CN117352070B - Method for evaluating explosion results of flammable and explosive compressed gas cylinder - Google Patents
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- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flammable and explosive compressed gas cylinder explosion result evaluation method, which comprises the steps of firstly acquiring related parameters of a gas cylinder and internal gas state data before explosion, calculating the explosion energy of the gas cylinder, then calculating the dimensionless distance between a target position and the explosion center of the gas cylinder, obtaining dimensionless shock wave overpressure of the target position through a Baker-Tang explosion curve graph, further obtaining actual shock wave overpressure of the target position, and finally evaluating the result of the gas cylinder explosion in the target position according to the actual shock wave overpressure of the target position. Compared with the prior art, the method quantitatively counts the strengthening effect of the chemical reaction energy of gas combustion on the shock wave when the gas cylinder explodes, so that the calculated gas cylinder explosion shock wave overpressure is more accurate, and the estimated gas cylinder explosion result is more reliable and effective.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gas cylinder explosion result prediction, in particular to a flammable and explosive compressed gas cylinder explosion result evaluation method.
Background
The gas cylinder is widely used for storing and transporting flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen, liquefied petroleum gas and the like, the pressure of the internal gas is higher in the service process of the gas cylinder, physical explosion can be caused due to the reasons such as external mechanical damage, local corrosion, internal overpressure, natural disasters and the like, shock waves can be generated to form damage and destruction effects on the surrounding environment, and due to the flammable and explosive characteristics of a bearing medium, high-pressure gas expanding in the physical explosion and the section of the gas cylinder are severely rubbed and ignited under certain conditions, one part of chemical energy released by ignition can strengthen the shock waves, and the other part of chemical energy is used for forming fireballs to generate heat radiation and the like.
The explosion process of the gas cylinder relates to the release of internal gas compression energy and the superposition of chemical reaction energy with gas ignition, and the calculation of specific chemical reaction energy and how to consider the strengthening effect of the specific chemical reaction energy on shock waves are lack of effective basis, so that when the existing explosion result evaluation methods such as TNT equivalent method, baker-Tang explosion curve method and the like are applied to the flammable and explosive gas cylinder, only the gas compression energy in the gas cylinder is counted, but the strengthening effect of the chemical energy released by gas ignition on the shock waves cannot be reasonably considered, and the predicted overpressure of the shock waves is inaccurate, so that the reliability and the effectiveness of the gas cylinder explosion result evaluation are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the prior explosion result evaluation method is inaccurate in the predicted overpressure of shock waves when the gas cylinder is physically exploded, the invention provides the gas cylinder explosion result evaluation method which reasonably considers the gas ignition chemical reaction energy, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
A method for evaluating the explosion consequences of a flammable and explosive compressed gas cylinder, the method comprising the steps of:
Step one: acquiring related parameters of the gas cylinder before explosion and internal gas state data, wherein the related parameters comprise the volume V of the gas cylinder, the type of the gas in the gas cylinder, the adiabatic index gamma, the heat value q and the molar mass M of the internal gas, the internal gas pressure P 1 before explosion of the gas cylinder, the internal temperature T and the local atmospheric pressure P 0 of the gas cylinder;
Step two: calculating the explosion energy E of the gas cylinder according to the following formula
Wherein R is an ideal gas constant, and has a value of 8.314J/(mol.K); k 1、K2 is taken according to the following principle:
K 1 is a coefficient for quantifying the reflection strengthening effect of the bottom surface where the gas cylinder is located on the shock wave: if the cylinder explosion occurs on a smooth hard surface, K 1 =2; if the gas cylinder explosion occurs on the common ground, K 1 =1.8; if the explosion of the gas cylinder is suspended or the condition that the bottom surface does not have the reflected shock wave exists when the gas cylinder is exploded, K 1 =1;
K 2 is a coefficient quantifying the reinforcing effect of gas chemical reaction energy on the shock wave: if the gas is not ignited when the cylinder explodes, K 2 =0; if the gas is ignited and occurs in the open space when the gas cylinder explodes, K 2 suggests a value of 5%; if the gas is ignited when the gas cylinder explodes and a certain obstacle exists above the gas cylinder, the larger the obstacle or the stronger the disturbance effect on the flow field of the explosion, the larger the K 2 is, the more 15% is the value range K 2 is less than or equal to 15%;
Step three: the dimensionless distance R n of the target position from the cylinder explosion center is calculated according to the following formula:
Wherein R d is the distance from the target position to the explosion center of the gas cylinder.
