CN117352790A - Operation efficiency optimization method of multi-module fuel cell power generation system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an operation efficiency optimization method of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system, which belongs to the technical field of new energy power generation and specifically comprises the following steps: for a multi-module fuel cell power generation system adopting a parallel topology structure, firstly obtaining the output power of each electric pile subsystem, and calculating the operation efficiency and the auxiliary equipment efficiency of the electric pile subsystem to obtain the power generation efficiency; taking the overall efficiency of all the electric pile subsystems as an efficiency optimization objective function; and searching a feasible solution which enables the efficiency optimization objective function to be the maximum value by utilizing an efficiency optimization algorithm. According to the total required power, the output power of each electric pile subsystem is dynamically adjusted in real time based on an efficiency optimization algorithm so as to meet the real-time requirement of the current load and the optimal efficiency curve of the multi-module fuel cell power generation system, thereby reducing the fuel cost and prolonging the service life of the electric pile subsystem; even if the pile subsystem fails, the system can still continue to operate, so that continuous power supply is ensured, and the reliability and stability of the system are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy power generation, and particularly relates to an operation efficiency optimization method of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell technology is a novel clean energy technology which enables air and hydrogen to generate electric energy through electrochemical reaction of a proton exchange membrane and only has water in discharge, has the characteristics of high efficiency, low discharge, stable load and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of traffic, power generation, emergency power supply and the like.
In recent years, fuel cells have been rapidly developed at home and abroad, however, the limitation of the current fuel cell technology development causes a certain challenge to the requirement of high-power application, and in order to overcome the challenge, researchers begin to consider developing a multi-module fuel cell power generation system. Such systems aim to achieve higher power output capabilities by employing parallel, serial or hybrid configurations of two or even more modules. Compared with a low-power fuel cell, the high-power system has higher power output level and wider application range, and stable operation conditions lead the durability and the service life to be longer, so that the high-power system is suitable for the scenes of larger power supply, such as industrial production, commercial facilities, public service and the like.
In the context of high hydrogen energy development costs and limited application scale, the economies of application of multi-module fuel cell systems have been a focus of attention, particularly in terms of how to ensure that multi-module fuel cells operate as far as possible at the point of maximum efficiency of the system as a whole during its operation. The method improves the overall operation efficiency of the system, reduces the hydrogen consumption, is a critical problem to be solved urgently, and has important significance for large-scale popularization and application of the fuel cell. Because each subsystem of the multi-module power generation system has the problems of performance, service life difference and the like, how to distribute the output power of each subsystem so that the multi-module power generation system operates in a high-efficiency state is a problem which needs to be studied in the present day.
Aiming at the problem of efficiency optimization in the application process of the high-power multi-module fuel cell, two typical system power distribution methods exist: average allocation and chained allocation. The average distribution means that the required power is distributed to each fuel cell subsystem evenly, the real-time output power of each subsystem keeps consistent, the distribution strategy ignores the variability among systems and the variability of external requirements, and the problems of system overall performance reduction, unbalanced load, unmatched health state and the like can be caused; the chain distribution means that each fuel cell subsystem starts to work one by one, the next subsystem is started after the previous subsystem works to the maximum output power, and the like, and in the distribution strategy, all the subsystems are operated in a fixed sequence, so that the performance of the first subsystem is greatly reduced, and the efficiency of the whole system is reduced. Therefore, the high-power multi-module power generation system operation efficiency optimization method aiming at the fuel cell operation characteristics is provided, and has important significance for commercial application and popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an operation efficiency optimization method of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system, and the whole system operates with optimal efficiency by carrying out real-time power distribution on all subsystems, so that the efficiency, stability and durability of the power generation system are improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of optimizing the operating efficiency of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system, comprising the steps of:
step 1, for a multi-module fuel cell power generation system formed by parallel topology of n electric pile subsystems, collecting output voltages V of the ith electric pile subsystem, i=1, 2 and … in real time fc,i And current I fc,i Thereby obtaining the output power P of the ith electric pile subsystem fc,i ＝V fc,i ×I fc,i ,i＝1,2,...,n；
Definition of the operating efficiency η of the ith electric stack subsystem stack,i For output power P fc,i Energy value of hydrogen consumed by the sameRatio of (2), namely:
wherein DeltaH HV,i A high and low heating value for hydrogen of the ith stack subsystem; f is Faraday constant;
step 2, power consumption P based on air compressor air And power consumption P of radiator fan fan Calculating the auxiliary equipment efficiency eta of the ith electric pile subsystem aux,i I.e.
