CN110942510A - Three-dimensional rapid combination method for planar geological map - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a three-dimensional rapid combination method of a plane geological map, which defines the standard of a geological map information base; processing the original information of the picture is realized; realizing the quick loading and combination of the plane drawing; adding an interactive operation; and the engineering management is realized. The invention has the advantages that through research, a three-dimensional visual technology is utilized to establish a three-dimensional combination software platform of a map for exploring geological results, and geological data such as well position coordinates, horizon depth and the like are utilized to restore underground real three-dimensional geological forms, so that the invention becomes an advantageous tool for constructing a geological model and displaying oil reservoir information in a three-dimensional space, and the automatic matching of the spatial positions of a plane map and a section map is realized. The method has important significance for the aspects of reutilization of the result graph, composite verification of geological knowledge and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil field exploration, and relates to a three-dimensional rapid combination method of a planar geological map.
Background
In the process of exploration, production and research of oil fields, a large number of various plane graphs, section graphs and comprehensive column graphs of structures, sediments, reservoirs and the like are compiled every year, and the geological knowledge of the oil fields is gathered. These figures are often used when performing work shows, problem discussions, and well placement. However, these result maps are all presented in the form of plane maps, and a three-dimensional space environment reflecting the underground geological features cannot be constructed. The different figures are displayed in a form of 'parts', so that the information loss of a professional is caused sometimes, and the completeness and the accuracy of the recognition of the geological problem are influenced. At present, no effective technical method is available, and the achievement drawings are combined into a whole. In order to overcome the defects of plane, scattered and isolated achievement drawings, a plane structure diagram, a longitudinal section diagram and a comprehensive columnar diagram need to be subjected to space three-dimensional penetration combination, a complete regional system is constructed, and three-dimensional geological characteristics are reflected. The petroleum industry is the fate of industry, and petroleum is also known as industrial blood, and the importance of petroleum is self-evident. However, because the conditions for producing oil are severe, oil is mostly buried deep in the ground, and artificial exploration and exploitation are required. After many generations of people's efforts, the oil exploration and exploitation have been experienced to a great extent, and a complete system is formed. In terms of the field development as a whole, the whole oil and gas field exploration process can be divided into three stages, namely a regional exploration (prospecting) stage, an industrial exploration (detail exploration) stage and a full exploitation stage. Regional exploration is the geological survey and analysis of a large piece of terrain, such as a basin, depression, etc., to generally understand the geological features of a region and to analyze the region for possible oil storage in preparation for further field discovery. In the industrial exploration stage, methods such as seismic detail logging, well drilling and oil testing are utilized to test and find oil at the position where oil is estimated to be generated, various data such as pressure and temperature of the oil field are analyzed, and a data base is provided for subsequent exploitation and research of the oil field.
In the process, a plurality of software is used for assisting oil field development, and the software usually draws geological information on one picture, so that a large number of various plan views, section views and single-well column diagrams of structures, sediments, reservoirs and the like are compiled every year in the oil field exploration production and research process, and the geological knowledge of the oil field is gathered. These figures are often used when performing work shows, problem discussions, and well placement. However, these result maps are all presented in the form of a plan view, and do not create a three-dimensional space environment that reflects subsurface geological features. The different figures are displayed in a form of 'parts', so that the information loss of a professional is caused sometimes, and the completeness and the accuracy of the recognition of the geological problem are influenced. At present, no effective technical method is available, and the achievement drawings are combined into a whole. In order to overcome the defects of plane, scattered and isolated achievement drawings, a plane structure diagram, a longitudinal section diagram and a single-well columnar diagram are combined in a longitudinally and transversely penetrating manner, a complete regional system is constructed, and three-dimensional geological characteristics are reflected. The research has important significance on the aspects of reutilization of the result graph, composite verification of geological understanding and the like. Through research, a three-dimensional combination software platform of an exploration geological result map is established by utilizing a three-dimensional visualization technology, and underground real three-dimensional geological forms are restored by utilizing geological data such as well position coordinates, layer depth and the like, so that the three-dimensional combination software platform becomes an advantageous tool for constructing a geological model to display oil reservoir information in a three-dimensional space, and the automatic matching of the spatial positions of a plane map and a section map is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a three-dimensional rapid combination method of a planar geological map, which has the advantages that a three-dimensional combination software platform of a geological result exploration map is established by researching and utilizing a three-dimensional visualization technology, underground real three-dimensional geological form is restored by utilizing geological data such as well position coordinates, layer position depth and the like, a geological model is formed and constructed, and the space position of the planar map and a section map is automatically matched by utilizing a favorable tool-for displaying oil reservoir information in a three-dimensional space. The method has important significance for the aspects of reutilization of the result graph, composite verification of geological knowledge and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
1) preprocessing a plane geological map, marking the original map, obtaining original data of the original map, transforming the data, calculating actual data corresponding to a map model, and performing spatial transformation on the geological map;
2) constructing a visual object, constructing different models based on different requirements, and bearing and displaying two-dimensional graphs such as an exploration result graph, a well-connecting profile graph, a single-well histogram and the like so as to represent the fluctuation characteristics of a single stratum and the combined characteristics of multiple stratums and multiple wells; the inside of the visual object comprises geometry and characters, and some visual related operations such as translucence, mode change and the like are encapsulated;
3) and combining and visualizing the plane drawings in three dimensions, combining the transformed drawings in three-dimensional space by using a three-dimensional visualization technology, and realizing three-dimensional combination of geological drawings and construction of a three-dimensional structure model.
