CN117351165A - Construction and calculation method of three-dimensional stratum model based on ArcGIS - Google Patents
Construction and calculation method of three-dimensional stratum model based on ArcGIS Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction and calculation method of a three-dimensional stratum model based on ArcGIS, which utilizes ArcGIS software to convert drilling data in a two-dimensional form into vector point element types, wherein stratum layering information is recorded in an attribute field form, the space sequence of stratum in a generalized research area is utilized, a proper interpolation algorithm is selected from the surface elevation, the bottom elevation grid data of each stratum is calculated layer by layer, then the bottom elevation information of adjacent stratum is checked layer by layer from the surface to the top, abnormal values are processed, the corrected stratum elevation grid data is sequentially converted into a TIN data set, three-dimensional polyhedron data of each stratum is generated by matching with the vector data in the research area, the three-dimensional modeling efficiency and the three-dimensional modeling precision are remarkably improved, the modeling cost is reduced, and the three-dimensional stratum model has better function expansibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological three-dimensional modeling, in particular to a three-dimensional stratum model construction and calculation method based on ArcGIS.
Background
In the field of geological exploration, particularly the exploration of shallow formations, it is often necessary to grasp the spatial distribution of the formations and evaluate the volume of a particular formation in order to complete the feasibility study and construction design of engineering projects. For a long time, two methods for solving the above-mentioned needs exist in the industry, one is to interpolate the point-like information of the top and bottom space positions of the stratum revealed by drilling in the research area into planar information, and calculate the volume by evaluating the average distance between two planar elements, the method is simple and easy to use, but the measuring and calculating precision is low, and the visual result is difficult to form; the other is to use professional geological modeling or mapping software, such as GOCAD and Petrel, and the personnel of the professional software has high learning cost, long modeling time, higher requirement on the data precision of exploration data and large engineering quantity of geological exploration. ArcGIS software is used as professional software in the field of mapping geographic information, and is generally applied to mapping data processing above the ground surface.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for constructing and measuring a three-dimensional stratum model based on ArcGIS.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a construction and calculation method of a three-dimensional stratum model based on ArcGIS comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting and arranging stratum layering information reflected in drilling data of a research area for constructing a three-dimensional stratum model, and recording bottom surface elevation data information layer by layer in a form from top to bottom according to a vertical space;
step 2, converting X, Y coordinate data in the data table obtained in the step 1 into vector point element class data with a spatial position attribute through a creating event layer tool 'makeXyeventLayer' of ArcGIS software, and synchronously transmitting layering information in the data table and Z coordinate data of the stratum bottom surface elevation in a borehole;
step 3, based on the vector point element data obtained in the step 2, using ArcGIS software exploratory interpolation 'exporator internationation' tools layer by layer to obtain interpolation results of each layer by adopting a plurality of interpolation methods and cross verification results corresponding to the interpolation results, and selecting the interpolation method with the highest cross verification result 'prediction precision' value as the interpolation method used by the layer by taking 'prediction precision' as an evaluation index;
step 4, selecting interpolation tools corresponding to ArcGIS software layer by layer according to the interpolation method selected in the step 3 respectively in each layer ， Taking the research area as a control range of output raster data, and obtaining elevation raster data of the bottom of each stratum by interpolation operation;
step 5, processing abnormal pixel values layer by using a 'condition function' tool in a platform map algebraic function of ArcGIS software from bottom surface elevation raster data of the first layer according to the spatial distribution sequence of geological survey data of the stratum from top to bottom in the vertical direction;
step 6, converting the stratum bottom elevation raster data corrected in the step 5 into a TIN data set, namely triangular irregular curved surface data, by adopting an ArcGIS software raster-to-TIN (RasterTin) tool;
step 7, selecting top and bottom TIN data sets layer by layer according to the spatial distribution sequence of the stratum exploration data from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and using ArcGIS software to stretch (extrudeBetveen) tools between the two TINs ， Converting it into polyhedral three-dimensional vector data (MultiPatch), i.e., a three-dimensional formation model;
step 8, calculating the volume layer by using a surface difference (ArcGIS) software tool by utilizing top and bottom TIN data sets corresponding to each layer; and (3) adding the obtained volume value of each layer into the attribute of the corresponding layer polyhedron data in the three-dimensional stratum model generated in the step (7) to obtain the three-dimensional stratum model containing volume attribute information.
