CN117336311B - Method and device for keeping consistency of multiple HLS server slices - Google Patents
Method and device for keeping consistency of multiple HLS server slices Download PDFInfo
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- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1095—Replication or mirroring of data, e.g. scheduling or transport for data synchronisation between network nodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/06—Protocols specially adapted for file transfer, e.g. file transfer protocol [FTP]
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for keeping consistency of a plurality of HLS server slices, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the acquisition server receives a code stream from the encoding server; the acquisition server updates and writes the information of the acquisition server and the information of the accumulated time length of the media into a PAT table of the transport stream file; the plurality of slicing servers pull the transmission stream file from the acquisition servers connected with the slicing servers; each slicing server respectively interprets the transport stream file to obtain acquisition server information and media accumulated duration information, and calculates the positions of all cutting points of the transport stream file to obtain a cut transport stream file; naming the cut transport stream file; repeating the steps until the input code stream of the coding server is ended. In the method for keeping the slices of the plurality of HLS servers consistent, all the slicing servers refer to the information written by the acquisition server and use the same algorithm to ensure the consistency of the slice names and the contents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of streaming media, and particularly relates to a method and a device for keeping slices of a plurality of HLS servers consistent.
Background
HLS (generic name HTTP Live Streaming) is a streaming media network transport protocol based on HTTP. The protocol supports the client to play videos with different code rates and resolutions under different network bandwidth environments. HLS is implemented by cutting the entire multimedia file into small HTTP-based resources (files in the MPEG 2Transport Stream format), also called "slices", and generating an extended M3U (M3U 8) Playlist file containing slice files uri, downloading only some resources in the list at a time, and the client can select different resources for downloading and playing according to the bandwidth environment.
As the flow of streaming media data is larger and larger, the content delivery network CDN needs to support a plurality of slicing servers to generate dynamic rate adaptive audio/video data of an HTTP-based adaptive rate streaming media transmission protocol (i.e., HLS slice data), but at present, after each slicing server pulls a code stream from the same acquisition server connected with the slicing server, the generated slice name and content are inconsistent, which brings a lot of inconveniences to subsequent HLS slice data processing, such as inconvenience when performing operations such as alignment on HLS slice data, and the like, when needing to find a unique file corresponding to a timestamp.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method and a device for keeping consistency of multiple HLS server slices, which aim to at least solve one of the technical problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention relates to a method for keeping slices of a plurality of HLS servers consistent, which operates on a device for keeping slices of the plurality of HLS servers consistent, wherein the device for keeping slices of the plurality of HLS servers consistent comprises an acquisition server and a plurality of slicing servers which are sequentially connected, the front end of the acquisition server is connected with an encoding server of a content distribution network, and the rear ends of the slicing servers are respectively connected with a user cloud system, and the method comprises the following steps:
s100, the acquisition server receives a code stream from the coding server, wherein the code stream comprises a plurality of transmission stream files;
s200, the acquisition server updates and writes the information of the acquisition server and the information of the media accumulated time length into a PAT table of the transport stream file;
s300, the plurality of slicing servers pull the transmission stream file from the acquisition servers connected with the slicing servers;
s400, each slicing server respectively interprets the transport stream file to obtain acquisition server information and media accumulated duration information, and calculates the positions of all cutting points of the transport stream file based on a slicing judgment method to obtain a cut transport stream file;
s500, naming the cut transport stream file by the slice server based on a slice naming mode;
s600, repeating the steps S100 to S500 until the input code stream of the coding server is ended.
Further, before the step S200, the method further includes:
based on the mpeg protocol, the acquisition server sets an adaptation_field_control field of a transport stream file to have an adaptation field and a payload, wherein the adaptation_field_control field of the transport stream file is a setting field of a ts layer in the transport stream file, and the adaptation_field_control of the transport stream file is used for setting whether the transport stream file contains an adaptation area.
Further, the adaptation_field_control field of the transport stream file is set to 11.