Further, step 1) comprises
S1: establishing a geological map library, firstly designing a geological map information library, storing all geological maps into the information library, and then calculating coordinate data of the geological maps according to actual coordinate information of well positions in the geological maps, wherein the coordinate data comprises a map transformation process and a data correction process;
s2: the map transformation comprises exploration result map transformation, well-connecting profile map transformation and synthetic histogram transformation;
s21 exploration result graph transformation is to calculate the region range of the stratum represented by the graph, the actual depth factor is not considered at all, the key of the transformation is the horizontal data transformation of the result graph, and the flow of the graph transformation neglecting the fluctuation of the terrain in the longitudinal direction and the change of the stratum is roughly as follows: selecting an exploration result diagram, clicking a well mark with known actual well position coordinates in the diagram to obtain the position of the well in the diagram, correspondingly inputting the actual coordinates of the well, calculating diagram coordinate data according to the coordinate data of two wells, and storing the diagram coordinate data into a geological diagram information base;
s22 well-connecting section map transformation: the well-tie profile characterizes formation changes on the well-tie profile; because the wells that make up the well tie profile are not generally in a plane, the well tie profile is effectively a fracture; because the well-tie profile is a two-dimensional plane graph, the proportion among wells is possibly maladjusted, the profile position needs to be recalculated according to the actual well position during the transformation, the well-tie profile transformation comprises the horizontal direction and the depth direction, and the transformation process is as follows:
① horizontal coordinate transformation
Calculating the trend of the well position in the well-connected section diagram according to the actual horizontal position of the well in the exploration result diagram, namely calculating the direction of the section between two wells according to the coordinates of two adjacent wells; calculating the horizontal coordinates of the well-connected profile map piece according to the pixel distance of the well in the well-connected profile map and the actual horizontal coordinates of the well in the well-connected profile map, wherein the horizontal coordinates comprise a profile starting point position, a middle well point position and an end point position;
assuming that the height and width of the profile map are height and width respectively, and the coordinates of the two wells on the left side are as follows: well 1 pixel coordinates (x1, y1), actual coordinates (x2, y2), well 2 pixel coordinates (x3, y3) actual coordinates (x4, y4), then the left unit lateral pixel corresponds to the horizontal distance
The horizontal coordinates of the corner points on the left side of the figure can be found as:
similarly, the horizontal distance corresponding to the unit horizontal pixel on the right side is calculated
The horizontal coordinates of the right corner point are:
x＝x8-prl*(x7-width)
y＝y8-prl*(x7-width)；
② depth coordinate transformation
The main data source of depth transformation is the stratum depth information contained in the profile; assuming that the sectional drawing is high and wide, width is: the coordinates of two points on the coordinate ruler are as follows: p1 pixel coordinates (px1, py1), actual depth: h1, P2 pixel coordinates (px1, px2), actual depth: h 2;
the corresponding depth of the unit vertical pixel can be obtained
Obtaining the actual depth h of any position (x, y) of the graph, namely h1-ph (py 1-y);
at the same time, the depth of the corner point of the picture can be calculated as
Because the proportion difference between the vertical distance and the transverse distance of the sectional picture is large, the picture becomes very flat by using the actual depth and is inconvenient to observe, and after the depth correction coefficient lambda is added for adjustment, the depth of the corner point of the picture is as follows:
upper corner points: hu' ═ λ (h1-ph py1)
Lower corner points: hp ═ λ (h1-ph (py1-height))
So in conjunction with the horizontal coordinate calculation, the four-corner coordinates are calculated as follows:
corner1(x2-pll*x1,y2-pll*x1,h1-ph*py1)
corner2(x2-pll*x1,y4-pll*x1,h1-ph*(py1-height))
corner3(x8-prl*(x7-width),y8-prl*(x7-width),h1-ph*py1)
corner4(x8-prl*(x7-width),y8-prl*(x7-width),h1-ph*(py1-height))
s23 synthetic histogram transformation: the comprehensive histogram only contains information of one well, only the information of the well needs to be stored, the comprehensive histogram does not need depth correction and has no fixed size, and the position coordinates of the specific graph are calculated in the three-dimensional combination and visualization process;
s3 data correction, depth data are not in the exploration result diagram, when the exploration result diagram is spatially combined with the well-connecting section diagram, the depth coordinate data of each well point in the exploration result diagram and the well-connecting section diagram need to be ensured to be consistent, due to errors, the actual well depth coordinate at the stratum possibly is inconsistent with the well-connecting section diagram, correction needs to be carried out according to a standard, the actual well depth is usually taken as the standard, and if the actual data is missing, the data in the well-connecting section diagram is taken as the standard to be recorded into a geological map library.
