CN1173408A - Electrical pressure cast shaping process for crankshaft - Google Patents
Electrical pressure cast shaping process for crankshaft Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1173408A CN1173408A CN 97104423 CN97104423A CN1173408A CN 1173408 A CN1173408 A CN 1173408A CN 97104423 CN97104423 CN 97104423 CN 97104423 A CN97104423 A CN 97104423A CN 1173408 A CN1173408 A CN 1173408A
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- Prior art keywords
- slag
- electroslag
- bent axle
- forming
- steel
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- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
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Abstract
An electroslag-extrusion casting technology for forming crankshaft features that refined or spheroidized molten metal is poured into cavity of combined split mould and solidified under the local extrusion. The hole perpendiculer to axis of combined mould is made at the position on mould, which corresponding to the crank position in order to allow the movable press block to do reciprocating movement for local extrusion. Its advantages include less investment, simple operation and the capability to cast other complex workpieces.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of casting method, particularly a kind of electroslag extrusion casint method of forming.Bent axle is that contemporary machine zero assorted typical case represents one of part, its structure and stressed complexity, live load is big, and internal metallurgical quality and castability and formed precision require all very high, and routine casting forges and the method for electroslag smelting casting has been difficult to adapt to the requirement that bent axle further develops.
As everyone knows, it is relatively poor that the spherulitic iron crankshaft of routine casting production exists plasticity, and percentage elongation is on the low side, the quality instability, and product yield is low, the die forging bent axle of rough forging, its forging die and equipment investment are big, and steel utilization ratio is low, the cost height.The electric slag casting crankshaft blank is compared with die forging, and product properties and life-span are high by 20～30%, for the medium-and-large-sized and large-scale special steel bent axle of small lot batch manufacture remarkable benefit.But for middle-size and small-size bent axle, owing to crystallizer is worked under the hot conditions up to 1700～1900 degree, through repeatedly using, very easily produce distortion, cause the crank shaft blank forming accuracy poor, bring difficulty for the production of machined flowing water, can't adapt to requirement of mass production.
Purpose of the present invention is in order to improve middle-size and small-size special steel bent axle formed precision, reduce cost and boost productivity, and stable spherulitic iron crankshaft comprehensive mechanical performance, formed precision and the productivity ratio of improving, a kind of new method that proposes, this method there is no report (1) at present both at home and abroad.
For realizing purpose of the present invention, the present invention adopts assembling die, assembling die can be that integral body is split for one-throw crankshaft, connecting rod neck calibration is not the assembling die of 180 degree, must be whenever to turn one section to split, calibration between respectively turning and location are to guarantee that by seam about every section die and other positioner whenever turn on the assembling die movable holddown is set, movable holddown can be along reciprocating perpendicular to the assembling die axial line.In being poured into melt cinder the liquid metal temperature of refining suitable after (spheroidising of magnesium iron liquid intact bonnet on melt cinder), slag liquid and molten metal are together poured in the assembling die (water earlier behind the slag slag gold liquid with water also can), when slag gold liquid pours into assembling die 1/2～2/3 height, movable holddown is clamp-oned with 0.0 meter per second～0.4 meter per second speed from bottom to top successively, treat pressurize in the time of 10～15 seconds, just withdraw from movable holddown from bottom to up.Withdraw from too early generation shrinkage porosite or shrinkage cavity defect, withdrawing to increase the internal stress of foundry goods own evening, makes movable holddown withdraw from difficulty.
The present invention is in unsealed assembling die die cavity, and liquid metal is solidified at part extruding compacted under, so extruding force is controlled in 0.2～9Mpa scope, and root a tree name crank shaft blank size and performance requirement are regulated.
Assembling die of the present invention, in relative crank throw position, all have aperture perpendicular to the assembling die direction of axis line, its height and width should equal rod journal length and rod journal diameter respectively, so that movable holddown is reciprocating, the material of mould and movable holddown has medium carbon steel, low-alloy structural steel, magnesium iron and alloy cast iron etc. can be selected for use according to the performance requirement of crankshaft material.