Further, in the step S300, the slicing server pulls the transport stream file from the acquisition server connected to the slicing server in the Http manner.
Further, in the step S400, based on the slice discriminating method, the positions of all the cut points of the transport stream file are calculated as follows:
，
wherein,for the position of the cutting point, +.>To accumulate playable duration +.>For the slice duration +.>Representing a rounding down operation.
Further, in the step S500, the slice naming manner includes a resource name, the acquisition server information, and a time stamp.
Further, the slice naming manner is "resource name-acquisition server information-timestamp".
Further, the present invention also proposes an apparatus for keeping a plurality of HLS server slices consistent, comprising:
the acquisition server is used for acquiring a transmission stream file from the content distribution network, and the acquisition server is electrically connected with an encoder of the content distribution network;
the slicing servers are used for processing the transmission streaming media files acquired by the acquisition servers, the number of the slicing servers is larger than one, and each slicing server is connected with the acquisition server respectively.
Further, the device for keeping the slices of the plurality of HLS servers consistent further comprises a user cloud system, wherein at least one user cloud system is arranged, and each user cloud system is connected with a single slice server;
and the user end is connected with the single user cloud system.
The invention also proposes a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement a method as described above.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the method and the device for keeping the slices of the plurality of HLS servers consistent, all the slicing servers refer to the information written by the acquisition server and use the same algorithm, so that the consistency of the slice names and the content is ensured, and the consistency of the HLS slices in the system can be ensured by random expansion of the CDN cluster of the content distribution network.
Further, additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for maintaining consistency among multiple HLS server slices.
Fig. 2 is an apparatus schematic diagram of a method for maintaining consistency among multiple HLS server slices.
Description of the embodiments
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The conception, specific structure, and technical effects produced by the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings to fully understand the objects, aspects, and effects of the present invention.
It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, when a feature is referred to as being "fixed" or "connected" to another feature, it may be directly or indirectly fixed or connected to the other feature. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used in the description presented herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any combination of one or more of the associated listed items.
It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this disclosure to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element of the same type from another. For example, a first element could also be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could also be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., "such as") provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. Further, as used herein, the industry term "pose" refers to the position and pose of an element relative to a spatial coordinate system.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for keeping slices of a plurality of HLS servers consistent, which operates on a device for keeping slices of a plurality of HLS servers consistent, the device for keeping slices of a plurality of HLS servers consistent includes an acquisition server and a plurality of slice servers connected in sequence, a front end of the acquisition server is connected with an encoding server of a content distribution network, and a rear end of the slice server is connected with a user cloud system, respectively, the method includes the following steps:
s100, the acquisition server receives a code stream from the coding server, wherein the code stream comprises a plurality of transmission stream files;
s200, the acquisition server updates and writes the information of the acquisition server and the information of the media accumulated time length into a PAT table of the transport stream file;
s300, the plurality of slicing servers pull the transmission stream file from the acquisition servers connected with the slicing servers;
s400, each slicing server respectively interprets the transport stream file to obtain acquisition server information and media accumulated duration information, and calculates the positions of all cutting points of the transport stream file based on a slicing judgment method to obtain a cut transport stream file;
s500, naming the cut transport stream file by the slice server based on a slice naming mode;
s600, repeating the steps S100 to S500 until the input code stream of the coding server is ended.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
according to the method and the device for keeping the slices of the plurality of HLS servers consistent, all the slicing servers refer to the information written by the acquisition server and use the same algorithm, so that the consistency of the slice names and the content is ensured, and the consistency of the HLS slices in the system can be ensured by random expansion of the CDN cluster of the content distribution network.