Step four: calculating the ratio P 1/P0 of the internal gas pressure P 1 before the explosion of the gas cylinder and the local atmospheric pressure P 0 where the gas cylinder is positioned, selecting a corresponding dimensionless overpressure-dimensionless distance curve from a Baker-Tang explosion curve, and searching or interpolating to calculate the dimensionless shock wave overpressure P n of the target position;
Step five: the actual shockwave overpressure P of the target location is calculated according to the following formula:
P＝P0(Pn+1)
Step six: the consequences of the formation of a cylinder explosion at the target location are evaluated from the actual shockwave overpressure P at the target location.
Further, the Baker-Tang explosion curve graph is derived from ：Center for Chemical Process Safety,Guidelines for Vapor Cloud Explosion,Pressure Vessel Burst,BLEVE,and Flash Fire Hazards,Second Edition[M].New York：Wiley,2010：263.
Further, in the step six, the result of the formation of the gas cylinder explosion at the target position is evaluated by referring to the explosion shock wave overpressure injury damage criterion.
Further, when the internal temperature T of the gas cylinder before explosion is not easy to determine, the ambient temperature of the gas cylinder is replaced.
Further, in the fourth step, if the curve corresponding to the calculated value of P 1/P0 is not completely found in the Baker-Tang explosion graph, the dimensionless shock wave overpressure P n of the target location is calculated by searching two dimensionless overpressure-dimensionless distance curves adjacent to the calculated value of P 1/P0, and then the dimensionless shock wave overpressure P n corresponding to the calculated value of P 1/P0 at the target location is obtained by linear interpolation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
Compared with the existing method, the method has the advantages that the strengthening effect of the gas chemical reaction energy on the shock wave is reasonably quantified when the gas cylinder explodes, the calculated gas cylinder explosion shock wave overpressure is more accurate, and the estimated gas cylinder explosion result is more reliable and effective.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the explosion consequences of a flammable and explosive compressed gas cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a Baker-Tang explosion plot.
Detailed Description
The objects and effects of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not limiting thereof.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for evaluating the explosion result of the flammable and explosive compressed gas cylinder according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. Acquiring gas cylinder before explosion and internal gas state data
Inquiring the design or supply data of the gas cylinder to determine the volume V; determining the type of gas in the gas cylinder, and inquiring and determining the adiabatic index gamma, the heat value q (the energy released by the combustion of the gas in unit mass) and the molar mass M of the gas in the gas cylinder; checking the operation record data of the gas cylinder, and determining the internal gas pressure P 1 and the internal temperature T before explosion of the gas cylinder, wherein the environment temperature of the gas cylinder can be taken when the temperature is not easy to determine; the query determines the local atmospheric pressure P 0 at which the cylinder is located, which in most cases is 1X 10 5 Pa.
2. Calculating the explosion energy of the gas cylinder
The energy of shock wave generated by the explosion of the gas cylinder is derived from the gas compression energy in the gas cylinder and the chemical energy released by the combustion of part of the gas, and the explosion energy E of the gas cylinder is calculated by adopting the following formula:
Wherein R is an ideal gas constant, and has a value of 8.314J/(mol.K); k 1、K2 is a coefficient, and the value is taken according to the following principle:
K 1 is a coefficient for quantifying the reflection strengthening effect of the bottom surface where the gas cylinder is located on the shock wave: if the cylinder explosion occurs on a smooth hard surface, K 1 =2; if the gas cylinder explosion occurs on the common ground, K 1 =1.8; if the explosion of the gas cylinder is suspended or the condition that the bottom surface does not have the reflected shock wave exists when the gas cylinder is exploded, K 1 =1;
K 2 is a coefficient quantifying the reinforcing effect of gas chemical reaction energy on the shock wave: if the gas is not ignited when the cylinder explodes, K 2 =0; if the gas is ignited and occurs in the open space when the gas cylinder explodes, K 2 suggests a value of 5%; if the gas is ignited when the gas cylinder explodes and a certain obstacle exists above the gas cylinder, according to the size of the obstacle and the disturbance strength of the obstacle to an explosion flow field, an expert increases the value of K 2 according to experience, and generally the larger the obstacle or the stronger the disturbance effect of the convection field is, the larger the value of K 2 is, and the recommended value range is 5% < K 2 less than or equal to 15%.