Wherein P is aux Power consumption for fuel cell system auxiliary equipment; d (D) fan The duty ratio of the cooling fan; c 1 、c 2 And c 3 Is an empirical parameter obtained by experimental fitting; q is air flow; Δp is the pressure difference between the outlet and inlet of the air compressor; η is the mechanical efficiency of the air compressor;
step 3, based on the hydrogen utilization rate eta fuel Defining the power generation efficiency eta of the ith electric pile subsystem fc,i The method comprises the following steps:
η fc,i ＝η stack,i η aux,i η fuel (3)
step 4, defining the overall efficiency eta of the multi-module fuel cell power generation system FCS As an efficiency optimization objective function, namely:
and 5, searching a feasible solution which enables the efficiency optimization objective function to be the maximum value by utilizing an efficiency optimization algorithm.
Further, the specific process of step 5 is as follows:
step 5.1, obtaining an upper boundary h and a lower boundary l of each dimension of the feasible region space according to the output power range of each electric pile subsystem:
wherein,maximum output power for the ith stack subsystem; />Minimum output power for the ith stack subsystem;
step 5.2, representing the solution search space by using a d multiplied by n matrix, and randomly generating an initial search matrix space P according to an upper boundary h and a lower boundary l of each dimension of the feasible region space:
the jth solution value of the ith cell stack subsystem in the initial search matrix space PThe method meets the following conditions:
wherein P is ac The total required power for the multi-module fuel cell power generation system;
step 5.3, making the initial iteration times k=0, and taking the initial search matrix space P as the current solution search space of the kth iteration;
step 5.4, in the kth iteration, calculating the overall efficiency eta corresponding to each row vector in the current solution search space according to the efficiency optimization objective function FCS Will eta FCS The row vector corresponding to the maximum value is used as the optimal working point of the system in the current solution search spaceWherein->The optimal solution of the ith electric pile subsystem in the kth iteration is obtained;
step 5.5, judging whether k reaches the preset maximum iteration number k max If yes, the termination threshold is reached, and the optimal working point of the system in the current solution search space is the optimal solution of the efficiency optimization objective function; otherwise, based onUpdating the current solution search space, specifically:
the 1 st solution value of the i-th pile subsystem in the k-th iterationThe updated formula of (2) is:
wherein b 1 As a control factor related to k,b 2 to move length b 3 Is the moving direction, both are [0,1]Random numbers in between;
the q-th, q=2, 3, of the i-th stack subsystem in the k-th iterationThe updated formula of (2) is:
and then complete the update of the current solution search space of the kth iteration, and all updated solutionsAnd->A current solution search space constituting the (k+1) th iteration;
step 5.6, let k=k+1, judge the jth solution value of the ith electric pile subsystem in the current solution search space of the kth iterationWhether or not in the output power range thereof, and the sum of n powers of each row vector is equal to the total required power P ac If the above conditions are met, the process returns to step 5.4; otherwise, the current solution search space is corrected, the corrected k-th iteration current solution search space is obtained, and the step is switched back to the step 5.4.