Specifically, an adaptation_field_control field of a transport stream file configured by an acquisition server is set to carry an adaptive field and a payload at the same time, and the name of the acquisition server and the accumulated playable duration are written into a PAT table of the transport stream file; a plurality of slicing servers pull streams from the acquisition server and analyze transport stream files TS packets; calculating a start point and an end point of the slice by a slice judging method according to the analyzed acquisition server name and the timestamp; the transport stream file TS packet slices are named according to the rules of resource name-server name-timestamp. All slicing servers in the method refer to the information written by the acquisition server and use the same slicing judgment method, so that consistency of the slicing names and contents is ensured, and convenience is provided for subsequent further operation.
In some embodiments, the acquisition server information and the media cumulative length information may not be written into the PAT table, but rather, a new private transport stream file TS packet that includes the acquisition server information and the media cumulative length information.
Further, referring to fig. 1, before the step S200, the method further includes:
based on the mpeg protocol, the acquisition server sets an adaptation_field_control field of a transport stream file to have an adaptation field and a payload, wherein the adaptation_field_control field of the transport stream file is a setting field of a ts layer in the transport stream file, and the adaptation_field_control of the transport stream file is used for setting whether the transport stream file contains an adaptation area.
Specifically, the adaptation_field_control field of the transport stream file is a 2-bit (bit) occupying parameter, and is used for setting whether the transport stream file contains an adaptive area or not, including four states, wherein 00 is reserved; 01 is an unadapted domain, containing only payload; 10 is an adaptive domain only, with no payload; 11 is a system with both an adaptation field and a payload.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the adaptation_field_control field of the transport stream file is set to 11.
Specifically, the adaptation_field_control field of the transport stream file is set to 11 to indicate that the adaptation field and the payload are simultaneously carried, so that the acquisition server information (such as the acquisition server name) and the media cumulative time length information update can be written into the PAT table of the transport stream file.
After the acquisition server analyzes TS packets of the transport stream file, discovers a new slice GOP, starts from the start point of the slice GOP, finds the first PAT packet in the slice GOP, sets the adaptation_field_control field of the transport stream file to 11, writes the server name and the accumulated playable duration into the PAT table as adaptive fields, and needs to be noted that after the server name and the accumulated playable duration information are added, the total length is ensured not to exceed 188 bytes, and then the accumulated playable duration is updated and saved for the next operation.
Further, referring to fig. 1, in the step S300, the slicing server pulls the transport stream file from the acquisition server connected thereto by the Http method.
Further, referring to fig. 1, in the step S400, based on the slice discriminating method, positions of all the cut points of the transport stream file are calculated as follows:
specifically, the slicing server downloads streaming media from the acquisition server, analyzes the TS packets of the transport stream file, finds out a new slice GOP, finds out the first PAT packet in the slice GOP, reads the server name, and accumulates the playable duration. According to the read accumulated playable time length, calculating the cutting point of the slice, and calculating the algorithm pseudo code: division point= (floor (accumulated playable duration/slice duration) +1) slice duration, floor represents a rounding down operation.
And judging whether the current accumulated time length is greater than or equal to a cutting point, if so, starting slicing, and naming the slicing according to a rule of 'resource name_server name_accumulated playable time length'. If not, then the next slice GOP is awaited. The plurality of servers can keep consistent naming and content of the slices in the mode.
，
Wherein,for the position of the cutting point, +.>In order to accumulate the duration of the playable time,for the slice duration +.>Representing a rounding down operation.
Further, referring to fig. 1, in the step S500, the slice naming manner includes a resource name, the acquisition server information, and a time stamp.
Further, referring to fig. 1, the slice naming manner is "resource name-acquisition server information-timestamp".
In one specific embodiment of the present invention,
the pre-condition is as follows: assuming a slice length of 5 seconds (i.e., each TS slice can be played for 5 seconds) and a GOP length of 1 second, the preconditions are merely convenient for example, and can be actually changed according to actual situations.
A. And (3) starting acquisition, completing analysis of the first GOP, and writing the accumulated time length of one second into the PAT.
B. The second GOP analysis is completed, the accumulated time length is two seconds, the accumulated time length is written into the PAT table, and the like.