The present invention adopts the electroslag furnace slag, when treating that slag Wen Gaoda 1650～1700 spends, molten steel (various steel) with meltings such as electric arc furnaces or intermediate frequency furnaces injects the slag refining then, after treating that temperature is suitable, slag liquid and molten steel are together poured in the assembling die (water earlier behind the slag slag molten steel with water also can) moulding and solidify, can obtain that metal is pure, dense structure, uniform ingredients, formed precision is high and the no bright and clean special steel crank shaft blank in surface.
Slag composition of the present invention is: make steel for acid lining: CaF
210～20% Al
2O
335～45% CaO, 25～35%SiO
25～15% MgO 5%
Make steel for basic lining: CaF
250～60% Al
2O
315～25% CaO 5%SiO
220～30%
The present invention also can produce ductile iron crankshaft, still usefulnessization slag hearth slag, when treating that the slag temperature reaches 1600～1650 ℃, molten iron with furnace cupola or frequency conversion stove (comprising power frequency or intermediate frequency) melting pours into refining in the slag then, treat that the pushing off the slag of the suitable back of temperature is come out of the stove and carry out spheroidising, then high temperature sludge is poured into and covered molten iron in the casting ladle and together pour in the assembling die (water earlier behind the slag slag molten iron with water also can) moulding and solidify, can obtain the high various high performance crank shaft blank of dimensional accuracy and surface quality.Used slag system is: CaF
245～55% Al
2O
35～10%CaO, 25～35% SiO
25% MgO 5%
The present invention is in refining and purification process, the control of the quantity of slag should be satisfied the requirement of liquid metal purification and crank shaft blank surface quality and feeding, slag-metal rate generally is controlled between 0.03～0.08, regulate according to bent axle surface area size and quality requirement, guarantee that the outer slag crust of bent axle is thick about 1mm, the slag composition should be selected according to crankshaft material and quality requirement thereof.
The present invention is for adapting to requirement of mass production, assembling die adopts quick change to connect with template, template with workbench respectively, treat that movable holddown withdraws from after, combination die is shifted out the folding mould fast, for the rod journal calibration is 180 degree assembling die, folding moulds on the spot.
The invention has the advantages that electroslag refining makes a large amount of sulphur removal of liquid metal, and reduce non-metallic inclusion content significantly, refinement field trash size, crank shaft blank is again at the pressurized compacted under simultaneously, and curing condition is fabulous.With the special steel bent axle that this straightforward procedure is produced, its mechanical performance can reach fully with steel grade forging standard.The spherulitic iron crankshaft of producing, graphitization expansion owing to solidifying realizes from mending, can obtain the spherulitic iron crankshaft of high-mechanical property, compare with the spherulitic iron crankshaft of producing with the routine of the trade mark, intensity can improve 20%, and percentage elongation improves 1～2 times, and crank shaft blank is because coagulation surface has the thin slag crust of one deck to exist, its surface smoothness is higher than the die forging bent axle, is that the spherulitic iron crankshaft blank of routine casting production can't be compared.The present invention produces the special steel bent axle with steel scrap, a large amount of saving metal material and energies, and cost is lower than die forging and electric slag casting crankshaft, and China's rare earth resources is abundant, utilizes the spherulitic iron crankshaft of its production, can utilize sulfur content high local cast iron, economical with materials and the energy in a large number.Method small investment of the present invention, simple to operate, and can produce other complicated Bohler electroslag tapping spare, this will open up new approach for Development in Machine Industry.
The concrete structure of invention is seen the following drawings and embodiment;
Fig. 1 is a bent axle electroslag extrusion equipment schematic diagram.1 is template among the figure, the 2nd, and bracing frame, the 3rd, assembling die, the 4th, movable holddown, the 5th, extrusion structure, the 6th, workbench
Fig. 2 is that three-throw crankshaft assembling die movable holddown is clamp-oned preceding schematic diagram.Among the figure 1～3rd, the individual layer mould, 4～6 is movable holddowns of 1～3 layer of mould crank throw correspondence.