Further, the specific process of the correction in step 5.6 is as follows:
(a) If it isMake->If->Make->
(b) If the sum of n power of one row vector is larger than the total required power P ac The value of the nth power is reduced, and the minimum output power of the corresponding electric pile subsystem is obtained at the lowest; if the sum of the n power is still larger than the total required power P ac Then the value of the n-1 th power is reduced; and so on until the sum of the n power items is equal to the total required power P ac ；
(c) If the sum of n power of one row vector is smaller than the total required power P ac Then increaseThe value of the nth power is maximally obtained as the maximum output power of the corresponding electric pile subsystem; if the sum of the n power is still smaller than the total required power P ac Increasing the value of the n-1 th power; and so on until the sum of the n power items is equal to the total required power P ac ；
And further obtaining the corrected current solution search space of the kth iteration.
Further, n is a positive integer greater than 1.
Further, d is determined by the stack subsystem with the largest output power range among the n stack subsystems, so that the maximum output power range is deltaP max Then
Further, k max The range of the value of (2) is 800-1000.
Further, the judgment condition of step 5.5 is replaced with: judging the overall efficiency eta of the optimal working point of the system under the current solution search space FCS Whether or not a preset maximum target efficiency value eta is reached max If yes, the termination threshold is reached, and the first row vector of the current solution search space is the optimal solution of the efficiency optimization objective function; otherwise, based onThe current solution search space is updated.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides an operation efficiency optimization method of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system, which is characterized in that for the multi-module fuel cell power generation system adopting a parallel topological structure, the output power of each electric pile subsystem is dynamically adjusted in real time based on an efficiency optimization algorithm according to the total required power so as to meet the real-time requirement of the current load and the optimal efficiency curve of the multi-module fuel cell power generation system, thereby reducing the energy waste and the fuel cost, reducing the excessive loss of the electric pile subsystem and prolonging the service life of the electric pile subsystem; in addition, even if the pile subsystem in the multi-module fuel cell power generation system fails or needs maintenance, the system can still continue to operate, so that continuous power supply is ensured, and the reliability and stability of the system are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the galvanic pile subsystem according to embodiment 1 of the invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of an operation efficiency optimizing method of the multi-module fuel cell power generation system proposed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of operating efficiency of the galvanic pile subsystem according to embodiment 1 of the invention;
fig. 5 is a power scheduling graph of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a multi-module fuel cell power generation system formed by parallel topology of n electric pile subsystems (i.e. fuel cell modules), and further comprises a matched ac/dc load device and a central control system.
The pile subsystem consists of a hydrogen supply system, an air supply system and a thermal management system, and the structure is shown in figure 2. Hydrogen is released from the high-pressure hydrogen storage device and is conveyed to an anode region of the cell stack through a hydrogen supply pipeline, the hydrogen is subjected to oxidation reaction at the anode and is decomposed into protons and electrons, and the protons pass through an electrolyte membrane and enter a cathode region; air (oxygen-containing gas) is drawn in from the external environment and transported through the manifold to the cathode region of the stack where it undergoes a reduction reaction with protons and electrons to produce water; during this process, the thermal management system maintains the system operating in an optimal temperature interval by cooling or heating, etc.
Each pile subsystem of the multi-module fuel cell power generation system is connected to the direct current bus through a separate DC/DC converter, so that the separate current control and the matching of the output voltage of the system can be realized, and the functions of the DC/DC converter include: firstly, controlling the output voltage of all the electric pile subsystems to be stable on the bus voltage; and secondly, the output power of each electric pile subsystem is controlled, so that the energy management and distribution among multiple modules are realized, and the stability and reliability of the system are improved.
The AC/DC load equipment is connected to the DC bus through the DC/AC and DC/DC converters respectively, the central control system is responsible for collecting parameters and states of the equipment, corresponding control signals are obtained through a preset program according to a certain rule and a control method, and control instructions are calculated and issued to the equipment converters in real time, so that coordination, optimization and management of the multi-module fuel cell hybrid system are realized.
