| Treatment of | Biological matrix | Common matrix |
| pH | 6.46±0.04 a | 5.51±0.08 b |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 26.32±0.60 a | 20.64±0.50 b |
| Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg/kg) | 54.00±2.12 a | 51.15±2.43 a |
| Quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg) | 177.54±6.08 b | 258.42±1.92 a |
| Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) | 65.04±2.49 a | 34.25±2.22 b |
| Bacterial diversity index | 6.50±0.22 a | 6.01±0.12 b |
| Fungal diversity index | 3.37±0.15 a | 3.06±0.06 b |
| Nematode diversity index | 2.38±0.03 a | 2.06±0.06 b |
Example 3: growth-promoting jackfruit seedling cultivation
Growth-promoting jackfruit seedling cultivation (biological matrix+amino acid): transferring germinated jackfruit seeds to a seedling raising bag filled with biological matrix, applying 1 time of 5wt% amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer (the organic matters in the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer are 450g/L, the total amino acid content is 500g/L, and the free amino acid content is 100g/L, which is excellent beautiful organic water-soluble fertilizer produced by medium (tobacco table) crop nutrition limited company) to soil after 3 seedlings grow up, applying 1 time every 10 days, and continuously culturing for 60 days, wherein the operation is consistent with that of conventional production seedling raising.
Comparative example 1 (common matrix + amino acid): transferring germinated jackfruit seeds into a seedling raising bag filled with a common matrix, applying 1 time of 5wt% amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer (the organic matters in the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer are 450g/L, the total amino acid content is 500g/L, and the free amino acid content is 100g/L, which is excellent beautiful organic water-soluble fertilizer produced by the nutrient limited company of medium (tobacco table) crops) to the seedlings after 3 seedlings grow up, applying 1 time every 10 days, and continuously culturing for 60 days, wherein the operation is consistent with the conventional production seedling raising operation.
Comparative example 2 (biological matrix + compound fertilizer): transferring germinated jackfruit seeds into seedling bag filled with biological matrix, and applying 2wt%15 (N) -15 (P) 1 times after 3 seedlings grow into whole new leaves 2 O 5 )-15(K 2 The compound fertilizer aqueous solution of O) is applied for 1 time every 10 days, and the operation is consistent with the operation of conventional production seedling cultivation after 60 days of continuous culture.
Comparative example 3 (general seedling: general matrix + compound fertilizer): transferring germinated jackfruit seeds into seedling bag filled with common matrix, and applying 2wt%15 (N) -15 (P) 1 times after 3 seedlings grow up to complete new leaves 2 O 5 )-15(K 2 The compound fertilizer aqueous solution of O) is applied for 1 time every 10 days, and the operation is consistent with the operation of conventional production seedling cultivation after 60 days of continuous culture.
The results of comparing soil physicochemical and microbial characteristics (table 3) after the four seedling raising modes are cultivated for 60 days show that the soil pH, organic matter content, bacterial, fungal and nematode diversity and plant dry weight and root system dry weight of the biological matrix+amino acid seedling raising mode are all significantly higher than those of other seedling raising modes, wherein the jackfruit seedling dry weight is increased by 40.88% compared with that of the common seedling raising method (common matrix+compound fertilizer), and the alkaline nitrogen and quick-acting potassium content is also significantly increased.
Table 3: soil physical and chemical and microorganism characteristics after 60 days of cultivation in different seedling cultivation modes
| Treatment of | Biological matrix + amino acids | Common matrix + amino acid | Biological matrix and compound fertilizer | Common matrix + compound fertilizer |
| pH | 6.24±0.07 a | 5.43±0.04 c | 5.81±0.07 b | 5.33±0.09 c |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 24.64±1.00 a | 20.6±0.47 c | 22.31±0.62 b | 18.97±0.66 d |
| Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg/kg) | 45.77±2.64 a | 37.27±0.84 b | 47.39±0.83 a | 37.52±0.98 b |
| Quick-acting phosphorus (mg/kg) | 174.18±5.25 b | 229.71±8.11 a | 181.93±2.01 b | 230.40±5.50 a |
| Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) | 58.84±1.30 b | 28.34±1.43 c | 65.46±0.98 a | 29.15±1.50 c |
| Bacterial diversity index | 6.84±0.11 a | 5.70±0.04 c | 6.28±0.14 b | 5.63±0.09 c |
| Fungal diversity index | 3.73±0.08 a | 3.47±0.09 b | 3.63±0.05 ab | 3.12±0.17 c |
| Nematode diversity index | 2.56±0.09 a | 2.33±0.09 b | 2.39±0.02 b | 2.09±0.04 c |
| Plant dry weight (g) | 35.05±0.19 a | 25.39±0.36 c | 27.01±0.35 b | 24.88±0.53 c |
| Root system dry weight (g) | 8.14±0.18 a | 5.98±0.26 c | 6.64±0.48 b | 6.30±0.12 bc |
Example 4: field characteristics of jackfruit seedlings transplanted into degenerated soil
Transplanting the 4 cultivated jackfruit seedlings in the embodiment 3 into degraded soil, wherein the physical and chemical properties of the degraded soil are as follows: pH 5.30, organic matter content 15.73 g.kg –1 38.58 mg/kg of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen –1 Quick-acting 154.76 mg/kg of phosphorus –1 Quick-acting potassium 24.35 mg.kg –1 . 10 kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to the planting holes as a base fertilizer before transplanting, jackfruit seedlings are transplanted after uniform stirring, and irrigation and management are unified. The commercial organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g.kg of organic matters –1 ，N(15.3～16.0)g·kg –1 ，P 2 O 5 (47.0～47.5)g·kg –1 ，K 2 O(12.6～13.2)g·kg –1 pH 8.4. Transplanting 9Growth index and soil physicochemical property measurements were performed after 0 day (table 4). The result shows that after the degenerated soil is transplanted, the jackfruit seedling rhizosphere soil treated by the biological matrix and the amino acid can still keep higher pH and organic matter content, the diversity of bacteria, fungi and nematodes and the dry weight of plants and root system are obviously higher than those of other treatments, and the new She Chou growing time is shortened by 3 days compared with that of the common seedling raising treatment; the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and quick-acting potassium is also obviously higher than that of common seedling raising treatment; the dry weight of the plants and the dry weight of the root system are obviously increased by 37.57 percent and 47.76 percent.