Fig. 3 is that three-throw crankshaft assembling die movable holddown is clamp-oned the back schematic diagram.Among the figure 1～3rd, the individual layer mould, 4～6 is movable holddowns of 1～3 layer of mould crank throw correspondence.
Being of Fig. 4 slag refining schematic diagram.1 is the non-power consumption utmost point among the figure, the 2nd, subcontract, and the 3rd, melt cinder, the 4th, liquid metal, the 5th, change slag hearth.
Fig. 5 is a bent axle Bohler electroslag tapping schematic diagram, and 1 is assembling die among the figure, the 2nd, and melt cinder, the 3rd, casting ladle, the 4th, liquid metal.
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1 bent axle electroslag extrusion casint method of forming device therefor and the technical process that the present invention proposes is described.Earlier template (1) is fixed on the workbench (6), with assembling die 3) bracing frame (2) is fixed on the template (1), again pressing mechanism (5) is installed in respectively on the bracing frame (2), and be connected with movable holddown (4) respectively, make it at assembling die 3) in the aperture activity freely, and can be along perpendicular to assembling die 3) axis is reciprocating.
Elder generation's usefulnessization slag hearth slag, when treating that temperature reaches requirement, liquid metal is carried out refining Fig. 4 with subcontracting to pour in the slag liquid, treat that the suitable back of temperature (melt cinder on the magnesium iron liquid spheroidising bonnet) pours casting ladle into and pour into a mould Fig. 5, the assembling die state as shown in Figure 2 at this moment, when slag gold liquid pours into assembling die 1/2～2/3 height, movable holddown (4～6) is clamp-oned in pressing mechanism this moment (5) beginning from bottom to top, when this moment, the assembling die state was treated 10～15 seconds as shown in Figure 3, movable holddown (4～6) was withdrawed from the two beginnings of pressing mechanism (5) from bottom to top
The invention process is to keep straight on Suzuki car bent axle product, and material is 45 steel and TQ700-2, and technological parameter sees Table 1 and table 2 table 1 steel
The item argument remarks
1550～1650 ℃ of basic lining meltings of iron and steel temperature
1650～1750 ℃ of slag temperature
Refining time about 5 minutes molten steel slowly pour in the slag
Poring rate 12KG/ branch
The quantity of slag 1～1.2kg
Slag composition CaF
250～60% Al
2O
315～25%
The item argument remarks
Iron and steel temperature 1480～15000C
Slag temperature 1600～16500C
Refining time about 5 minutes molten iron slowly pour in the slag
Spheroidization treatment temperature 1450～15000C
Pouring temperature 1350～14000C
Poring rate 12KG/ branch
The quantity of slag 1～1.2KG
Slag composition CaF
245～55% Al
2O
35～10%
CaO 25～35％ SiO
2?5％ MgO?5％
Claims (10)
1, a kind of bent axle electroslag extrusion casint method of forming relates to extraordinary method of refining, and it comprises the used slag system of refining, purification step and crank shaft blank forming method.The invention is characterized in to make liquid metal mixing refining, strict control slag-metal rate together pours into slag and liquid metal in the hybrid mold then 0.03～0.08, and the extruding compacted under solidifies in the part.
2, by the described bent axle electroslag of the claim 1 extrusion casint method of forming, it is characterized in that the part extruding compacted under in unsealed assembling die die cavity solidifies, its extruding force is 0.2～9MPa.
3, by the described bent axle electroslag of the claim 1 extrusion casint method of forming, it is characterized in that every layer of work; The Best Times that the dynamic pressure piece is clamp-oned is a slag gold liquid when pouring into assembling die 1/2～2/3 height, and movable holddown is clamp-oned with the speed of 0.2～0.4 meter per second from bottom to top successively, treats pressurize in the time of 10～15 seconds, still withdraws from movable holddown from bottom to top successively.
