CN117344166B - High-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117344166B CN117344166B CN202311656410.7A CN202311656410A CN117344166B CN 117344166 B CN117344166 B CN 117344166B CN 202311656410 A CN202311656410 A CN 202311656410A CN 117344166 B CN117344166 B CN 117344166B
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- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 209
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy processing, and discloses a high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pressing the sponge titanium and intermediate alloy raw material mixture into a plurality of electrode blocks, and welding the electrode blocks to obtain a consumable electrode; welding the consumable electrode and the auxiliary electrode to obtain a welding electrode; smelting a welding electrode for the first time, wherein the ratio of the diameter of a crucible to the smelting speed is 40-50, the size of arc stabilizing current is 5-10A, and the period is 240-300s; smelting for the second time, wherein the ratio of the crucible diameter to the smelting speed is 35-45, the arc stabilizing current is 10-15A, and the period is 120-240s; smelting for the third time, wherein the ratio of the crucible diameter to the smelting speed is 30-40, and the feeding rate is V 2 Satisfy V 2 ≥‑(t/75) 2 +V 1 The stable arc current is 15-20A and the period is 60-120s. The cast ingot obtained by the method has uniform components and has no defects of shrinkage cavity, looseness and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium alloy processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot and the high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot prepared by the preparation method.
Background
The titanium alloy is taken as a superior alloy material, has high specific strength and corrosion resistance, is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, nuclear power, petrochemical industry and the like, particularly provides new challenges for the performance stability of products in the fields of aviation, nuclear power and the like, and the component uniformity of the alloy is the basis for ensuring the performance stability of the products. At present, the most mature process for smelting the titanium alloy is mainly a vacuum consumable smelting process (VAR), but the problems of uneven components, extremely poor alloy elements, loose surface, deeper shrinkage holes at the head of the ingot and the like of the titanium alloy ingot generally exist, so that the yield of the ingot is low, and the application in the high-end field is limited, so that the VAR smelting process also needs to be further optimized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot, wherein the weight of the cast ingot is more than or equal to 3 tons.
In order to solve the technical problems or achieve the purposes, the invention adopts the following specific technical scheme:
according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot, comprising the steps of:
1) Mixing and pressing the sponge titanium and the intermediate alloy raw materials in proportion to form a plurality of electrode blocks, and welding the electrode blocks formed by mixing and pressing to obtain a consumable electrode;
2) Welding the consumable electrode and the vacuum consumable smelting auxiliary electrode to obtain a welding electrode;
3) The welding electrode is smelted for the first time, wherein the first smelting is divided into an arc starting stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arc starting stage is less than or equal to 25min, the ratio of the crucible diameter in mm in the stable smelting stage to the smelting speed in kg/min is 40-50, the time in the heat sealing top stage is more than or equal to 30min, the average dropping speed of electrode melting is less than or equal to 5kg/min, the arc stabilizing current is 5-10A, the arc stabilizing period is 240-300s, and then the power is off for cooling after the first smelting is finished to obtain a first cast ingot;
4) The first cast ingot is subjected to secondary smelting, wherein the secondary smelting is divided into an arc starting stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arc starting stage is less than or equal to 25min, the ratio of the crucible diameter in mm in the stable smelting stage to the smelting speed in kg/min is 35-45, the time in the heat sealing top stage is more than or equal to 60min, the average speed of downward dripping of the cast ingot during smelting is less than or equal to 3kg/min, the arc stabilizing current is 10-15A, the arc stabilizing period is 120-240s, and then the cast ingot is powered off and cooled after the secondary smelting is finished to obtain a second cast ingot;
5) The second ingot is smelted for the third time, and the third smelting is divided into an arc starting stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, wherein the smelting time in the arc starting stage is less than or equal to 25min, and the crucible diameter in mm and the smelting speed V in kg/min in the stable smelting stage are respectively equal to or less than 25min 1 The ratio of (2) is 30-40, the time t of the heat-sealing top stage is more than or equal to 300min, and the feeding rate V in kg/min in the heat-sealing top stage is higher than or equal to 2 Satisfy V 2 ≥-(t/75) 2 +V 1 The arc stabilizing current is 15-20A and the arc stabilizing period is 60-120s, and then the high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot is obtained after the third smelting is finished and the power-off cooling is performed.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method further comprises:
6) And (3) carrying out flaw detection after flattening and surface polishing on the obtained high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot, and respectively taking four points at three parts of the head, the middle and the tail of the high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot for component detection.