Further, step 2) comprises
S1 construction exploration result chart visualization object
The exploration result graph has three application scenes, each application scene constructs the exploration result graph with different modes, and the specific modes are three types:
① regional scope
In the mode, an exploration result graph is regarded as a plane, so that a rectangle is selected as a geometric body bearing the graph, the model can be constructed only by the vertexes of four corners, the horizontal coordinate information of the vertexes of the four corners of the graph is calculated in the data transformation process, and the depth value Z is the average depth of wells in the graph;
② topographic change of well-connecting section direction
The topographic variation of the well-connecting section diagram direction represents the information of the stratum fluctuation of the direction, and a folding surface is constructed when the geometric body of the bearing diagram is constructed;
the method comprises the following steps that (1) the volt transformation of a stratum calculates depth coordinates of four corner points of a result graph and coordinates of each break point of the graph according to different depth positions (calculated in the graph transformation process) of intersection of a well and the stratum;
suppose the four-corner coordinates of the drawing obtained from the file are:
corner1(cx1,cy1),corner2(cx1,cy2),corner3(cx2,cy2),corner4(cx2,c y1),
according to the trend difference of actual well will have horizontal folding, erect two kinds of modes of folding, two kinds of modes are similar, the following is the condition of horizontal folding:
obtaining depth coordinates z1, z2, z3, … …, zn of a plurality of wells on a production map from a geological map library, and also because the depths of the wells can be actually relatively small and are not easy to observe, introducing a depth correction coefficient lambda, z ' ═ z × lambda again to obtain corrected depths z1 ', z2 ', z3 ', … …, zn '; to construct the final supporting body, assuming that the depth of the vertex of the four corners is the same as the depth of the nearest well, the depth of coordinates of the four corners can be obtained, and then the coordinates of the starting point and the ending point of the key of the geometrical body can be known:
corner1(cx1,cy1,z1’),corner2(cx1,cy2,z1’),corner3(cx2,cy2,zn’) ,corner4(cx2,cy1,zn’)
assuming that the horizontal coordinates of the well above the break point obtained from the geological map library are sequentially:
w1(x1,y1),w2(x2,y2),……,wn(xn,yn),
then key break coordinates (lateral fold):
fold11(x1,cy1,z1’),fold21(x2,cy1,z2’),……,foldn1(x1,cy1,zn’) fold12(x1,cy2,z1’),fold22(x2,cy2,z2’),……,foldn2(xn,cy2,zn’)
after obtaining the starting point, the break point and the end point of the key, constructing a geometric body of the bearing graph, wherein the geometric body adopts a triangular net structure, and the construction method is explained later;
③ formation morphology fitting under multiple constraints
The exploration result diagram is combined with a plurality of well-connecting section diagrams, so that the real heart state of the stratum can be simulated approximately, the stratum form fitting under multiple constraints is based on the coordinates of a plurality of well points in the stratum, an irregular triangular network is constructed according to the position coordinates of the well points to fit the stratum in the area, and the fluctuation represented by the well-connecting section diagrams and the well-connecting section diagrams is considered;
the construction of the triangular net requires that all well point coordinates are calculated firstly, the horizontal coordinates of four corner vertexes of a map, the horizontal coordinates and the depth coordinates of stratum well points are obtained from a geological map library, then the depths of the four corner vertexes are given according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the well points, and the coordinates of all key points are obtained; finally, constructing a Delaunay triangulation network for bearing the graph, namely a TIN surface for short, according to the coordinates;
s2 construction of well-connecting section map visualization object
The method for constructing the well-connected section map and the method b for constructing the exploration result map are consistent, a folding surface is constructed, the horizontal coordinates of the left vertex of the map obtained from the geological map library are left (x1, y1), the horizontal coordinates of right (x2, y2), the uppermost depth zh and the lowermost depth zl of the map are obtained, the horizontal coordinates of a series of wells on the section map are w1(wx1, wy1) and w2(wx2, wy2), the depth correction coefficient lambda, z' ═ z lambda is introduced into the exploration result map again
Then the fold vertex coordinates:
Corner1(x1,y1,zh’),fold11(wx1,wy1,zh’),fold21(wx2,wy2,zh’), Corner3(x2,y2,zh’),
Corner2(x1,y1,zl’),fold12(wx1,wy1,z1’),fold22(wx2,wy2,zl’), Corner4(x2,y2,zl’)
because the scales of the wells on the profile are different from each other, the texture cannot be directly calculated by using coordinates, and the two-dimensional texture coordinates of all the points can be calculated by assuming that the pixel abscissa of all the folding points from left to right is px1, px2, px3 and px4 by calculating the pixel abscissa recorded in the geological map library:
Corner1(px1/px4,1),fold11(px2/px4,1),fold21(px3/px4,1),Corner3(px 4/px4,1),
Corner2(px1/px4,0),fold12(px2/px4,0),fold22(px3/px4,0),Corner4(px4/px4,0)
s3 construction of synthetic histogram visualization object
Before constructing a visual object of the comprehensive histogram, the loading of an exploration result graph must be completed; setting proportion according to the size of the exploration result graph by the comprehensive histogram; after the comprehensive histogram is loaded, the y coordinates of the four vertexes are the same, namely the graph is parallel to the X axis;
assuming that the length of the exploration result graph in the X direction is TotalLength, the coordinates of well points on the graph are (X, y, z), the proportion set by a user is proportionality, the height of the graph is height, and the width of the graph is length, then the actual width of the graph in the transverse direction is
Actual length in the longitudinal direction
The coordinates of the vertices of the four corners of the drawing are respectively:
s4, the Delaunay triangulation is constructed by adopting a point-by-point insertion algorithm, namely, a convex polygon containing all points is found, an initial triangulation is established in the convex polygon, and then the following steps are iterated until all data points are processed:
inserting a data point, splitting the triangle where the data point is located into three new triangles, and optimizing by using a LOP algorithm to generate a new triangular net (the optimization principle is that no other points exist in the range of the circumscribed circle of any triangle);
s5 calculates texture coordinates: in order to attach the map as a texture to the geometry, texture coordinates of each point need to be calculated, the texture coordinates are horizontal coordinates after normalization, and the horizontal coordinates of each well point of the TIN surface are assumed to be x1, x2, … … and xn; y1, y2, … …, yn, then the texture coordinates (txi, tyi) for any well point (xi, yi) are:
further, step 3) comprises
S1, establishing an independent work area, loading all exploration result graphs, well-connecting section graphs and comprehensive bar charts related in the work area into the work area, and recording the state of the work area;
s2, establishing a three-dimensional visual scene, and loading the established exploration result graph visual object, the well-connecting profile graph visual object and the synthetic histogram visual object;
s3 supports the user to select, drag, rotate, hide the display, set the scale and other operations of the visual object, and records the state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a result map region transformation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a transformation of a section trajectory of a result diagram;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of depth calculation of a cross-sectional view;
FIG. 4 is a fold plane constructed to bear a map of the results of an exploration;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an interpolation method to generate a triangulation network;
FIG. 6 is a broken plane of a cross-sectional view of a construction load-bearing well string;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the effect of region range transformation;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the effect of profile track transformation (transparency effect);
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the effect of horizon depth transformation;
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of formation changes on a well-tie profile;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of the effect of a multi-condition heave transformation of a formation;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a histogram coordinate calculation.