C. And (3) streaming by the slicing server, wherein the first GOP is analyzed to be 1 second in cumulative time length and is in an initialization state at present, no code stream data exists at the moment, slicing is not needed, and the slicing point= (floor (1/5) +1) ×5=5 seconds is updated.
D. The second GOP analysis by the slicing server is completed, the analysis is completed until the accumulated time length is 2 seconds, the current cutting point is initialized to 5 seconds, the slicing condition is not met, and the cutting point= (floor (2/5) +1) ×5=5 seconds is updated.
E. The third GOP of the slicing server is resolved, the accumulated time length is 3 seconds, the current cutting point is initialized to 5 seconds, the slicing condition is not met, and the cutting point= (floor (3/5) +1) ×5=5 seconds is updated.
F. The fourth GOP of the slicing server is resolved, the accumulated time length is 4 seconds, the current cutting point is initialized to 5 seconds, the slicing condition is not met, and the cutting point= (floor (4/5) +1) ×5=5 seconds is updated.
G. The fifth GOP of the slicing server is resolved, the accumulated time length is 5 seconds, the current cutting point is initialized to 5 seconds, the slicing condition is met, the slice 'resource name_server name_5' is produced, and the cutting point= (floor (5/5) +1) ×5=10 seconds is updated
H. The sixth GOP of the slicing server is parsed, the cumulative duration is 6 seconds, the current slicing point is initialized to 10 seconds, the slicing condition is not satisfied, and the slicing point= (floor (6/5) +1) ×5=10 seconds is updated.
I. The seventh GOP analysis by the slicing server is completed, the analysis is completed until the accumulated time length is 7 seconds, the current cutting point is initialized to 10 seconds, the slicing condition is not satisfied, and the cutting point= (floor (7/5) +1) ×5=10 seconds is updated.
J. The eighth GOP of the slicing server is parsed, the cumulative duration is 8 seconds, the current slicing point is initialized to 10 seconds, the slicing condition is not satisfied, and the slicing point= (floor (8/5) +1) ×5=10 seconds is updated.
K. The ninth GOP of the slicing server is analyzed, the cumulative duration is 9 seconds, the current slicing point is initialized to 10 seconds, the slicing condition is not met, and the slicing point= (floor (9/5) +1) ×5=10 seconds is updated.
And L, finishing the analysis of the tenth GOP of the slicing server, analyzing to the accumulated time length of 10 seconds, initializing the current cutting point to 10 seconds, meeting the slicing condition, producing a slice 'resource name_server name_10', updating the cutting point= (floor (10/5) +1) ×5=15 seconds, and the like.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the present invention also proposes an apparatus for keeping a plurality of HLS server slices consistent, including:
the acquisition server is used for acquiring a transmission stream file from the content distribution network, and the acquisition server is electrically connected with an encoder of the content distribution network;
the slicing servers are used for processing the transmission streaming media files acquired by the acquisition servers, the number of the slicing servers is larger than one, and each slicing server is connected with the acquisition server respectively.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the apparatus for keeping slices of multiple HLS servers consistent further includes a user cloud system, where at least one number of user cloud systems is provided, and each user cloud system is connected with a single slice server;
and the user end is connected with the single user cloud system.
The invention also proposes a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement a method as described above.
It should be appreciated that the method steps in embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or carried out by computer hardware, a combination of hardware and software, or by computer instructions stored in non-transitory computer-readable memory. The method may use standard programming techniques. Each program may be implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language. Furthermore, the program can be run on a programmed application specific integrated circuit for this purpose.
Furthermore, the operations of the processes described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The processes (or variations and/or combinations thereof) described herein may be performed under control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions, and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications), by hardware, or combinations thereof, collectively executing on one or more processors. The computer program includes a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors.