In one embodiment of the invention, a range of no more than 0.2% of the main alloying elements in the high homogeneity titanium alloy ingot, and a range of no more than 0.02% of Fe and O are detected.
In one embodiment of the invention, in step 1), the titanium sponge has a Brinell hardness of < 90HB, an O content of < 0.05%, and an Fe content of < 0.03%.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in step 1), the mixture of each electrode block is alternately rotated clockwise and counterclockwise, and the total rotation number is not less than 100 turns for each rotation by more than 10 turns.
In one embodiment of the invention, in step 2), the diameter ratio of the auxiliary electrode to the consumable electrode is 0.4-0.7.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step 3), the vacuum degree in the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa before the first smelting, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the power-off cooling time is more than or equal to 5 hours after the first smelting is finished, and the peeling of the surface of the first cast ingot after the first cast ingot is discharged from the furnace is 3mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step 4), the vacuum degree in the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa before the second smelting, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the power-off cooling time is more than or equal to 5 hours after the second smelting is finished, and the peeling of the surface of the second cast ingot after the second cast ingot is discharged from the furnace is 2mm.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step 5), the vacuum degree in the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa before the third smelting, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, and the outage cooling time is more than or equal to 5 hours after the third smelting is finished.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot prepared by the method for preparing a high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot as described above.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, the titanium alloy cast ingot is obtained by controlling the hardness of the sponge titanium, the Fe and O components, the mixed materials and the specific smelting process, the cast ingot is prepared by adopting three smelting processes, the smelting speed in the stable smelting stage is gradually increased, the arc stabilizing current is gradually increased, the arc stabilizing period is gradually reduced, the third heat-sealing top rate is required to be accurately controlled, and the obtained cast ingot has uniform components and has no defects of shrinkage cavity, porosity and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are necessary for the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention and that other embodiments may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for preparing a high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot provided by the invention;
figure 2 shows a graph of the control of the feed rate during the heat capping phase of the third smelting pass of the process of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention shown in the exemplary embodiments are only illustrative. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible without materially departing from the teachings of the subject matter of this disclosure. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of present invention. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and parameters of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present inventions.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a preparation method of a high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot, which comprises the following steps:
s101: mixing and pressing the sponge titanium and the intermediate alloy raw materials in proportion to form a plurality of electrode blocks, and welding the electrode blocks formed by mixing and pressing to obtain a consumable electrode;
s102: welding the consumable electrode and the vacuum consumable smelting auxiliary electrode to obtain a welding electrode;
s103: the welding electrode is smelted for the first time, wherein the first smelting is divided into an arc starting stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arc starting stage is less than or equal to 25min, the ratio of the crucible diameter in mm in the stable smelting stage to the smelting speed in kg/min is 40-50, the time in the heat sealing top stage is more than or equal to 30min, the average dropping speed of electrode melting is less than or equal to 5kg/min, the arc stabilizing current is 5-10A, the arc stabilizing period is 240-300s, and then the power is off for cooling after the first smelting is finished to obtain a first cast ingot;
s104: the first cast ingot is subjected to secondary smelting, wherein the secondary smelting is divided into an arc starting stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arc starting stage is less than or equal to 25min, the ratio of the crucible diameter in mm in the stable smelting stage to the smelting speed in kg/min is 35-45, the time in the heat sealing top stage is more than or equal to 60min, the average speed of downward dripping of the cast ingot during smelting is less than or equal to 3kg/min, the arc stabilizing current is 10-15A, the arc stabilizing period is 120-240s, and then the cast ingot is powered off and cooled after the secondary smelting is finished to obtain a second cast ingot;
s105: the second ingot is smelted for the third time, and the third smelting is divided into an arc starting stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, wherein the smelting time in the arc starting stage is less than or equal to 25min, and the crucible diameter in mm and the smelting speed V in kg/min in the stable smelting stage are respectively equal to or less than 25min 1 The ratio of (2) is 30-40, the time t of the heat-sealing top stage is more than or equal to 300min, and the feeding rate V in kg/min in the heat-sealing top stage is higher than or equal to 2 Satisfy V 2 ≥-(t/75) 2 +V 1 The arc stabilizing current is 15-20A and the arc stabilizing period is 60-120s, and then the high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot is obtained after the third smelting is finished and the power-off cooling is performed.