Table 4: field characteristics of jackfruit seedlings cultivated in different modes after being transplanted into degraded soil
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The jackfruit seedling biological matrix is characterized by comprising high-yield soil, organic fertilizer and coconut chaff;
the preparation method of the high-yield soil comprises the following steps: 45 parts by weight of organic fertilizer, 15 (N) -15 (P) are applied to each plant of the soil planted with jackfruit every year 2 O 5 )-15(K 2 1.5 parts by weight of compound fertilizer of O), 1 part by weight of 10-20-20 high-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer and 0.5 part by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and continuously applying for more than 3 years, wherein the obtained periapical soil is high-yield soil;
the soil in which jackfruit is planted comprises soil in a stable production period of a new jackfruit planting garden;
the organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g.kg –1 Is an organic matter of (a);
the organic fertilizer comprises 15.3-16.0g.kg –1 N of (c);
the organic fertilizer comprises 47.0-47.5 g.kg –1 P of (2) 2 O 5 ；
The organic fertilizer comprises 12.6-13.2 g.kg –1 K of (2) 2 O；
The pH value of the organic fertilizer is 8.4.
2. The jackfruit seedling biological substrate according to claim 1, wherein the high-yield soil is 1 part by weight, the organic fertilizer is 0.2 part by weight, and the coconut husk is 0.3 part by weight.
3. A method for raising jackfruit seedlings, characterized in that it is based on jackfruit seedling biomatrix as claimed in claim 1 or 2.
4. A method of growing seedlings according to claim 3, comprising the steps of:
step (1): planting germinated jackfruit seeds into the jackfruit seedling biological matrix according to claim 1 or 2, and culturing to obtain seedlings;
step (2): and (3) after 3 pieces of complete new leaves Shi Tushi wt% of the organic water-soluble fertilizer containing the amino acid grow out of the seedlings in the step (1), the organic water-soluble fertilizer containing the amino acid is applied for 1 time every 10 days, and the seedlings are continuously cultivated for 60 days, and the seedlings are continuously cultivated.
5. The method of raising seedlings according to claim 4, wherein said amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer includes 450g/L of organic matter.
6. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the total amino acid content of said amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer is 500g/L.
7. The method for raising seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the free amino acid content of said amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer is 100g/L.
8. The jackfruit planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step (1): planting germinated jackfruit seeds into the jackfruit seedling biological matrix according to claim 1 or 2, and culturing to obtain seedlings;
step (2): after 3 pieces of complete new leaves Shi Tushi wt% of the organic water-soluble fertilizer containing the amino acid grow out of the seedlings in the step (1), the organic water-soluble fertilizer containing the amino acid is applied for 1 time every 10 days, and the seedlings are continuously cultivated for 60 days, and the jackfruit seedlings are obtained;
step (3): and (3) applying an organic fertilizer into the planting hole, transplanting the jackfruit seedling in the step (2) into the planting hole, and culturing to obtain jackfruit.
9. The planting method of claim 8, comprising:
the organic matter content of the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer is 450g/L; and/or
The total amino acid content of the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer is 500g/L; and/or
The free amino acid content of the amino acid-containing organic water-soluble fertilizer is 100g/L.
10. The planting method of claim 8, comprising:
the organic fertilizer comprises 450-500 g.kg –1 Is an organic matter of (a);
the organic fertilizer comprises 15.3-16.0g.kg –1 N of (c);
the organic fertilizer comprises 47.0-47.5 g.kg –1 P of (2) 2 O 5 ；
The organic fertilizer comprises 12.6-13.2 g.kg –1 K of (2) 2 O；
The pH value of the organic fertilizer is 8.4.
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