3. Calculating the shock wave overpressure of a cylinder explosion at a target location
According to the explosion energy E calculated in the step2 and the ratio of the explosion pressure P 1 of the gas cylinder to the ambient pressure P 0, a Baker-Tang explosion curve method (a source ：Center for Chemical Process Safety,Guidelines for Vapor Cloud Explosion,Pressure Vessel Burst,BLEVE,and Flash Fire Hazards,Second Edition[M].New York：Wiley,2010：263) is adopted to calculate the shock wave overpressure P generated by the explosion of the gas cylinder at a target position (which is R d away from the center of the gas cylinder), and the specific steps are as follows:
① Calculating a dimensionless distance R n of the target position from the explosion center of the gas cylinder:
② Selecting a corresponding dimensionless overpressure-dimensionless distance curve from a Baker-Tang curve graph (shown in figure 2) according to the P 1/P0 value, and calculating P n corresponding to R n; if the curve which completely corresponds to the calculated value of P 1/P0 in the Baker-Tang explosion curve is not obtained, searching the corresponding P n according to the calculated dimensionless distance R n by searching two dimensionless overpressure-dimensionless distance curves adjacent to the calculated value of P 1/P0, and obtaining the dimensionless shock wave overpressure P n which corresponds to the calculated value of P 1/P0 at the target position through linear interpolation calculation. The ordinate P-P 0/P0 in FIG. 2 is P n.
③ According to the dimensionless shock wave overpressure P n of the target position obtained by R n in the Baker-Tang graph, calculating the actual shock wave overpressure P of the target position:
P＝P0(Pn+1)
4. Assessing the consequences of cylinder explosion formation at a target location
And (3) evaluating the consequences (damage to people or buildings) formed by the explosion of the gas cylinder at the target position according to the overpressure of the shock wave at the target position calculated in the step (3) by using an explosion shock wave overpressure damage criterion. The failure criteria sources employed in this embodiment are: bi Mingshu, yang Guogang engineering for gas and dust explosion control [ M ]: chemical industry press 2012:21. specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 destructive action of blast overpressure on buildings and personnel
Implementation example:
when a certain hydrogen cylinder is physically exploded in an open space, the released high-pressure hydrogen is instantaneously ignited, and the chemical energy released by the combustion of the hydrogen strengthens the shock wave. According to the technical scheme, the method comprises the steps of predicting the explosion overpressure and the explosion consequences of the gas cylinder and comparing the explosion overpressure and the explosion consequences with test data:
1. Acquiring gas cylinder before explosion and internal gas state data
The cylinder volume v=165L; the inside of the gas cylinder is filled with hydrogen, the adiabatic index gamma=1.41, the heat value q=1.4X10 5 J/g and the molar mass M=2 g/mol; the internal gas pressure before explosion of the gas cylinder P 1 = 35MPa; the internal temperature is not easy to determine, so that the ambient temperature T=298K of the gas taking bottle is located; atmospheric pressure P 0＝1×105 Pa.
2. Calculating the explosion energy of the gas cylinder
The explosion of the gas cylinder occurs on the common ground, K 1 =1.8; when the gas cylinder explodes, the gas is ignited and occurs in the open space, K 2 =0.05. Substituting the parameters into the following parameters to calculate the explosion energy E of the gas cylinder:
3. calculating the shock wave overpressure of a cylinder explosion at a target location
And P 1/P0 = 350, and selecting a corresponding curve in the Baker-Tang curve graph, and calculating according to dimensionless shock wave overpressure linear interpolation calculated by adjacent curves. Distance R d =5m of the target position from the cylinder explosion center, calculating the dimensionless distance:
according to R n =0.6, the dimensionless shockwave overpressure P n1＝0.65,Pn2 =0.8 of the target position is searched in the Baker-Tang graph with P 1/P0 =200 and P 1/P0 =500 respectively, the dimensionless shockwave overpressure P n =0.725 of the target position is calculated through linear interpolation, and then the actual shockwave overpressure p=p 0(Pn +1) =172.5 kPa of the target position is calculated.
The actual explosion overpressure of the gas cylinder is 186.4kPa, and the error between the shock wave overpressure predicted according to the technical scheme of the invention and the actual overpressure of the test is 7.46 percent, so that the prediction effect is good.
4. Assessing the consequences of cylinder explosion formation at a target location
The blast overpressure of the target position calculated according to the step 3 is obtained by the blast overpressure damage criterion, and the explosion of the gas cylinder can lead to complete destruction of reinforced concrete buildings, multi-layer brick buildings, few-layer brick buildings and wood buildings at 5m, so that personnel are subjected to fatal damage.