The cast ingot is prepared by adopting three times of smelting, the smelting speed in the stable smelting stage is gradually increased, the arc stabilizing current is gradually increased, the arc stabilizing period is gradually reduced, the third heat-sealing top rate needs to be accurately controlled, and the obtained cast ingot has uniform components and has no defects of shrinkage cavity, looseness and the like.
In the above preparation method, the preparation method further comprises:
and (3) carrying out flaw detection after flattening and surface polishing on the obtained high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot, and respectively taking four points at three parts of the head, the middle and the tail of the high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot for component detection.
In the preparation method, the alloy main element range in the high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot is detected to be not higher than 0.2%, and the Fe and O range is detected to be not higher than 0.02%.
In the preparation method, in the step S101, the Brinell hardness of the titanium sponge is less than 90HB, the O content is less than 0.05 percent, and the Fe content is less than 0.03 percent; the material mixing of each electrode block adopts clockwise and anticlockwise alternate rotation, and the total rotation times are not less than 100 circles after each rotation for more than 10 circles.
In the above preparation method, in step S102, the diameter ratio of the auxiliary electrode to the consumable electrode is 0.4 to 0.7.
In the preparation method, in the step S103, the vacuum degree of the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa before the first smelting, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the power-off cooling time is more than or equal to 5 hours after the first smelting is finished, and the surface of the first cast ingot is peeled off 3mm after the first cast ingot is discharged from the furnace.
In the preparation method, in the step S104, the vacuum degree of the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa before the second smelting, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the power-off cooling time is more than or equal to 5 hours after the second smelting is finished, and the peeling of the surface of the second cast ingot after the second cast ingot is discharged from the furnace is 2mm.
In the preparation method, in the step S105, the vacuum degree in the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa before the third smelting, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, and the power-off cooling time is more than or equal to 5 hours after the third smelting is finished.
The foregoing technical solutions of the present application are described in detail below by means of specific embodiments.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a preparation method of a high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot, which comprises the following steps:
step one: the raw materials such as titanium sponge and intermediate alloy are mixed according to alloy proportion to press a plurality of electrode blocks, wherein the Brinell hardness of the titanium sponge is less than 90HB, the O content is less than 0.05%, and the Fe content is less than 0.03%. The mixed material of each electrode block rotates clockwise and anticlockwise alternately, the total rotation times are not less than 100 circles after each rotation is performed for more than 10 circles, and the consumable electrode is obtained after the mixed material is pressed and a plurality of electrode blocks are welded.
Step two: welding the consumable electrode and the vacuum consumable smelting auxiliary electrode in the first step, wherein the diameter ratio of the auxiliary electrode to the consumable electrode is 0.4-0.7.
Step three: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the first smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arcing stage is less than or equal to 25min, the ratio of the crucible diameter (mm) to the smelting speed (kg/min) in the stable smelting stage is 40-50, the time in the heat sealing top stage is more than or equal to 30min, the average dropping speed of electrode melting is less than or equal to 5kg/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 240-300s, the size is 5-10A, then the power-off cooling time is more than or equal to 5h after the first smelting is finished, and the peeling of the rear surface of an ingot furnace is 3mm.
Step four: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the cast ingot in the third step is smelted for the second time, the second smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arcing stage is less than or equal to 25min, the ratio of the diameter (mm) of the crucible to the smelting speed (kg/min) in the stable smelting stage is 35-45, the time in the heat sealing top stage is more than or equal to 60min, the average dropping speed of the cast ingot is less than or equal to 3kg/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 120-240s, the size is 10-15A, then the power-off cooling time after the second smelting is finished is more than or equal to 5h, and the skinning of the surface of the cast ingot after the cast ingot is discharged from the furnace is 2mm.