Detailed Description
1) Preprocessing a plane geological map, marking the original map, obtaining original data of the original map, transforming the data, calculating actual data corresponding to a map model, and performing spatial transformation on the geological map;
s1: and establishing a geological map library, firstly designing a geological map information library, storing all geological maps into the information library, and then calculating coordinate data of the geological map according to actual coordinate information of well positions in the geological map, wherein the coordinate data comprises a map transformation process and a data correction process.
S2: the map transformation comprises exploration result map transformation, well-connecting profile map transformation and synthetic histogram transformation;
s21 exploration result graph transformation is to calculate the region range of the stratum represented by the graph, the actual depth factor is not considered at all, the key of the transformation is the horizontal data transformation of the result graph, and the flow of the graph transformation neglecting the fluctuation of the terrain in the longitudinal direction and the change of the stratum is roughly as follows: selecting an exploration result diagram, clicking a well position mark with known actual well position coordinates in the diagram to obtain the position of the well in the diagram, correspondingly inputting the actual coordinates of the well, calculating the coordinate data of the diagram through the coordinate data of two wells, and storing the coordinate data into a geological diagram information base. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a result map region transformation.
S22 well-connecting section map transformation: the well tie profile characterizes formation changes on the well tie profile. Because the wells that make up the well tie profile are not generally in a plane, the well tie profile is effectively a fracture; since the well-connecting section is a two-dimensional plane diagram, which may cause the proportion between wells to be out of order, the section position needs to be recalculated according to the actual well position during the conversion. The well-connecting profile map transformation comprises a horizontal direction and a depth direction, and the transformation process is as follows:
② horizontal coordinate transformation
Calculating the trend of the well position in the well-connected section diagram according to the actual horizontal position of the well in the exploration result diagram, namely calculating the direction of the section between two wells according to the coordinates of two adjacent wells; calculating the horizontal coordinates of the well-connected profile map piece according to the pixel distance of the well in the well-connected profile map and the actual horizontal coordinates of the well in the well-connected profile map, wherein the horizontal coordinates comprise a profile starting point position, a middle well point position and an end point position;
assuming that the height and width of the profile map are height and width respectively, and the coordinates of the two wells on the left side are as follows: well 1 pixel coordinates (x1, y1), actual coordinates (x2, y2), well 2 pixel coordinates (x3, y3) actual coordinates (x4, y4), then the left unit lateral pixel corresponds to the horizontal distance
The horizontal coordinates of the corner points on the left side of the figure can be found as:
similarly, the horizontal distance corresponding to the unit horizontal pixel on the right side is calculated
The horizontal coordinates of the right corner point are:
x＝x8-prl*(x7-width)
y＝y8-prl*(x7-width)
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a well-connecting section trajectory transformation.
② depth coordinate transformation
Depth transformation the primary data source is the formation depth information contained in the profile. As shown in fig. 3, assuming that the cross-sectional drawing is high and wide, width: the coordinates of two points on the coordinate ruler are as follows: p1 pixel coordinates (px1, py1), actual depth: h1, P2 pixel coordinates (px1, px2), actual depth: h2.
the corresponding depth of the unit vertical pixel can be obtained
The actual depth h of any position (x, y) of the map is obtained as h1-ph (py1-y).
At the same time, the depth of the corner point of the picture can be calculated as
Because the proportion difference between the vertical distance and the transverse distance of the sectional picture is large, the picture becomes very flat by using the actual depth and is inconvenient to observe, and after the depth correction coefficient lambda is added for adjustment, the depth of the corner point of the picture is as follows:
upper corner points: hu' ═ λ (h1-ph py1)
Lower corner points: hp ═ λ (h1-ph (py1-height))
So in conjunction with the horizontal coordinate calculation, the four-corner coordinates are calculated as follows:
corner1(x2-pll*x1,y2-pll*x1,h1-ph*py1)
corner2(x2-pll*x1,y4-pll*x1,h1-ph*(py1-height))
corner3(x8-prl*(x7-width),y8-prl*(x7-width),h1-ph*py1)
corner4(x8-prl*(x7-width),y8-prl*(x7-width),h1-ph*(py1-height))
s23 synthetic histogram transformation: the synthetic histogram contains information for only one well, and only that well needs to be stored. The synthetic histogram does not need depth correction and has no fixed size, and the specific map position coordinates are calculated in the three-dimensional combination and visualization process.