Comparative example
If the strengthening effect of the chemical energy released by the ignition of the gas on the overpressure of the shock wave is not considered, i.e. K 1＝1.8,K2 =0, the cylinder explosion energy E can be calculated by the following formula:
when the distance R=5m between the target position and the explosion center of the gas cylinder, the dimensionless distance R n =0.8. And (3) searching the dimensionless shock wave overpressure P n1＝0.45,Pn2 =0.56 of the target position on corresponding curves of P 1/P0 =200 and P 1/P0 =500 in the Baker-Tang graph, calculating the dimensionless shock wave overpressure P n =0.5 of the target position through linear interpolation, and further calculating the actual shock wave overpressure P=P 0(Pn +1) =150 kPa of the target position, wherein the error between the actual shock wave overpressure P=p 0(Pn +1 and the actual overpressure in the test is 19.53%. Obviously, if the strengthening effect of the chemical reaction energy of the gas combustion on the shock wave is ignored, the overpressure predicted value of the shock wave is too small to accurately and reliably evaluate the explosion result of the gas cylinder.
Therefore, compared with the existing method, the method provided by the invention quantifies the strengthening effect of the chemical reaction energy of gas combustion on the shock wave when the gas cylinder explodes, so that the calculated gas cylinder explosion shock wave overpressure is more accurate, and the estimated gas cylinder explosion result is more reliable and effective.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the foregoing description is a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, but rather to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described, and that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, for the purposes of those skilled in the art. Modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The method for evaluating the explosion result of the flammable and explosive compressed gas cylinder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step one: acquiring related parameters of the gas cylinder before explosion and internal gas state data, wherein the related parameters comprise the volume V of the gas cylinder, the type of the gas in the gas cylinder, the adiabatic index gamma, the heat value q and the molar mass M of the internal gas, the internal gas pressure P 1 before explosion of the gas cylinder, the internal temperature T and the local atmospheric pressure P 0 of the gas cylinder;
Step two: calculating the explosion energy E of the gas cylinder according to the following formula
Wherein R is an ideal gas constant, and has a value of 8.314J/(mol.K); k 1、K2 is taken according to the following principle:
K 1 is a coefficient for quantifying the reflection strengthening effect of the bottom surface where the gas cylinder is located on the shock wave: if the cylinder explosion occurs on a smooth hard surface, K 1 =2; if the gas cylinder explosion occurs on the common ground, K 1 =1.8; if the explosion of the gas cylinder is suspended or the condition that the bottom surface does not have the reflected shock wave exists when the gas cylinder is exploded, K 1 =1;
K 2 is a coefficient quantifying the reinforcing effect of gas chemical reaction energy on the shock wave: if the gas is not ignited when the cylinder explodes, K 2 =0; if the gas is ignited when the gas cylinder explodes and occurs in the open space, K 2 =5%; if the gas is ignited when the gas cylinder explodes and a certain obstacle exists above the gas cylinder, according to the size of the obstacle and the disturbance strength of the obstacle to an explosion flow field, the larger the obstacle or the stronger the disturbance effect of the convection field, the larger the K 2 is, and the range of the K 2 is less than or equal to 15%;
Step three: the dimensionless distance R n of the target position from the cylinder explosion center is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein R d is the distance from the target position to the explosion center of the gas cylinder;
Step four: calculating the ratio P 1/P0 of the internal gas pressure P 1 before the explosion of the gas cylinder and the local atmospheric pressure P 0 of the gas cylinder, selecting a corresponding dimensionless overpressure-dimensionless distance curve from a Baker-Tang explosion curve, and searching the dimensionless shock wave overpressure P n of the calculated target position: if the curve completely corresponding to the calculated value of P 1/P0 in the Baker-Tang explosion curve graph is not obtained, calculating the dimensionless shock wave overpressure P n of the target position by searching two dimensionless overpressure-dimensionless distance curves adjacent to the calculated value of P 1/P0; then obtaining dimensionless shock wave overpressure P n corresponding to the calculated value of P 1/P0 at the target position through linear interpolation calculation;
Step five: the actual shockwave overpressure P of the target location is calculated according to the following formula:
P＝P0(Pn+1)
Step six: and according to the actual shock wave overpressure P of the target position, evaluating the result of the formation of the gas cylinder explosion at the target position by referring to the explosion shock wave overpressure injury and damage criterion.
2. The method for evaluating the explosion consequences of a flammable and explosive compressed gas cylinder according to claim 1, wherein the ambient temperature at which the gas cylinder is located is replaced when the internal temperature T of the gas cylinder before explosion is not easily determined.
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| CN112784391A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Explosion safety risk assessment method and system |
| CN113139285A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-07-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Pipeline physical explosion shock wave overpressure calculation method considering directionality |
| CN115221814A (en) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for predicting chemical explosion shock wave intensity of hydrogen pipeline |
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