Step five: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the cast ingot in the fourth step is smelted for the third time, wherein the third smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arcing stage is less than or equal to 25min, and the diameter (mm) of the crucible and the smelting speed V in the stable smelting period are reduced 1 The ratio of (kg/min) is 30-40, the time t of the heat-sealing top stage is more than or equal to 300min, and the feeding rate V in the heat-sealing top stage 2 (kg/min) continuously decreases and satisfies V 2 ≥-（t/75） 2 +V 1 The arc stabilizing current is sinusoidal alternating current with the alternating current period of 60-120s and the size of 15-20A, and then the power-off cooling time is more than or equal to 5h after the third smelting is finished.
Step six: and D, carrying out flaw detection after flattening and surface polishing of the cast ingot obtained in the step five, and carrying out component detection by taking four points from the head to the tail, wherein the difference of main elements of the alloy is not higher than 0.2%, and the difference of Fe and O is not higher than 0.02%.
Example 1
A TA18 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 700mm is produced.
Step one: the raw materials such as titanium sponge and intermediate alloy are mixed according to alloy proportion to press a plurality of electrode blocks, wherein the titanium sponge has the Brinell hardness 85HB, the O content of 0.04 percent and the Fe content of 0.029 percent. Each electrode block is alternately rotated clockwise and anticlockwise, each time the electrode block rotates for 10 times, the total rotation times are 160 times, and after the electrode blocks are pressed, a plurality of electrode blocks are welded to obtain a consumable electrode, and the diameter of the electrode is 400mm.
Step two: welding the consumable electrode in the first step with a vacuum consumable smelting auxiliary electrode, wherein the diameter of the auxiliary electrode is 200mm.
Step three: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.4Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 0.8Pa/min, the first smelting is started, the diameter phi of the crucible is 500mm, the first smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time of the arcing stage is 20min, and the smelting speed during the stable smelting is 12kg/min. The heat-sealing top time is 40min, the average smelting speed of electrode melting and dropping downwards is 5kg/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 280s, the size is 8A, then the power-off cooling time is 5h after the first smelting is finished, and the surface of the cast ingot is peeled off 3mm after being discharged from the furnace.
Step four: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.3Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 0.7Pa/min, smelting the cast ingot in the third step for the second time, wherein the diameter of the crucible is 600mm, the second smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arcing stage is 25min, the smelting speed in the stable smelting stage is 16kg/min, the heat-sealing top time is 60min, the average speed of the cast ingot in a melting and dropping downwards is 3kg/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 200s, the size is 10A, then the power-off cooling time is 5.5h after the second smelting is finished, and the skinning of the surface of the cast ingot after leaving the furnace is 2mm.
Step five: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.0Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 0.7Pa/min, the cast ingot in the fourth step is smelted for the third time, the diameter phi of the crucible is 700mm, the third smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arcing stage is 25min, and the smelting speed V during the stable smelting is the same 1 At 18kg/min, heat-seal top time t=318 min, heat-seal top stage feed rate V 2 (kg/min) continuously decreases and satisfies at different times:
V 2 =-（t/75） 2 +18
the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 80s, the size is 15A, and then the power-off cooling time is 5.5h after the third smelting is finished.
Step six: and D, carrying out flaw detection after flattening and polishing the surface of the cast ingot in the step five, wherein the flaw detection is qualified. Four points are respectively taken from the head to the tail of the cast ingot for component detection, and the difference of Al element is detected to be 0.17%, the difference of V element is detected to be 0.16%, the difference of Fe element is detected to be 0.02%, and the difference of O element is detected to be 0.015%.
Example 2
A TA16 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 800mm is produced.
Step one: the raw materials such as titanium sponge and intermediate alloy are mixed according to alloy proportion to press a plurality of electrode blocks, wherein the titanium sponge has the Brinell hardness 85HB, the O content of 0.04 percent and the Fe content of 0.02 percent. Each electrode block is alternately rotated clockwise and anticlockwise, 20 times of rotation are adopted for each time, the total rotation times are 200 times, a plurality of electrode blocks are welded after the mixture is pressed, and the diameter of the electrode is 500mm.