And S3, correcting the data, wherein the exploration result graph has no depth data, and when the exploration result graph is spatially combined with the well-connecting profile graph, the depth coordinate data of each well point in the exploration result graph and the well-connecting profile graph are required to be consistent. Due to errors, the actual well depth coordinate of the stratum may not be consistent with that of the well-tie profile, and the actual well depth coordinate needs to be corrected according to a standard, usually based on the actual well depth, and if the actual data is missing, the geological map library is recorded based on the data in the well-tie profile.
2) Constructing a visual object, constructing different models based on different requirements, and bearing and displaying two-dimensional graphs such as an exploration result graph, a well-connecting profile graph, a single-well histogram and the like so as to represent the fluctuation characteristics of a single stratum and the combined characteristics of multiple stratums and multiple wells; the inside of the visual object comprises geometry and characters, and some visual related operations such as translucence, mode change and the like are encapsulated;
s1 construction exploration result chart visualization object
The exploration result graph has three application scenes, each application scene constructs the exploration result graph with different modes, and the specific modes are three types:
① regional scope
In the mode, an exploration result graph is regarded as a plane, so that a rectangle is selected as a geometric body bearing the graph, the model can be constructed only by the vertexes of four corners, the horizontal coordinate information of the vertexes of the four corners of the graph is calculated in the data transformation process, and the depth value Z is the average depth of wells in the graph;
② topographic change of well-connecting section direction
The topographic variation of the well-connecting section diagram direction represents the information of the stratum fluctuation of the direction, and a folding surface is constructed when the geometric body of the bearing diagram is constructed;
the method comprises the following steps that (1) the volt transformation of a stratum calculates depth coordinates of four corner points of a result graph and coordinates of each break point of the graph according to different depth positions (calculated in the graph transformation process) of intersection of a well and the stratum;
suppose the four-corner coordinates of the drawing obtained from the file are:
corner1(cx1,cy1),corner2(cx1,cy2),corner3(cx2,cy2),corner4(cx2,c y1),
according to the trend difference of actual well will have horizontal folding, erect two kinds of modes of folding, two kinds of modes are similar, the following is the condition of horizontal folding:
obtaining depth coordinates z1, z2, z3, … …, zn of a plurality of wells on a production map from a geological map library, and also because the depths of the wells can be actually relatively small and are not easy to observe, introducing a depth correction coefficient lambda, z ' ═ z × lambda again to obtain corrected depths z1 ', z2 ', z3 ', … …, zn '; to construct the final carrier, as shown in fig. 4, assuming that the depth of the four corners vertex is the same as the depth of the nearest well, the depth of the four corners coordinates can be obtained, and the coordinates of the starting point and the ending point of the geometric key can be known:
corner1(cx1,cy1,z1’),corner2(cx1,cy2,z1’),corner3(cx2,cy2,zn’) ,corner4(cx2,cy1,zn’)
assuming that the horizontal coordinates of the well above the break point obtained from the geological map library are sequentially:
w1(x1,y1),w2(x2,y2),……,wn(xn,yn),
then key break coordinates (lateral fold):
fold11(x1,cy1,z1’),fold21(x2,cy1,z2’),……,foldn1(x1,cy1,zn’) fold12(x1,cy2,z1’),fold22(x2,cy2,z2’),……,foldn2(xn,cy2,zn’)
after obtaining the critical starting point, break point, and end point, a geometric body of the bearing drawing is constructed, and the geometric body adopts a triangular network structure, and the construction method is explained later.
③ formation morphology fitting under multiple constraints
The survey outcome map, in combination with the plurality of well ties, may closely simulate the true heart state of the formation. The multi-constraint lower formation form fitting is based on coordinates of a plurality of well points in the formation, an irregular triangular network is constructed according to the position coordinates of the well points to fit the formation in the area, and fluctuation changes reflected by profile maps of a plurality of wells and a plurality of well-connecting wells are considered.
The method comprises the steps that firstly, all well point coordinates are calculated when a triangular net is constructed, firstly, the horizontal coordinates of four corner vertexes of a map, the horizontal coordinates and the depth coordinates of stratum well points are obtained from a geological map library, then the depths of the four corner vertexes are given according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the well points (generally, the average depths of the well points are taken), and the coordinates of all key points are obtained; and finally, constructing a Delaunay triangulation network for bearing the graph, namely a TIN surface for short, according to the coordinates.