The multi-module parallel system structure can schedule the running state of each pile subsystem at any time so as to effectively match the total output power, and when one pile subsystem in the system fails or needs maintenance, other pile subsystems can continue to run normally so as to keep the whole running of the system unaffected. The redundancy improves the reliability and stability of the system, and is suitable for applications with high requirements on power supply stability.
For the above multi-module fuel cell power generation system, the present embodiment provides a method for optimizing the operation efficiency of the multi-module fuel cell power generation system, and the flow is shown in fig. 3, and includes the following steps:
step 1, for a multi-module fuel cell power generation system formed by parallel topology of n electric pile subsystems, collecting output voltages V of the ith electric pile subsystem, i=1, 2 and … in real time fc,i And current I fc,i Thereby obtaining the output power P of the ith electric pile subsystem fc,i ＝V fc,i ×I fc,i ,i＝1,2,...,n；
Definition of the operating efficiency η of the ith electric stack subsystem stack,i For output power P fc,i Energy value of hydrogen consumed by the sameRatio of (2), namely:
wherein DeltaH HV,i A high and low heating value for hydrogen of the ith stack subsystem; f is Faraday constant;regarding the reaction heat of the ith electric pile subsystem, if the value of the reaction heat is higher, the value of E is 1.48; if the value of the reaction heat is lower, the value of E is 1.25;
fig. 4 is a graph of operating efficiency for the 1 st, 2 nd and nth cell subsystems, with corresponding operating efficiency values at different powers due to different fuel cell performance and output power ranges for each cell subsystem.
Step 2, power consumption P based on air compressor air And power consumption P of radiator fan fan Calculating the auxiliary equipment efficiency eta of the ith electric pile subsystem aux,i I.e.
Wherein P is aux Power consumption for fuel cell system auxiliary equipment; d (D) fan The duty ratio of the cooling fan; c 1 、c 2 And c 3 Values 3260, 200 and 10 are taken for the empirical parameters obtained by experimental fitting, respectively; q is air flow; Δp is the pressure difference between the outlet and inlet of the air compressor; η is the mechanical efficiency of the air compressor and is obtained from a technical specification table of the air compressor.
Step 3, based on the hydrogen utilization rate eta fuel Defining the power generation efficiency eta of the ith electric pile subsystem fc,i The method comprises the following steps:
η fc,i ＝η stack,i η aux,i η fuel (3)
wherein the hydrogen is utilizedRate eta fuel The general value range is 99% -100%, and is calculated according to a fixed value.
Step 4, defining the overall efficiency eta of the multi-module fuel cell power generation system FCS As an efficiency optimization objective function, namely:
and 5, searching a feasible solution which enables the efficiency optimization objective function to be the maximum value by utilizing an efficiency optimization algorithm, wherein the specific process is as follows:
step 5.1, obtaining an upper boundary h and a lower boundary l of each dimension of the feasible region space according to the output power range of each electric pile subsystem:
wherein,maximum output power for the ith stack subsystem; />Minimum output power for the ith stack subsystem;
step 5.2, representing the solution search space by using a d multiplied by n matrix, and randomly generating an initial search matrix space P according to an upper boundary h and a lower boundary l of each dimension of the feasible region space:
the jth solution value of the ith cell stack subsystem in the initial search matrix space PThe method meets the following conditions:
wherein P is ac The total required power for the multi-module fuel cell power generation system;
step 5.3, making the initial iteration times k=0, and taking the initial search matrix space P as the current solution search space of the kth iteration;
step 5.4, in the kth iteration, calculating the overall efficiency eta corresponding to each row vector in the current solution search space according to the efficiency optimization objective function FCS Will eta FCS The row vector corresponding to the maximum value is used as the optimal working point of the system in the current solution search spaceWherein->The optimal solution of the ith electric pile subsystem in the kth iteration is obtained;
