CN117344265A - 一种GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺，其步骤如下：预氧化、强渗、扩散、淬火、热清洗、冷清洗、冷处理、回火、取出GCr15零件，出炉空冷。本发明采用可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线进行碳氮共渗实现连续生产，提高生产效率，降低工人劳动强度，增加产能，减少隙炉经常开启和关闭动作，降低能耗，成本比普通的碳氮共渗可以节省至少50%，并且炉内各区碳势可控制，从而保证质量稳定。经过本发明的热处理工艺得到的GCr15零件表面硬度可达到62‑65HRC，芯部硬度61‑64HRC，无碳化物层小于0.02mm，碳氮渗层大于0.4mm，表面含碳量1.15‑1.5%，碳氮共渗金相可达1级。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及热处理技术领域，尤其涉及GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺。
背景技术
众所周知，GCr15是轴承行业应用最广泛的一种高碳铬轴承钢，国内外一些知名品牌的中小型精密轴承或者在特殊工况下使用的轴承，大都通过选用该材料，采用特殊的热处理工艺，如采用碳氮共渗、超细化处理等工艺方法来提高零件的表面硬度及耐磨性能，提高轴承的使用寿命要求。传统的碳氮共渗工艺采用隙炉生产，隙炉需经常开启和关闭，工人劳动强度高，生产效率低，且质量不稳定。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺，其可以解决背景技术中提及的技术问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：一种GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺，其步骤如下：
（1）预氧化：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的前置区对GCr15零件进行加热预氧化，加热温度为450-650℃，时间为10-20min；
（2）强渗：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的强渗区对GCr15零件进行强渗处理，维持炉温830-880℃，保温时间为120-300min，可控气氛的连续网带炉上增加有正对强渗区的高速搅拌风扇，高速搅拌风扇转动进而控制炉内气氛分布均匀，使强渗区炉内碳势在1.1-1.5%内调节，氨气量为0.2-1.0NL/min；
（3）扩散：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的扩散区对GCr15零件进行扩散处理，继续维持炉温830-880℃，扩散时间为强渗时间的1/3-2/3，可控气氛的连续网带炉上增加有正对扩散区的高速搅拌风扇，高速搅拌风扇转动进而控制炉内气氛分布均匀，使扩散区炉内碳势在1.1-1.3%内调节，氨气量为0.2-1.0NL/min；
（4）淬火：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的冷却区使GCr15零件的温度降低至820-840℃，然后进入可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的淬火槽中进行油淬，油温控制在85-95℃；
（5）热清洗：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的热清洗区对GCr15零件进行清洗，采用专用清洗剂，清洗温度为45-70℃，清洗时间为10-20min；
（6）冷清洗：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的冷清洗区对GCr15零件进行再次清洗，清洗温度为8-12℃，清洗时间为5-10min；
（7）冷处理：将GCr15零件放入工业冰柜中进行冷处理，冷却温度为零下30-零下70℃，时间为40-60min；
（8）回火：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的回火区对GCr15零件进行低温回火处理，控制炉温150-230℃，时间为120-240min；
（9）取出GCr15零件，出炉空冷。
作为优选，在步骤（1）预氧化之前，对GCr15零件进行前清洗并烘干处理。
作为优选，所述高速搅拌风扇的转速为1000r/min。
作为优选，所述专用清洗剂为轴承专用清洗剂。
作为优选，所述可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的强渗区和扩散区上均安装有氨气管道和氧探头。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：本发明采用可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线进行碳氮共渗实现连续生产，提高生产效率，降低工人劳动强度，增加产能，减少隙炉经常开启和关闭动作，降低能耗，缩短时间，成本比普通的碳氮共渗可以节省至少50%，并且炉内各区碳势可控制，从而保证质量稳定。经过本发明的热处理工艺得到的GCr15零件表面硬度可达到62-65HRC，芯部硬度61-64HRC，无碳化物层小于0.02mm，碳氮渗层大于0.4mm，表面含碳量1.15-1.5%，碳氮共渗金相可达1级。
附图说明
图1是本发明的可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的结构示意图。
实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺，其步骤如下：
（1）预氧化：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的前置区1对GCr15零件进行加热预氧化，加热温度为450-650℃，时间为10-20min，可以加快碳氮共渗的速度；
（2）强渗：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的强渗区2对GCr15零件进行强渗处理，维持炉温830-880℃，保温时间为120-300min，可控气氛的连续网带炉上增加有正对强渗区的高速搅拌风扇9，高速搅拌风扇9转动进而控制炉内气氛分布均匀，使强渗区炉内碳势在1.1-1.5%内调节，氨气量为0.2-1.0NL/min；
（3）扩散：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的扩散区3对GCr15零件进行扩散处理，继续维持炉温830-880℃，扩散时间为强渗时间的1/3-2/3，可控气氛的连续网带炉上增加有正对扩散区的高速搅拌风扇9，高速搅拌风扇9转动进而控制炉内气氛分布均匀，使扩散区炉内碳势在1.1-1.3%内调节，氨气量为0.2-1.0NL/min，可以加速扩散增加碳氮渗层；