Step two: welding the consumable electrode in the first step with a vacuum consumable smelting auxiliary electrode, wherein the diameter of the auxiliary electrode is 250mm.
Step three: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.5Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 1.0Pa/min, the first smelting is started, the diameter phi of the crucible is 600mm, the first smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time of the arcing stage is 20min, and the smelting speed during the stable smelting is 13kg/min. The heat-sealing top time is 40min, the average smelting speed of electrode melting and dropping downwards is 4.5kg/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 300s, the size is 10A, then the power-off cooling time is 5h after the first smelting is finished, and the peeling of the surface of the cast ingot after being discharged from the furnace is 3mm.
Step four: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.4Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 0.9Pa/min, smelting the cast ingot in the third step for the second time, wherein the diameter of the crucible is 700mm, the second smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arcing stage is 25min, the smelting speed in the stable smelting stage is 18kg/min, the heat-sealing top time is 70min, the average speed of the cast ingot in a melting and dropping downwards is 3kg/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 240s, the size is 15A, then the power-off cooling time is 5.5h after the second smelting is finished, and the skinning of the surface of the cast ingot after leaving the furnace is 2mm.
Step five: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.2Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 0.8Pa/min, the cast ingot in the fourth step is smelted for the third time, the diameter of the crucible is phi 800mm, and the third smelting is divided into the third smelting stepsIn order to realize an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, the smelting time of the arcing stage is 25min, and the smelting speed V during the stable smelting period is stabilized 1 20kg/min, heat-seal top time t=335 min, heat-seal top stage feed rate V 2 (kg/min) continuously decreases and satisfies at different times:
V 2 =-（t/75） 2 +20
the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 120s, the size is 20A, and then the power-off cooling time is 6h after the third smelting is finished.
Step six: and D, carrying out flaw detection after flattening and polishing the surface of the cast ingot in the step five, wherein the flaw detection is qualified. Four points are respectively taken from the middle and the tail of the cast ingot for component detection, and the extremely poor Al element, the extremely poor Zr element, the extremely poor Fe element and the extremely poor O element are detected to be 0.18%, 0.2% and 0.018%.
Example 3
A TA16 titanium alloy cast ingot with the specification of phi 600mm is produced.
Step one: the raw materials such as titanium sponge and intermediate alloy are mixed according to alloy proportion to press a plurality of electrode blocks, wherein the titanium sponge has the Brinell hardness of 80HB, the O content of 0.03 percent and the Fe content of 0.01 percent. Each electrode block is alternately rotated clockwise and anticlockwise, 25 times of rotation are adopted each time, the total rotation times are 250 times, and after the mixture is pressed, a plurality of electrode blocks are welded to obtain a consumable electrode, and the diameter of the electrode is 400mm.
Step two: welding the consumable electrode in the first step with a vacuum consumable smelting auxiliary electrode, wherein the diameter of the auxiliary electrode is phi 160mm.
Step three: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.5Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 1.0Pa/min, the first smelting is started, the diameter phi of the crucible is 400mm, the first smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time of the arcing stage is 25min, and the smelting speed during the stable smelting is 10kg/min. The heat-sealing top time is 30min, the average smelting speed of electrode melting and dropping downwards is 5kg/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 240s, the size is 5A, then the power-off cooling time is 6h after the first smelting is finished, and the surface of the cast ingot is peeled off 3mm after being discharged from the furnace.
Step four: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.4Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 0.8Pa/min, smelting the cast ingot in the third step for the second time, wherein the diameter of the crucible is 600mm, the second smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arcing stage is 20min, the smelting speed in the stable smelting stage is 17kg/min, the heat-sealing top time is 70min, the average speed of the cast ingot in a melting and dropping downwards is 3kg/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 120s, the size is 15A, then the power-off cooling time is 5.5h after the second smelting is finished, and the skinning of the surface of the cast ingot after leaving the furnace is 2mm.
Step five: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.2Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 0.8Pa/min, the cast ingot in the fourth step is smelted for the third time, the diameter phi of the crucible is 600mm, the third smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arcing stage is 20min, and the smelting speed V during the stable smelting is the same 1 20kg/min, heat-seal top time t=325 min, heat-seal top stage feeding rate V 2 (kg/min) continuously decreases and satisfies at different times:
V 2 =-（t/75） 2 +20
the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 60s, the size is 20A, and then the power-off cooling time is 6h after the third smelting is finished.