4, by the described bent axle electroslag of the claim 1 extrusion casint method of forming, it is characterized in that touching relative crank throw position on the tool in combination, all have the aperture of touching the tool direction of axis line perpendicular to combination, can be reciprocating for ease of whenever turning set movable holddown along touch the tool axial line perpendicular to combination, the height in aperture and width should equal rod journal length and rod journal diameter respectively.
5, by the described bent axle electroslag of the claim extrusion casint method of forming, it is characterized in that it can be that integral body is split that tool is touched in combination, one section one is turned and splits or turn more one section and split, and calibration between respectively turning and location are to touch tool by every section seam and other positioner guarantee up and down.
6,, when it is characterized in that making 45 steel crank shafts, be CaF for acid lining steel-making slag system by the described bent axle electroslag of the claim extrusion casint method of forming
210～20%, Al
2O
335～45%, CaO 25～35%, SiO
25～15%, Mg 0.5%.
7,, when it is characterized in that making 45 steel crank shafts, be Al for basic lining steel-making slag system by the described bent axle electroslag of the claim 1 extrusion casint method of forming
2O
315～25%, CaO 5%, SiO
220～35%
8, ask the 1 described bent axle electroslag extrusion casint method of forming by the right village, the refining that it is characterized in that making spherulitic iron crankshaft is CaF
245～55% Al
2O
35～10%, CaO25～35%, SiO
25% Mg 0.5%
9, by claim 1,6, the 7 described bent axle electroslag extrusion casint methods of forming, it is characterized in that the slag temperature of making 45 steel reaches 1650～1700 ℃, molten steel can be injected refining, treat that molten steel temperature is suitable after, slag liquid and molten steel one ridge are poured in the assembling die (water earlier behind the slag slag molten steel ridge water also can).
10, by claim 1, the 8 described bent axle electroslag extrusion casint methods of forming, when it is characterized in that making spherulitic iron crankshaft, when its slag temperature reaches 1600～1650 ℃, molten iron with furnace cupola or frequency conversion stove (comprise power frequency or dash frequency) melting pours into refining in the slag then, treat that the pushing off the slag of the suitable back of temperature is come out of the stove and carry out spheroidising, after treating that molten iron temperature is suitable, then high temperature sludge is poured into and covered molten iron one ridge in the casting ladle and pour in the assembling die (water earlier behind the slag slag molten iron with water also can).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97104423A CN1101285C (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1997-05-30 | Electrical pressure cast shaping process for crankshaft |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97104423A CN1101285C (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1997-05-30 | Electrical pressure cast shaping process for crankshaft |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1173408A true CN1173408A (en) | 1998-02-18 |
| CN1101285C CN1101285C (en) | 2003-02-12 |
Family
ID=5167352
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97104423A Expired - Fee Related CN1101285C (en) | 1997-05-30 | 1997-05-30 | Electrical pressure cast shaping process for crankshaft |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1101285C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107983917A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-04 | 重庆臻展热处理有限公司 | A kind of shot process units |
| CN114309475A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-12 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Modular mold design for casting vehicle frames and components |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1006531B (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1990-01-24 | 北京科技大学 | One step electroslag melt-casting process for integral crankshaft and equipment used |
| CN1014213B (en) * | 1986-12-27 | 1991-10-09 | 江西黎川特钢厂 | Improved electroslag melting device for crankshaft blank |
-
1997
- 1997-05-30 CN CN97104423A patent/CN1101285C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107983917A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-05-04 | 重庆臻展热处理有限公司 | A kind of shot process units |
| CN114309475A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-12 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Modular mold design for casting vehicle frames and components |
| CN114309475B (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2024-05-03 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Modular mold design for casting frames and components |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1101285C (en) | 2003-02-12 |
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