（4）淬火：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的冷却区4使GCr15零件的温度降低至820-840℃，然后进入可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的淬火槽5中进行油淬，油温控制在85-95℃，减少工件变形；
（5）热清洗：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的热清洗区6对GCr15零件进行清洗，去除GCr15零件表面油渍，采用专用清洗剂，清洗温度为45-70℃，清洗时间为10-20min，增加清洗效果；
（6）冷清洗：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的冷清洗区7对GCr15零件进行再次清洗，清洗温度为8-12℃，清洗时间为5-10min，使淬火时没来得及转变成马氏体的残余奥氏体继续转变成马氏体，从而减少残余奥氏体含量，增加GCr15零件的精密度；
（7）冷处理：将GCr15零件放入工业冰柜中进行冷处理，冷却温度为零下30-零下70℃，时间为40-60min，进一步减少残余奥氏体含量；
（8）回火：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的回火区8对GCr15零件进行低温回火处理，控制炉温150-230℃，时间为120-240min，增加GCr15零件的硬度和耐磨性；
（9）取出GCr15零件，出炉空冷。
作为优选，在步骤（1）预氧化之前，对GCr15零件进行前清洗并烘干处理，去除GCr15零件的表面杂质。
作为优选，所述高速搅拌风扇9的转速为1000r/min，可以确保可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的炉内碳势和氨气的均匀性。
作为优选，所述专用清洗剂为轴承专用清洗剂，清洗效果好。
作为优选，所述可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的强渗区2和扩散区3上均安装有氨气管道和氧探头10，实现碳氮的精确控制，确保GCr15零件的质量。
利用上述热处理工艺对型号为6001内圈、6202内圈、6306ZZ外圈进行碳氮共渗处理，产品具有热处理变形小，碳氮渗层质量均匀，表面碳化物细小弥散，具有良好的热处理工艺性。
本发明采用可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线进行碳氮共渗实现连续生产，提高生产效率，降低工人劳动强度，增加产能，减少隙炉经常开启和关闭动作，降低能耗，缩短时间，成本比普通的碳氮共渗可以节省至少50%，并且炉内各区碳势可控制，从而保证质量稳定。经过本发明的热处理工艺得到的GCr15零件表面硬度可达到62-65HRC，芯部硬度61-64HRC，无碳化物层小于0.02mm，碳氮渗层大于0.4mm，表面含碳量1.15-1.5%，碳氮共渗金相可达1级。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方案中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里所示出与描述的图例。
Claims (5)
1.一种GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺，其特征在于，其步骤如下：
（1）预氧化：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的前置区对GCr15零件进行加热预氧化，加热温度为450-650℃，时间为10-20min；
（2）强渗：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的强渗区对GCr15零件进行强渗处理，维持炉温830-880℃，保温时间为120-300min，可控气氛的连续网带炉上增加有正对强渗区的高速搅拌风扇，高速搅拌风扇转动进而控制炉内气氛分布均匀，使强渗区炉内碳势在1.1-1.5%内调节，氨气量为0.2-1.0NL/min；
（3）扩散：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的扩散区对GCr15零件进行扩散处理，继续维持炉温830-880℃，扩散时间为强渗时间的1/3-2/3，可控气氛的连续网带炉上增加有正对扩散区的高速搅拌风扇，高速搅拌风扇转动进而控制炉内气氛分布均匀，使扩散区炉内碳势在1.1-1.3%内调节，氨气量为0.2-1.0NL/min；
（4）淬火：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的冷却区使GCr15零件的温度降低至820-840℃，然后进入可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的淬火槽中进行油淬，油温控制在85-95℃；
（5）热清洗：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的热清洗区对GCr15零件进行清洗，采用专用清洗剂，清洗温度为45-70℃，清洗时间为10-20min；
（6）冷清洗：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的冷清洗区对GCr15零件进行再次清洗，清洗温度为8-12℃，清洗时间为5-10min；
（7）冷处理：将GCr15零件放入工业冰柜中进行冷处理，冷却温度为零下30-零下70℃，时间为40-60min；
（8）回火：在可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的回火区对GCr15零件进行低温回火处理，控制炉温150-230℃，时间为120-240min；
（9）取出GCr15零件，出炉空冷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺，其特征在于：在步骤（1）预氧化之前，对GCr15零件进行前清洗并烘干处理。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺，其特征在于：所述高速搅拌风扇的转速为1000r/min。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺，其特征在于：所述专用清洗剂为轴承专用清洗剂。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的GCr15零件的碳氮共渗工艺，其特征在于：所述可控气氛的连续网带炉生产线的强渗区和扩散区上均安装有氨气管道和氧探头。
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