In step 2, the vector point element data is a data type of ArcGIS software for recording the position and attribute information of the spatial point in two-dimensional or three-dimensional coordinate information independently.
Further, the step 3 uses a plurality of interpolation methods layer by layer, including: a simple kriging method, a common kriging method, a Pankriging method, an empirical Bayesian kriging method, a local polynomial kernel interpolation method, an inverse distance weighting method, a radial basis function interpolation method and a global polynomial interpolation method; each layer adopts the cross verification results obtained by the different interpolation methods, takes the prediction precision as an evaluation index, and selects the interpolation method with the highest prediction precision value as the interpolation method used by the layer.
Further, the step 5 processes the abnormal pixel value, which comprises the following specific steps: setting a discrimination condition that the bottom surface elevation value of the low-order stratum is larger than the bottom surface elevation value of the high-order stratum by taking the bottom surface elevation grid of the low-order stratum as data to be modified, and modifying the pixel value meeting the condition into the bottom surface elevation value of the high-order stratum at the same position.
Further, in step 8, arcGIS software is used to "in both TINsThe tool can fill polyhedral data between curved surfaces represented by two TINs, namely, two-dimensional to three-dimensional conversion is realized, and ArcGIS software is used for surface difference ” The tool may calculate the displacement between the two surfaces to determine where the surfaces are or are the same, and may obtain the volume of the formation contained between the two surfaces.
The method has the beneficial effects that the method selects a proper interpolation mode to finish the conversion of data information from 'point' to 'surface' according to the data characteristics of each stratum in the geological exploration drilling information, thereby improving the accuracy of three-dimensional model and volume evaluation. The technical effect comes from the step 3 of the technical scheme of the invention, and a 'exploratory interpolation' tool is used, so that a plurality of mainstream interpolation algorithms can be simultaneously used, including: the method comprises the steps of performing interpolation operation by a simple kriging method, a common kriging method, a Pankriging method, an empirical Bayesian kriging method, a local polynomial kernel interpolation method, an inverse distance weighting method, a radial basis function interpolation method and a global polynomial interpolation method, performing cross-validation on interpolation results, sequencing various interpolation effects under the condition of highest prediction precision, selecting an optimal interpolation method corresponding to current data, and remarkably improving the precision of three-dimensional modeling.
By utilizing various automation technologies of the ArcGIS platform, the three-dimensional stratum model can be automatically constructed by adopting the method, and the model tuning efficiency is greatly improved. The method has the advantages that the whole technical method is constructed on the ArcGIS platform, the used tools, methods and flow control can adopt secondary development means supported by a model builder, an ArcPy site package or other platforms, so that the scripting of the technical flow is realized, and the three-dimensional modeling efficiency is improved.
The three-dimensional stratum model constructed by the invention adopts a universal data format, namely a polyhedral (multi-patch) data format, and the advantages come from step 7, namely polyhedral data of each stratum generated based on the TIN data set. Multipatch is a data format for storing three-dimensional geometric objects, is mainly used for building modeling, can support rendering material and texture information and also support attribute data, such as volume attributes adopted in the invention, is a data format which is convenient for space analysis and can realize complex visualization effects, and can greatly improve the function expansibility of three-dimensional stratum model construction. The invention can obviously improve the efficiency and the precision of three-dimensional stratum modeling, reduce the modeling cost and have better function expansibility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the implementation of step 1 in the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of step 2 in the implementation of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of step 4 in the implementation of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the implementation of step 8 in the implementation process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a method for constructing and measuring a three-dimensional stratum model based on ArcGIS includes the following steps:
step 1, as shown in fig. 1, collecting and sorting stratum layering information reflected in drilling data of a research area for constructing a three-dimensional stratum model, and recording bottom surface elevation data information layer by layer in a table form from top to bottom according to a vertical space.