S2 construction of well-connecting section map visualization object
The method for constructing the well-tie profile map and the method b for constructing the exploration result map (observation of topography change in the direction of the well-tie profile) are basically consistent, a folding surface is constructed (figure 6), and assuming that the horizontal coordinates of the left vertex of the map obtained from the geological map library are left (x1, y1), the horizontal coordinates of right (x2, y2), the uppermost depth zh and the lowermost depth zl of the map are obtained, and the horizontal coordinates of a series of wells on the profile are w1(wx1, wy1), w2(wx2, wy2), and the depth correction coefficient lambda, z' ═ lambda is introduced into the exploration result map again
Then the fold vertex coordinates:
Corner1(x1,y1,zh’),fold11(wx1,wy1,zh’),fold21(wx2,wy2,zh’), Corner3(x2,y2,zh’),
Corner2(x1,y1,zl’),fold12(wx1,wy1,z1’),fold22(wx2,wy2,zl’), Corner4(x2,y2,zl’)
because the scales of the wells on the profile are different from each other, the texture cannot be directly calculated by using coordinates, and the two-dimensional texture coordinates of all the points can be calculated by assuming that the pixel abscissa of all the folding points from left to right is px1, px2, px3 and px4 by calculating the pixel abscissa recorded in the geological map library:
Corner1(px1/px4,1),fold11(px2/px4,1),fold21(px3/px4,1),Corner3(px 4/px4,1),
Corner2(px1/px4,0),fold12(px2/px4,0),fold22(px3/px4,0),Corner4(px4/px4,0)
s3 construction of synthetic histogram visualization object
Before constructing a visual object of the comprehensive histogram, the loading of an exploration result graph must be completed; setting proportion according to the size of the exploration result graph by the comprehensive histogram; after the synthetic histogram is loaded, the y-coordinate of the four vertices is the same, i.e., the graph is parallel to the X-axis.
As shown in FIG. 12, assuming that the length of the exploration result chart in the X direction is TotalLength, the coordinates of the well point on the chart are (X, y, z), the user-set proportion is contribution, the height of the chart is height width, and the length is length, the actual width of the chart in the transverse direction is
Actual length in the longitudinal direction
The coordinates of the vertices of the four corners of the drawing are respectively:
S4A Delaunay triangulation is constructed using a point-by-point interpolation algorithm as in FIG. 5 by finding a convex polygon containing all points, building an initial triangulation in the convex polygon, and then iterating the following steps until all data points are processed:
inserting a data point, splitting the triangle where the data point is located into three new triangles, and optimizing by using a LOP algorithm to generate a new triangular net (the optimization principle is that no other points exist in the range of the circumscribed circle of any triangle);
s5 calculates texture coordinates: in order to attach the map as a texture to the geometry, texture coordinates of each point need to be calculated, the texture coordinates are horizontal coordinates after normalization, and the horizontal coordinates of each well point of the TIN surface are assumed to be x1, x2, … … and xn; y1, y2, … …, yn, then the texture coordinates (txi, tyi) for any well point (xi, yi) are:
3) and combining and visualizing the plane drawings in three dimensions, combining the transformed drawings in three-dimensional space by using a three-dimensional visualization technology, and realizing three-dimensional combination of geological drawings and construction of a three-dimensional structure model.
S1, establishing an independent work area, loading all exploration result graphs, well-connecting section graphs and comprehensive bar charts related in the work area into the work area, and recording the state of the work area;
s2, establishing a three-dimensional visual scene, and loading the established exploration result graph visual object, the well-connecting profile graph visual object and the synthetic histogram visual object;
s3 supports the user to select, drag, rotate, hide the display, set the scale and other operations of the visual object, and records the state.
The effect graph after the plane graph is subjected to complex data processing and is loaded and rendered in the OSG is shown, and the effect graph comprises the state change of the graph in visualization interaction operation:
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the effect of region range transformation; FIG. 8 is a diagram of the effect of profile track transformation (transparency effect); FIG. 9 is a diagram of the effect of horizon depth transformation; FIG. 10 is a graph showing the effect of formation changes on a well-tie profile; FIG. 11 is a diagram of the effect of fitting formation morphology under multiple constraints.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A three-dimensional rapid combination method for planar geological maps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preprocessing a plane geological map, marking the original map, obtaining original data of the original map, transforming the data, calculating actual data corresponding to a map model, and performing spatial transformation on the geological map;
2) constructing a visual object, constructing different models based on different requirements, and bearing and displaying two-dimensional graphs such as an exploration result graph, a well-connecting profile graph, a single-well histogram and the like so as to represent the fluctuation characteristics of a single stratum and the combined characteristics of multiple stratums and multiple wells; the inside of the visual object comprises geometry and characters, and some visual related operations such as translucence, mode change and the like are encapsulated;
3) and combining and visualizing the plane drawings in three dimensions, combining the transformed drawings in three-dimensional space by using a three-dimensional visualization technology, and realizing three-dimensional combination of geological drawings and construction of a three-dimensional structure model.