step 5.5, judging whether k reaches the preset maximum iteration number k max =1000, or the overall efficiency η of the system optimum operating point in the current solution search space FCS Whether or not a preset maximum target efficiency value eta is reached max If the two meet one of the two, the termination threshold is reached, and the optimal working point of the system in the current solution search space is the optimal solution of the efficiency optimization objective function; otherwise, based onUpdating the current solution search space, specifically:
the 1 st solution value of the i-th pile subsystem in the k-th iterationThe updated formula of (2) is:
wherein b 1 As a control factor related to k,e is a natural constant; b 2 To move length b 3 Is the moving direction, both are [0,1]Random numbers in between;
the q-th, q=2, 3, of the i-th stack subsystem in the k-th iterationThe updated formula of (2) is:
and then complete the update of the current solution search space of the kth iteration, and all updated solutionsAnd->A current solution search space constituting the (k+1) th iteration;
step 5.6, let k=k+1, judge the jth solution value of the ith electric pile subsystem in the current solution search space of the kth iterationWhether or not in the output power range thereof, and the sum of n powers of each row vector is equal to the total required power P ac If the above conditions are met, the process returns to step 5.4; otherwise, the current solution search space is corrected, and the specific process is as follows:
(a) If it isMake->If->Make->
(b) If the sum of n power of one row vector is larger than the total required power P ac The value of the nth power is reduced, and the minimum output power of the corresponding electric pile subsystem is obtained at the lowest; if the sum of the n power is still larger than the total required power P ac Then the value of the n-1 th power is reduced; and so on until the sum of the n power items is equal to the total required power P ac ；
(c) If the sum of n power of one row vector is smaller than the total required power P ac Increasing the value of the nth power, and maximally taking the maximum output power of the corresponding electric pile subsystem; if the sum of the n power is still smaller than the total required power P ac Increasing the value of the n-1 th power; and so on until the sum of the n power items is equal to the total required power P ac ；
And further obtaining the corrected current solution search space of the kth iteration, and turning back to the step 5.4.
During the whole process operation of the multi-module fuel cell power generation system, the power scheduling curve of the multi-module fuel cell power generation system is shown in fig. 5 by the operation efficiency optimization method provided by the embodiment, and each sub-module is calculated and scheduled to operate at an optimal efficiency point in real time according to the target power of the system, so that the overall operation efficiency of the system is maximized.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and advantages of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown, wherein the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific arrangements and instrumentalities shown, and wherein various other changes and combinations may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for optimizing the operating efficiency of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system, comprising the steps of:
step 1, for a multi-module fuel cell power generation system formed by parallel topology of n electric pile subsystems, collecting output voltage V of an ith electric pile subsystem in real time fc,i And current I fc,i Thereby obtaining the output power P of the ith electric pile subsystem fc,i ＝V fc,i ×I fc,i ,i＝1,2,...,n；
Definition of the operating efficiency η of the ith electric stack subsystem stack,i ：
Wherein DeltaH HV,i A high and low heating value for hydrogen of the ith stack subsystem; f is Faraday constant;
step 2, power consumption P based on air compressor air And power consumption P of radiator fan fan Calculating the auxiliary equipment efficiency eta of the ith electric pile subsystem aux,i ：
Wherein P is aux Power consumption for fuel cell system auxiliary equipment; d (D) fan The duty ratio of the cooling fan; c 1 、c 2 And c 3 Is an empirical parameter obtained by experimental fitting; q is air flow; Δp is the pressure difference between the outlet and inlet of the air compressor; η is the mechanical efficiency of the air compressor;
step 3, based on the hydrogen utilization rate eta fuel Defining the power generation efficiency eta of the ith electric pile subsystem fc,i The method comprises the following steps:
η fc,i ＝η stack,i η aux,i η fuel (3)
step 4, defining the overall efficiency eta of the multi-module fuel cell power generation system FCS As an efficiency optimization objective function, namely:
and 5, searching a feasible solution which enables the efficiency optimization objective function to be the maximum value by utilizing an efficiency optimization algorithm.