Step 2, converting X, Y coordinate data in the data table obtained in the step 1 into vector point element class data with a spatial position attribute through a creating event layer tool 'makeXyeventLayer' of ArcGIS software, and synchronously transmitting layering information in the data table and Z coordinate data of the stratum bottom surface elevation in a borehole; as shown in the vector point element class and the borehole line element class data schematic diagram in fig. 2, the vertical line in fig. 2 is the projection of the borehole in the vertical direction, and the point symbols of different patterns represent the bottom surface positions of different strata in the borehole.
And 3, based on the vector point element data obtained in the step 2, using an ArcGIS software exploratory interpolation 'exporator internationation' tool layer by layer to obtain interpolation results of each layer by adopting a plurality of interpolation methods and cross verification results corresponding to the interpolation results, and selecting the interpolation method with the highest value of the cross verification results 'prediction precision' as the interpolation method used by the layer by taking the 'prediction precision' as an evaluation index.
Step 4, selecting interpolation tools corresponding to ArcGIS software layer by layer according to the interpolation method selected in the step 3 respectively in each layer ， Taking the research area as a control range of output raster data, and obtaining elevation raster data of the bottom of each stratum by interpolation operation; as shown in fig. 3, which is a schematic view of the elevation grid of the bottom surface of the formation, there are A, B, C, D areas of investigation in fig. 3.
Step 5, processing abnormal pixel values layer by using a 'condition function' tool in a platform map algebraic function of ArcGIS software from bottom surface elevation raster data of the first layer according to the spatial distribution sequence of geological survey data of the stratum from top to bottom in the vertical direction; the method comprises the specific steps of taking a bottom surface elevation grid of a low-level stratum as data to be modified, setting a discrimination condition that the bottom surface elevation value of the low-level stratum is larger than that of the high-level stratum, and modifying pixel values meeting the condition into the bottom surface elevation values of the high-level stratum at the same position.
And 6, converting the stratum bottom elevation grid data corrected in the step 5 into a TIN data set, namely triangular irregular curved surface data, by adopting an ArcGIS software grid-to-TIN (RasterTin) tool.
Step 7, selecting top and bottom TIN data sets layer by layer according to the spatial distribution sequence of the stratum exploration data from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and using ArcGIS software to stretch (extrudeBetveen) tools between the two TINs ， It is converted into polyhedral three-dimensional vector data (MultiPatch), i.e., a three-dimensional formation model.
Step 8, as shown in fig. 4, calculating the volume layer by using a surface difference (ArcGIS) software tool by using top and bottom TIN datasets corresponding to each layer; and (3) adding the obtained volume value of each layer to the attribute of the corresponding layer polyhedron data in the three-dimensional stratum model generated in the step (7) to obtain the three-dimensional stratum model containing the volume attribute information, namely the three-dimensional stratum model and stratum volume marking data thereof shown in fig. 4.
In the step 2, the vector point element data is a data type of recording the position and attribute information of the spatial point in two-dimensional or three-dimensional coordinate information independently in ArcGIS software.
The step 3 uses a plurality of interpolation methods layer by layer, including: a simple kriging method, a common kriging method, a Pankriging method, an empirical Bayesian kriging method, a local polynomial kernel interpolation method, an inverse distance weighting method, a radial basis function interpolation method and a global polynomial interpolation method; each layer adopts the cross verification results obtained by the different interpolation methods, takes the prediction precision as an evaluation index, and selects the interpolation method with the highest prediction precision value as the interpolation method used by the layer.
In the step 8, the polyhedron data can be filled between the curved surfaces represented by the two TINs by using ArcGIS software ' stretching between the two TINs ' tool, i.e. two-dimensional to three-dimensional conversion is realized, and ArcGIS software ' surface difference (surface difference) is used ” The tool may calculate the displacement between the two surfaces to determine where the surfaces are or are the same, and may obtain the volume of the formation contained between the two surfaces.