2. The three-dimensional rapid combination method of planar geological maps according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step 1) comprises
S1: establishing a geological map library, firstly designing a geological map information library, storing all geological maps into the information library, and then calculating coordinate data of the geological maps according to actual coordinate information of well positions in the geological maps, wherein the coordinate data comprises a map transformation process and a data correction process;
s2: the map transformation comprises exploration result map transformation, well-connecting profile map transformation and synthetic histogram transformation;
s21 exploration result graph transformation is to calculate the region range of the stratum represented by the graph, the actual depth factor is not considered at all, the key of the transformation is the horizontal data transformation of the result graph, and the flow of the graph transformation neglecting the fluctuation of the terrain in the longitudinal direction and the change of the stratum is roughly as follows: selecting an exploration result diagram, clicking a well mark with known actual well position coordinates in the diagram to obtain the position of the well in the diagram, correspondingly inputting the actual coordinates of the well, calculating diagram coordinate data according to the coordinate data of two wells, and storing the diagram coordinate data into a geological diagram information base;
s22 well-connecting section map transformation: the well-tie profile characterizes formation changes on the well-tie profile; because the wells that make up the well tie profile are not generally in a plane, the well tie profile is effectively a fracture; because the well-tie profile is a two-dimensional plane graph, the proportion among wells is possibly maladjusted, the profile position needs to be recalculated according to the actual well position during the transformation, the well-tie profile transformation comprises the horizontal direction and the depth direction, and the transformation process is as follows:
① horizontal coordinate transformation
Calculating the trend of the well position in the well-connected section diagram according to the actual horizontal position of the well in the exploration result diagram, namely calculating the direction of the section between two wells according to the coordinates of two adjacent wells; calculating the horizontal coordinates of the well-connected profile map piece according to the pixel distance of the well in the well-connected profile map and the actual horizontal coordinates of the well in the well-connected profile map, wherein the horizontal coordinates comprise a profile starting point position, a middle well point position and an end point position;
assuming that the height and width of the profile map are height and width respectively, and the coordinates of the two wells on the left side are as follows: well 1 pixel coordinates (x1, y1), actual coordinates (x2, y2), well 2 pixel coordinates (x3, y3) actual coordinates (x4, y4), then the left unit lateral pixel corresponds to the horizontal distance
The horizontal coordinates of the corner points on the left side of the figure can be found as:
similarly, the horizontal distance corresponding to the unit horizontal pixel on the right side is calculated
The horizontal coordinates of the right corner point are:
② depth coordinate transformation
The main data source of depth transformation is the stratum depth information contained in the profile; assuming that the sectional drawing is high and wide, width is: the coordinates of two points on the coordinate ruler are as follows: p1 pixel coordinates (px1, py1), actual depth: h1, P2 pixel coordinates (px1, px2), actual depth: h 2;
the corresponding depth of the unit vertical pixel can be obtained
Obtaining the actual depth h of any position (x, y) of the graph, namely h1-ph (py 1-y);
at the same time, the depth of the corner point of the picture can be calculated as
Upper corner points: hu h1-ph py1
Lower corner points: hp-h 1-ph (py 1-height);
because the proportion difference between the vertical distance and the transverse distance of the sectional picture is large, the picture becomes very flat by using the actual depth and is inconvenient to observe, and after the depth correction coefficient lambda is added for adjustment, the depth of the corner point of the picture is as follows:
upper corner points: hu' ═ λ (h1-ph py1)
Lower corner points: hp' ═ λ (h1-ph (py 1-height));
so in conjunction with the horizontal coordinate calculation, the four-corner coordinates are calculated as follows:
corner1(x2-pll*x1,y2-pll*x1,h1-ph*py1)
corner2(x2-pll*x1,y4-pll*x1,h1-ph*(py1-height))
corner3(x8-prl*(x7-width),y8-prl*(x7-width),h1-ph*py1)
corner4(x8-prl*(x7-width),y8-prl*(x7-width),h1-ph*(py1-height))；
s23 synthetic histogram transformation: the comprehensive histogram only contains information of one well, only the information of the well needs to be stored, the comprehensive histogram does not need depth correction and has no fixed size, and the position coordinates of the specific graph are calculated in the three-dimensional combination and visualization process;
s3 data correction, depth data are not in the exploration result diagram, when the exploration result diagram is spatially combined with the well-connecting section diagram, the depth coordinate data of each well point in the exploration result diagram and the well-connecting section diagram need to be ensured to be consistent, due to errors, the actual well depth coordinate at the stratum possibly is inconsistent with the well-connecting section diagram, correction needs to be carried out according to a standard, the actual well depth is usually taken as the standard, and if the actual data is missing, the data in the well-connecting section diagram is taken as the standard to be recorded into a geological map library.