Step six: and D, carrying out flaw detection after flattening and polishing the surface of the cast ingot in the step five, wherein the flaw detection is qualified. Four points are respectively taken from the head to the tail of the cast ingot for component detection, and the difference of Al element is detected to be 0.15%, the difference of Zr element is detected to be 0.18%, the difference of Fe element is detected to be 0.010%, and the difference of O element is detected to be 0.013%.
Example 4
TA18 titanium alloy cast ingots with the specification of phi 800mm are produced.
Step one: the raw materials such as titanium sponge and intermediate alloy are mixed according to alloy proportion to press a plurality of electrode blocks, wherein the titanium sponge has the Brinell hardness 86HB, the O content of 0.04 percent and the Fe content of 0.02 percent. Each electrode block is alternately rotated clockwise and anticlockwise, 20 times of rotation are adopted for each time, the total rotation times are 200 times, and after the mixture is pressed, a plurality of electrode blocks are welded to obtain a consumable electrode, and the diameter of the electrode is 400mm.
Step two: welding the consumable electrode in the first step with a vacuum consumable smelting auxiliary electrode, wherein the diameter of the auxiliary electrode is phi 280mm.
Step three: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.5Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 1.0Pa/min, the first smelting is started, the diameter phi of the crucible is 500mm, the first smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time of the arcing stage is 25min, and the smelting speed during the stable smelting is 10kg/min. The heat-sealing top time is 30min, the average smelting speed of electrode melting and dropping downwards is 5kg/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 300s, the size is 10A, then the power-off cooling time is 5h after the first smelting is finished, and the surface of the cast ingot is peeled off 3mm after being discharged from the furnace.
Step four: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.5Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 0.9Pa/min, smelting the cast ingot in the third step for the second time, wherein the diameter of the crucible is 600mm, the second smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arcing stage is 25min, the smelting speed in the stable smelting stage is 14kg/min, the heat-sealing top time is 70min, the average speed of the cast ingot in a melting and dropping downwards is 2kg/min, the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 240s, the size is 10A, then the power-off cooling time is 6h after the second smelting is finished, and the peeling of the surface of the cast ingot after the cast ingot is discharged out of the furnace is 2mm.
Step five: when the vacuum degree in the crucible is 1.4Pa and the vacuum leakage rate is 0.6Pa/min, the cast ingot in the fourth step is smelted for the third time, the diameter phi of the crucible is 800mm, the third smelting is divided into an arcing stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat-sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arcing stage is 20min, and the smelting speed V during the stable smelting is the same 1 26kg/min, heat-seal top time t=325 min, heat-seal top stage feeding rate V 2 (kg/min) continuously decreases and satisfies at different times:
V 2 =-（t/75） 2 +26
the arc stabilizing current adopts sinusoidal alternating current, the alternating current period is 120s, the size is 15A, and then the power-off cooling time is 5h after the third smelting is finished.
Step six: and D, carrying out flaw detection after flattening and polishing the surface of the cast ingot in the step five, wherein the flaw detection is qualified. Four points are respectively taken from the head to the tail of the cast ingot for component detection, and the difference of Al element is detected to be 0.15%, the difference of V element is detected to be 0.15%, the difference of Fe element is detected to be 0.018%, and the difference of O element is detected to be 0.015%.