Claims (5)
1. The construction and calculation method of the three-dimensional stratum model based on the ArcGIS is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting and arranging stratum layering information reflected in drilling data of a research area for constructing a three-dimensional stratum model, and recording bottom surface elevation data information layer by layer in a form from top to bottom according to a vertical space;
step 2, converting X, Y coordinate data in the data table obtained in the step 1 into vector point element class data with a spatial position attribute through a creating event layer tool 'makeXyeventLayer' of ArcGIS software, and synchronously transmitting layering information in the data table and Z coordinate data of the stratum bottom surface elevation in a borehole;
step 3, based on the vector point element data obtained in the step 2, using ArcGIS software exploratory interpolation 'exporator internationation' tools layer by layer to obtain interpolation results of each layer by adopting a plurality of interpolation methods and cross verification results corresponding to the interpolation results, and selecting the interpolation method with the highest cross verification result 'prediction precision' value as the interpolation method used by the layer by taking 'prediction precision' as an evaluation index;
step 4, selecting interpolation tools corresponding to ArcGIS software layer by layer according to the interpolation method selected in the step 3 respectively in each layer ， Taking the research area as a control range of output raster data, and obtaining elevation raster data of the bottom of each stratum by interpolation operation;
step 5, processing abnormal pixel values layer by using a 'condition function' tool in a platform map algebraic function of ArcGIS software from bottom surface elevation raster data of the first layer according to the spatial distribution sequence of geological survey data of the stratum from top to bottom in the vertical direction;
step 6, converting the stratum bottom elevation raster data corrected in the step 5 into a TIN data set, namely triangular irregular curved surface data, by adopting an ArcGIS software raster-to-TIN (RasterTin) tool;
step 7, selecting top and bottom TIN data sets layer by layer according to the spatial distribution sequence of the stratum exploration data from top to bottom in the vertical direction, and using ArcGIS software to stretch (extrudeBetveen) tools between the two TINs ， Converting it into polyhedral three-dimensional vector data (MultiPatch), i.e., a three-dimensional formation model;
step 8, calculating the volume layer by using a surface difference (ArcGIS) software tool by utilizing top and bottom TIN data sets corresponding to each layer; and (3) adding the obtained volume value of each layer into the attribute of the corresponding layer polyhedron data in the three-dimensional stratum model generated in the step (7) to obtain the three-dimensional stratum model containing volume attribute information.
2. The method for constructing and calculating a three-dimensional stratum model based on ArcGIS according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the vector point element class data is a data type of ArcGIS software for recording spatial point position and attribute information independently in two-dimensional or three-dimensional coordinate information.
3. The method for constructing and calculating the ArcGIS-based three-dimensional stratum model according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 uses a plurality of interpolation methods layer by layer, including a simple kriging method, a common kriging method, a pankriging method, an empirical bayesian kriging method, a local polynomial kernel interpolation method, an inverse distance weight method, a radial basis function interpolation method, and a global polynomial interpolation method; each layer adopts the cross verification results obtained by the different interpolation methods, takes the prediction precision as an evaluation index, and selects the interpolation method with the highest prediction precision value as the interpolation method used by the layer.
4. The method for constructing and calculating the ArcGIS-based three-dimensional stratum model according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 processes "abnormal pixel values", and comprises the following specific steps: setting a discrimination condition that the bottom surface elevation value of the low-order stratum is larger than the bottom surface elevation value of the high-order stratum by taking the bottom surface elevation grid of the low-order stratum as data to be modified, and modifying the pixel value meeting the condition into the bottom surface elevation value of the high-order stratum at the same position.
5. The method for constructing and calculating a three-dimensional stratum model based on ArcGIS according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8, the ArcGIS software is used to "stretch between two TINs (extradoBetveen)" to fill polyhedral data between curved surfaces represented by the two TINs, i.e. two-dimensional to three-dimensional conversion is realized, and the ArcGIS software is used to "surface difference (surface difference) ” The tool may calculate the displacement between the two surfaces to determine where the surfaces are or are the same, and may obtain the volume of the formation contained between the two surfaces.
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| CN117541741B (en) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-03-19 | 自然资源部第三地理信息制图院 | Construction method of three-dimensional model of geologic body and electronic equipment |
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