2. The method for optimizing the operating efficiency of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of step 5 is:
step 5.1, obtaining an upper boundary h and a lower boundary l of each dimension of the feasible region space according to the output power range of each electric pile subsystem:
wherein,maximum output power for the ith stack subsystem; />Minimum output power for the ith stack subsystem;
step 5.2, representing the solution search space by using a d multiplied by n matrix, and randomly generating an initial search matrix space P according to an upper boundary h and a lower boundary l of each dimension of the feasible region space:
the jth solution value of the ith cell stack subsystem in PThe method meets the following conditions:
wherein P is ac The total required power for the multi-module fuel cell power generation system;
step 5.3, making the initial iteration times k=0, and taking P as the current solution search space of the kth iteration;
step 5.4, in the kth iteration, calculating the overall efficiency eta corresponding to each row vector in the current solution search space according to the efficiency optimization objective function FCS Will eta FCS The row vector corresponding to the maximum value is used as the optimal working point of the system in the current solution search spaceWherein->The optimal solution of the ith electric pile subsystem in the kth iteration is obtained;
step 5.5, judging whether k reaches the preset maximum iteration number k max If yes, the termination threshold is reached, and the optimal working point of the system in the current solution search space is the optimal solution of the efficiency optimization objective function; otherwise, based onUpdating the current solution search space, specifically:
the 1 st solution value of the i-th pile subsystem in the k-th iterationThe updated formula of (2) is:
wherein b 1 As a control factor related to k,b 2 to move length b 3 Is the moving direction, both are [0,1]Random numbers in between;
the q-th, q=2, 3, of the i-th stack subsystem in the k-th iterationThe updated formula of (2) is:
and then complete the update of the current solution search space of the kth iteration, and all updated solutionsAnd->A current solution search space constituting the (k+1) th iteration;
step 5.6, let k=k+1, judge the jth solution value of the ith electric pile subsystem in the current solution search space of the kth iterationWhether or not in the output power range thereof, and the sum of n powers of each row vector is equal to the total required power P ac If the above conditions are met, the process returns to step 5.4; otherwise, the current solution search space is corrected, the corrected k-th iteration current solution search space is obtained, and the step is switched back to the step 5.4.
3. The method for optimizing the operating efficiency of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the specific procedure of the correction in step 5.6 is:
(a) If it isMake->If->Make->
(b) If the sum of n power of one row vector is larger than the total required power P ac The value of the nth power is reduced, and the minimum output power of the corresponding electric pile subsystem is obtained at the lowest; if the sum of the n power is still larger than the total required power P ac Then the value of the n-1 th power is reduced; and so on until the sum of the n power items is equal to the total required power P ac ；
(c) If the sum of n power of one row vector is smaller than the total required power P ac Increasing the value of the nth power, and maximally taking the maximum output power of the corresponding electric pile subsystem; if the sum of the n power is still smaller than the total required power P ac Increasing the value of the n-1 th power; and so on until the sum of the n power items is equal to the total required power P ac ；
And further obtaining the corrected current solution search space of the kth iteration.
4. The method for optimizing the operating efficiency of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the value of d is determined by the stack subsystem having the largest output power range among the n stack subsystems, such that the maximum output power range is Δp max Then
5. The method for optimizing the operating efficiency of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system according to claim 2, wherein k is max The range of the value of (2) is 800-1000.
6. The method for optimizing the operating efficiency of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system according to claim 2, wherein the judgment condition of step 5.5 is replaced with: judging the overall efficiency eta of the optimal working point of the system under the current solution search space FCS Whether or not a preset maximum target efficiency value eta is reached max If yes, the termination threshold is reached, and the first row vector of the current solution search space is the optimal solution of the efficiency optimization objective function; otherwise, based onThe current solution search space is updated.
7. The method for optimizing the operating efficiency of a multi-module fuel cell power generation system of claim 1 wherein n is a positive integer greater than 1.
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