As can be seen from the above examples 1-4, the titanium alloy cast ingot is obtained by controlling the hardness of the titanium sponge, the Fe and O components, the mixture and the specific smelting process, the cast ingot is prepared by adopting three smelting processes, the smelting speed in the stable smelting stage is gradually increased, the arc stabilizing current is gradually increased, the arc stabilizing period is gradually reduced, the third heat-sealing top rate needs to be accurately controlled, and the obtained cast ingot has uniform components and has no defects of shrinkage cavity, looseness and the like.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention; modifications and equivalent substitutions are intended to be included in the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Mixing and pressing the sponge titanium and the intermediate alloy raw materials in proportion to form a plurality of electrode blocks, and welding the electrode blocks formed by mixing and pressing to obtain a consumable electrode;
2) Welding the consumable electrode and the vacuum consumable smelting auxiliary electrode to obtain a welding electrode;
3) The welding electrode is smelted for the first time, wherein the first smelting is divided into an arc starting stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arc starting stage is less than or equal to 25min, the ratio of the crucible diameter in mm in the stable smelting stage to the smelting speed in kg/min is 40-50, the time in the heat sealing top stage is more than or equal to 30min, the average dropping speed of electrode melting is less than or equal to 5kg/min, the arc stabilizing current is 5-10A, the arc stabilizing period is 240-300s, and then the power is off for cooling after the first smelting is finished to obtain a first cast ingot;
4) The first cast ingot is subjected to secondary smelting, wherein the secondary smelting is divided into an arc starting stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, the smelting time in the arc starting stage is less than or equal to 25min, the ratio of the crucible diameter in mm in the stable smelting stage to the smelting speed in kg/min is 35-45, the time in the heat sealing top stage is more than or equal to 60min, the average speed of downward dripping of the cast ingot during smelting is less than or equal to 3kg/min, the arc stabilizing current is 10-15A, the arc stabilizing period is 120-240s, and then the cast ingot is powered off and cooled after the secondary smelting is finished to obtain a second cast ingot;
5) The second ingot is smelted for the third time, and the third smelting is divided into an arc starting stage, a stable smelting stage and a heat sealing top stage, wherein the smelting time in the arc starting stage is less than or equal to 25min, and the crucible diameter in mm and the smelting speed V in kg/min in the stable smelting stage are respectively equal to or less than 25min 1 The ratio of (2) is 30-40, the time t of the heat-sealing top stage is more than or equal to 300min, and the feeding rate V in kg/min in the heat-sealing top stage is higher than or equal to 2 Satisfy V 2 ≥-(t/75) 2 +V 1 The arc stabilizing current is 15-20A and the arc stabilizing period is 60-120s, and then the high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot is obtained after the third smelting is finished and the power-off cooling is performed.
2. The method for producing a high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot of claim 1, further comprising:
6) And (3) carrying out flaw detection after flattening and surface polishing on the obtained high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot, and respectively taking four points at three parts of the head, the middle and the tail of the high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot for component detection.
3. The method for producing a high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot according to claim 2, wherein the alloy main element range is detected to be not higher than 0.2% and the Fe and O range is detected to be not higher than 0.02%.
4. The method for producing a highly homogeneous titanium alloy ingot according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the sponge titanium has a brinell hardness of < 90hb, an o content of < 0.05%, and an Fe content of < 0.03%.
5. The method for producing a highly homogeneous titanium alloy ingot according to claim 4, wherein in step 1), the mixture of each electrode block is alternately rotated clockwise and counterclockwise by 10 or more rotations per time, and the total number of rotations is not less than 100.
6. The method of producing a high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot of claim 1, wherein in step 2), the diameter ratio of the auxiliary electrode to the consumable electrode is 0.4-0.7.
7. The method for preparing a high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the vacuum degree in the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa before the first smelting, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the arc stabilizing current is sinusoidal alternating current, the power-off cooling time is more than or equal to 5 hours after the first smelting is finished, and the surface of the first cast ingot is peeled off 3mm after the first cast ingot is discharged from the furnace.
8. The method for preparing a high-homogeneity titanium alloy cast ingot according to claim 7, wherein in the step 4), the vacuum degree in the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the arc stabilizing current is sinusoidal alternating current, the power-off cooling time is more than or equal to 5 hours after the second smelting is finished, and the surface of the second cast ingot is peeled off 2mm after the second cast ingot is discharged from the furnace.
9. The method for preparing a high-homogeneity titanium alloy ingot according to claim 8, wherein in the step 5), the vacuum degree in the crucible is less than or equal to 1.5Pa before the third smelting, the vacuum leakage rate is less than or equal to 1.0Pa/min, the arc stabilizing current is sinusoidal alternating current, and the power-off cooling time after the third smelting is over is more than or equal to 5 hours.
10. A high homogeneity titanium alloy ingot, characterized in that it is produced by the method for producing a high homogeneity titanium alloy ingot according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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