Further, the method may be implemented in any type of computing platform operatively connected to a suitable computing platform, including, but not limited to, a personal computer, mini-computer, mainframe, workstation, network or distributed computing environment, separate or integrated computer platform, or in communication with a charged particle tool or other imaging device, and so forth. Aspects of the invention may be implemented in machine-readable code stored on a non-transitory storage medium or device, whether removable or integrated into a computing platform, such as a hard disk, optical read and/or write storage medium, RAM, ROM, etc., such that it is readable by a programmable computer, which when read by a computer, is operable to configure and operate the computer to perform the processes described herein. Further, the machine readable code, or portions thereof, may be transmitted over a wired or wireless network. When such media includes instructions or programs that, in conjunction with a microprocessor or other data processor, implement the steps described above, the invention described herein includes these and other different types of non-transitory computer-readable storage media. The invention may also include the computer itself when programmed according to the methods and techniques of the present invention.
The computer program can be applied to the input data to perform the functions described herein, thereby converting the input data to generate output data that is stored to the non-volatile memory. The output information may also be applied to one or more output devices such as a display. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the transformed data represents physical and tangible objects, including specific visual depictions of physical and tangible objects produced on a display.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but can be modified, equivalent, improved, etc. by the same means to achieve the technical effects of the present invention, which are included in the spirit and principle of the present invention. Various modifications and variations are possible in the technical solution and/or in the embodiments within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for keeping slices of a plurality of HLS servers consistent, which operates on a device for keeping slices of a plurality of HLS servers consistent, wherein the device for keeping slices of a plurality of HLS servers consistent comprises an acquisition server and a plurality of slice servers which are sequentially connected, the front end of the acquisition server is connected with an encoding server of a content distribution network, and the rear ends of the slice servers are respectively connected with a user cloud system, the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, the acquisition server receives a code stream from the coding server, wherein the code stream comprises a plurality of transmission stream files;
s200, the acquisition server updates and writes the information of the acquisition server and the accumulated playable duration into a PAT table of the transport stream file;
the step S200 further includes:
based on the mpeg protocol, the acquisition server sets an adaptation_field_control field of a transport stream file to be provided with an adaptive field and a payload, wherein the adaptation_field_control field of the transport stream file is a setting field of a ts layer in the transport stream file, and the adaptation_field_control of the transport stream file is used for setting whether the transport stream file contains an adaptive area;
after a new slice GOP is found, starting from the start point of the slice GOP, finding the first PAT packet in the slice GOP, setting an adaptation_field_control field of the transport stream file to 11, writing a server name and accumulated playable duration into a PAT table as self-adaptive fields, ensuring that the total length is not more than 188 bytes after the server name and accumulated playable duration information are added, and updating the accumulated playable duration to store the next operation;
the adaptation_field_control field of the transport stream file is a 2-bit-occupied (bit) parameter, and is used for setting whether the transport stream file contains an adaptive area or not, wherein the adaptive area comprises four states, and 00 is reserved; 01 is an unadapted domain, containing only payload; 10 is an adaptive domain only, with no payload; 11 is a system with both an adaptation field and a payload;
s300, the plurality of slicing servers pull the transmission stream file from the acquisition servers connected with the slicing servers;
s400, each slicing server respectively interprets the transport stream file to obtain acquisition server information and accumulated playable time length, and calculates the positions of all cutting points of the transport stream file based on a slicing judgment method to obtain a cut transport stream file;
in the step S400, based on the slice discriminating method, the positions of all the cutting points of the transport stream file are calculated as follows:
，
wherein,for the position of the cutting point, +.>To accumulate playable duration +.>For the slice duration +.>Representing a downward rounding operation;
judging whether the current accumulated time length is greater than or equal to a cutting point, if so, starting slicing, and naming the slicing according to a rule of 'resource name_server name_accumulated playable time length'; if not, waiting for the next slice GOP;
s500, naming the cut transport stream file by the slice server based on a slice naming mode;
s600, repeating the steps S100 to S500 until the input code stream of the coding server is ended.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S300, the slicing server pulls the transport stream file from the acquisition server connected thereto by Http.
3. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement the method of any of claims 1 to 2.
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