3. The three-dimensional rapid combination method of planar geological maps according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step 2) comprises
S1 construction exploration result chart visualization object
The exploration result graph has three application scenes, each application scene constructs the exploration result graph with different modes, and the specific modes are three types:
① regional scope
In the mode, an exploration result graph is regarded as a plane, so that a rectangle is selected as a geometric body bearing the graph, the model can be constructed only by the vertexes of four corners, the horizontal coordinate information of the vertexes of the four corners of the graph is calculated in the data transformation process, and the depth value Z is the average depth of wells in the graph;
② topographic change of well-connecting section direction
The topographic variation of the well-connecting section diagram direction represents the information of the stratum fluctuation of the direction, and a folding surface is constructed when the geometric body of the bearing diagram is constructed;
the method comprises the following steps that (1) the volt transformation of a stratum calculates depth coordinates of four corner points of a result graph and coordinates of each break point of the graph according to different depth positions (calculated in the graph transformation process) of intersection of a well and the stratum;
suppose the four-corner coordinates of the drawing obtained from the file are:
corner1(cx1,cy1),corner2(cx1,cy2),corner3(cx2,cy2),corner4(cx2,c y1),
according to the trend difference of actual well will have horizontal folding, erect two kinds of modes of folding, two kinds of modes are similar, the following is the condition of horizontal folding:
obtaining depth coordinates z1, z2, z3, … …, zn of a plurality of wells on a production map from a geological map library, and also because the depths of the wells can be actually relatively small and are not easy to observe, introducing a depth correction coefficient lambda, z ' ═ z × lambda again to obtain corrected depths z1 ', z2 ', z3 ', … …, zn '; to construct the final supporting body, assuming that the depth of the vertex of the four corners is the same as the depth of the nearest well, the depth of coordinates of the four corners can be obtained, and then the coordinates of the starting point and the ending point of the key of the geometrical body can be known:
corner1(cx1,cy1,z1’),corner2(cx1,cy2,z1’),corner3(cx2,cy2,zn’),corner4(cx2,cy1,zn’)；
assuming that the horizontal coordinates of the well above the break point obtained from the geological map library are sequentially:
w1(x1,y1),w2(x2,y2),……,wn(xn,yn),
then key break coordinates (lateral fold):
fold11(x1,cy1,z1’),fold21(x2,cy1,z2’),……,foldn1(x1,cy1,zn’)fold12(x1,cy2,z1’),fold22(x2,cy2,z2’),……,foldn2(xn,cy2,zn’)；
after obtaining the starting point, the break point and the end point of the key, constructing a geometric body of the bearing graph, wherein the geometric body adopts a triangular net structure, and the construction method is explained later;
③ formation morphology fitting under multiple constraints
The exploration result diagram is combined with a plurality of well-connecting section diagrams, so that the real heart state of the stratum can be simulated approximately, the stratum form fitting under multiple constraints is based on the coordinates of a plurality of well points in the stratum, an irregular triangular network is constructed according to the position coordinates of the well points to fit the stratum in the area, and the fluctuation represented by the well-connecting section diagrams and the well-connecting section diagrams is considered;
the construction of the triangular net requires that all well point coordinates are calculated firstly, the horizontal coordinates of four corner vertexes of a map, the horizontal coordinates and the depth coordinates of stratum well points are obtained from a geological map library, then the depths of the four corner vertexes are given according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the well points, and the coordinates of all key points are obtained; finally, constructing a Delaunay triangulation network for bearing the graph, namely a TIN surface for short, according to the coordinates;
s2 construction of well-connecting section map visualization object
The method for constructing the well-connected section map and the method b for constructing the exploration result map are consistent, a folding surface is constructed, the horizontal coordinates of the left vertex of the map obtained from the geological map library are left (x1, y1), the right coordinates right (x2, y2), the uppermost depth zh and the lowermost depth zl of the map are obtained, the horizontal coordinates of a series of wells on the section map are w1(wx1, wy1), w2(wx2, wy2), and a depth correction coefficient lambda, z' ═ z x lambda is introduced into the exploration result map again;
then the fold vertex coordinates:
Corner1(x1,y1,zh’),fold11(wx1,wy1,zh’),fold21(wx2,wy2,zh’),
Corner3(x2,y2,zh’),
Corner2(x1,y1,zl’),fold12(wx1,wy1,z1’),fold22(wx2,wy2,zl’),
Corner4(x2,y2,zl’)；
because the scales of the wells on the profile are different from each other, the texture cannot be directly calculated by using coordinates, and the two-dimensional texture coordinates of all the points can be calculated by assuming that the pixel abscissa of all the folding points from left to right is px1, px2, px3 and px4 by calculating the pixel abscissa recorded in the geological map library:
Corner1(px1/px4,1),fold11(px2/px4,1),fold21(px3/px4,1),Corner3(px4/px4,1),
Corner2(px1/px4,0),fold12(px2/px4,0),fold22(px3/px4,0),Corner4(px4/px4,0)；
s3 construction of synthetic histogram visualization object
Before constructing a visual object of the comprehensive histogram, the loading of an exploration result graph must be completed; setting proportion according to the size of the exploration result graph by the comprehensive histogram; after the comprehensive histogram is loaded, the y coordinates of the four vertexes are the same, namely the graph is parallel to the X axis;
assuming that the length of the exploration result graph in the X direction is TotalLength, the coordinates of well points on the graph are (X, y, z), the proportion set by a user is proportionality, the height of the graph is height, and the width of the graph is length, then the actual width of the graph in the transverse direction is
Actual length in the longitudinal direction
The coordinates of the vertices of the four corners of the drawing are respectively:
s4, the Delaunay triangulation is constructed by adopting a point-by-point insertion algorithm, namely, a convex polygon containing all points is found, an initial triangulation is established in the convex polygon, and then the following steps are iterated until all data points are processed:
inserting a data point, splitting the triangle where the data point is located into three new triangles, and optimizing by using a LOP algorithm to generate a new triangular net (the optimization principle is that no other points exist in the range of the circumscribed circle of any triangle);
s5 calculates texture coordinates: in order to attach the map as a texture to the geometry, texture coordinates of each point need to be calculated, the texture coordinates are horizontal coordinates after normalization, and the horizontal coordinates of each well point of the TIN surface are assumed to be x1, x2, … … and xn; y1, y2, … …, yn, then the texture coordinates (txi, tyi) for any well point (xi, yi) are:
4. the three-dimensional rapid combination method of planar geological maps according to claim 1, characterized in that: said step 3) comprises
S1, establishing an independent work area, loading all exploration result graphs, well-connecting section graphs and comprehensive bar charts related in the work area into the work area, and recording the state of the work area;
s2, establishing a three-dimensional visual scene, and loading the established exploration result graph visual object, the well-connecting profile graph visual object and the synthetic histogram visual object;
s3 supports the user to select, drag, rotate, hide the display, set the scale and other operations of the visual object, and records the state.
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